Name: Date:

Grade and Section: Teacher:

Learning Activity Sheet No. 1

“NATURE OF INQUIRY AND RESEARCH
(Practical Research 1)

Background Information
Every day you encountered various problems in any facets of life be it social, political,
environmental and personal. It may link between persons, groups or an organization. In this case,
there must be a solution not only to resolve it but can be a progress that everybody benefited from it.
As a learner how can you find a solution to these problems that is based on knowledge not on ordinary
beliefs, predictions or theories? You need to have this knowledge through organized and well-planned
procedures that are accurate and useful. Thus you need to do research.
Research is asking what you know and think. It helps us to inquire on the right information. It is
of great importance to man in everyday life. The quality of man’s life is improved through research
making it easier and valuable from simple to modern. Research develops you to an attitude to not
believe everything easily available and seek for truth - Research sharpens our mind to give a judicious
vision to look. It is a catalyst in solving complex issues in different sectors including health,
communications, business and the environment.
Learning Competencies with Codes
After going through this module, you are expected to be able to:
1. share research experiences and knowledge (CS_RS11-IIIa-1)
2. explain the importance of research in daily life (CS_RS11-IIIa-2)
3. describe characteristics, processes, and ethics of research (CS_RS11-IIIa-3)
4. differentiate quantitative from qualitative research (CS_RS11-IIIa-4)
5. provide examples of research in areas of interest (CS_RS11-IIIa-5)
Vocabulary Builder
Directions: Fill Me. Fill out the blank spaces by referring to the clues and guessing the word/s being
defined. Write your answers on a one whole sheet of paper.
1. _ u m _ _ g _ n g - to make a thorough search
2. c _ h _ s _ v_ - exhibiting or producing cohesion
3. _ r a _ _ i c _ - a picture, drawing, image used as a decoration
4. m _ n _ m _ _ - a diagram used to visually organize information
5. i _ n _ v _ _ i _ n - the act or process of introducing new ideas and methods
6. i _ v _ s _ i _ _ _ i _ n - to try to find out the facts about something
7. i _ _ u _ r _ - the act of asking questions to gather information
8. b i _ s - to have a strong and often unfair influence on someone/something
9. f _ b r _ c _ t e - to create or make up in order to trick people
10. _ t r _ t _ g y - a careful plan or method for achieving a particular goal usually over
a long period of time
Activity 1. Your Initial Task
Directions: From the pool of words, encircle the words that you think are related to research. Write your
answers on a one whole sheet of paper.
biases instrument theories factual investigation
intuition discovery system subjective interview
dreams experiences data phenomena guessing
productivity drama validate opinions literature

1
Directions: Using the words encircled, formulate your own definition of research. Write your answer on
a one whole sheet of paper.
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
I. Definition of Research

1. Research is defined as the scientific investigation of phenomena which includes collection,

presentation, analysis and interpretation of facts that lines an individual‘s speculation with reality.
2. Solutions to problems must be based on knowledge not on mere beliefs, guesses or theories.
3. In research a systematic and well-planned procedure is required to meet the need in order that
information is acquired and evaluate its accuracy and effectiveness.
4. It is a process of inquiring.
5. Research follows a step-by-step process of investigation that uses standardized approach to
answer questions or solving problems (Polit & Beck, 2004).
6. Research is a continuous undertaking of making known the unknown (Sachez, 2002). It entails
an investigation of new facts leading to the discovery of new ideas, methods, or improvements.
It is an attempt to widen one’s outlook in life. It always proceeds from the known to the unknown.
Thus, the end of research is to arrive at a new truth.
7. Research is a very careful investigation of something that purports the contribution of additional
or new knowledge and wisdom (Basseyy, as cited by Coleman & Briggs, 2002).
8. Research is a tested approach of thinking and employing validated instruments and steps in
order to obtain a more adequate solution to a problem that is otherwise impossible to address
under ordinary means (Crawford, as cited by Alcantara & Espina, 1995).
9. Research is an investigation following ordered steps leading to a discovery of new information
or concepts (Sanchez, 1999).
10. Research plays an important role in tertiary education. Though there are many problems
confronted by higher education, developments are realized through research. After all its main
purpose is to answer a question or to solve an issue (Palispis, 2004).

