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Week 1 Introduction To The Limits of A Functions

1. Limits describe the value a function approaches as the input changes, even if it never exactly reaches that value. 2. In Example 2, the limit as x approaches 2 from both sides is 2, since the function values approach 2 from the left and right. 3. In Example 3, the limit as x approaches 0 from both sides is 0, since the function values approach 0 from both directions.

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Denize Khate
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209 views

Week 1 Introduction To The Limits of A Functions

1. Limits describe the value a function approaches as the input changes, even if it never exactly reaches that value. 2. In Example 2, the limit as x approaches 2 from both sides is 2, since the function values approach 2 from the left and right. 3. In Example 3, the limit as x approaches 0 from both sides is 0, since the function values approach 0 from both directions.

Uploaded by

Denize Khate
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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LIMITS AND

CONTINUITY
INTRODUCTION TO THE LIMITS OF A FUNCTION
INTR0DUCTION

•Limits are the backbone of calculus

•Calculus is called the Mathematics of


Change
INTR0DUCTION
•The definition of a limit in
calculus is the value that a
function gets close to but never
surpasses as the input changes.
INTR0DUCTION
Imagine that you are going to watch a basketball game.
When you choose seats, you would want to be as close to
the action as possible. You would want to be as close to the
players as possible and have the best view of the game, as
if you were in the basketball court yourself. Take note that
you cannot actually be in the court and join the players, but
you will be close enough to describe clearly what is
happening in the game.
DEFINITION OF THE LIMIT OF A
FUNCTION
 Consider a function f of a single variable x.
 Consider a constant c which the variable x will approach.
 The limit, to be denoted by L, is the unique real value
that f(x) will approach as x approaches c.
 
=L
  EXAMPLE 1:
Approaching 2 from its left or through Approaching 2 from its right or through
values less but close than 2. values greater than but close 2.

𝐥𝐢𝐦 ( 𝟏+𝟑 𝒙 ) =𝟕
 
𝒙→𝟐
  EXAMPLE 2: 1)

Approaching -1 from its left or through Approaching -1 from its right or through
values less but close than -1. values greater than but close -1.

 
=2
  EXAMPLE 3: /

Approaching 0 from its left or through Approaching 0 from its right or through
values less but close than 0. values greater than but close 0.

 
/=0
•  
Example 4:
Approaching 1 from its left or through Approaching 1 from its right or through
values less but close than 1. values greater than but close 1.

 
= -3
•  
EXAMPLE 5:
if f(x) = x+1 if x < 4
+3 if x ≥ 4.
Approaching 4 from its left or through values Approaching 4 from its right or through
less but close than 4. values greater than but close 4.

𝐥𝐢𝐦 𝒇 ( 𝒙 ) 𝒅𝒐𝒆𝒔 𝒏𝒐𝒕 𝒆𝒙𝒊𝒔𝒕 𝒐𝒓 𝑫𝑵𝑬


 

𝒙→𝟒
REMARKS:
•    

X WRONG  CORRECT
 “equals DNE”  DNE
 = DNE  does not exist
REMARKS
•  
=L

• If x approaches c from the left, or through values less than c,


then we write .

• If x approaches c from the right, or through values greater than


c, then we write .
REMARKS:
•  

DNE

These limits, and , are also referred to as one-sided limits,


since you only consider values on one side of c.
SUMMARY:
•  in our very first illustration that because
and .

• in Example 2, = 2 since
= 2 and = 2.

• in Example 3, / = 0 since
/ = 0 and / = 0 .

• in Example 4, = -3 since = -3 and = -3 .

• in Example 5, because ≠ .
LOOKING AT
THE GRAPH OF
Y = F(X)
f(x) = 1 + 3x =7
 

=2
 
/ =0
𝟐
𝒙 − 𝟓 𝒙 +𝟒
 

𝐥𝐢𝐦 = -3
𝒙 → 𝟏 𝒙 −𝟏
 
𝐥𝐢𝐦 𝒇(𝒙)
 

=3
𝒙→𝟑
 
lim 𝑔 ( 𝑥)   𝑫𝑵𝑬
𝑥→ 3
𝐥𝐢𝐦 𝒇 ( 𝒙 ) DNE
 

𝒙 → −𝟑
  𝐥𝐢𝐦 𝒇 ( 𝒙 =) -5. 7
𝒙 → −𝟔
 𝐥𝐢𝐦 𝒇 ( 𝒙 ) DNE
𝒙→𝟒
 
1.
 
2.
 
3.
 
4.
 
5.
 
6.
 
7.
 
8.
 
9.
 
10.

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