BASIC CALCULUS

Name of Learner: _________________________________ Grade Level: __________

Section: _________________________________________ Date: ________________

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET

LIMITS
Background Information for Learners
Calculus is the branch of mathematics that involves the study of rate of change.
Before calculus was invented, mathematics was only dealt with static matters – it could
only help calculate objects that were perfectly still. But the universe is constantly moving
and changing. No object is always at rest. As everything is constantly moving, Calculus
helps determine how the cells or the stars actually move and change.
In this learning activity sheet, you will learn the fundamental concept of calculus,
the limits. Limit allows us to examine the tendency of a function around a given point even
when the function is not defined at the point. An analogy for starters, imagine that you are
going to watch a basketball game where you would want to get a seat as close as possible
and have the best view of the game. It is as if you were in the basketball court yourself.
Take note that you cannot actually be in the court and join the players, but you will be close
enough to describe clearly what is happening in the game.
This is how it is with limits of functions. We will consider functions of a single
variable and study the behavior of the function as its independent variable approaches a
particular value (a constant).

Learning Competency with Code

• Illustrate the limit of a function using table of values and graph of the function
(STEM_BC11LC-IIIa-1)
• Distinguish between lim 𝑓(𝑥) and 𝑓 (𝑐 ) (STEM_BC11LC-IIIa-2)
𝑥→𝑐
• Illustrate Limit Laws (STEM_BC11LC-IIIa-3)
• Apply the limit in evaluating the limit of algebraic functions: polynomial, rational
and radical (STEM_BC11LC-IIIa-4)

Reminder: You need to bring out your pen, scratch papers and
calculators in order to answer the activities correctly. Your goal
is to familiarize yourself with the concept of Limit which will
serve as your foundation for the upcoming lessons.

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Directions

Following are activities on the limit of a function. Study the illustrative examples and
answer the items given. You may contact your teacher to ask for assistance.

Activity 1: Palitan Mo Na si X!

Directions: Substitute the given value of x to the following functions. Express your answers in
decimal form up to 4 decimal places.

Example:
A. 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 2𝑥 + 5 , 𝑥 = 5, 6
Solution:
𝑓 (5) = 2(5) + 5 = 10 + 5 = 15
𝑓 (6) = 2(6) + 5 = 12 + 5 = 17

1. 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 5𝑥 − 4, 𝑥 = 3, 4

2. 𝑔(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 + 2, 𝑥 = 4, 5

3. 𝑔(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 2 + 1, 𝑥 = 4, 5

4. ℎ(𝑥 ) = 2𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 1, 𝑥 = 1, 2

5. 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 4 − 𝑥 2 , 𝑥 = 4, 5

𝑥+4
6. 𝑚(𝑥 ) = 𝑥−3 𝑥 = 2, 4

4−𝑥 2
7. ℎ(𝑥 ) = , 𝑥 = 4, 5
𝑥+2

8. 𝑛(𝑥 ) = √2𝑥 − 4, 𝑥 = 2, 3

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 Activity 2: Table, Table, Paano Ka Ginawa?

Direction: Complete the table of values by substituting the value of x stated in each cell. You
don’t need to write your solution. You may use of your calculator.

Given: 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 1 + 3𝑥

Table 1: x approaches 2 from the left (−) Table 2: x approaches 2 from the right (+)

𝑥 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑥 𝑓(𝑥)
Example: 𝑓 (1) = 1 + 3(1) Example: 𝑓 (1) = 1 + 3(3)
x=1 = 𝟒 x=3 = 𝟏𝟎
x = 1.4 5.2 x = 2.5
x = 1.7 6.1 x = 2.2
x = 1.9 6.7 x = 2.1
x = 1.95 6.85 x = 2.03
x = 1.997 6.991 x = 2.009
x = 1.9999 6.9997 x = 2.0005

Given: 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 1

Table 3: x approaches −1 from the left (−) Table 4: X approaches −1 from the right (+)
𝑥 𝑔(𝑥) 𝑥 𝑔(𝑥)
Example: 𝑔(1) = (−1.5)2 + 3 Example: 𝑔(1) = (−0.5)2 + 1
x = −1.5 = 2.25 + 1 x = −0.5 = 0.25 + 1
= 𝟑. 𝟐𝟓 = 𝟏. 𝟐𝟓

x = −1.2 x = −0.8

x = −1.01 x = −0.99

x = −1.0001 x = −0.9999

In this activity, we actually illustrated the limit of a function using table of

values. Table 1 shows the limit of the function 𝑓(𝑥) as the value of x
approaches 2 from the left. You can observe that the value of 𝑓(𝑥) is
approaching 7. Thus, the limit of the function 𝑓 (𝑥 ) as x approaches 2 from
the left is 7. We write this as:

