Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Regional Office IX, Zamboanga Peninsula

10 Zest for Progress

Z Peal of artnership

4th QUARTER – Module 1:

MEASURES OF POSITION

Name of Learner:
Grade & Section:
Name of School:
 What I Need to Know
This module enables you to:
 illustrate the following measures of position:
a. quartiles,
b. deciles and
c. percentiles

What I Know
Directions: Choose the letter that corresponds to your answer. Write your answer on a
separate sheet.

1. Which of the following refers to data that have been bundled together or subdivided
into classes.?
A. Grouped Data B. Ungrouped Data C. Numerical Data D. Statistical Data
nd
2. What is the 2 Quartile in the set of scores: 14, 17, 10, 22, 19, 24, 8, 12 and 19? A. 13
B. 15 C. 16 D. 17
3. Which among the choices is equal to the upper quartile?
A. 1st quartile B. 75th percentile C.7th decile D. 50th percentile
4. The set of scores: 83, 77, 79, 72, 73, 86, 81, 82, 86, 74 and 74 is an example of:
A. Empirical Data B. Qualitative Data C. Grouped Data D. Ungrouped Data
5. Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A. Quartiles divide a distribution into 10 equal parts, then deciles divide a distribution
into 4 equal parts.
B. Deciles divide a distribution into 10 equal parts, then percentiles divide a
distribution into 100 equal parts.
C. Percentiles divide a distribution into 100 equal parts, then quartiles divide a
distribution into 10 equal parts
D. Quartiles divide a distribution into 4 equal parts, then percentiles divide a
distribution into 10 equal parts.

What’s In
ACTIVITY WHAT IS YOUR PART?

Directions: Perform as indicated. Write your answers on a separate sheet.

The distribution shows the score of 11 students in a special exam: 28, 29, 33, 34, 38,
39, 40, 42, 42, 43, 44.
2
 1. What is the median?
2. How many scores above the median? below the median?
3. If the distribution is divided into 4 parts, in what part is 33?
a. How many scores above 33?
b. How many scores below 33?
4. Which part would 33 fall, if the distribution is divided into 10 equal parts? 100 equal
parts?
5. How does the number of partitions affect the position of the scores?

What’s New

ACTIVITY 4PICs1Word

Directions: Form the correct word from the set of letters below the pictures. Write your
answer on a separate sheet.

M E E R S R S I O I
C A T U L T O N E P

What is another way of describing a set of data?

ANSWER: _ of

What is It

LESSON Measures of Position:

1 Quartiles, Deciles and Percentiles

3
 MODULE MAP ON MEASURES OF POSITON

Measures of position are used to locate a specific data in relation to the rest of the
data. The three measures of position referred to as quantiles are quartiles, deciles, and
percentiles.
Quantiles are useful in determining not only the middle value that divides the
distribution into two equal parts but also when determining the values that fall below the
10%, 20% or the value separating the highest 75% from the lowest 25% of a distribution.

A What are Ungrouped Data?

UNGROUPED DATA
.
grouped Data are raw data, that are not sorted into categories, classified, or otherwise grouped, usually written in numb

B What are Grouped Data?

GROUPED DATA
.
Grouped Data are data that have been organized and summarized
in tables.

Below is an example of ungrouped data transformed into grouped data.

Scores of 40 students in a Math quiz

Score Frequency Lower Cumulative
86 83 81 81 86 91 79 82
Boundaries Frequency
81 80 96 87 82 89 82 89 95 - 100 3 94.5 40
94 91 90 82 85 88 71 99 89 - 94 7 88.5 37
76 87 78 80 83 73 98 72 83 - 88 11 82.5 30
72 83 74 85 90 71 75 87 77 - 82 11 76.5 19
71 - 76 8 70.5 8
Let us take a closer look at the N=40
different measures of position.
 C What are Quartiles?

Quartiles are the score points that divide a distribution into four equal parts. The
three (3) main quartiles are denoted by 𝑄1, 𝑄2 and 𝑄3. 𝑄1 is read as 1st quartile or the lower
quartile, 𝑄2 as 2nd quartile or the median, and 𝑄3 as 3rd quartile or the upper quartile.
Meanwhile, the difference between the upper quartile (𝑄3) and lower quartile (𝑄1) is called
interquartile range (I.R.= 𝑄3 − 𝑄1). It means that 25% falling below 𝑄1 and 25% above 𝑄3,
thus 50% of the distribution fall within the interquartile range.

The figure below shows 𝑄1, 𝑄2 and 𝑄3.

Q2
Q1 or Middle Q3 or
Lower Quartile Upper
Quartile or Quartile
Median

25% 25% 25% 25%

a. 25% of the data has a value ≤ 𝑄1

b. 50% of the data has a value ≤ 𝑄2
c. 75% of the data has a value ≤ 𝑄3

D What are Deciles?

