LEARNING MODULE SURIGAO STATE COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY

MODULE 1

I. Title : AC Single Phase Motor

II. Topics :
Lesson 1- Types of Single Phase Motor
Lesson 2- Assembling and Disassembling Split phase Motor and Identifying the
Main parts
Lesson 3- Different types of Single Phase Motor

III. Time Frame : 20 hours

IV. Introduction :

What is AC Motor?

AC motor is a machine that converts electrical energy to mechanical energy through

an alternating current. It performs a variety of useful services at everywhere and applied in
washing machines, oil burners, small pumps and etc.

An AC motor is generally called as single phase motor and designed to operate from
a single phase supply. Single phase motors are generally manufactured in fractional HP or
horsepower ratings.

EET 3111- ELECTRICAL MACHINES Page 1

V. Objectives : Upon completion of this course you will be able to…
1. Describe the principle operation and characteristics of AC single phase motor.
2. Explain the types of AC single phase motor.
3. Explain the construction and function of each part.
4. Apply the connection of each motor.

VI. Learning Activities :

Activity 1:
1. Read theories and principle of AC motor
2. Watch video related to the topic AC motors

Types of Single Phase Motor

a. Split phase Motor

A split phase motor is an AC single phase motor of

fractional horsepower size and is used to operate
such devices as washing machines, oil burners and
small pumps.

This motor has four main parts. These are:

1. Rotor – the rotating part which consist of
three essential elements, the core the shaft
and the squirrel cage
windings

Fig.1. Split phase motor

2. Stator – The stationary part which compose of a laminated

iron core with semi closed slots, a heavy cast iron or steel
frame into which the core is pressed and two windings of insulated wire that is wound
into the slots and are called running and starting windings.

3. End plates or bracket – which are fastened to the frame

of the stator with screw and bolts and serve mainly to keep
the rotor in position. this sustained the weight of the rotor,
keep it precisely centered within the stator and permit
rotation without allowing the rotor to rub in the stator .
4. Centrifugal switch – this is located inside the motor. Its function is to
disconnect the starting winding after the rotor has reached a predetermined
speed approximately 75 percent of full speed. The usual type consist of two
main parts- stationary and rotating part.
A B

Fig.6. (a) Steps in the operation of

CS. (b)Rotating and stationary part of CS

Operation of Split-Phase Motor

There are three separate windings of split-

phase motor. One of these is on the rotor and
is known as squirrel cage windings. The other
to winding are place in the stator know as
starting and running winding as shown in
figure 7.

Fig. 7. Two windings of split-phase motor.Note the

four section or poles in each
winding.

The squirrel cage windings consist of a number of heavy copper bars that
are fitted into slots in the laminated iron core. The end of each bar is welded
to heavy copper rings that complete the electrical circuit.

The stator windings consist of (1) heavy insulated copper wire, located at the bottom of
the stator slot which is known as running or main winding (2) a winding of fine insulated
copper wire which is usually located at the top of the running windings and is known as
starting or auxiliary windings. These two windings are connected in parallel. ( see more
explanation on operation of capacitor motor)
Activity 2. Assembling and Disassembling Split phase Motor and Identifying
the Main parts.

Objectives:
1. Disassemble and assemble Split phase motor
2. Identify the main parts of split-phase motor

Required components/materials and tools.

1. Single phase (split-phase) motor

2. Electrician pliers and screw drivers

Procedure:
Given the required materials and tools:
 Disassemble an AC split-phase motor
 Identify the main parts of the motor
 Assemble the split phase motor
b. Capacitor Motor
The capacitor motor operates on alternating current and is made in sizes ranging
from 1/20 to 10 hp. It is widely used to operate such machine as refrigerator,
compressors, oil burners, and washing machines.

The construction of capacitor motor is similar to that of split-phase motor, but an

additional unit called capacitor is connected in series with the starting or auxiliary
winding. The capacitor is usually mounted on top of the motor as shown on the
figure but it may be mounted in other external position inside the motor housing. The
Capacitor motor provides higher starting torque with lower starting current than the
split-phase motor and is generally operated from single phase lighting or
power circuit.

The Capacitor
Electrical workers often refer to capacitor as a condenser but the name capacitor is being
more widely adopted since it is more descriptive of the operation of the device. The
capacitor acts essentially as storage unit, that is it has the capacity to store electricity.

A B
C

Fig. 9. (a) Paper capacitor (b) Oil field capacitor (c) electrolytic capacitor

The Paper Capacitor

The capacitor is formed when two conductor usually metal are separated by an insulator
such as wax paper. The paper capacitor has this construction and contains two or more
sheets of wax paper. (Fig. 8-a)
The Oil-Filled capacitor

Some capacitor are made with paper that has been impregnated with oil and inserted in
a container that is filled with oil. This is done to increase the insulating capacity of the
paper and to help keep the capacitor from overheating.

