Task Performance

Research Paper Outline

I. Background
a. The Swedish Viking age lasted roughly from the 8th century to the 11th century.
Sweden joined the European Union in 1995, but voters rejected adoption of the
euro in 2003. The influx of large numbers of migrants since 2015, a terrorist attack in
2017, and rising gang violence have made immigration a central political issue. In
January 2019, despite a poor showing in the September 2018 elections and after
months of stalemate, Prime Minister Stefan Löfven was able to form a minority
center-left Social Democratic Party–Green Party governing coalition. Maintaining
that coalition could prove difficult, however. The populist Sweden Democrats party,
campaigning to restrict immigration, placed third in the elections. Timber,
hydropower, and iron ore constitute the resource base of a vibrant and outward-
oriented manufacturing-based economy. Sweden became known to the rest of the
world through the Vikings who emerged in the 9th century to raid much of northern
Europe. In the centuries to come, Sweden would become a Christian kingdom. In
1397 Sweden united with Denmark, Norway, and Finland in the Kalmar Union led by
Queen Margaret of Denmark. Eventually Sweden left the union. In the 16th century
there was an attempt to restore the Kalmar Union. Gustav Vasa led the fight to stay
independent. He established the foundation for today's modern Sweden and also
broke from the Catholic Church with the Reformation. In the 17th century the
Kingdom of Sweden reached the peak of its power. It controlled areas of Denmark,
Russia, Finland, and northern Germany. However, Russia, Poland, and Denmark
united against Sweden in 1700 and fought the Great Northern War. Though Sweden
fought well at the start, the young Swedish King Karl XII decided to attack Moscow
and fell in battle. At the end of the war Sweden was no longer a great European
power. In 1809, after the Napoleonic wars, Sweden lost Finland to Russia. Later,
however, Sweden gained Norway. Norway would stay part of Sweden until 1905
when the union was dissolved and Norway became an independent country. In the
late 1800s around 1 million Swedish people immigrated to the United States due to
a poor economy. The Swedish economy picked up in World War I, where Sweden
remained neutral. Sweden also managed to remain neutral in World War II. Sweden
joined the European Union in 1995, but did not join the Monetary Union and,
therefore, still uses the Swedish krona as money rather than the Euro. 
b. The Viking period (9th to 11th centuries) was one national unification and expansion.
The Norwegian royal line died out in 1387, and the country entered the period of
union with Denmark. By 1586, Norway had become part of the Danish Kingdom. In
1814, as the result of the Napoleonic wars, Norway was separated from Denmark
and combine with Sweden. The union persisted until 1905, when Sweden
recognized Norwegian Independence. The Norwegian Government offered the
 throne Norway to Danish Prince Carl in 1905. After a plebiscite approving the
establishment of a monarchy, the parliament unanimously elected him king. He took
the name Haakon VII, after the kings of independence Norway.
Norway is a nonbelligerent during World War I, but as a result of a German invasion
and occupation during World War II, Norwegians generally became skeptical of the
concept of neutrality and turned instead to collective security. Norway was one of
the signers of the North Atlantic Treaty in 1949 and was a founding member of the
United Nations. The first UN General Secretary , Trygve Lie, was a Norwegian. Under
the terms of the will of Alfred Nobel, the Storting (Parliament) elects the five
members of the Norwegian Nobel Committee who award the Nobel Peace Prize to
champion of peace. Discovery of oil and gas in adjacent waters in the late 1960s
boosted Norway’s economic fortunes. In a referendum held in 1972, Norway’s
people rejected joining the EU.
II. Political Systems

a. Sweden is a constitutional monarchy. The constitution, dating from 1809 and

revised in 1975, is based on the following four fundamental laws: the Instrument of
Government, the Act of Succession, the Freedom of the Press Act, and the Riksdag
(Parliament) Act. All the laws have been subject to amendment. The constitution is
based on the principles of popular sovereignty, representative democracy, and
parliamentarism. The reigning monarch is the head of state but exerts no political
power; the responsibilities of the monarch are ceremonial only. Succession is
accorded to the firstborn child regardless of sex. The prime minister is nominated by
the speaker of the Riksdag after consultations with party leaders and must be
approved for office through a vote of the Riksdag. The prime minister appoints the
other cabinet members. The cabinet is responsible for all government decisions. The
ministries are small, and they are not concerned with details of administration or
implementation of legislation. This is handled by central administrative agencies,
whose senior officials are appointed by the cabinet.
b. Norway is considered to be one of the most developed democracies and states of
justice in the world. The country has a hereditary constitution monarchy with a
parliamentary democratic system of governance. Head of state is a monarch.
Executive power is a exercised by the King’s council and the cabinet, which is
headed by the Prime Minister, the executive power is dependent on the direct or
indirect support of the legislature, Norway’s parliament (Stortinget)
c. These two (2) countries are the same government type it is parliamentary
constitutional monarchy. They are the same International law organization
participation accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt
jurisdiction. They are almost the same political system. But the Swedish much
tighter that Norway maybe because of Swedish country is a sparsely populated
country.