Deciles are the nine score points that divide a distribution into ten equal parts. These
deciles are denoted as 𝐷1, 𝐷2, 𝐷3, … , 𝐷9, such that 10% of the data fall below
𝐷1, 20% of the data fall below 𝐷2 and so on. Also, 𝐷1 is read as 1st decile, 𝐷2 as 2nd decile,
and so on.
𝐷1 𝐷2 𝐷3 𝐷4 𝐷5 𝐷6 𝐷7 𝐷8 𝐷9

10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10%

E What are Percentiles?

Percentiles are the ninety-nine score points that divide a distribution into one
hundred equal parts, so that each part represents 1 of the data set. These values
100
are denoted by 𝑃1, 𝑃2, …, 𝑃99, such that 1% of the data falls below𝑃1, 2% of the data fall
below 𝑃2 , and so on. Also, 𝑃1 is read as “first percentile,” as 𝑃2, “second percentile,” and so
on.
 The relationships among percentile, decile, and quartile are presented below.

25% 25% 25% 25%

𝑄1 𝑄2 𝑄3
𝑃25 𝑃50 𝑃75
The 1th quartile (𝑄1) is the same as the 25th percentile (𝑃25) and the 2nd quartile (𝑄2) is
the same as the 50th percentile (𝑃50).

This means that 25% of the data is less than or equal to 𝑄1 or 𝑃25; 50% of the data is
less than or equal to 𝑄2 or 𝑃50, and 75% of the data is less than or equal to 𝑄3 or 𝑃75.
𝑃10 𝑃20 𝑃30 𝑃40 𝑃50 𝑃60 𝑃70 𝑃80 𝑃90
𝐷1 𝐷2 𝐷3 𝐷4 𝐷5 𝐷6 𝐷7 𝐷8 𝐷9

10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10%

The 1th decile (𝐷1) is the same as the 10th percentile (𝑃10) and the 2nd decile (𝐷2) is the
same as the 20th percentile (𝑃20). This means that 10% of the data is less than or equal to 𝐷1 or
𝑃10, 20% of the data is less than or equal to 𝐷2 or 𝑃20, 30% of the data is less than or equal to
𝐷3 or 𝑃30, and so on.

EXAMPLE 1:
Given a set of scores of 15 students in their English Quiz: 15, 2, 8, 3, 11, 8, 8, 6,
9, 5, 7, 5, 12, 11 and 14. Find the lower quartile (𝑄1) or the 25th percentile
(𝑃25), upper quartile (𝑄3) or the 75th percentile (𝑃75) , and 5th decile
(𝐷5) or the 50th percentile (𝑃50) or the 2nd Quartile (𝑄2) of the data.

Solution:

Scores are sorted in ascending order: 2, 3, 5, 5, 6, 7, 8, 8, 8, 9, 11, 11, 12, 14, 15

Notice, the least value in the data is 2 and the greatest value in the data is 15

 The middle value in the data is 8, 2, 3, 5, 5, 6, 7, 8, 8, 8, 9, 11, 11, 12, 14, 15

which is the 2nd Quartile (𝑄2) or 5th
decile (𝐷5) or the 50th percentile
(𝑃50).
Median
 The lower quartile is the value that is
between the median and the least 𝑄1 𝑄3
value in the data set. So, the 𝑃25 𝑃75
 lower quartile (𝑄1) or the 25th
percentile (𝑃25) is 5.

 The upper quartile (𝑄3)is the value

that is between the middle value and
the greatest value in the data set. So,
the upper quartile (𝑄3) or the 75th
percentile (𝑃75) is 11.

Guide questions:
a. What is your observation about the quartile in ungrouped data?
decile? percentile?
b. How is median related to 𝑄2 𝐷5 and 𝑃50?
c. What is the equivalent of 𝐷1 to percentile? 𝑃90 to decile?
d. What if you have a large set of data? How do we find the median?

When dealing with large data or numbers that differ widely, it is often necessary to
group it in a frequency distribution table for a more manageable set of data. A
frequency distribution table is a tabular arrangement of data by classes together with their
corresponding frequencies. It also contains the lower class boundaries of a given score
which is minus half of the place value of the given score and the cumulative frequency
referring to the total frequency of all values greater than the upper class boundary of a given
class interval up to and including that class interval. One way of doing this is shown in the
next example.

EXAMPLE 2:

Below are the scores of 50 randomly selected students in Science exam with a class
size or width of 5. Show the location of 𝑄2, 𝐷5 𝑜𝑟 𝑃50 in the given grouped data.