The Capacitor-Start Motor

Except for the capacitor, this motor is similar in construction to the split-phase
motor. The main parts are (1) slotted stator having running and starting winding; (2) the
squirrel cage windings; (3) two end plates; (4) a centrifugal switch and (5) the capacitor,
generally electrolytic.

Operation of Capacitor Motor

As shown in fig 10, during the starting

period, both the running and starting winding are
connected across the line since the centrifugal
switch is close. The starting winding however is
connected in series with the capacitor and
centrifugal switch. When the motor reaches
approximately 75 percent of its full speed, the
centrifugal switch open. This action cuts out both
Fig. 10. Connection of Capacitor
the starting winding

and capacitor from the line circuit and leaves only the running winding across the line to
produce a starting torque, a revolving magnetic field must established inside the motor. This
is accomplished by placing the starting winding 90 electrical degree out of phase with the
running winding. The capacitor is used to permit the current in starting winding to reach its
maximum value before the current in the running winding becomes maximum. In other
words the capacitor causes the current in the starting winding to lead the current in the
running winding. This condition produces a revolving magnetic field in the stator, which in
turn induces a current in the rotor winding. As a result the magnetic field acts in such a
manner as to produce rotation of the rotor.
Connection of Capacitor-Start Motor

1. The Single Voltage, Externally Reversible Capacitor Start Motor. This motor has four leads
brought outside the housing, two from the running winding and two from the starting
winding circuit. These four leads are necessary if external reversing is required. Internally
the starting winding is connected in series with centrifugal switch and capacitor. Figure 11
shows the winding connected for clockwise rotation and figure 12 shows the same
windings connected for counter clockwise rotation.

Fig.11. Single voltage Capacitor

Motor Fig. 12. Single voltage Cap.
Motor
connected for clockwise rotation connected for CCW rotation

To reverse the rotation of the motor, it is necessary to interchange the starting winding
leads with respect to running winding leads or vice versa.
Just as in other types of motor, the number of poles in this motor determines its speed:
The more poles the lower the speed, the fewer poles, the greater the speed. The four
pole motor is most common. Figure 13 and 14 illustrate a four pole series connected
capacitor motor.

Fig.13. Straight line diagram of a four pole capacitor

start motor

In figure 14, (base on the connection diagram from fig 13)

terminals T1 and T2 are connected together to line lead 1.
terminal T3 and T4 are connected toether to line lead 2.
 Fig. 14. Connection diagram of a
4pole capacitor motor

2. Single Voltage Non-reversible Capacitor

Motor. If the starting winding leads are
connected internally to the leads of the
running winding, the rotation of the motor
cannot be reverse unless the motor is taken
apart and the leads reverse. Some motors
are made in this manner because their
application requires only one direction.
Figure 15 shows this type of motor with two
external leads.
Fig. 15. Non reversible
Capacitor motor

3. Two Voltage Reversible Capacitor Motor. This motor provides for external reversing
by means of two additional leads that brought out from the starting winding circuit.
Figure 16 shows the connection for clockwise (CW) and counterclockwise (CCW)
respectively for 110volts. Figure 18 and 19 shows the connection for 220volts.

Fig. 16. (a) CW (b) CCW rotation of two voltage (110V/220V) reversible motor

Two – Speed Capacitor – Start Motor

One method of changing the speed on a capacitor – start motor is to change the
number of poles in the winding. To accomplish this, two separate running windings are
LEARNING MODULE SURIGAO STATE COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY

placed in the slots. Usually these consist of a six – pole winding and an eight – pole
winding. One starting winding is used, which acts in conjunction with higher speed
running winding. The centrifugal switch is of double action or transfer type having two
contact points on the start side of the switch and one contact points on the run side of
the switch. An external switch is used to change the speed of the motor.

Fig. 17.Two-speed capacitor-start

motor. This motor always starts on
high- speed.

Activity 3: Reversing single phase (Capacitor-start motor).

Objectives:
1. Disassemble and assemble a capacitor motor
2. Reverse the rotation of capacitor start

motor Required components/materials and tools.

1. Single phase (capacitor start motor)

2. Electrician pliers and screw drivers

Procedure:

Given the required materials and tools:

DisassembleanACcapacitorstart motor
Identify the main parts of the motor
Reverse the direction of rotation of capacitor start motor
Assemble the capacitor-start motor

EET 3111- ELECTRICAL MACHINES Page 1

1
LEARNING MODULE SURIGAO STATE COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY

VII. Self-evaluation Answer the following questions:

1. Differentiate Split-phase motor and capacitor start-motor

2. Draw the schematics diagram of a CCW single voltage reversible capacitor start-motor.

3. Draw the schematic diagram of a six leads out two voltage reversible capacitor motor
connected for high voltage operation in CCW rotation.

