Study Material Cum Question Bank Jaipur Final

KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA SANGATHAN JAIPUR REGION
कं रीय वियालय संगठन षेरीय का्ााल् ज्परु
Question Bank/Study Material

Social Science [087] TERM-1
Based on Latest CBSE Exam Pattern
SESSION 2021-22
1
कं रीय वियालय संगठन षेरीय का्ााल् ज्परु

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DEPUTY COMISSIONER KVS REGIONAL OFFICE Jaipur
SHRI D.R. MEENA ASST.COMMISSIONER KVS RO JAIPUR
SHRI G.R. MEENA PRINCIPAL K.V.JHALAWAR
And Course director
2
EDITORIAL BOARD
MR.G.R.MEENA
PRINCIPAL K.V.JHALAWAR AND COURSE DIRECTOR
CO-ORDINATORS-
(1) MR. VIPUL SAXENA TGT S.ST. K.V. 2 JAIPUR
(2) MR. KALLA RAM MEENA TGT S.ST. K.V.JHALAWAR

GROUP WORK
S.N. GROUP NAME GROUP LEADER NAME OF K.V.
1 JAIPUR -1 MR P.K.PAREEK K.V.NO.2 JAIPUR
2 JAIPUR-2 MR. VIJAY SIHAG K.V.NO.4 JAIPUR
3 JODHPUR MR. C.P. SAINI KV.NO.1 AFS
JODHPUR
4 AJMER MR. RAJ KUMAR K.V. NASIRABAD
GUPTA
5 KOTA MR.NARESH K.V. NO 2 KOTA
KUMAR GUPTA
6 BIKANER MR. CHET KUMAR K.V. 1 BIKANER
DARJI
7 UDAIPUR MR RAVINDRA K.V.EKLINGARH
KUMAR SISODIYA UDAIPUR
8 SURATGARH MR.GYAN DEV K.V.BSF
ANUPGARH
9 ALWAR MR.VIJAY KUMAR K.V.NTPC ANTA
BAIRWA
10 INDERPURA MR.RAJENDRA K.V.INDERPURA
PRASAD
11 KARAULI MRS ANITA YADAV K.V.ALWAR
12 JAISALMER MR. VINEET K.V.BSF DABLA
MEENA
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Social Science
Social Science is a compulsory subject up to secondary stage of school

education. It is An integral component of general education because it helps
the learners to understand The environment in its totality and developing a
broader perspective and an empirical, Reasonable and humane outlook.
This is of crucial importance because it helps them grow into well-informed
and responsible citizens with necessary attributes and skills for being able to
participate and contribute effectively in the process of development and
nation building.
The Social Science curriculum draws its content mainly from History,
Geography, and Political Science and Economics. Some elements of
Sociology and Commerce are also included. Together they provide a
comprehensive view of society over space and time, and in Relation to each
other. Each subject’s distinct methods of enquiry help the learners to
understand society from different angles and form a holistic view.
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INDEX
S.NO. TITLE/CONTENT
1 COURSE STRUCTURE
2 COURSE CONTENTS
3 NEW ASSESMENT POLICY
4 HISTORY-QUESTION BANK AND STUDY MATERIAL
5 GEOGRAPHY- QUESTION BANK AND STUDY MATERIAL
6 POLITICAL SCIENCE- QUESTION BANK AND STUDY MATERIAL
7 ECONOMICS- QUESTION BANK AND STUDY MATERIAL
8 SAMPLE PAPER -1
9 SAMPLE PAPER -2
10 SAMPLE PAPER- 3
11 SAMPLE PAPER- 4
12 SAMPLE PAPER- 5
13 ANSWER KEY SAMPLE PAPER 1-5
5
S.N. UNIT MARKS
1 India and the Contemporary World 10
2 Contemporary India 10
3 Democratic Politics 10
4 Economics 10
TOTAL 40
=================================
Course Content Class X (2021-22)

HISTORY Term – 1
Unit 1: India and the Contemporary World
Themes Learning Objectives

The Rise of Nationalism in Europe
• •
Nation forms in which nationalism developed along with the
formation of nation states in Europe in the post-1830
• period.
The Age of Revolutions: 1830-1848
• and bring out the
• difference between European nationalism and anti-
colonial nationalisms.
•
•
• sm emerged and led to the formation of nation states in
Europe and elsewhere
6
Unit 2: Contemporary India – II GEOGRAPHY
Theme Learning Objectives

Resources and Development
• Understand the value of resources and the need for
Types of Resources their judicious utilization and conservation.
•
• P
• Comprehend the importance of water as a resource as
• well as develop awareness towards its judicious use and
• conservation.
• P
• • Identify different Dams in the country.
Measures
• a Resource • Explain the importance of agriculture in national
• economy.
• • Identify various types of farming and discuss the
various farming methods; describe the spatial
Water Resources distribution of major crops as well as understand the
relationship between rainfall regimes and cropping
• pattern.
Conservation and Management
• Explain various government policies for institutional as
• -Purpose River Projects and well as technological reforms since Independence .
Integrated Water Resources Management
•
(Note: The theoretical aspect of chapter
‘Wa e Re o ce ’ to be assessed in the
Periodic Tests only and will not be
evaluated in Board Examination.
However, the map items of this chapter as
listed will be evaluated in Board
Examination)
Agriculture
•
• P
•
•
• Agriculture
7
Unit 3: Democratic Politics – II (Political Science)

