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    Structural Materials: 1. Metals 2. Polymers 3. Ceramics 4. Composites

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    djsiraj834
    The document discusses different types of structural materials including metals, polymers, ceramics, and composites. It provides examples of materials in each category and describes their properties and applications in construction and manufacturing. Composites are defined as materials made from two or more materials that are stronger or more durable than the individual components.

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    Structural Materials: 1. Metals 2. Polymers 3. Ceramics 4. Composites

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    djsiraj834
    42 views43 pages
    The document discusses different types of structural materials including metals, polymers, ceramics, and composites. It provides examples of materials in each category and describes their properties and applications in construction and manufacturing. Composites are defined as materials made from two or more materials that are stronger or more durable than the individual components.

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    The document discusses different types of structural materials including metals, polymers, ceramics, and composites. It provides examples of materials in each category and describes their properties and applications in construction and manufacturing. Composites are defined as materials made from two or more materials that are stronger or more durable than the individual components.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    42 views43 pages

    Structural Materials: 1. Metals 2. Polymers 3. Ceramics 4. Composites

    Uploaded by

    djsiraj834
    The document discusses different types of structural materials including metals, polymers, ceramics, and composites. It provides examples of materials in each category and describes their properties and applications in construction and manufacturing. Composites are defined as materials made from two or more materials that are stronger or more durable than the individual components.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 43

    Structural Materials

    1. Metals
    2. Polymers
    3. Ceramics
    4. Composites

    6/9/2011 CE 556 - Introduction


    Metals
    1.Copper 1.Steel
    2.Bronze 2.Aluminum
    3.Brass 3.Titanium
    4.Cast iron 4.Alloys

    6/9/2011 CE 556 - Introduction


    Polymers
    1.Wood 1.Nylon
    2.Leather 2.Acrylics
    3.Rubber 3.Polyesters
    4.Plastic 4.Advanced
    Polymers

    6/9/2011 CE 556 - Introduction


    Ceramics
    1.Stone 1.Portland Cement
    2.Pottery 2.Fused Silica
    3.Glass 3.Advanced Ceramics
    4.Cement

    6/9/2011 CE 556 - Introduction


    Working Definition

    Composites are made from two or


    more distinct materials that when
    combined are better (stronger,
    tougher, and/or more durable) than
    each would be separately.

    6/9/2011 CE 556 - Introduction


    Composites
    1.Bricks 1. Carbon Fiber
    2.Paper Reinforced
    Plastics
    3.Fiberglass
    2. Metal Matrix
    4.Kevlar Composites
    3. Ceramic
    Composites
    6/9/2011 CE 556 - Introduction
    Types of Composites

    1. Continuous fiber composite


    2. Woven fiber composite
    3. Chopped fiber composite
    4. Hybrid fiber composite

    6/9/2011 CE 556 - Introduction


    Continuous
    Fiber Composite

    6/9/2011 CE 556 - Introduction


    6/9/2011 CE 556 - Introduction
    Chopped
    Fiber Composite

    6/9/2011 CE 556 - Introduction


    6/9/2011 CE 556 - Introduction
    6/9/2011 CE 556 - Introduction
    Sandwich Panel
    High Strength
    Composite Laminate
    Facing
    Film
    Adhesive

    6/9/2011 CE 556 - Introduction


    High Strength
    Composite Laminate
    Facing
    Film
    Adhesive

    Low Density Honeycomb


    Core

    6/9/2011 CE 556 - Introduction


    High Strength
    Composite Laminate
    Facing
    Film
    Adhesive

    Low Density Honeycomb


    Core
    6/9/2011 CE 556 - Introduction
    6/9/2011 CE 556 - Introduction
    6/9/2011 CE 556 - Introduction
    6/9/2011 CE 556 - Introduction
    Fiber Materials

    Fiberglass Carbon fibers


    ● E-glass ● PAN precursor
    ● S-glass ○ AS-4 (Hercules)
    ○ IM-7 (Hercules)
    ○ T-300 (Amoco)
    ○ T-650/42 (Amoco)

    6/9/2011 CE 556 - Introduction


    Fiber Materials

    ●Carbon fibers ●Aramid fibers


    ○ Pitch precursor ○ Kevlar 29
    ■ P-55 (Amoco) (Dupont)
    ■ P-75 (Amoco) ○ Kevlar 49
    ■ P-100 (Amoco)
    (Dupont)
    ●Boron fibers