𝐥𝐢𝐦 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝟕
𝒙→𝟐−

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Based on your answers from the previous activity;
1. What is the limit of 𝑓 (𝑥 ) as x approaches 2 from the left?
lim 𝑓(𝑥) = ___7____
𝑥→2−
2. What is the limit of 𝑓 (𝑥 ) as x approaches 2 from the right?
lim 𝑓(𝑥) = ________
𝑥→2+
3. What is the limit of 𝑔(𝑥 ) as x approaches -1 from the left?
lim 𝑔(𝑥) = ________
𝑥→−1 −
4. What is the limit of 𝑔(𝑥 ) as x approaches -1 from the right?
lim 𝑔(𝑥) = ________
𝑥→−1+

𝑥+1 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 < 4
lim 𝑔(𝑥) = { 2
𝑥→4 (𝑥 − 4) + 3 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 ≥ 4

In determining the limit From the left From the right

of a function, it is necessary to 𝑥 𝑔(𝑥) 𝑥 𝑔(𝑥)
check the limit at both sides; the 3.9 4.9 4.1 3.01
limit as x approaches from the 3.99 4.99 4.01 3.0001
left and the limit as x approaches 3.999 4.999 4.001 3.000001
from the right. In order for a 3.9999 4.9999 4.0001 ≈3
limit to exist, the limits from lim 𝑔(𝑥 ) = 𝟓 lim 𝑔(𝑥 ) = 𝟑
𝑥→4− 𝑥→4+
both sides must be equal.
Since,
𝐥𝐢𝐦 𝒈(𝒙) = 𝟓 ≠ 𝟑 = 𝐥𝐢𝐦 𝒈(𝒙)
𝒙→𝟒− 𝒙→𝟒+
EXAMPLE: The limit of the Then,
function 𝑔(𝑥) as 𝑥 approaches 4. 𝐥𝐢𝐦 𝒈(𝒙) 𝑫𝑵𝑬
𝒙→𝟒
Note: There are no more + or – symbol in the limit
operator. It means we are getting the limit at both
sides.

So limit do not exist when the left-side limit and the right-side limit are
not equal. In such cases when we are asked of the limit of the function,
we simply write DNE which stands for Does Not Exist. Remember, do
not place an equal sign (=) when the limit does not exist.
Based on your answer on my questions above, if 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 1 + 3𝑥 and
𝑔(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 2 + 1, what is
5. lim 𝑓(𝑥) = ______________
𝑥→2

6. lim 𝑔(𝑥) = _____________

𝑥→−1

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 Activity 3: DNE or Hindi

Direction: Using table of values, determine the limits of the following functions at the indicated
value of x.

Example:
10
lim
𝑥→3 𝑥−2
= 10 1.
10
lim 𝑥−2 ________________
𝑥→7

x f(x) x f(x)
2.9 11.11111 6.9
2.99 10.10101 6.99
2.9999 10.00100 6.9999

x f(x)
x f(x)
3.1 9.090909
7.1
3.01 9.900990
7.01
3.0001 9.9990001
7.0001
Both limits approached the value of 10.

2𝑥+1 1
2. lim ________________ 3. lim ________________
𝑥→2 𝑥−3 𝑥→0 𝑥

x f(x) x f(x)
1.9 -0.1
1.99 -0.01
1.9999 -0.001

x f(x) x f(x)
2.1 0.1
2.01 0.01
2.0001 0.001

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 Getting the Limit Using Graph
If one knows the graph of the function, it will be a lot easier to determine its
limits as x approaches given values of c.
Approaches 2 from the left
Example 1:
The graph of 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑥 2 + 1 is
shown on the right.

It can be seen from the graph

that as the values of x approach -1 from
left and right, the values of f(x) approach 2.

Since the values approach 2, then

the limit of this function as x approaches -1 is 2.