4. Identify the main parts of a split-phase motor from the figure shown below.

EET 3111- ELECTRICAL MACHINES Page 12

 VIII. Review of Concepts

AC motor is a machine that converts electrical energy to mechanical energy through

an alternating current. It performs a variety of useful services. An AC single phase motor
are designed to operate from a single phase supply. Single phase motors are generally
manufactured in fractional HP or horsepower ratings.

In induction machines, the rotor voltage (which produces the rotor current and the
rotor magnetic field) is not physically connected by wires to the rotor windings it is
induced in the rotor. The main advantage of induction motors is that there is no need
for dc field current to run the machine. An induction machine can be used as a motor or
a generator. However, it has many disadvantages as a generator.

The main parts of a single phase motor are: (1) rotor which is rotating part, (2)
stator- stationary part, (3) end plates or bracket which is fastened at the stator by means
of bolts and nuts, (4) the centrifugal switch that cuts the starting winding circuit when
motor reach a predetermine speed and (5) a capacitor which act as a high storage of
current in the circuit of the motor.

In a single phase motor two windings named as main winding and starting winding
are provided. At the time of starting, both the main and starting windings should be
connected across the supply to produce the rotating magnetic field.

The two main types of rotors are squirrel-cage and wound rotors.

A single phase motor can be reversed by interchanging the terminal leads of running
and starting windings

The speed of a single phase motor are variable and can be varied by changing
terminal leads T1 to T6 for 6 leads out motor.

VII. References :

Rosenberg, Robert. B.S. Electric Motor Repair. A Practical book on the winding, repair
and troubleshooting of Ac and DC motors and Controllers. Enlarge edition, Rinehart and
company, Inc., Technical Division New York, USA.

Rosenberg, Robert. (1970). Electric Motor Repair 2nd Ed., Brooklyn New York
Holt, Rinchart’s and Winston, Inc.

Alerich, Walter N.(1998). Electric Motor Control 4th Ed, Delmar Publisher Inc.
 COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY
First Semester, AY 2020-2021

EET 311 – ELECTRICAL MACHINES

LEARNING MODULE 1
AC Single Phase Motor

Name: Date:

Year / Course and Section:

PRE TEST : Multiple Choice: Choose the correct answer on the statement written below and
encircle the letter that corresponds to the correct answer.

1. AC single phase motor of fractional horsepower size and is used to operate

such devices as washing machines, oil burners and small pumps.
a. Split-phase motor b. Capacitor start Motor
c. Three phase motor d. Generator
2. Part of a split-phase motor which consist of three essential elements, the core
the shaft and the squirrel cage windings
a. rotor b. stator
c. end plates or bracket d. centrifugal switch
3. It composes of a laminated iron core with semi closed slots, a heavy cast iron
or steel frame into which the core is pressed and two windings of insulated
wire that is wound into the slots and are called running and starting windings.
a. rotor b. stator
c. end plates or bracket d. centrifugal switch
4. This are fastened to the frame of the stator with screw and bolts and serve
mainly to keep the rotor in position. this sustained the weight of the rotor, keep
it precisely centered within the stator and permit rotation without allowing the
rotor to rub in the stator .
a. rotor b. stator
c. end plates or bracket d. centrifugal switch
5.Tthis is located inside the motor. Its function is to disconnect the starting
winding after the rotor has reached a predetermined speed.
a. rotor b. stator
c. end plates or bracket d. centrifugal switch
6. A motor that operates on alternating current and is made in sizes ranging
from 1/20 to 10 hp. It is widely used to operate such machine as refrigerator,
compressors, oil burners, and washing machines. Its construction is the same
as split-phase motor, but an additional unit called capacitor is connected in
series with the starting or auxiliary winding.
 a. Split-phase motor b. Capacitor start Motor
c. Three phase motor d. Generator
7. This motor has four leads brought outside the housing, two from the running
winding and two from the starting winding circuit. These four leads are
necessary if external reversing is required.
a. Single voltage reversible motor
b. Two Voltage Reversible Motor.
c. Two speed single voltage reversible motor
d. . all of the above
8. A method of changing the speed on a single phase motor is to change
the number of poles in the winding, this motor is called,
a. Single voltage reversible motor
b. Two Voltage Reversible Motor.
c. Two speed single voltage reversible motor
d. . all of the above
9. A capacitor made with paper that has been impregnated with oil
and inserted in a container that is filled with oil.
a. oil-Filled capacitor b. Paper capacitor
c. electrolytic capacitor d. oil-paper capacitor
10. A capacitor that is formed when two conductor usually metal
are separated by an insulator such as wax paper.
a. oil-Filled capacitor b. Paper capacitor
c. electrolytic capacitor d. oil-paper capacitor
 COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY
First Semester, AY 2020-2021