II. Nature of Inquiry (Lichman,G.,2013)

1. Inquiry is defined as “a seeking for truth, information or knowledge”. It is a problem solving

technique.
2. The information and data pursued through questioning begins with gathering by applying the
different human senses.
3. Individuals carry on the process of inquiry from birth till death.
4. Inquiry is synonymous with the word investigation.

III. Investigation and Immersion

Investigation has a deeper meaning compared to “inquiry”. It is a systematic examination of a
certain event or phenomenon.
Immersion is a process whereby a researcher immerses (deeply involves) himself in the data
gathering activities and the data he has gathered is carefully read or examined by him in detail.
Combining the idea of “inquiry”, “investigation” and “immersion”, the concept of “research” comes in.
IV. Differentiate Inquiry from Research
Inquiry is a term that is synonymous with the word ‘investigation’. When you inquire or investigate,
you tend to ask questions to probe or examine something to request for truth, information, or
knowledge.

2
Research is systematic and objective creation of knowledge systematic (with a system or method, the
scientific method), objective (no bias, all angles presented), knowledge creation (a creative process).
V. Purpose of Research

1. To inform action.
2. To prove or generate a theory.
3. To augment knowledge in a field or study.

VI. Importance of Research

1. Research provides a scientific basis for any practice or methodology in any field or discipline.
This is important since the entire system or operation and all the stakeholders of an institution
or organization are at stake. Without scientific basis, someone may be affected or may suffer. For
example, in the field of medicine, a new drug must first be tested to determine its efficacy in curing
sickness before it can actually be prescribed.
2. Research is undertaken for the continuous development and further productivity in any field.
Any system that will be utilized in any organization must be first tried to determine its value and
it must be better than the previous system used. Simply, research is the result of advancing
knowledge from the past.
3. Research helps develop tools for assessing effectiveness of any practice and operation such as
psychological tests, intelligence quotient tests, psychological assessments, among others. This
importance of research is observed in behavioural science, physical science, and others as well.

4. Research provides solutions to problems concerning at most all issues encountered in the
different areas of work.
Some issues include the tardiness of employees, incentives given to the staff, sportsmanship
among school athletes and implementation of a “clean and green” program in school. This also
applies to higher level problems.
5. Research impacts decision-making. It is a common mistake for people to make decisions without
solid information to back them up. It requires time, effort, money to gather evidence needed for
making a sound decision. For example, for a teacher to change his or her teaching methodology
for the first-period and last-period classes, he or she must conduct a study considering the time
element, enthusiasm to teach, academic standing of the students, instructional aides used, and
several other factors.

6. Research develops and evaluates alternative approaches to the educational aspects of any
discipline. This enables the students to gain broad knowledge and specialized skills for safe
practice. For example, research can help determine whether lecture is a better method than
experiment in teaching Science.

7. Research aims to advance the personal and professional qualifications of a practitioner.

Lifestyle Lounge also lists down seven importance of research. It says that “contrary to popular
belief research need not only pertain to science.” Research is important in all spheres of life.
(“Importance of Research,“ 2017) Research is important:
1. to gather necessary information 5. to know the truth
2. to make changes 6. to explore our history
3. to improve standard of living 7. to understand the arts
4. to have a safer life

3
VII. Characteristics of Research
1. Empirical. Research is based on direct experience or observation by the researcher.
2. Logical. Research is based on valid procedures and principles.
3. Cyclical. Research is a cyclical process because it starts with a problem and ends with a problem.
4. Analytical. Research utilizes proven analytical procedures in gathering the data, whether historical,
descriptive, and experimental and case study.
5. Critical. Research exhibits careful and precise judgment.
6. Methodical. Research is conducted in a methodical manner without bias using systematic method
and procedures.
7. Replicability. The research design and procedures are replicated or repeated to enable the
researcher to arrive at valid and conclusive results.

VIII. Characteristics of the Researcher

1. Intellectual Curiosity. A researcher undertakes a deep thinking and inquiry of the things and
situations around him.
2. Prudence. The researcher is careful to conduct his research study at the right time and at the right
place wisely, efficiently, and economically.
3. Healthy Criticism. The researcher is always doubtful as to the truthfulness of the results.
4. Intellectual Honesty. An intelligent researcher is honest to collect or gather data or facts in order to
arrive at honest results.
5. Intellectual Creativity. A productive and resourceful investigator always creates new researches.

