Module 8: Measures of Position

What this module is about?

This module is about the use of appropriate measures of positions and other
statistical methods in analyzing and interpreting research data.
As you go over the different research data you will apply your knowledge
and skills related to measures of position.
Measures of position are used in educational researches and other discipline
such as medicine, marketing, and demography.
What you are expected to learn?
This module is designed for you to:
1. illustrate quartiles, deciles, and percentiles
2. calculate a specified quartile of a set of data
3. interpret quartiles, deciles, and percentiles
4. solve problems involving quartiles, deciles and percentiles
Explore Your Understanding
Let us begin our exploratory activities that will introduce the use of the
measures of position in any statistical data.
Quartiles are values that divide a set of data into four equal parts.
Each part is equal to a quarter of the data. Quartiles are calculated only after
the date have been scores. Values are said to be scored if they are arranged
in ascending order.
Activity 1: Inspect Me!
A. By inspection, find Q2.
1. 8, 9, 12, 14, 15
2. 17, 16, 9, 8, 2
3. 8, 2, 6, 7, 10, 12
4. 15, 10, 15, 16, 17, 20
5. 25, 20, 15, 16, 21, 23, 30
6. 1.5, 3.1, 4 5.7, 10.2, 8.7, 7.9
B. Find Q1,Q2 and Q3
7. 5, 9, 10, 17, 20, 37, 40
8. 103, 97, 84, 57, 21, 13, 7
9. 1.1, 1.5, 2.3, 3.0, 3.5, 3.9, 4.1, 4.1, 4.9, 6.7 , 7.0
10. 110, 102, 98, 98, 79, 66, 62, 54, 41, 30, 18

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Activity 2: Find Me More!
Directions: Find Q1, Q2, and Q3 for each of the ungrouped data.
Note: Arrange the given set of data in ascending order.

Remember this!

In solving for the quartiles, there are four cases to consider.

1. Case 1: n is odd and ½ (n -1) is odd.

2. Case 2: n is odd and ½ (n -1) is even.
3. N is even and n is divisible by 4
4. 4. Case 4: n is even and n is not divisible by 4.
1. 30, 15, 12, 16, 19, 24, 29, 26, 22

2. 13, 29, 16, 25, 20, 32, 24, 27, 30

3. 41, 24, 22, 27, 29 33, 38, 36, 31, 26

4. 20, 39, 22, 25, 31, 27, 36, 34, 24, 29

5. 31, 14, 11, 17, 19, 23, 28, 26, 21, 16, 15

…..Now let’s move on! Enjoy learning more about quartiles in

grouped Data through table.

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Activity 3: Complete Me!
Directions: Determine the quantity using the table on the heights in
centimeters of 35 students.
124 126 134 138 142 143 136
131 138 135 128 131 146 136
133 120 136 126 137 139 137
141 131 127 130 132 138 142
140 136 132 133 138 140 144

1. Find the range, and determine k, the approximate number of classes

2. Construct a frequency distribution table.

3. Find the values of

rΣf
(a). (b). lb qc ( c). cf (d) fqc (e) class interval i
4

Heights of Thirty Five Students

Class Class Tally Frequency Less Than
Intervals Boundaries Cumulative
Frequency

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Activity 4: Here’s More!
The following table shows the daily expenses in pesos of thirty
college students.

Daily Expenses Number of Students

365.40 – 397.64 3
397.64 – 429.89 8
429.90 – 462. 14 7
462.90 – 494. 39 8
494.39 – 526.64 2
526.64 – 558.89 1
558.89 – 591.14 1

1. 3. Find the values of

rΣf
(a). (b). lb qc ( c). cf (d) fqc (e) class interval i
4
2. Find Q3

DEEPEN Your Understanding

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 Let us take more challenging activities about quartiles, deciles and
percentiles.

FYI……

Measures of positions quartile, decile and percentile are also known as

fractiles or quantiles.

Activity 5: Just Sort!

