Roll No 28

Institute of Energy and Environmental Engineering
Univerity of Punjab, Lahore Pakistan

BSc. (Engg.) Energy Engineering [Evening- Program]
ASSIGNMENT ON:
➢ Analytical Instruments at IEEE
COURSE TITLE:
➢ Analytical Technique
COURSE CODE:
➢ CY-121
SUBMITTED BY:
➢ Muhammad Amir
➢ EN-20E-28
SUBMITTED TO:
➢ Dr. Hassan Zeb
SUBMISSION DATE:
➢ 17 August, 2021.
Coal Characterization and Research Laboratory 1
Analytical instrument # 1
Instrument name CHNOS Analyzer
Model CHNOS Analyzer ASTM-D-
Location Coal Characterization and Research Laboratory 1
Use Rapidly determine the carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulfur,
or oxygen in inorganic and other types of materials. Our
proven elemental analyzers handle a wide variety of sample
types including solids, liquids, volatile and viscous
samples.
Instrument name Automatic Tag Flash Point Analyzer
Model OIL-LAB-690 Tag
Use For the determination of the flash point of liquids with a
viscosity below 5.5 mm2/s (cSt) at 40°C (104°F), or below
9.5 mm2/s (cSt) at 25°C (77°F), and a flash point below
93°C (200°F). The specimen is placed in the cup of the
tester and, with the lid closed, heated at a slow constant rate.
An ignition source is directed into the cup at regular
intervals.
Instrument name Semi-Automatic Cleve-land Flash Point Analyzer
Model D-92
Use The Semi-Automated Cleveland Open Cup Flash Point
Tester accurately determines flash and fire point
temperatures of viscous petroleum products.
Analytical Instrument # 4
Instrument Name: 6 Places Digital Viscometer bath
Model No.: ASTMD-445/IP 71
Location: Coal Characterization and Research Laboratory 1
Use: Viscometers have wide and varied applications in the
materials science and chemical industries for materials such as
oil, asphalt, plastics, wax, paints, coatings, and adhesives.
They are also used for food and beverages and personal-care
products such as cosmetics, shampoo, and toothpaste.
Measuring viscosity is important when considering process
conditions for materials that need to be pumped or piped.
Viscosity also affects dipping and coating performance, which
is particularly relevant to paints and inks.
Viscosity is a very useful indirect measure of material
properties including molecular weight and density, both of
which affect flow behavior. Viscometers can therefore be
used to monitor batch consistency and quality control.
Amount of The EMS viscometer requires only very small sample
sample: quantities (0.3 mL).
State of sample: Liquid
Instrument name Electric Abel Flash Point Analyzer
Model LT/AF-82000/ME
Use The fundamental reason for the requirement of flash point
measurements is to assess the safety hazard of a liquid or
semi-solid with regard to its flammability and then classify
the liquid into a group. The lower the flash point
temperature, the greater the risk.
Amount of sample Up-to the marked value that is 70ml
used
State of sample Liquid
Instrument name Copper Corrosion
Model LT/CS-144000/ME
Importance Corrosion is a very important think because it determines
how much time a material lasts without starting to lose is
primary properties.
Instrument name Electric Tag Open Cup Flash Point
Model LT/To-95000/M Tag Open
Use Flash point testing is a procedure designed to determine
whether a sampled mixture of vapor and air is flammable.
It can also determine the temperature at which flammability
occurs in a sample. The lowest temperature at which its
vapors ignite from an ignition source is the flash point of a
material.
Amount of sample Up-to marked value that is 70ml
used
Instrument name: BET surface area analyzer
Use Surface area analyzers help researchers obtain the area or
pore size of surfaces on samples as diverse as
pharmaceuticals and activated carbon by measuring their
gas sorption capabilities. Samples are placed in a sealed
chamber and are cleaned through the application of heat,
vacuum, and flowing inert gas.
Instrument name Automatic Abel Flash Point Analyzer
Model OIL-LAB-650-Abel
Use For flash point determination of petroleum products and
other liquids having flash points between -30°C and 110°C.
The Automatic Abel Flash Point Tester is used primarily to
test flammable and combustible materials for shipping and
safety regulations.
Instrument name Automatic PMCC Flash Point Analyzer
Model OiLLab – 600 Pensky Martens
Use The Herzog Opti-Flash Pensky Martens determines the
flash point of petroleum products, biodiesels, solvents,
fluxed bitumen, food, and beverages up to 400°C. Fire
detection in extended range around test cup and flash
detection outside the cup.
Amount of sample 70ml
used
Instrument name Automatic Cleveland Flash Point Analyzer
Model OIL-LAB-670-SA
Use The Automated Cleveland Open Cup Flash Point Tester
accurately determines flash and fire point temperatures of
viscous petroleum products including oils and bitumen’s
over an extended temperature range.
used
Instrument name Oxidation Stability Liquid Bath
Model LT/OX-192000L-M
Use Determines oxidation stability of mineral transformer oils
by measuring the amount of sludge and acid formed under
prescribed accelerated aging conditions.
Amount of Oxygen 1 ±0.1L/h
Instrument name Dew Point Analyzer
Model LT/DP-172000-M
Use A dew point analyzer measures the saturation point of the
air in a given application, which is the exact temperature at
which water vapor will condense into liquid moisture on
surfaces.
Instrument name Ash Fusion Analyzer
Model Ash Fusion Analyzer ASTM-D-1857
Use Advance Ash Fusion Tester is used for checking the Fusion
Temperature of Coal and Coke Ash. The behavior of the
coal's ash residue at high temperature is a critical factor in
selecting coal for boilers and furnaces.
Amount of sample 1-1.25kg
used
State of sample Solid
Environmental chemistry Lab/ Coal Research Laboratory 2
Instrument name Electronic Balance
Model BSM-420-3
Location Environmental chemistry Lab/ Coal Research Laboratory
2
Use Analytical balances are precision measuring instruments
used in quantitative chemical analysis, to determine the
mass of solid objects, liquids, powders and granular
substances.
Limit 300g
Instrument name Digital Say bolt & Red Wood No 2 Viscometer
Model ASTM-D-88/IP 70
2
Use The Digital Say Bolt Viscometer a device used to measure
the viscosity of a fluid such as an asphalt.
Instrument name Ambient Air Analyzer
Model Nooa – 600
2
Use The ambient air analyzers proposed by HTDS allow the
analysis of NO, NO2 NOx, CO, CO2, NH3, H2S and SO2
gases in ambient air. They are major tools for the
environmental policies of local authorities, public and
private companies and states to monitor air pollution.
Instrument name Gas Pycnometer
Model PYC-100A
2
Use A gas pycnometer is a laboratory device used for measuring
the density or, more accurately, the volume of solids, be
they regularly shaped, porous or non-porous, monolithic,
powdered, granular or in some way comminuted,
employing some method of gas displacement and the
volume: pressure relationship known as Boyle's Law.
Instrument name Solid Gas Cyclone Separator
Model
2
Use Gas cyclone separator is widely used in industries to