IX. The Seven Steps of the Research Process

Step 1. Define the Research Problem.
The first step in research process is to develop a research question. This can be a problem that
needs to be solved or some piece of information that is missing about a particular topic. Answering this
question will be the focus of the research study.(Offord Centre for Child Studies, 2017)
Factors to Consider in Selecting a Research Problem
1. Researcher‘s area of interest
2. Availability of funds
3. Investigator‘s ability and training

Step 2. Find background information about your chosen topic (Review of Related Literature).
The researchers must now learn more about the topic they are investigating. This not only
provides important background information about the issue they are researching., but it also tells them
what other studies have already been conducted, how they were designed, and what those studies
found. In research, you often do not want to repeat old studies, but rather add something new to the
field. (Offord Centre for Child Studies, 2017;Cornell University Library,2016)

Step 3. Formulate the Hypothesis

The hypothesis is a clear statement of what is intended to be investigated. It should be specified
before research is conducted and openly stated in reporting the results.
4
Step 4. Design Research
The research design refers to the overall strategy that you choose to integrate the different
components of the study in a coherent and logical way, thereby, ensuring you will effectively address
the research problem; it constitutes the blueprint for the collection, measurement, and analysis of data.
Step 5. Collect Data - Gather necessary data using open ended questions (for qualitative research)
and closed-ended questionnaire or paper pencil test questionnaire (for quantitative research).
The collection of data is a critical step in providing the information needed to answer the research
question. Every study includes the collection of some type of data-whether it is from the literature or
from subjects –to answer the research question. (Blankenship, 2010)Depending on the plan of the
research, data can be collected in the form of words on a survey , with a questionnaire, through
observations, or from the literature.(Offord Centre for Child Studies, 2017; Human Kinetics, 2017)
Step 6. Analyze Data
Analysis of data plays an important role in the achievement of research aim and objectives.
(Dudovskiy, 2016) Once the data have been collected, these must be analyzed in order to answer the
original research question. Process and analyze data using thematic analysis (for qualitative research)
and statistical tools (for quantitative research).
Step 7. Interpret and Report - Formulate new insights gained (for qualitative research) conclusions (for
quantitative research) and recommendations.
In this final part, you will have to justify why you think that research aims and objectives have
been achieved. (Dudovskiy, 2016) Profread the paper you have created and report the results. There
are different ways to share the results of your research, among them is by publication either in print or
on the internet. Another is by sending or submitting the research report to those persons concerned or
stakeholders such as policy makers, government officials, company or business executives, etc.
Another way to share the results of your research is through a colloquium where the researcher
presents orally the research report to an audience or to the public.

X. Ethics in Research
Research ethics are guidelines for the responsible conduct of research which educates and monitors
researchers to ensure high standard. It promotes the aim of research, such as expanding knowledge
and supports the values required for collaborative work, such as mutual respect and fairness.
❖ Ethical Considerations in Conducting Research
1. Objectivity and integrity
2. Respect of the research subjects ‘right to privacy and dignity and protection of
subjects from personal harm
3. Presentation of research findings
4. Misuse of research role
5. Acknowledgement of research collaboration and assistance
6. Distortions of findings by sponsor

❖ What are these ethics in research?

1. Informed Consent. This is required to secure 2. Honesty. It report data, results, methods and
in order protect the rights of the participants in procedures, and publication status. Do not
your study. Inform your participants about the fabricate, falsify and misrepresent the data.
criteria set for choosing them as informants and
3. Objectivity. Avoid bias in experimental
the schedule of one-on-one interview at the
design, data analysis, data interpretation, peer
convenient time they are available. Participation
review, personnel decisions, grant writing,
to the study will be completely voluntary.
expert testimony, and other aspects of research.