Directions: Find the fifth decile for the given set of data.
Fifth decile is equal to the second quartile or the median.
1. 81, 72, 94, 66, 85, 70, 87

2. 18.1, 35.6, 81.0, 44.4, 72.5, 25.0

3. 33, 30, 32, 44, 35, 38, 37, 26, 31, 34, 44, 39, 25, 41, 37, 21, 22, 15,
42, 25

4. 26, 27, 33, 28, 33, 33, 23, 27, 29, 35, 23, 25, 31, 28, 23, 27, 29, 28,
23,20

5. 89, 72, 85, 69, 83, 73, 79, 83, 87, 93, 92, 91, 88, 87, 76, 75, 79, 80,
90, 87

Activity 6: Deciles of Grouped Data

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The following table shows the weights in kilograms of 50 high school
students.
Weights (in kg) f
40 - 42 1
43 - 45 1
46 - 48 2
49 - 51 3
52 - 54 6
55 - 57 7
58 - 60 15
61 - 63 8
64 - 66 7

a. Find the values of the variables in the formula for finding the quartiles
of grouped data

rΣf
(a). (b). lb dc ( c). cf (d) fdc (e) class interval i
4

b. Find D3, and interpret this value

Activity 7: More of Deciles

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Find D7, and interpret this value.

Heights (in centimeters) of Grade 7 Students

Heights (in cm) f

145 – 147 5
148 – 150 8
151 – 153 10
154 – 156 17
157 – 159 15
160 – 162 12
163 – 165 8
166 – 168 5
169 – 171 4
172 – 174 4
175 – 177 2

Solutions:

Activity 8: Percentiles Here I Come!

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 Percentiles are values that divide a set of data into 100 equal
parts. It is denoted by P1 , P2, P3, … P99. Percentiles are
calculated for every large data.

The formula for percentiles of grouped data is given below.

Percentiles of Grouped Data

P=lb pc +¿ ] i
Where

lb lower boundary of the percentile class

pc =

Σf = sum of the frequencies

cf = cumulative frequency of the lower class next to the percentile class
fpc= frequency of the percentile class
i = class interval

The table shows the scores in Grade 10 Mathematics of 70 students.

Scores in Grade 10 Mathematics of 70 Students

Scores f
40 - 44 3
45 – 49 6
50 - 54 2
55 – 59 7
60 – 64 9
65 – 69 11
70 - 74 12
75 – 79 6
80 – 84 5
85 – 89 3
90 – 94 4
95 – 99 2

Find P25, and P90 and interpret these values

Solutions:

Answer Key Module 8: Measures of Position

Activity 1:

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 A. Find Q2 B.
1. Q2 =12 7. Q 1 = 9, Q2=10, Q3=37
2. Q2 = 9 8. Q 1 = 13, Q2=57, Q3=97
3. Q2 = 7.5 9. Q 1 = 2.3, Q2=3.9, Q3=4.9
4. Q2 = 15.5 10. Q 1 = 41, Q2=66, Q3=98
5. Q2 = 21
6. Q2 = 5.7
Activity 2: Find Q1 = , Q2=, Q3=
1. n = 9 Case #2
Q=½(n−1)
¿ ½( 9−1)
¿ ½(8)
¿4
To solve for
th
1 1
Q1= [ ¼ ( n+1 ) – ½ ] ∧
th
[ 4
( n+1 )+
2 ]
th th
1 1 1 1
4 [
= ( 9+1 )−
2 ] =
4 [
( n+1 ) +
2 ]
10 1 10 1
= − = +
4 2 4 2
20−4 20+4
= =
8 8
16 24
= =
8 8
= 2, 2nd score is 15 = 3, 3rd score is 16
15+16
Therefore the Q1= =15.5
2
1 3 1 3 1
Q2=
2
(n+1) Q3= [ 4 ][
( n+1 )− ∧ ( n+1 ) +
2 4 2 ]
1
= ( 9+1 ) Q3=7, the 7th and 8th score
2
1
= ( 10 ) Therefore the scores are 26 and 29
2
26+29 55
= 5, 5th score is 22 Q 3= = =27.5
2 2

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 1
2. n = 9,n is odd and ( n−1) it is even , case #2
2
Q1 = 18 Q2= 25 Q3=29.5
1
3. n = 10, n is even and ( n−1) it is not divisible by 4 , case #4
2
Q1 = 26 Q2= 30.5 Q3=36
1
4. n = 10, n is even and ( n−1) it is not divisible by 4 , case #4
2
Q1 = 24 Q2= 28.5 Q3=31
1
5. n = 11,n is odd and ( n−1) it is odd , case #1
2
Q1 = 15 Q2= 19 Q3=26