separate dust from gas or for product recovery because of
its geometrical simplicity, relative economy in power and
flexibility. The conventional method of predicting the flow
field and the collection efficiency of a cyclone is empirical.
Instrument name Portable Density Meter
Model Densito
2
Use A portable density meter, or digital hydrometer, provides
automatic temperature compensation and measures the
density digitally with a U-shaped hollow glass tube, which
is put into oscillation. Handheld digital density meters can
be used in the lab or in the field in a variety of industries:
chemical, F&B, and more.
Instrument name Digital Density Meter
Model DS-7800
2
Use Digital density meters are used in the pharmaceutical,
petroleum, chemical, and food and beverage industries for
quality control and in research and development. Density
meters work by measuring the oscillation of a glass tube
that contains the sample.
Instrument name Dual Beam Scanning Spectrophotometer
Model GENESYS-150
2
Use The purpose of this instrument is to determine the amount
of light of a specific wavelength absorbed by an analyte in
a sample. Although samples can be gases or liquids, an
analyte dissolved in a solvent is discussed here.
Amount of sample 1-2ml
used
Instrument name Digital Bomb Calorimeter
Model 62000
2
Use It is used for determination of calorific value of liquid &
Solid fuels.
Amount of sample 1g
used
State of sample Solid in powder form
Instrument name Automatic Iso-peribol Calorimeter
Model 64000-EF
2
Use It can be used to determine the calorific value of solid and
liquid combustibles such as coal, coke, petroleum oil,
cement black meal, biomass fuels as well as building
material.
Amount of sample 1g
used
Instrument name H2S Analyzer
Model H2S Analyzer
2
Use Electrochemical H2S Analyzers provide users with
accurate measurements, the option for either unattended
monitoring or spot-checking and a low price point – all in a
single compact footprint.
Amount of sample 2KPa-30KPa
used
State of sample Gas
Instrument name Helium Pycnometer
Model PYC-100A
2
Use Gas psychometry is a non-destructive technique that uses
gas displacement to measure volume accurately, making it
ideal for testing true density. Using a helium pycnometer,
we simply seal a sample of known weight into the
compartment, which is maintained at a constant
temperature.
Amount of sample 200cc
used
Instrument name Total Organic Carbon Analyzer TOC
Model X-Pert TOC
2
Use TOC is the first chemical analysis to be carried out on
potential petroleum source rock in oil exploration. It is very
important in detecting contaminants in drinking water,
cooling water, water used in semiconductor manufacturing,
and water for pharmaceutical use.
used
Instrument name Kinematic Viscometer
Model S-Flow-870
2
Use Kinematic viscosity is a measure of a fluid's internal
resistance to flow under gravitational forces. It is
determined by measuring the time in seconds, required for
a fixed volume of fluid to flow a known distance by gravity
through a capillary within a calibrated viscometer at a
closely controlled temperature.
Amount of sample 0.7ml
used
Instrument name Particle Size Analyzer
Model Blue Wave
2
Use Particle analyzers are used to determine the size and
distribution of particles making up a material. Particle size
analyzers are used in numerous fields for research and
development, manufacturing and for quality control and
product testing.
Instrument name Drooping Point analyzer
Model Nova – 600
2
Use The dropping point of a grease is the temperature at which
it passes from a semi-solid to a liquid state. The dropping
point test determines the cohesiveness of the oil and
thickener of a grease.
Coal Research Laboratory-3
Instrument name Box furnace
Model M# BF5172-BC
Location Coal research Laboratory 3
Use They are used to provide heat for a process or can serve as
reactor which provides heats of reaction. Furnace designs
vary as to its function, heating duty, type of fuel and method
of introducing combustion air. Heat is generated by an
industrial furnace by mixing fuel with air or oxygen, or
from electrical energy.
Instrument name Muffle Furnace
Model MF-1/-02
Use Muffle furnaces are most often utilized in laboratories as a
compact means of creating extremely high-temperature
atmospheres. They are employed to test the characteristics
of materials at extremely high and accurate temperatures. A
muffle furnace is also known as a retort furnace.
Instrument name Manual Oxygen Bomb Calorimeter
Model 1341
Use It is used to find gross and net calorific of a fuel.
Amount of sample 1g
used
Instrument name Digital Drying Oven
Model DOD-1-105/02
Use These ovens are recommended for critical and analytical
use in laboratory and pilot plant product research. Typical
applications for the oven include aging, asphalt testing,
curing, drying, pre-heating, conditioning and life cycle
testing.
Instrument name Intelligent Ph meter
Model MPM-101
Use A pH meter is an instrument used to measure acidity or
alkalinity of a solution - also known as ph.
Instrument name Tube Furnace
Model TF-1/02
Use Typical applications of tube furnaces include the
purification, coating, drying, hardening or ageing of
samples. Among other uses, a tube furnace can also be used
for annealing, brazing, calcination, degassing, sintering,
soldering, sublimation, synthesis, and tempering.
Amount of sample 0.255g
used
State of sample solid
Instrument name Moisture oven
Model 100
Use Laboratory ovens are standard equipment found in most
clinical, forensic, electronics, material processing, and,
research laboratories. Laboratory ovens provide uniform
temperature and precise temperature control for heating,
baking, evaporating, sterilizing and other industrial
laboratory functions.
Instrument name WI seven Moisture
Model WI seven Moisture
Use A moisture meter is an essential instrument used in many
industries to detect moisture content in materials. Home
and building inspectors rely on moisture meters to identify
potential problems and damage to structures from moisture
buildup.01
Instrument name Volatile Matter Furnace
Model Carbolite VMF-10/s
Use The furnace is used for the determination of volatile matter
in coal and coke by ASTM methods. ... A thermocouple
may be inserted through a hole in the bottom of the furnace
so that it touches the bottom of the crucible, permitting
accurate temperature measurement during the test.
Amount of sample 1g
used
Instrument name Coal Ash Furnace
Model AAF-11/18
Use Reusing coal ash can create many environmental,
economic, and product benefits including: Environmental
benefits such as reduced greenhouse gas emissions, reduced
need for disposing in landfills, and reduced use of other
materials.
Amount of sample 1g
used
Instrument name Simple Microscope
Model CXL-POL Labomex
Use They are used in different fields for different purposes.
Some of their uses are tissue analysis, the examination of
forensic evidence, to determine the health of the ecosystem,
studying the role of protein within the cell, and the study of
atomic structure.
Coal Research Laboratory 4