III. Economic Systems

 a. Sweden is the sixteenth-richest country in the world in terms of GDP (gross domestic
product) per capita and a high standard of living is experienced by its citizens. Sweden is
an export-oriented mixed economy. Sweden’s per capita gross national product (GNP) is
among the highest in the world, but so are its taxes. Most enterprises are privately
owned and market-oriented, but when transfer payments—such as pensions, sick pay,
and child allowances—are included, roughly three-fifths of gross domestic
product (GDP) passes through the public sector. Education, health care, and child care
costs are primarily met by taxation. Government involvement in the distribution of
national income, however, diminished over the last two decades of the 20th century.
b. Norway has a stable economy with a vibrant private sector, a large state sector, and an
extensive social safety net. Norway opted out of the EU during a referendum in
November 1994. However, as a member of the European Economic Area, Norway
partially participates in the EU’s single market and the contributes sizably to the EU
budget. The country is richly endowed with natural resources such as oil and gas, fish
forest, and minerals. Norway is the leading producers and the world’s second largest
exporter of seafood, after China. The government manages the country’s petroleum
resources through extensive regulation. The petroleum sector provides about 9% of
jobs, 125% of GDP, 13% of the state’s revenue, and 37% of exports, according to official
national estimates. Norway is one of the world’s leading petroleum exporters although
oil production is close to 50% below its peak in 2000. Although oil production is
historically low, it rose in 2016 for the third consecutive year due to the higher
production relies almost entirely on hydropower.
c. These two (2) countries they are the same rich country but different economy high
standard. Norway has a stable economy with a vibrant private sector, a large state
sector, and an extensive social safety net. Sweden’s small, open, and competitive
economy has been thriving and Sweden has achieved an enviable standard of living with
its combination of free-market capitalism and extensive welfare benefits. The country
Norway is richly endowed with natural resources such as oil and gas, fish, forests, and
minerals. The Sweden in the short and medium term, Sweden’s economic challenges
include providing affordable housing and successfully integrating migrants into the
labor market.
IV. Legal Systems
a. Swedish law as it exists today is the result of a long historical development marked by
continuity rather than abrupt changes. Thus until 1974 the most important source of
constitutional law was the Instrument of Government dating from 1809. It has been
superseeded, however, by a new Instrument of Government which came into force in
1975. The Swedish system of government as it has evolved until the present day, and as
laid down in the new Instrument of Government, may be described as a representative
democracy. This means that in elections held at regular intervals with universal suffrage
and with equality of voting rights the citizens elect a decision-making assembly, the
Riksdag (the Swedish Parliament). Another cornerstone of the Swedish system of
government is parliamentarism. Swedish law as it exists today is the result of a long
historical development marked by continuity rather than abrupt changes. Thus until
 1974 the most important source of constitutional law was the Instrument of
Government dating from 1809. It has been superseeded, however, by a new Instrument
of Government which came into force in 1975. The Swedish system of government as it
has evolved until the present day, and as laid down in the new Instrument of
Government, may be described as a representative democracy. This means that in
elections held at regular intervals with universal suffrage and with equality of voting
rights the citizens elect a decision-making assembly, the Riksdag (the Swedish
Parliament). Another cornerstone of the Swedish system of government is
parliamentarism. As far as civil law and criminal law are concerned, the National Law
Code of 1734 is still in force, at least officially. However, little of the Code's original
contents remains. The majority of the balkar or books into which the National Law Code
of 1734 is divided have gradually been replaced during the present century. Thus there
have come into existence completely new books for marriage, wills and successions, real
estate, criminal offenses, judicial procedure, and enforcement of judgments. In modern
times, moreover, a mass of special legislation has grown outside the Code in such fields
as company law, copyright, protection of industrial property and labor relations. In the
case of public law, too, important legislation has been passed in recent times, not least
in the fields of local and national physical planning, environmental protection and
nature conservation.
b. The country is unitary constitutional monarchy and has a parliamentary government.
The King of Norway serves as head of state of Prime Minister as the head of
government. The power is to vested in a three-party system, including the judiciary,
executive and legislative branches. Law in Norway are created and amended in
Parliament, as the country follows a civil law system. These laws are regulated under the
