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Assignment # 01: Fundamental of Fluid Mechanics (Ch. E-201)

The document is an assignment submission for a fluid mechanics course. It includes responses to Question 1 which asks to explain six fluid properties - compressibility, specific gravity, pressure, vapor pressure, surface tension, and viscosity - for both liquids and gases separately. For each property, brief explanations are given for how it applies to liquids and gases.

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Ahmed Imran
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41 views

Assignment # 01: Fundamental of Fluid Mechanics (Ch. E-201)

The document is an assignment submission for a fluid mechanics course. It includes responses to Question 1 which asks to explain six fluid properties - compressibility, specific gravity, pressure, vapor pressure, surface tension, and viscosity - for both liquids and gases separately. For each property, brief explanations are given for how it applies to liquids and gases.

Uploaded by

Ahmed Imran
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Assignment # 01

Fundamental of Fluid Mechanics (Ch. E-201)


Submitted to:
Mr. Usman Asghar
Submitted by:
Ahmed Imran
Reg No:
UW-20-CHE-BSC-026
Semester:
3rd

Department of Chemical Engineering


Wah Engineering College
University of Wah

Q No.1: explain the following fluid properties for both liquid and gas separately?
1. Compressibility:
Compressibility is the property of being reduced to a smaller space by pressure. This
property is a consequence of porosity, and the change of bulk comes from the particles
being brought closer together by the pressure.
For liquid:
In liquids, there is some space between the particles and is Compressible, but it requires
a high amount of pressure to compress them.
For gas:
In gases, there is a large space between the particles and hence is highly Compressible.

2. Specific Gravity:
Specific gravity is defined as the ratio of the density of the solid part of a material to the
density of water at 20°C.
For liquid:
The specific gravity of a liquid is the relative weight of that liquid compared to an equal
volume of water. Water has a density of 1 kg/l at 4°C. When the specific gravity is
defined based on water at 4°C, then the specific gravity is equal to the density of the
liquid.
For gas:
In case of gases means density of the gases with respect to density of air which is also
equal to molar mass of that gas w.r.t molar mass of air. Gas specific gravity is defined as
the ratio of the density of the gas to the density of air at 1 atm pressure at 60°F (standard
conditions). Gas specific gravity is easy to measure at the wellhead and is used as an
indication of the composition of the gas

3. Pressure:
The pressure of a fluid is the force applied by it per unit area.
For liquid:
The pressure in a liquid increases with depth. The pressure of water is highest at the
lowest point of the cylinder as the water spurts out the furthest from this point.
The pressure in a liquid does not depend on the shape or size of the container.
The pressure in a liquid acts in all direction pressure exerted in directly related to its
density.
For gas:
Gas molecules are in constant motion. They exert pressure, or force per unit area, on the
interior surface of their container. The pressure varies according to the amount of gas
confined to a given container's volume, the temperature and the pressure.

4. Vapor Pressure:
Vapor pressure can be defined as the pressure exerted by a vapor with its condensed
phases in a closed system at a given temperature.
For liquid:
Vapor pressure is a measure of the tendency of a material to change into the gaseous or
vapor state, and it increases with temperature. The temperature at which the vapor
pressure at the surface of a liquid becomes equal to the pressure exerted by the
surroundings is called the boiling point of the liquid.
For gas:
In chemistry, vapor pressure is the pressure that is exerted on the walls of a sealed
container when a substance in it evaporates (converts to a gas).

5. Surface tension:
Surface tension is the tendency of liquid surfaces at rest to shrink into the minimum
surface area possible.
For Liquid:
Surface tension is the property of a liquid’s surface that resists force and itis caused by
unbalanced forces on surface molecules that pull toward the main part of the liquid.
For gas:
Surface tension depends mainly upon the forces of attraction between the particles
within the given liquid and also upon the gas, solid, or liquid in contact with it. An
increase in temperature lowers the net force of attraction among molecules and hence
decreases surface tension.

6. Viscosity:
Viscosity, resistance of a fluid (liquid or gas) to a change in shape, or movement of
neighboring portions relative to one another. Viscosity denotes opposition to flow.
For liquid:
The viscosity of a fluid is a measure of its resistance to deformation at a given rate. For
liquids, it corresponds to the informal concept of "thickness": for example, syrup has a
higher viscosity than water.
For gas:
The viscosity of a gas can be thought of as a measure of its resistance to flow and is
measured in the CGS unit Poise = dyne sec/cm2. The viscosity of gases near room
temperature are in the centi Poise range, so that is a commonly used unit. Gas viscosity
is only weakly dependent on pressure near atmospheric pressure. Most ordinary liquids
have viscosities on the order of 1 to 1,000 mPa s, while gases have viscosities on the
order of 1 to 10 μPa s.

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