Example 2:
Approaches 2 from the right
𝑥+1 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 < 4
𝑓 (𝑥 ) = ൜ 2
(𝑥 − 4) + 3 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 ≥ 4
Approaches 3 from the right
Evaluating the limit of the function as
x approaches 4, it can be seen on the
graph that the left-side limit is 5 and
the right-side limit is 3. Since the limits
of the two sides are not equal, then the
limit does not exist.

Approaches 5 from the left

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 Activity 4: Investigate!

Direction: Determine the limit of the function on each graph stated on each item. Determine
also the value of that function at that specific value of x.

Defined

Not Defined

𝑓(𝑐) lim 𝑓(𝑥) Is 𝑓 (𝑐 ) = lim 𝑓 (𝑥 )?

𝑥→ 𝑐 𝑥→ 𝑐
Example: Looking at the graph, there As x approaches -3 from the left
c = −3 is a hole at x = −3. Thus, side, the limit is 1.
the function value at As x approaches -3 from the
x = −3 𝐃𝐨𝐞𝐬 𝐍𝐨𝐭 𝐄𝐱𝐢𝐬𝐭. right side, the limit is 1 DNE ≠ 1
Since the side limits are equal,
therefore the limit as x
approaches -3 is 1.
Ans: f(1) DNE 𝐀𝐧𝐬 ∶ lim 𝑓(𝑥) = 1 Ans: NO
𝑥→ 1
Example: At x = −1, the graph is As x approaches -1 from the left
c = −1 defined and the function side, the limit is 1 1 ≠ DNE
value is 1. As x approaches -1 from the
right side, the limit is 3
Unequal side-limits,
Ans: f(-1) = 1 Ans: lim 𝑓(𝑥) DNE Ans: NO
𝑥→ −1

c=1

c=3

c=5

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 LIMIT LAWS / LIMIT THEOREMS
Without table of values and without graphing of functions, the limit can be
determined using the Eight Limit Laws.
1. The limit of a constant is itself. If k is any constant, then 𝐥𝐢𝐦 𝒌 = 𝒌
𝒙→𝒄
Example: a. lim 2 = 2
𝑥→3
b. lim 3.14 = 3.14
𝑥→√3
2. The limit of x as x approaches c is equal to c. 𝐥𝐢𝐦 𝒙 = 𝒙
𝒙→𝒄
Example: a. lim 𝑥 = 8
𝑥→8
b. lim 𝑥 = −4
𝑥→−4
3. The Constant Multiple Theorem: 𝐥𝐢𝐦 𝒌𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒌 ∗ 𝐥𝐢𝐦 𝒌𝒇(𝒙)
𝒙→𝒄 𝒙→𝒄
Example: If lim 𝑓(𝑥) = 4, then
𝑥→𝑐
a. lim 2𝑓(𝑥) = 2 ∗ lim 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 2 ∗ 4 = 8
𝑥→𝑐 𝑥→𝑐

For the next theorems, we will assume the limits of the following functions.
lim 𝑓(𝑥) = 8 lim 𝑔(𝑥 ) = 5
𝑥→𝑐 𝑥→𝑐

4. Addition Theorem: 𝐥𝐢𝐦( 𝒇(𝒙) ± 𝒈(𝒙) ) = lim 𝑓(𝑥) ± lim 𝑔(𝑥)

𝒙→𝒄 𝑥→𝑐 𝑥→𝑐

Example: a. 𝐥𝐢𝐦( 𝒇(𝒙) + 𝒈(𝒙) ) = lim 𝑓 (𝑥 ) + lim 𝑔(𝑥 )

𝒙→𝒄 𝑥→𝑐 𝑥→𝑐
= 8 + 5 =13
b. 𝐥𝐢𝐦 𝒇 𝒙) − 𝒈(𝒙) ) = lim 𝑓(𝑥 ) − lim 𝑔(𝑥 )
( (
𝒙→𝒄 𝑥→𝑐 𝑥→𝑐
= 8 − 5 =3

5. Multiplication Theorem: 𝐥𝐢𝐦( 𝒇(𝒙) ∗ 𝒈(𝒙) ) = lim 𝑓(𝑥) ∗ lim 𝑔(𝑥)

𝒙→𝒄 𝑥→𝑐 𝑥→𝑐

Example: a. 𝐥𝐢𝐦( 𝒇(𝒙) ∗ 𝒈(𝒙) ) = lim 𝑓 (𝑥 ) ∗ lim 𝑔(𝑥 )

