CHAPTER-I Smart Parking

CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study
Smart parking can be considered as one of the Internet of Things applications, a
technology which appeared firstly in 1999.More specifically ,IoT can be regarded as concept
under which a group of things/objects that can be connected via wireless and wired connections,
Things can interact with each other for the creation of new services or even applications. With
the growth of population and economic development, the number of vehicles on the road is
increasing day by day. Parking is becoming one of the major problems for cities, and is
becoming very costly. For instance, finding parking space during work is challenging. It is more
frustrating for the users to search for a parking spot in a parking lot. To overcome this problem
many parking guidance systems have been proposed in recent years that try to enhance the basic
parking system. All the systems require a mechanism to detect if a vehicle is in the parking spot.
The person can register for the parking slot to park his/her car. A unique id is generated for
registered user. The system will calculate the parking spaces in real-time.
This system assists management/improvement of a parking area. The Facial Recognition
integrated with an IoT device so that we avoid any misuse of space and increase the efficiency of
parking. We will use Facial Recognition to identify the driver. We will have a Database from
which we will verify the driver and the vehicle. The car will be allowed only if the driver and the
vehicle image matches with that in the database and IoT would be integrated with the gate of the
parking spot.
Face Recognition has its fair share of advantages over other biometric systems such as
fingerprint/palm/iris. Distance is not a problem in face recognition so identification does not
require direct contact with the person. So time required for biometric verification will minimize
to a great extent which makes it the most convenient option. There are various algorithms for
facial recognition available. Initially, we have images of people at different angles in our
database. So the degree at which car comes would not affect the validation system.
Objectives of the Study
The system aimed to design and develop the Automated Parking Lot System Using IoT
(Internet of Things)
Specifically, this study aimed to:
1. Designs the following system features.
a. Develop and asses the benefits of an Automated Parking System using
Internet of Things (IoT).
b. Reduces the problem of car parking in Capiz State University (Pontevedra
Campus)
c. To develop an intelligent, user friendly automated car parking system which
reduces the manpower and traffic congestion.
d. Security feature that will ensure that only authorized users can access the system;
e. Create a Biometric feature which is Facial Recognition for the access and security
of the parking area.
f. Log-in and Log-out feature for the car parking system.

g. Determines the acceptability level of Automated Car Parking System using
Internet of Things by the Capiz State University Pontevedra Campus and other
people with vehicles:
a. Product Quality
a. 1. Functional Suitability
a. 2. Performance Efficiency
a. 3. Compatibility
a. 4. Usability
a. 5. Reliability
a. 6. Security
a. 7. Maintainability
a. 8. Portability
b. Quality in Use
b. 1. Effectiveness
b. 2. Efficiency
b. 3. Satisfaction
b. 4. Freedom for Risk
b. 5. Context Coverage
Scopes and Limitation of the study
In both the public and private sector, the issue of security has come to the
forefront of everyday life. Providing a safe and secure facility for automobiles is
becoming an issue for all building owners. It’s important to consider the fact that some
parking violations are more severe than others.
This study focuses on the information generated by smart parking solutions which
allows parking control agencies to maximize the value of available resources through the
system. The study is a designed Automated Smart Parking System therefore discuss how
the system works with benefits of the users and how the system will help the better
management of the existing spaces for parking areas and how the system could help the
drivers to reduce the search time dramatically.
Significance of the Study
This study is conducted to benefit the following:
Students. This study may serve as a guide and reference for the students undertaking
similar studies.
System Users. This will help them to always park and retrieve their cars in well-lit,
comfortable transfer areas.
Professors. This research will aid them their discussions regarding related lessons. It will
be easier for them to tackle related topics about this research.

Future Researchers. This research will be useful reference for the researchers who
would plan to make any related study. Overall, this study will aid the students, the home
owners, Professors and the Future Researchers in giving a standard and synchronized
way of making their work accessible.
Definition of Terms
Breadboard. A board for making an experimental model of an electric circuit (Oxford
Living Dictionaries, 2018).
In this study, it refers to the board wherein the device is attached.
Copper Wire. Metal drawn out into the form of a thin flexible thread or rod (Oxford
Living Dictionaries, 2018).
In this study, it refers to use of the device that connected to the components on the
wiring.
Arduino Uno. An open-source microcontroller board based Microchip ATmega328P
microcontroller and developed by Arduino.cc. The board is equipped with sets of digital
and analog input/output pins that may be interfaced to various expansions boards and
other circuits.
Servo Motor. A rotary actuator or linear actuator that allows for precise control of
angular or linear position, velocity and acceleration. It consists of a suitable motor
coupled to a sensor for position feedback.
Monitor. An instrument or device used for observing, checking, or keeping a continuous
record of a process or quantity.

Facial Recognition. A technology capable of matching a human face from a digital
image or a video frame against a database of faces , typically employed to authenticate
users through ID verification services, works by pinpointing and measuring facial feature
from a given image.
Soldering Iron. An electrical tool used for melting solder and applying it to metals that
are to be joining (Oxford Living Dictionaries, 2018).
In this study, it refers to the device that is used to melting solder and applying to other
components that are needed to be joined.

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CHAPTER I

Background of the Study

Smart parking can be considered as one of the Internet of Things applications, a

This system assists management/improvement of a parking area. The Facial Recognition

fingerprint/palm/iris. Distance is not a problem in face recognition so identification does not

Objectives of the Study

Specifically, this study aimed to:

1. Designs the following system features.

a. Develop and asses the benefits of an Automated Parking System using

Internet of Things (IoT).

b. Reduces the problem of car parking in Capiz State University (Pontevedra

c. To develop an intelligent, user friendly automated car parking system which

reduces the manpower and traffic congestion.

of the parking area.

f. Log-in and Log-out feature for the car parking system.

people with vehicles:

b. 4. Freedom for Risk

parking violations are more severe than others.

drivers to reduce the search time dramatically.

Significance of the Study

This study is conducted to benefit the following:

comfortable transfer areas.

be easier for them to tackle related topics about this research.

way of making their work accessible.

Breadboard. A board for making an experimental model of an electric circuit (Oxford

Living Dictionaries, 2018).

In this study, it refers to the board wherein the device is attached.

Living Dictionaries, 2018).

Arduino Uno. An open-source microcontroller board based Microchip ATmega328P

angular or linear position, velocity and acceleration. It consists of a suitable motor

coupled to a sensor for position feedback.

Monitor. An instrument or device used for observing, checking, or keeping a continuous

record of a process or quantity.

image or a video frame against a database of faces , typically employed to authenticate

from a given image.

are to be joining (Oxford Living Dictionaries, 2018).

components that are needed to be joined.

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