5
4. Integrity. Keep your promises and 11. Respect for Colleagues. Respect your
agreements; act with sincerity; strive for colleagues’ opinion, treat them fairly and do not
consistency of thought and action. outsmart others.
5. Carefulness. Avoid careless errors and 12. Social responsibility. Strive to promote
negligence; carefully and critically examine your social acceptance and prevent or mitigate social
work and the work of peers. Keep good records harms through research, public education, and
of research activities. advocacy.
6. Openness. Share data, results, ideas, tools 13. Non-discrimination. Avoid discrimination
and resources. Be open to criticism and new against colleagues or students on the basis of
ideas. sex, race, ethnicity, or other factors that are not
related to their scientific competence and
7. Respect for Intellectual Property. Honour
integrity.
patents, copyrights, trademarks, trade secrets
and other forms of intellectual property. Do not 14. Competence. Maintain and improve your
use published or unpublished data, methods, or own professional competence and expertise
results without permission. Give credit where through lifelong education and learning; take
credit is due. Never plagiarize, fabricate and steps to promote competence in science as a
falsify. whole.
8. Confidentiality. Protect confidential 15. Legality. Know and obey relevant laws and
communications, such as papers or grants institutional and government policies.
submitted for publication, personnel records,
16. Animal Care. Show proper respect and care
trade or military secrets, and patient records.
for animals when using them in research. Do not
9. Responsible Mentoring. Help to educate, conduct unnecessary or poorly designed animal
mentor, and advise others. Promote their experiments.
welfare and allow them to make their own
17. Human Subjects protection. When
decisions.
conducting a research on human subjects,
10. Responsible Publication. Publish in order minimize harms and risks and maximize
to advance research and scholarship, not to benefits; respect human dignity, privacy, and
advance your own career. Avoid wasteful and anonymity.
duplicative publication.
XI. Rights of Research Participants
1. Human Rights. They are moral principles or c. Using others’ photographs for a blog without
norms that describe certain standards of human permission
behaviour and are regularly protected as natural
d. Copying software code without giving proper
and legal rights. They constitute a set of rights
credit
and duties necessary for the protection of
human dignity, inherent to all human beings. e. Creating videos with unlicensed music clips
2. Intellectual Property. It protects creations of 4. Voluntary Participation. People must not be
the mind, which have both a moral and a coerced into participating in research process.
commercial value. Essentially, this means that prospective
research participants must be informed about
3. Copyright Infringement. It is the use or
the procedures and risks involved in research
production of copyright-protected material
and must give their consent to participate.
without permission of the copyright holder.
Copyright infringement means that the rights 5. Anonymity. It is the protection of people’s
accorded to the copyright holder, such as the identity through not disclosing their name or not
exclusive use of a work for a set period of time, exposing their identity. It is a situation in data
are breached by a third party. gathering activities in which informant’s name is
not given nor known.
Examples:
6. Privacy. It is someone’s right to keep his
a. Downloading movies and music without
personal matters and relationships secret. It is
proper payment for use.
the ability of an individual to seclude him from
b. Recording movies in a theatre disturbance of any research activity.
6
XII. Ethical Standards in Research Writing
Research Misconduct includes fabrication, falsification, or plagiarism. It doesn’t include honest
error of differences of opinion. It can erode trust between researchers and funding agencies, which
make it more difficult for colleagues at the same institution to receive grants.
RESEARCH MISCONDUCTS
• Fabrication - making up data or results and recording or reporting them.
• Falsification - manipulating research materials, or changing or omitting data or results such that
the research is not accurately represented in the research record.
• Plagiarism - refers to the act of using another person’s ideas, works, processes, and results
without giving due credit. It should not be tolerated as the unauthorized use of original works, a
violation of intellectual property rights.
Three different acts are considered plagiarism:
1. Failure to cite quotations and borrowed ideas,
2. Failure to enclose borrowed language in quotation marks, and.
3. Failure to put summaries and paraphrases in your own words.
Research misconduct does not include honest error or differences of opinion.
The Intellectual Property Code of the Philippines or R.A. 8293 contains provisions regarding
published works and copyright ownership. The term “published works” means works which, with the
consent of the authors, are made available to the public in such a way that these works can be sourced
from a place and time individually chosen by them.
XIII. Quantitative Research
Quantitative research is “explaining phenomenon by collecting numerical data that are analyzed
using mathematically based methods (in particular statistics).” (Aliaga and Gunderson, 2005; Skills
YouNeed.com, 2017). This design is used to quantify the problem by way of generating numerical data
or data that can be transformed into usable statistics. It is used to quantify attitudes, opinions, behaviors
and other defined variables – and generalize results from a larger sample population.
In addition, quantitative approach uses measurable data to formulate facts and uncover patterns
in research. The quantitative data collection methods are much more structured than Qualitative data
collection methods.
Quantitative data collection methods include various forms of surveys – online surveys, paper
surveys, mobile surveys and kiosk surveys, face-to-face interviews, telephone interviews, longitudinal
studies, website interceptors, online polls and systematic observations. (Wyse, 2011) Quantitative data
can help you see the big picture.
However, this design has its disadvantages as well. Quantitative is considered to be limiting when
it comes to studying the complex and diverse minds of human beings. This is because this approach
can only explain a small fraction of the human experience (e.g., behavioral impulses and varying
personal preferences). In quantitative research, these human complexities are usually controlled or
removed entirely instead of being analyzed. The inflexible and narrow vision of quantitative research
tends to present the human experience in a restricted manner.
XIV. Qualitative Research
Qualitative research is concerned with nonstatistical methods of inquiry and analysis of social
phenomena. It draws on an inductive process in which themes and categories emerge through an
analysis of data collected by such techniques as interviews, observations, videotapes and case studies.
Samples are usually small and are often purposively selected.
This design seeks to answer questions about why and how people behave in the way that they
do. It provides in-depth information about human behavior (SkillsYouNeed.com, 2017). It is primarily
exploratory research. It is used to gain an understanding of underlying reasons, opinions and

