Problem Set - Week 11 - Class 2 Solutions ICGN104 Mathematics and Its Contemporary Applications

Problem Set – Week 11 – Class 2
Solutions
ICGN104 Mathematics and Its Contemporary
Applications
1. The rate of change of the value of a house that cost $350,000 to build can be modeled
dV
by = 8e0.05t , where t is the time in years since the house was built and V is the value
dt
(in thousands of dollars) of the house. Find V (t).
Solution: We have 󰁝
V (t) = 8e0.05t dt.
Letting u = 0.05t, we have du = 0.05dt or dt = du/0.05. Then we obtain

󰁝 󰁝
u du 8
V (t) = 8e = eu du = 160eu + C = 160e0.05t + C.
0.05 0.05
The house cost $350,000 to build, so V (0) = 350. Hence
350 = 160e0 + C = 160 + C.
This yields C = 190. Thus

V (t) = 160e0.05t + 190.
2. If the rate of change of the expected life span ℓ at birth of people born in the United
States can be modeled by
dℓ 12
= ,
dt 2t + 50
where t is the number of years after 1940 and the expected life span was 63 years in
1940, find the expected life span for people born in 1998.
Solution: We have 󰁝
12
ℓ(t) = dt.
2t + 50
Letting u = 2t + 50, we have du = 2 dt or dt = du/2. Then we obtain
󰁝 󰁝
12 du 1
ℓ(t) = =6 du = 6 ln|u| + C = 6 ln|2t + 50| + C.
u 2 u
Since the expected life span was 63 years in 1940, we have ℓ(0) = 63. Hence
󰀏 󰀏
63 = 6 ln󰀏2(0) + 50󰀏 + C = 6 ln|50| + C = 6 ln 50 + C.
Solving yields C = 63 − 6 ln 50 ≈ 39.53. Hence
ℓ(t) = 6 ln|2t + 50| + 39.53.
Hence the expected life span for people born in 1998 (58 years after 1940) is given by
󰀏 󰀏
ℓ(58) = 6 ln󰀏2(58) + 50󰀏 + 39.53 = 6 ln|166| + 39.53 = 6 ln 166 + 39.53 ≈ 70 years.
3. A manufacturer’s marginal cost function is

dc
= 0.2q + 8.
dq
If c is in dollars, determine the cost involved to increase production from 65 to 75 units.
Solution: The cost involved to increase production from 65 to 75 units is c(75) − c(65)
and therefore is given by
󰁝 75 󰁝 75 󰀏75
′ 󰀏
c (q) dq = (0.2q + 8) dq = 0.1q 2 + 8q 󰀏 = 1162.5 − 942.5 = $220.
65 65 65
4. A manufacturer’s marginal cost function is

dc
= 0.004q 2 − 0.5q + 50.
dq
If c is in dollars, determine the cost involved to increase production from 90 to 180 units.
Solution: The cost involved to increase production from 90 to 180 units is c(180) −
c(90) and therefore is given by
󰁝 180 󰁝 180
′
c (q) dq = (0.004q 2 − 0.5q + 50) dq
90 90
0.004 3 󰀏180
󰀏
= q − 0.25q 2 + 50q 󰀏 = 8676 − 3447 = $5229.
3 90
5. A manufacturer’s marginal-revenue function is

dr 2000
=√ .
dq 300q
If r is in dollars, find the change in the manufacturer’s total revenue if production is
increased from 500 to 800 units.
Page 2
Solution: The change in the manufacturer’s total revenue if production is increased
from 500 to 800 units is given by
󰁝 800 󰁝 800
′ 2000
r(800) − r(500) = r (q) dq = √ dq
500 500 300q
󰁝 󰁝
2000 800 1 2000 800 −1/2
=√ √ dq = √ q dq
300 500 q 300 500
2000 󰀏800 400 √ √
󰀏
= √ · 2q 1/2 󰀏 = √ ( 800 − 500) ≈ $1367.99.
10 3 500 3
6. A manufacturer’s marginal-revenue function is

dr
= 100 + 50q − 3q 2 .
dq
If r is in dollars, find the change in the manufacturer’s total revenue if production is
increased from 5 to 10 units.
Solution: The change in the manufacturer’s total revenue if production is increased

from 500 to 800 units is given by
󰁝 10 󰀏10
󰀏
(100 + 50q − 3q 2 ) dq = 100q + 25q 2 − q 3 󰀏
5 5
= (1000 + 2500 − 1000) − (500 + 625 − 125)

= $1500.
7. A sociologist is studying the crime rate in a certain city. She estimates that t months
after the beginning of next year, the total number of crimes committed will increase
at the rate of 8t + 10 crimes per month. Determine the total number of crimes that
can be expected to be committed next year. How many crimes can be expected to be
committed during the last six months of that year?
Solution: The total number of crimes that can be expected to be committed next year
is given by 󰁝 12 󰀏12
󰀏
(8t + 10) dt = 4t2 + 10t󰀏 = 696 − 0 = 696.
0 0
The expected number of crimes to be committed during the last six months of that
year is given by
󰁝 12 󰀏12
2 󰀏
(8t + 10) dt = 4t + 10t󰀏 = 696 − 204 = 492.
6 6
Page 3
8. For a group of hospitalized individuals, suppose the discharge rate is given by
81 × 106
f (t) = ,
(300 + t)4
where f (t) is the proportion of the group discharged per day at the end of t days. What
proportion has been discharged by the end of 700 days?
Solution: The proportion discharges by the end of 700 days is given by

󰁝 700 󰁝 700
81 × 106
4
6
dt = (81 × 10 ) (300 + t)−4 dt
0 (300 + t) 0
󰀏
−3 󰀏700
6 (300 + t) 󰀏
= (81 × 10 ) 󰀏
−3
󰀏0700
1 󰀏
= −(27 × 106 ) 󰀏
(300 + t) 󰀏0
3
󰀓 1 1 󰀔
= −(27 × 106 ) −
10003 3003
󰀓 1 1 󰀔
= −(27 × 106 ) −
109 27 · 106
27 27 973
=− 3 +1=− +1= = 0.973.
10 1000 1000
Page 4

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Problem Set – Week 11 – Class 2

Letting u = 0.05t, we have du = 0.05dt or dt = du/0.05. Then we obtain

The house cost $350,000 to build, so V (0) = 350. Hence

350 = 160e0 + C = 160 + C.

This yields C = 190. Thus

Solving yields C = 63 − 6 ln 50 ≈ 39.53. Hence

ℓ(t) = 6 ln|2t + 50| + 39.53.

3. A manufacturer’s marginal cost function is

4. A manufacturer’s marginal cost function is

5. A manufacturer’s marginal-revenue function is

6. A manufacturer’s marginal-revenue function is

Solution: The change in the manufacturer’s total revenue if production is increased

= (1000 + 2500 − 1000) − (500 + 625 − 125)

Solution: The proportion discharges by the end of 700 days is given by

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