𝒙→𝒄 𝑥→𝑐 𝑥→𝑐
= 8 ∗ 5 = 40

𝒇(𝒙) lim 𝑓(𝑥)

6. Division Theorem: 𝐥𝐢𝐦 𝒈(𝒙) = 𝑥→𝑐 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 lim 𝑔(𝑥) ≠ 0.
𝒙→𝒄 lim 𝑔(𝑥) 𝑥→𝑐
𝑥→𝑐

𝑓(𝑥) lim 𝑓(𝑥) 8

𝑥→𝑐
Example: a. lim 𝑔(𝑥) = lim 𝑔(𝑥)
=5
𝑥→𝑐 𝑥→𝑐

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 LIMIT LAWS / LIMIT THEOREMS
lim 𝑓(𝑥) = 8 lim 𝑔(𝑥 ) = 5
𝑥→𝑐 𝑥→𝑐

7. Power Theorem: 𝐥𝐢𝐦(𝒇(𝒙))𝒑 = (lim 𝑓(𝑥))𝒑

𝒙→𝒄 𝑥→𝑐

Example: a. lim(𝑓 (𝑥 ))2 = (lim 𝑓(𝑥))2 = (8)2 = 64

𝑥→𝑐 𝑥→𝑐

8. Radical Root Theorem: 𝐥𝐢𝐦 𝒏ඥ𝒇(𝒙) = 𝑛ටlim 𝑓(𝑥)

𝒙→𝒄 𝑥→𝑐

3
Example: lim 3ඥ𝑓(𝑥) = 3ටlim 𝑓(𝑥) = √8 = 2
𝑥→𝑐 𝑥→𝑐

Based on the previous activities and on the Limit Laws, you must have
concluded that
1. Getting the limit of a function as x approaches value c, the first thing
you need to do is to substitute the value of c to x (shortcut);
2. However, not at all times is the limit of a function defined so
substitution may not always be possible; and
3. Not at all times is the limit of a function equal to f(c) even though it
is defined, as illustrated in activity 4.

Activity 5: I Know the Law!

PART A: Direction: Evaluate the limit of the following function by using the LIMIT LAWS.

GIVEN: lim 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 1 lim 𝑔(𝑥 ) = −1 and lim ℎ(𝑥 ) = 2

𝑥→𝑐 𝑥→𝑐 𝑥→𝑐

Example: lim( 𝑓(𝑥 ) + 𝑔(𝑥 ) )

𝑥→𝑐
Solution: 1. lim( 𝑓 (𝑥 ) − 𝑔(𝑥 ) − ℎ(𝑥) )
𝑥→𝑐
lim( 𝑓 (𝑥 ) + 𝑔(𝑥 ) )
𝑥→𝑐
= lim 𝑓(𝑥 ) + lim 𝑔(𝑥 )
𝑥→𝑐 𝑥→𝑐
= (1) + (-1)
= 0

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 2. lim( 3𝑔(𝑥 ) + 5ℎ(𝑥 ) )
𝑥→𝑐

3. lim(ℎ(𝑥 ))5
𝑥→𝑐

1
4. lim 𝑓(𝑥)−ℎ(𝑥)
𝑥→𝑐

𝑔(𝑥)−𝑓(𝑥)
5. lim
𝑥→𝑐 ℎ(𝑥)

PART B: Evaluate the following limits of a function using the limit laws.

Example:
√2𝑥+5
lim → In this example, we have a radical, division, multiple and
𝑥→2 1−3𝑥
addition/subtraction Limit laws.

The first thing to do is to apply Limit Laws or substitution.