7
motivations. It provides insights into the problem or helps to develop ideas or hypotheses for potential
quantitative research. It is also used to uncover trends in thought and opinions, and dive deeper into
the problem.
Qualitative data collection methods vary using unstructured or semi-structured techniques.
Some common methods include focus groups (group discussions), individual interviews and
participation/observations. The sample size is typically small and respondents are selected to fulfill a
given quota. (Wyse, 2011) Qualitative data adds the details and can also give a human voice to your
survey results.
Qualitative research is an inductive, subjective process of inquiry done in a natural setting in order
to build a complex, holistic picture, described in words, including the detailed views of the informants
are reported in informal, personal language. (Tabinas, 2014)

XV. Similarities of Qualitative and Quantitative Research

1. Both have the process of inquiry and investigation.
2. Both improve life and help us in understanding various issues of life and in giving solutions to our
problems
3. Both start with a problem and end with a new problem.
4. Both use textual forms in analyzing and interpretation of data.
7. Both use inductive and deductive methods of presenting data.

XVI. Difference: Qualitative vs. Quantitative Research

QUALITATIVE QUANTITATIVE
Objective It aims to create new theory based The purpose is to test a
on the gathered data. hypothesis or theory.
A fact-finding research used to gain Measures problem using rating
understanding of individual scale and other research
differences in terms of feelings and parameters of group similarities.
experiences.
Data Description - natural setting - measurement setting
- making stories out of a certain - performs measures out of a
phenomenon. certain phenomenon.
- Uses pictures, words, sentences, - Uses numbers, scales,
paragraphs, compositions, hypotheses, calculations,
narrations and short stories computations and statistics tools.
Sample (size) Small judgment (by decision) Large sample representatives of
sampling population
Data Gathering Unstructured or semi structured Standardized /Structured
(flexible processes)
Uses census, survey
Uses interviews, participant questionnaire, checklist, paper-
observation, group discussions. pencil test and experimentation.
Ex: Case Study, field research
Uses closed ended questions.
Uses open ended questions. This questions can only be
It is a freeform survey questions answered by selecting from a
allow a participant to answer in limited number of options,
open-text format, responses are usually “multiple-choice”, “yes or
unlimited to a set of options. no”, or a rating scale

Example: Example:
Guide questions for the interviews Strongly agree to strongly
disagree
8
 1. What was your experiences
during quarantine period on the In quantitative research closed
COVID-19 pandemic? How did you ended questions are the basis of
handle the situation caused by the all statistical analysis techniques
pandemic? applied on questionnaires and
2. Was the support of the National surveys.
and Local Government enough for
your basic needs? Did they conduct Sample Question:
evaluation for those who were Do you agree on online modality
affected? class in transitioning the new
normal of education?
a. Strongly agree
b. Agree
c. Disagree
d. Strongly disagree
Activities Inductive Deductive

The researcher starts with the Starts from a hypothesis or

observations, an open mind without already created theory
biases, gathering all exact details of emphasizing the previously
the topic and generalization or new researched phenomenon from
theory is given towards the end of different views (tested against
the research process. observations).
Data discussions Uses both inductive and deductive
and Presentation They are not mutually exclusive with each other in research.
Inductive method or “bottom-up” is used if the researcher starts
discussions from the lowest and highest means then explains the
overall mean.

Deductive or “top-down “if discussion is from the overall mean going to

the lowest and highest means, deductive.
Opinions are based on experience Opinions are based on laws,
or observation. There are no criteria rules, or other recognized
used in data discussions. principles.
Data Analysis Synthesize data, interpret, thematic. Statistical

Subjective Objective

Data analysis is influenced by the The researcher employs

personal experiences and views. standard criteria in analyzing
data.
Outcome Cultivates understanding with high Endorse a development.
validity. Has high output replicability.