Activity 3:

Solution:
a. Find the range
Range = largest value – smallest value
= 146 – 120
= 26

b. Determine k, approximate number of classes

k=6

c. Class interval

i=Ra nge/ k

26
=
6
= 4.3
i=5 rounded up ¿ the next integer

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 Heights in centimeters of 35 Students

Class Class Tally Frequency Less Than

Intervals Boundaries Cumulative
Frequency

120- 124 119.5 – 124.5 ll 2 2

125 – 129 124.5 – 129. 5 llll 4 6

130 – 134 129.5 – 134.5 llll -llll 9 15

135 – 139 134.5 – 139.5 llll – llll - ll 12 27

140 - 144 139.5 – 144.5 llll -ll 7 34

145 - 149 144.5 – 149.5 l 1 35

Σf = 35

Find the values of

rΣf 1 ( 35 )
(a). = =8.75
4 4
(b). lbqc = 129.5
( c). cf = 6
(d) fqc = 9
(e) class interval i = 5, then substitute them in the formula for finding Q 1

⅀f
r −cf
Qr = lbqc +[ 4 ]i
f qc
8.75−6
Q1 = 129.5+ [ 9
5]
= 129.5 + 1.527
= 131.027

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 = 131.03
This means that 25% of the students have heights less than or equal to
131.03 cm.

Activity 4:
Daily Expenses (in pesos) of Thirty College Students

Daily Expenses Number of Less than

Students Cumulative
(Class Intervals) Class Boundaries
Frequency
(f)
365.40 – 397.64 3 365.395 – 397.645 3
397.64 – 429.89 8 397.645 – 429.895 11
429.90 – 462. 14 7 429.895 – 462.145 18
462.90 – 494. 39 8 462.145 – 494.395 26
494.39 – 526.64 2 494.395 – 526.645 28
526.64 – 558.89 1 526.645 – 558.895 29
558.89 – 591.14 1 558.895 – 591.145 30
⅀f = 30

1. 3. Find the values of

rΣf 3 (30 )
(a). = =22.50
4 4
(b). lbqc = 462.145

( c). cf = 18
(d) fqc = 8
(e) class interval i= 32.25

2. Find Q3
⅀f
r −cf
Qr = lb qc +[ 4 ]i
f qc
22.50−18
Q3 = 462.145+ [8 ]
32.25

= 462.145 +18.141

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 = 480.286
= 480.229
This means that 75% of the students have daily expenses less than or equal
tp Php 480. 29.

Activity 5: Just Sort!

Directions: Find the fifth decile for the given set of data.
Fifth decile is equal to the second quartile or the median.
1. The fifth decile is 81
2. The fifth decile is 40
3. The fifth decile is 33.5
4. The fifth decile is 27.5
5. The fifthe decile is 85.5

Activity 6: Deciles of Grouped Data

The following table show the weights in kilograms of 50 high school
students.
Weights (in kg) f Class Less than
Boundaries Cumulative
Frequency
40 - 42 1 39.5 – 42.5 1
43 - 45 1 42.5 – 45.5 2
46 - 48 2 45.5 – 48.5 4
49 - 51 3 48.5 – 51.5 7
52 - 54 6 51.5 – 54.5 13
55 - 57 7 54.5 – 57.5 20
58 - 60 15 57.5 – 60.5 35
61 - 63 8 60.5 – 63.5 43
64 - 66 7 63.5 – 66.5 50

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 ⅀f = 50

a. Find the values of the variables in the formula for finding the quartiles
of grouped data

rΣf 3 (50 )
(a). = =15
4 10
(b). lbdc = 54.5
( c). cf = 13
(d) fdc =7
(e) class interval i= 57.5 – 54.5 = 3
b. Find D3, and interpret this value
⅀f
3 −cf
Dr = lbdc +[ 10 ]i
f dc
15−13
D3 = 54.5+ [ ]7
3

2
= 54.5+
7[]( 3)
= 54.5 + 0.857
= 55.357
= 55.36
The third decile 55.36 means that 30% of the 50 hihg school students have
weights less than or equal to 55. 36 kg.