courts of justice of Norway. The supreme court is the highest of the country, with 20
justices. The courts’ mission is to enforce the constitution, Norwegian judicial system,
and to implement the legislation that is set forth by Parliament. Norway abolished the
death penalty in 1902, and the country has a very successful criminal justice system with
law prison rates and law recidivism.
c. These two (2) countries had a different perspective in Legal system. Norway is mixed
legal system of civil, common, and customary law; Supreme Court can advise on
legislative acts however, Sweden civil law system influenced by Roman-Germanic law
and customary law. Swedish compilation of all laws enacted by the Riksdag and
regulations issued by the Government. Thought the Norqay highlight the principles of
sovereignty whereby it states that the people of Norway issue laws, make decisions
regarding the states' funds, impose taxes and supervise authorities, including the
Government, by way of the Storting.
V. Conclusion
a. Sweden is a sparsely populated country, characterized by its long coastline, extensive
forests and numerous lakes. It is one of the world’s northernmost countries. In terms of
surface area it is comparable to Spain, Thailand or the American state of California.
Sweden’s borders have been unchanged since 1905 and the country has not been at war
 since 1814. A military power during the 17th century, Sweden has not participated in
any war for two centuries. An armed neutrality was preserved in both World Wars.
Since then, Sweden has pursued a successful economic formula consisting of a capitalist
system intermixed with substantial welfare elements. Sweden joined the EU in 1995,
but the public rejected the introduction of the euro in a 2003 referendum. The share of
Sweden’s population born abroad increased from 11.3% in 2000 to 19.1% in 2018.
b. Norway has a strong and stable economy and also the largest oil and gas producer in
Western Europe. Due to the production of those products country has been able over
the past decades to create a strong currency reserves, which ensures its comfortable
existence for years and will successfully overcome the current unfavorable situation in
the world commodity markets. In all of its operation in Norway, it is constantly creating
a favorable climate for the development of its economy, drawing maximum benefit
from existing resources, thus providing access to goods and services and creating solid
foundation for the prosperity of the society. Real GDP for capital rate in Norway is
among the highest in the world, and the unemployment rate is considerably low of the
economically active population. Norway has every reason to be considered stable and
prosperous country. Its economy is strengthened by a highly skilled workforce, skilled
government regulation, and well-organized business sector.
VI. Reflection
a. In the two (2) countries is easier to manage is Sweden, this country is a sparsely
populated country, characterized by its long coastline, extensive forests and numerous
lakes. Sweden has pursued a successful economic formula consisting of a capitalist
system intermixed with substantial welfare elements. Sweden has not participated in
any war for two centuries. Sweden remained neutral. Sweden also managed to remain
neutral in World War II. This country their legal system is equality of voting rights the
citizens elect a decision-making assembly, in organization employees have no fear of
their boss so they can express their thoughts directly. It seems Swedes have strong
beliefs about equality. Swedish society so long time(1998). Equality already is the strong
work ethic in Sweden. Swedish managers more like a tutor for employees than a
commander. Swedish managers used to delegate responsibility to their employees, they
will not make decision just by themselves. They let employees participate in decision
making process which is a good way to motivate employees.
b. In the two (2) countries is harder to manage is the Norway, this country has a strong and
stable economy and also the largest oil and gas producer in Western Europe. a large
state sector, and an extensive social safety net. Norway is has a larger hereditary it is
harder to manage because of the intend to conquer their country. Has an overcome the
current unfavorable situation in the world commodity markets.
c. The most important points a manager should remember in managing Sweden is, since
the technology and transportation develop a lot. International business play an
incomparable rule in this world. No country can just live by its own. Sometimes if a
company enters another country with different culture by a blind chance, they will face
serious risk in the future. A good manager always plays an important role in
 organization, sometimes even can become the key of company’s success. Sweden as a
leading country in innovation and economic performance has its special management
style rooted in Swedish business model.
d. The most important points a manager should remember in managing Norway is,
because of effective cross cultural management bear in mind that the Norwegians avoid
“hard sell” techniques and communicate directly without using hyperbole or
superlatives. Do not expect a great deal of getting to know you conversation since
Norwegians prefer to get to the business at hand as swiftly and efficiently as possible.