There are no conclusions Conclusion is formulated towards

formulated. the end of the research process.

9
 Concept Map showing the Designs of Research

XVII. Kinds of Research across Fields

Areas of Interest Description Example of Studies

Arts-Based Research Personal expression in various art 1.The Role of Arts in
forms is use as a primary mode of Student Achievement in
inquiry Reading

2.How Classroom Artistic

Structure Motivates
Learning
Research in Humanities Deals with human culture such as 1. Values Education in the
philosophy, religion, literature, Public Schools: Practices
linguistics and history. and Challenges
It includes ancient and modern 2. Children In-Conflict with
languages, human geography, laws, the Law: A Resolution and
politics and other social sciences. Intervention
Sports Research Intended for athletes to endure their 1. Student Involvement in
health and wellness goals through Athletics and their
proven high quality products. Academic Performance

It helps the coaches and athletes to

access information and apply it to 2.Sports and Fitness
develop programs and techniques in Support on Students in
sports. Public Schools

10
Science Research Discover laws, postulates theories 1.Utilization of Garbage
that can explain natural or social and other Waste
phenomena. Resources as Cleaning
Materials
Applies systematic and constructed
scientific method to obtain, analyze 2.Making of COVID -19
and interpret data. Cure out of Heat Transfer

A strong and testable hypothesis is

the fundamental part of the scientific
research.
Mathematics Research Provides mathematics mastery 1.Student Difficulties in
topics and helps develops General Mathematics:
confidence and interest to solve Remediation and
more mathematical problems. Interventions

It may also assist to find new 2.A Systemic Approach to

methods to simplify calculations. Changing Classroom
Practices for Enhancing
Mathematics Outcomes
Agriculture Research Improves productivity and quality of 1.Green Space in School:
crops irrigation, storage methods, Social and Environment
effective farm management and Perspective
marketing of agricultural resources.
2. Is Urban Gardening as
Agriculture is the backbone of the a Source of Well-Being?
economic system providing food,
raw material and employment
opportunities.
Fisheries research Increase the productivity and 1.Finding a Future:
management of fishery resources to Sustaining Inland Fishery
provide food: protect and maintain
different bodies of water for 2.Fishing for Change:
sustainable supply of aquatic Fishery Policy in the
resources. Philippines
Information and Aim to adapt current technology 1.The Role of ICT in the
Communication Technology advancement which enhances New Normal Education
(ICT) Research development of resources.
2.Exploring the Interactive
Computer Simulation in
Public Schools
Business Research Acquire information in business to 1.Developing a
maximize the sales and profit. It aids Framework for Small
business companies regulates which Scale Business
product or service is most profitable
or in demand. 2.Business Practices and
Strategies of Small
Enterprises at Limketkai
Mall
Social Science Research Finds solutions for human behavior 1.The Impact of COVID-
gathering information about people 19 Pandemic on
and societies. Employment Opportunities

2. Implementation of
Enhanced Community
Quarantined in Low Risk
Area of Misamis.Oriental.

11
Activity 2. True or False
Directions: Write TRUE if the statement is correct, FALSE if it is incorrect. Write your answers on a
separate sheet of paper.
____ 1. Research starts with inquiry.
____ 2. Research is mere information gathering.
____ 3. All efforts of improvement are research-based.
____ 4. Research is not an important aspect of any organization.
____ 5. Research is needed to investigate and expose the truth.
____ 6. One of the goals of research is to produce results-based practice.
____ 7. Only through research can new inventions and discoveries come to life.
____ 8. Research is an apolitical activity intended for the betterment of the society.
____ 9. Research has improved the life expectancy and health conditions of human race in all parts of
the world.
____ 10. Research entails an investigation of new facts leading to the discovery of new ideas, methods
and improvements.

Activity 3. Check-Up
Directions: Put an “X” on the space before each statement that describes plagiarism. Write your
answers on a separate sheet of paper.
___ 1. Alex puts his name on a quotation of Dan Brown.
___ 2. The author is Mulroney, Dermot but the reference of JC is Mulroney, Demot.
___ 3. After reading a selection, Ally correctly wrote the contents of the selection and cited the author.
___ 4. In Jenny’s project, she carefully expressed the ideas of the author and wrote the author’s name.
___ 5. Because of lack of time, Pauline omitted some of the important details from a source in her
thesis.