Instrument name Gas Chromatograph
Model Varian CP-3800
Location Coal Research Laboratory -4
Use Gas chromatography (GC) is an analytical technique used
to separate the chemical components of a sample mixture
and then detect them to determine their presence or absence
and/or how much is present. These chemical components
are usually organic molecules or gases.
Amount of sample 0.5 mL max. I.D
used
State of sample Vaporized state
Instrument name Oxygen Bomb Calorimeter
Model LECO AC-500
Use It is used for determination of calorific value of liquid &
Solid fuels.
Amount of sample 1g
used
State of sample Solid or liquid
Instrument name Thermogravimetric Analyzer
Model LECO TGA-701
Use Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) is an analytical
technique used to determine a material's thermal stability
and its fraction of volatile components by monitoring the
weight change that occurs as a sample is heated at a
constant rate.
Amount of sample 1g or 0.5g
used
State of sample Liquid, Solid, powder
Analytical instrument #45

Instrument name Carbon-Sulphur Determinator
Model LECO-SC-144-DR
Use The elemental analyzer measures the carbon and sulfur
concentration in predominantly inorganic samples through
combustion in an induction furnace and the subsequent
analysis of the gaseous combustion products carbon
dioxide and sulfur dioxide.
Amount of sample 0.255g
used
State of sample Solid Powder

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Institute of Energy and Environmental Engineering

Univerity of Punjab, Lahore Pakistan

Coal Research Laboratory-3

Coal Research Laboratory 4

Analytical instrument #45

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