Class Frequency Lower Less than Cumulative

Interval boundaries Frequency
(Scores) < 𝒄𝒇)
46-50 4 45.5 50
41-45 8 40.5 46
36-40 11 35.5 38
31-35 9 30.5 27
26-30 12 25.5 18
21-25 6 20.5 6

Solution:

Remember that 𝑄2, 𝐷5 𝑜𝑟 𝑃50 are equivalent to median hence determine the class

interval first which contains the N

( ) th score (Use N to represent the total
2
 frequency).This can be located under the column of < cf, meanwhile the class interval
that contains the N
( ) th score is called the median class of the distribution.
2

Class Frequency Lower Less than

Interval boundaries Cumulative
(Scores) Frequency
< 𝒄𝒇)
46-50 4 45.5 50
41-45 8 40.5 46 (19th-27th score) Median
36-40 11 35.5 38 Class
31-35 9 30.5 27 or Q2, D5 and P50 Class
26-30 12 25.5 18
21-25 6 20.5 6
N= 50

From the above example, the class interval 31-35 contains the classes of Q2, D5 and P50
or the Median.

Guide questions:
How many students scored within the median class?
What is the lower boundary containing the median class?
Can a median be more than one in given set? Why or Why not?
Does finding the median for grouped data differ from the ungrouped data? Why or Why not?
How are lower boundaries and cumulative frequency obtained?

What’s More
Directions: Perform as indicated. Write your answers on separate sheets.

A. (Ungrouped Data)
Ana Masipag who is an incoming Grade 10 student, assists her mother in baking
cookies which is the family’s latest home business. She also records the daily orders of their
loyal customers. The first 19 days of December shows a record of: 6, 6, 4, 5, 9, 12, 24, 3, 12,
4, 4, 6, 24, 36, 10, 3, 7, 19 and 19. Locate the following:
1. 1st Quartile
2. 5th Decile
3. 75th percentile

B. (Grouped Data)
Below are the tabular data of a survey conducted in Bagong Pag-asa Community on the
ages of students who are enrolled in Basic Education.
 Class Interval Frequency Lower <cf
(Ages) Boundaries
26-30 3 25.5 30
21-25 2 20.5 27
16-20 5 15.5 25
11-15 8 10.5 20
6-10 12 5.5 12

4. How many students are enrolled in Basic Education?

5. What is the lower boundary for students aged 22?
6. Which class interval contains the median?

What I Have Learned

ACTIVITY What’s the meaning of this?

Directions: Write a good definition of the different measures of position.

Measures of Positions My Definition

 Quartile

 Decile

 Percentile

 Grouped Data

 Ungrouped Data

What I Can Do
ACTIVITY Compare me.

Directions: Compare the two measures of position using the mathematical symbols,
<, > 𝑜𝑟 = . Then, write your reason.
 1. 𝑃20 _ 𝑄1 ; why? _
2. 𝐷5 _ 𝑄2 ; why? _ _
3. 𝑃90 𝐷9 ; why? _ _
4. Upper quartile _ Median; why? _
th
5. 25 percentile _ 3rd decile; why? _

Assessment
Directions: Read carefully each item and choose ONLY the letter that best answers the
question. Write your answer on a separate sheet.

1. This refers to the raw data which is usually written as number list.
A. Grouped Data C. Qualitative Data
B. Quantitative Data D. Ungrouped data

2. What do you call the measure of position that divides a set of data into four equal parts?
A. Quartiles B. Deciles C. Percentiles D. Quantiles

3. What do you call the score point if the distribution is divided into hundred equal parts?
A. Median B. Quartile C. Decile D. Percentile

4. What is the 5th decile in the set of scores: 14, 17, 10, 22, 10, 24, 8, 12, and 19? A. 13
B. 14 C. 15 D.16

5. Which of the following represents the highest value in a distribution?

A. 9th decile B. 3rd quartile C. 5th Decile D. 88th percentile

6. Which of the following is equal to the lower quartile?

A. 1 B. 𝑄3 C. 𝑃25 D. 𝐷1

7. Which of the following statement is NOT correct about quartiles?

A. 25% of the data has a value ≤ 𝑄1
B. 50% of the data has a value ≤ 𝑄3
C. 75% of the data has a value ≤ 𝑄3
D. 75% of the data has a value greater than Q1.

8. In which point of the distribution does 75% of the cases or less lie?
A. 3rd decile B. 7th percentile C. 3rd quartile D. 1st quartile

9. Which of the following is NOT a measure of position?

A. Quartile B. Median C. Decile D. Percentile

10. A type of data that has been categorized or bundled together.

A. grouped data B. frequency table C. ungrouped data D. raw data