Activity 4. Seven Steps of Research Process

Directions: Identify the stage/step in the research process of the given scenario. Choose your answers
below. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.

A. Step One: Define the Problem E. Step Five: Collect Data

B. Step Two: Review Literature F. Step Six: Analyze Data
C. Step Three: Formulate Hypothesis G. Step Seven: Interpret and Report Data
D. Step Four: Design Research

Scenario 1: Jessie distributed questionnaires to Grade 7 students who have been bullied and at risk
of dropping out.
Scenario 2: Bella shared her research findings to the Supreme Student Council so that they can help
to address the problem.

12
Scenario 3: Don was a victim of body shaming so he personally chose body shaming as his research
topic.
Scenario 4: Kristine visited the municipal library to look for previous studies about the research she’s
working on.
Scenario 5: Cris decided to make a case study because he wanted to know the experiences of typhoon
Tisoy survivors and how they recover from the physical devastation and haunting memories brought
about by the typhoon.
Scenario 6: Val summarizes the data he collected. He interpreted the data and looked for patterns,
relationships and trends among the data.
Scenario 7: Rose has already her research title. She’s now making prediction of the outcome of her
study.

Activity 5. Correct Me if I’m Wrong

Directions: Determine the appropriate ethical action to address the unethical practices described below.
Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.
UNETHICAL PRACTICES ETHICAL ACTION
1. Joy, a TVL student, is planning to conduct her first research on
misbehavior of fellow students inside the classroom. However, she
has no idea on the ethical guidelines in conducting such research.
2. Jose was always absent and got addicted in mobile legends.
Though he’s an honor student, he ranked last in the honor roll. A
qualitative research about Jose is conducted without informing him.
3. Afraid not to graduate, Greg claimed the research work of his
classmate. He erased the name of the original researcher and
placed his own.
4. A group of GAS students secretly chose their adviser as the
subject of their research.
5. In order to finish his data gathering for his study, Rommel, the
class valedictorian, forced his friends to answer his questionnaire.

Activity 6. Directions: Read the following examples and decide whether the statement can be studied
using Quantitative or Qualitative research. Write QN for Quantitative and QL for Qualitative. Write your
answers on a separate sheet of paper.
___ 1. Maria wanted to find out the why some children frequently misbehaves.
___ 2. Drinking two tablets of paracetamol is more effective than one.
___ 3. A business owner wants to know if his company is performing well compared to his competitors.
___ 4. Coping mechanisms when losing a loved one
___ 5. How much water is absorbed by different brands of tissue?

Activity 7. FINAL TASK

Think of your own topic for research which you would like to work on. Keep in mind what you have
learned from this lesson to justify the specific research type for each chosen topic. Write your “top two”
most interesting topics on your answer sheet.
1. ________________________________________
2. ________________________________________

13
Reflection
As a learner in senior high school, how important is research in your daily life?
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________

References
Buenconsejo, J.M. (n.d.). Department of Education Practical Research 1 Module 1. Retrieved from
https://drive.google.com/file/d/14V-OFKq4lJiWneYGQokV2eCll1Ygt4aS/view?usp=sharing
Buenconsejo, J.M. (n.d.). Department of Education Practical Research 1 Module 2. Retrieved from
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1EPXv2c1g984dIDXW453wsONEWRSfqXC-/view?usp=sharing
Buenconsejo, J.M. (n.d.). Department of Education Practical Research 1 Module 3. Retrieved from
https://drive.google.com/file/d/18po-mEY9PJ8HDf7mQUZPaq949b2gY31B/view?usp=sharing
Buenconsejo, J.M. (n.d.). Department of Education Practical Research 1 Module 4. Retrieved from
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1u_9w7XXdbI6TelD9DjGX9WyduqT8TonI/view?usp=sharing
Buenconsejo, J.M. (n.d.). Department of Education Practical Research 1 Module 5. Retrieved from
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1TXgg1v_dmssl4EuuIfyd0cCA8VS9CiJ2/view?usp=sharing
Pastor, M.E. (2020). Department of Education Practical Research 1. Quarter 1 – Module 1: Nature of
Inquiry and Research. Retrieved from https://drive.google.com/file/d/18RTQXQeZ5aLlHBUo
wfBZIt5Ywmq3NUg/view?usp=sharing

14