    6/9/2011 CE 556 - Introduction


    COMPOSITES
    ADVANTAGES

    High Strength with Low Weight

    Composites exhibit a higher strength to


    weight ratio than steel or aluminum
    and can be engineered to provide a
    wide range of tensile, flexural and
    impact strength properties.
    6/9/2011 CE 556 - Introduction
    COMPOSITES
    ADVANTAGES
    ● Corrosion Resistant
    Composites are corrosion resistant to most
    chemicals, do not suffer from electrolysis
    and incorporate long term benefits
    ● Longevity

    6/9/2011 CE 556 - Introduction


    E-Glas
    s

    S-Glas
    s

    6/9/2011 CE 556 - Introduction


    Kevla
    r

    Graphit
    e
    6/9/2011 CE 556 - Introduction
    6/9/2011 CE 556 - Introduction
    Various Composite
    Products

    6/9/2011 CE 556 - Introduction


    Composite Wrapped
    Reinforced Concrete
    Column

    6/9/2011 CE 556 - Introduction


    Fiberglass
    Prepeg
    6/9/2011 CE 556 - Introduction
    Pultrusion
    6/9/2011
    Products
    CE 556 - Introduction
    Sandwich
    Panels
    Graphite Prepeg
    6/9/2011
    Tapes
    CE 556 - Introduction
    Woven
    Composites
    6/9/2011 CE 556 - Introduction
    Composit
    e
    Material
    Snowboar
    d
    Propfan
    Blades
    for the
    Gulfstream 2
    6/9/2011 CE 556 - Introduction
    Applications

    1. Aerospace 1. Materials Handling


    2. Automotive 2. Heavy Equipment
    3. Chemical 3. Offshore Exploration
    4. Electrical/Electronics 4. Food Processing
    5. Medical 5. Wastewater Treatment
    6. Semiconductor 6. Infrastructure
    7. Oil Refinery 7. Tomorrow's Industry

    6/9/2011 CE 556 - Introduction


    Aerospace

    Plastics are used for their high


    strength-to-weight ratios. Many high-tech
    plastics were originally developed as a result
    of research for the space programs.
    Advanced polymers are used because of the
    extreme temperatures found at high- altitudes
    and in outer space. Low friction, high
    strength, and temperature stability are often
    6/9/2011 CE 556 - Introduction
    important reasons why plastics are used.
    Automotive
    Higher strength materials that are lightweight
    and easy to fabricate. Plastics can provide
    cost- effective solutions to many difficult
    applications. Newer high-performance
    plastics can withstand the high temperatures
    of engine compartments and maintain
    excellent resistance to combustion products
    and solvents. Composite materials are
    strong,
    6/9/2011 wear-resistant, and can handle high
    CE 556 - Introduction
    Chemical

    Chemical manufacturing can provide high


    temperature, high pressure, and corrosive
    environments for all materials. Using the
    latest plastic materials, process vessels,
    tanks and seals can be made which can
    withstand the most severe chemical agents.
    With proper material selection, expensive
    down-time and component failure can be
    6/9/2011 CE 556 - Introduction
    avoided.
    Medical

    Plastics are involved in critical surgeries,


    life-saving efforts, and routine medical
    procedures. Plastic materials can be
    sterilized hundreds of times without
    degradation. Lightweight plastics are used to
    form replacement joints, non-surgical
    supports, and therapy equipment.
    6/9/2011 CE 556 - Introduction
    Heavy Equipment

    Plastics are frequently used in manufacturing


    and maintenance of the heavy equipment.
    Because of their toughness, durability, and
    high impact strength, plastics are used for
    wear plates, bearings, rollers, and other
    load-bearing members in this industry.

    6/9/2011 CE 556 - Introduction


    Infrastructure Applications

    ● Composite materials are an alternative to


    traditional construction materials.
    ● They have more environmental resistance
    and require less maintenance and repair.
    ● Composites are lightweight and flexible in
    net shape fabrication.
    ● Construction time and labor cost can be
    reduced.

    6/9/2011 CE 556 - Introduction


    Infrastructure Applications

    ● Retrofit and/or reinforce existing structures.


    ○ Provide external reinforcement to concrete
    columns to increase their earthquake
    resistance
    ○ Flat composite laminates have been bonded to
    the exterior surface of reinforced concrete
    decks to increase their bending stiffness.
    ● Other possible application include highway
    bridges, power transmission towers, buildings,
    and retaining walls.

    6/9/2011 CE 556 - Introduction


    Some Manufacturing Processes

    1. Hand Lay Up
    2. Spray Up
    3. Compression Molding
    4. Injection Molding
    5. Filament Winding
    6. Pultrusion

    6/9/2011 CE 556 - Introduction

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