Activity 7: More of Deciles

Find D7, and interpret this value.
Heights (in centimeters) of Grade 7 Students

Heights (in cm) f Class Boundaries Less than

Cumulative
Frequency
145 – 147 5 144.5 – 147.5 5
148 – 150 8 147.5 – 150.5 13
151 – 153 10 150.5 – 153.5 23
154 – 156 17 153.5 – 156.5 40

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 157 – 159 15 156.5 – 159.5 55
160 – 162 12 159.5 – 162.5 67
163 – 165 8 162.5 – 165.5 75
166 – 168 5 165.5 – 168.5 80
169 – 171 4 168.5 – 171.5 84
172 – 174 4 171.5 – 174.5 88
175 – 177 2 174.5 – 177.5 90
rΣf 7 ( 90 )
(a). = =63
10 10
(b). lbdc = 159.5
( c). cf = 55
(d) fdc =12
(e) class interval i= 162.5 – 159.5 = 3
c. Find D7, and interpret this value
r⅀f
−cf
Dr = lbdc +[ 10 ]i
f dc
63−55
D7 = 159.5+ [12 ]
(3)

8
= 159.5+[ ](3)
12
= 159.5 + 2
= 161.5
The 7th decile 161.5 means that 70% o fteh 50 high school students have
weights less than or equal to 161.5 kg.

Activity 8: Percentiles Here I Come!

Percentiles are values that divide a set of data into 100 equal
parts. It is denoted by P1 , P2, P3, … P99. Percentiles are
calculated for every large data.

The formula for percentiles of grouped data is given below.

Percentiles of Grouped Data

P=lb pc +¿ ] i
Where

lb lower boundary of the percentile class

pc =

Σf = sum of the frequencies 15

cf = cumulative frequency of the lower class next to the percentile class
fpc= frequency of the percentile class
i = class interval
 The table shows the scores in Grade 10 Mathematics of 70 students.

Scores in Grade 10 Mathematics of 70 Students

Scores f Class Less than

Boundaries Cumulative
Frequency
40 - 44 3 39.5 – 44.5 3
45 – 49 6 44.5 – 49.5 9
50 - 54 2 49.5 – 54.5 11
55 – 59 7 54.5 – 59.5 18
60 – 64 9 59.5 – 64.5 27
65 – 69 11 64.5 – 69.5 38
70 - 74 12 69.5 – 74.5 50
75 – 79 6 74.5 – 79.5 56
80 – 84 5 79.5 – 84.5 61
85 – 89 3 84.5 – 89.5 64
90 – 94 4 89.5 – 94.5 68
95 – 99 2 94.5 – 99.5 70

Find P25, and P90 and interpret these values

Solutions:

1. Find P25
rΣf 25 (70 )
(a). = =17.5
100 100
(b). lbpc = 54.5
( c). cf = 11
(d) fpc =7
(e) class interval i= 5
r⅀f
−cf
Pr = lb pc +[ 10 0 ]i
f pc
17.5−11
D7 = 54.5+ [ 7 ] (5)

6.5
=54.5+ [ ]7
( 5)
= 54.5+ 4.643
= 59.14

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This means that 25% of the students got scores less than or equal to 59.14. In
interpreting test scores, 25% is the percentile rank and 59.14 is the percentile point
or score of interest.

2. Solving for P90

rΣf 90 ( 70 )
(a). = =63
100 100
(b). lbpc = 84.5
( c). cf = 61
(d) fpc =3
(e) class interval i= 5
r⅀f
−cf
Pr = lbpc +[ 100 ]i
f pc
63−61
P90 = 84. 5+ [ 3 ](5)

=84.5+3.33

= 87. 83

This means that 90% of the students got scores less than or equal to 87.83

Reference:

Next Century Mathematics 10

Phoenix Publishing House, Inc.

Author (Revisor) Orines , Fernando B. Mercado, Jesus P. Esparrago,

Mirla S. Manalo ,Catalina B and Reyes, Nestor V.

Prepared by:

ANA MARIE V. REMARCA

TINGUB HIGH SCHOOL

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