EET 311 – ELECTRICAL MACHINES

LEARNING MODULE 1
AC Single Phase Motor

Name: Date:

Year / Course and Section:

POST TEST: Multiple Choice: Choose the correct answer on the statement written below and
encircle the letter that corresponds to the correct answer.

1. AC single phase motor of fractional horsepower size and is used to operate

such devices as washing machines, oil burners and small pumps.
a. Split-phase motor b. Capacitor start Motor
c. Three phase motor d. Generator
2. Part of a split-phase motor which consist of three essential elements, the core
the shaft and the squirrel cage windings.
a. rotor b. stator c. end plates or bracket d. centrifugal switch
3. It composes of a laminated iron core with semi closed slots, a heavy cast iron
or steel frame into which the core is pressed and two windings of insulated
wire that is wound into the slots and are called running and starting windings.
a. rotor b. stator c. end plates or bracket d. centrifugal switch
4. This are fastened to the frame of the stator with screw and bolts and serve
mainly to keep the rotor in position. This sustained the weight of the rotor, keep
it precisely centered within the stator and permit rotation without allowing the
rotor to rub in the stator .
a. rotor b. stator c. end plates or bracket d. centrifugal switch
5.This is located inside the motor. Its function is to disconnect the starting
winding after the rotor has reached a predetermined speed.
a. rotor b. stator c. end plates or bracket d. centrifugal switch
6. A motor that operates on alternating current and is made in sizes ranging
from 1/20 to 10 hp. It is widely used to operate such machine as refrigerator,
compressors, oil burners, and washing machines. Its construction is the same
as split-phase motor, but an additional unit called capacitor is connected in
series with the starting or auxiliary winding.
a. Split-phase motor b. Capacitor start Motor
c. Three phase motor d. Generator
7. This motor has four leads brought outside the housing, two from the running
winding and two from the starting winding circuit. These four leads are
necessary if external reversing is required.
 a. Single voltage reversible motor b. Two Voltage Reversible Motor.
c. Two speed single voltage reversible motor d. . all of the above
8. A method of changing the speed on a single phase motor is to change the
number of poles in the winding, this motor is called,
a. Single voltage reversible motor b. Two Voltage Reversible Motor.
c. Two speed single voltage reversible motor d. all of the above
9. A capacitor made with paper that has been impregnated with oil and
inserted in a container that is filled with oil.
a. oil-Filled capacitor b. Paper capacitor
c. electrolytic capacitor d. oil-paper capacitor
10. A capacitor that is formed when two conductor usually metal
are separated by an insulator such as wax paper.
a. oil-Filled capacitor b. Paper capacitor
c. electrolytic capacitor c. oil-paper capacitor
11. The stationary part of spilt phase motor.
a. rotor b. stator c. endplates d. centrifugal switch
12. A single phase motor which the capacitor phase on the
circuit only during stationary period.
a. Split-phase motor b. capacitor -start motor
c. permanent split-phase cap. Motor d. two value cap.motor
13. A single phase motor using different values of capacity for starting
and running condition.
a. Split phase motor b. capacitor-start motor
c .permanent-split cap.motor d. two value cap. Motor
14. A single phase motor varying in sizes from 1/200 HP to 1/3 HP
a. shaded pole motor b. universal motor
c. repulsion motor d. split phase motor
15. If operation of 230 volts the divided, the two section of
the running winding is connected to .
a. Series b. parallel
c. parallel series d. series parallel
16. A single phase motor which has the stator winding arrange
for a connection to a source of power and a rotor winding
connected to a commutator.
a. Split phase motor b. capacitor motor
c. repulsion motor d. shaded pole motor
17. A single phase motor which can be operated with direct current
and alternating current at approximately at the same speed.
a. Split phase motor b. capacitor motor
c. universal motor d. repulsion motor
18. A dual voltage reversible capacitor motor has terminal
leads brought outside the motor.
a. 2 b. 4 c. 6 d. 8
19. A single voltage reversible capacitor motor has terminal
leads brought outside the motor.
a. 2 b. 4 c. 6 d. 8
20. A single voltage non-reversible capacitor motor has

terminal brought outside the motor

a. 2 b. 4 c. 6 d. 8