√2𝑥+5 ඥ2(2)+5 √4+5 √9 3 𝟑

lim = = = −5 = = −𝟓
𝑥→2 1−3𝑥 1−3(2) 1−6 −5

1. lim (1 + 3√𝑥)(2 − 𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 3 ) =
𝑥→1

𝑡 2 −1
2. lim =
𝑡→−2 𝑡 2 +3𝑡−1

3
2𝑦+𝑦 2
3. lim ( 𝑦 2 +4 ) =
𝑦→2

4−3𝑧 2 −𝑧 3
4. lim =
𝑧→−2 6−𝑧−𝑧 2

√𝑥 2 +3−2
5. lim =
𝑥→−1 𝑥 2 +1

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 Rubric in Scoring the Solution in Activities 1, 5-A, 5-B
Per Item Level 1 (0 pt.) Level 2 (1 pt.) Level 3 (2 pts.) Level 4 (3 pts.)
Output only
Output only
Output displays displays first Output displays
displays the
no attempt to part of the complete
Amount of Work answer but
solve and no solution, or solution with
showed partial
answer given. answer but no correct answer.
solution.
solution.

Output displays Output displays Output displays Output displays

no limited partial full
Quality of
understanding understanding understanding understanding
Output
of concept of concept of concept of concept
taken. taken. taken. taken.

GOOD JOB! You are able to finish answering all the activities
on limits of a function. I hope that you will not forget what
you have learned in this activity sheet because you will be
using it on the upcoming activities in Basic Calculus.

Limits describe how a function behaves near a point, instead

of at that point. We can get the limit of a function by creating
a table of values or by observing its graph. The limit laws
help us identify the relationship of getting the limit of
complex functions such as polynomials, rational and
radical functions.

I have learned that _________________________________

________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________

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ANSWER KEY

ACTIVITY 1: Palitan Mo Na si X!

1. 5(3) − 4 = 15 − 4 = 11 2+4 6
6. = = −6
5(4) − 4 = 20 − 4 = 16 2−3 −1
4+4 8
= =8
2. 2. (4) + 2 = 6 4−3 1
(5) + 2 = 7
4−(4)2 4−16 −12
7.
(4)+2
= = = −2
2
4+2 6
3. 4 + 1 = 16 + 1 = 17
52 + 1 = 25 + 1 = 26 4 − (5)2 4 − 25 −21
= = = −3
(5) + 2 5+2 7
4. 2(1)2 − 3(1) + 1 = 2 − 3 + 1 = 0
2(2)2 − 3(2) + 1 = 8 − 6 + 1 = 3 8. ඥ2(2) − 4 = √4 − 4 = 0

5. 5. 4 − (4)2 = 4 − 16 = −12 ඥ2(3) − 4 = √6 − 4 = √2 𝑜𝑟 1.4142

4 − (5)2 = 4 − 25 = −21

Activity 2: Table, Table, Paano Ka Ginawa?

TABLE 3
TABLE 2 𝑔 (𝑥 ) = 𝑥 2 + 1
𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 1 + 3𝑥 x approaches −1 from the left (-)
x approaches 2 from the right (+) 𝑥 𝑔(𝑥)
𝑥 𝑓(𝑥) Example: 𝑔(1) = (−1.5)2 + 3
Example: 𝑓 (1) = 1 + 3(3) x = −1.5 = 2.25 + 1 = 𝟑. 𝟐𝟓
x=3 = 𝟏𝟎 x = −1.2 2.44
8.5 x = −1.01 2.0201
x = 2.5 x = −1.0001 2.00020001
7.6
x = 2.2
7.3
x = 2.1
7.09 TABLE 4
x = 2.03 𝑔 (𝑥 ) = 𝑥 2 + 1
7.027 x approaches −1 from the right (+)
x = 2.009 𝑥 𝑔(𝑥)
7.0015 Example: 𝑔(1) = (−0.5)2 + 1
x = 2.0005 x = −0.5 = 0.25 + 1 = 𝟏. 𝟐𝟓
x = −0.8 1.64
x = −0.99 1.9801
x = −0.9999 1.99980001

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Activity 2 (Monologue Box)

1. What is the limit of f(x) as x approaches 2 from the left?

lim 𝑓(𝑥) = ___7_____
𝑥→2−
2. What is the limit of 𝑓(𝑥 ) as x approaches 2 from the right?
lim 𝑓(𝑥) = ___7_____
𝑥→2+
3. What is the limit of 𝑔(𝑥 ) as x approaches -1 from the left?
lim 𝑔(𝑥) = ___2____
𝑥→−1 −
4. What is the limit of 𝑔(𝑥 ) as x approaches -1 from the right?
lim 𝑔(𝑥) = ___2___
𝑥→−1+

5. lim 𝑓(𝑥) = _____7______

𝑥→2

6. lim 𝑔(𝑥) = ____2______

𝑥→−1

Activity 3: DNE o Hindi!

10 2𝑥+1
1. lim = _______2______ 2. lim = ______5_________
𝑥→7 𝑥−2 𝑥→2 𝑥−3

x f(x) x f(x)
6.9 2.040816 1.9 -4.363636
6.99 2.004008 1.99 -4.930693
6.9999 2.000040 1.9999 -4.999300

x f(x) x f(x)
7.1 1.960784 2.1 -5.777777
7.01 1.996007 2.01 -5.070707
7.0001 1.999960 2.0001 -5.000700

1
4. lim 𝑥 ______DNE_____
𝑥→0

x f(x)
-0.1 -10
-0.01 -100
-0.001 -1000

x f(x)
0.1 10
0.01 100
0.001 1000

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Activity 4: Investigate!

ACTIVITY 4
𝑓(𝑐) lim 𝑓(𝑥) Is 𝑓 (𝑐 ) = lim 𝑓 (𝑥 )?
𝑥→ 𝑐 𝑥→ 𝑐

… … … …
c =1 -1 -1 YES
c =3 DNE DNE NO
c =5 5 5 YES

Activity 5: I Know the Law!

Activity 5 Activity 5
PART A PART A
1. lim( 𝑓 (𝑥 ) − 𝑔(𝑥 ) − ℎ(𝑥 )) 4. lim 𝑓(𝑥)−ℎ(𝑥)
1
𝑥→𝑐 𝑥→𝑐
= lim 𝑓(𝑥) − lim 𝑔(𝑥 ) − lim ℎ(𝑥 ) lim 1
𝑥→𝑐 𝑥→𝑐 𝑥→𝑐 = lim 𝑓(𝑥𝑥→𝑐
= (1) − (−1) − 2 𝑥→𝑐
)− lim ℎ(𝑥)
𝑥→𝑐
=0 1
= 1−2
2. lim( 3𝑔(𝑥 ) + 5ℎ(𝑥 ) )
𝑥→𝑐 = −1
= lim 3𝑔(𝑥 ) + lim 5ℎ(𝑥 ) 𝑔(𝑥)−𝑓(𝑥)
𝑥→𝑐 𝑥→𝑐 5. lim
𝑥→𝑐 ℎ(𝑥)
= 3(-1) + 5(2) lim 𝑔(𝑥)− lim 𝑓(𝑥)
𝑥→𝑐 𝑥→𝑐
= -3 + 10 = lim ℎ(𝑥)
=7 𝑥→𝑐

3. lim(ℎ(𝑥 ))5 (−1)−(1)

𝑥→𝑐 =
(2)
= (lim ℎ(𝑥))5
𝑥→𝑐 = −1
5
= (2)
= 32

Activity 5
PART B
3
1. lim (1 + 3√𝑥)(2 − 𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 3 ) = (1 + ඥ(1))(2 − (1)2 + 3(1)3
𝑥→1
= (1 + 1)(2 − 1 + 3)
= (2)(4)
= 8

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 ACTIVITY 5
PART B
𝑡 2 −1 (−2)2 −1
2. lim =
𝑡→−2 𝑡 2 +3𝑡−1 (−2)2 +3(−2)−1

4−1
= 4−6−1

3
= −3
= −1
3 3
2𝑦+𝑦 2 2(2)+(2)2
3. lim ( ) = ( )
𝑦→2 𝑦 2 +4 (2)2 +4
4+4 3
= (4+4)
8 3
= (8)
= 1
4−3𝑧 2 −𝑧 3 4−3(−2)2 −(−2)3
4. lim =
𝑧→−2 6−𝑧−𝑧 2 6−(−2)−(−2)2

4−3(4)−(−8)
= 6−(−2)−(4)

4−12+8
= 6+2−4
= 0
√𝑥 2 +3−2 ඥ(−1)2 +3−2
5. lim =
𝑥→−1 𝑥 2 +1 (−1)2 +1
√1+3−2
= 1+1
√4−2
= 2
= 0

References:

A. Books
a. Basic Calculus Teacher’s Guide First Edition 2016
b. “What is Calculus? Definition and Practical Applications” by Deb Russell (January
21 2020). Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/definition-of-calculus-2311607, July 2020.

Prepared by:

CESAR O. CASTILLO JR.

Solano High School

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