Power Sharing
• . Familiarize with the centrality of power sharing in a democracy.
• ?
• P • haring
mechanisms.
Federalism
• ? • .
• ?
• ? •
•
Unit 4: Economics

Development
• P - Different • Familiarize with concepts of macroeconomics.
people different goals
• • Understand the rationale for overall human
• development in our country, which includes the rise of
income, improvements in health and education rather
• ?
than income.
•
•P • Understand the importance of quality of life and
• sustainable development.
Sectors of the Indian Economy • Identify major employment generating sectors.

•
• Reason out the government investment in different
• ing the three sectors sectors of economy.
•P ,
India
•
unorganized
8
NEW ASSESSMENT POLICY
Academic session is divided into 2 Terms. The syllabus for the Academic session 2021-22 will be divided
into 2 terms by following a systematic approach by looking into the interconnectivity of concepts and topics
by the Subject Experts and the Board will conduct examinations at the end of each term on the basis of the
bifurcated syllabus. This is done to increase the probability of having a Board conducted classes X
examinations at the end of the academic session.
The syllabus for the Board examination 2021-22 will be rationalized similar to that of the last academic
session to be notified in July 2021. For academic transactions, however, schools will follow the curriculum
and syllabus released by the Board vide Circular no. F.1001/CBSEAcad/Curriculum/2021 dated 31 March
2021. Schools will also use alternative academic calendar and inputs from the NCERT on transacting the
curriculum.
Efforts will be made to make Internal Assessment/ Practical/ Project work more credible and valid as per
the guidelines and Moderation Policy to be announced by the Board to ensure fair distribution of marks.
Term I Examination:
At the end of the first term, the Board will organize Term I Examination in a flexible schedule to be
conducted between November-December 2021 with a window period of 4-8 weeks for schools
situated in different parts of country and abroad. Dates for conduct of examinations will be notified
subsequently.
The Question Paper will have Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ) including case-based MCQs and
MCQs on assertion-reasoning type. Duration of test will be 90 minutes and it will cover only the
rationalized syllabus of Term I only (i.e. approx. 50% of the entire syllabus).
Question Papers will be sent by the CBSE to schools along with marking scheme.
The exams will be conducted under the supervision of the External Center Superintendents and
Observers appointed by CBSE.
The responses of students will be captured on OMR sheets which, after scanning may be directly
uploaded at CBSE portal or alternatively may be evaluated and marks obtained will be uploaded by
the school on the very same day. The final direction in this regard will be conveyed to schools by the
Examination Unit of the Board.
Marks of the Term I Examination will contribute to the final overall score of students
======================================================================
Term II Examination/ Year-end Examination:

At the end of the second term, the Board would organize Term II or Yearend Examination based on
the rationalized syllabus of Term II only (i.e. approximately 50% of the entire syllabus).
This examination would be held around March-April 2022 at the examination centres fixed by the
Board.
The paper will be of 2 hours duration and have questions of different formats (case-based/ situation
based, open ended- short answer/ long answer type).
In case the situation is not conducive for normal descriptive examination a 90-minute MCQ based
exam will be conducted at the end of the Term II also.
Marks of the Term II Examination would contribute to the final overall score.
Assessment / Examination as per different situations
In case the situation of the pandemic improves and students are able to come to schools or centres
for taking the exams. Board would conduct Term I and Term II examinations at schools/centres and
the theory marks will be distributed equally between the two exams.
9
In case the situation of the pandemic forces complete closure of schools during November-
December 2021, but Term II exams are held at schools or centres. Term I MCQ based examination
would be done by students online/offline from home - in this case, the weightage of this exam for the
final score would be reduced, and weightage of Term II exams will be increased for declaration of
final result.
In case the situation of the pandemic forces complete closure of schools during March-April 2022,
but Term I exams are held at schools or centres. Results would be based on the performance of
students on Term I MCQ based examination and internal assessments. The weightage of marks of
Term I examination conducted by the Board will be increased to provide year end results of
candidates.
In case the situation of the pandemic forces complete closure of schools and Board conducted Term
I and II exams are taken by the candidates from home in the session 2021-22. Results would be
computed on the basis of the Internal.
Assessment/Practical/Project Work and Theory marks of Term-I and II exams taken by the
candidate from home in Class X subject to the moderation or other measures to ensure
validity and reliability of the assessment.
========================================================================
10
HISTORY
QUESTION BANK/STUDY MATERIAL
CHAPTER- 1 THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE

GIST OF THE LESSON
Frederic Sorrieu
He was a French artist who prepared a series of paintings in 1848, which visualizes his dreams of a world
that is made up of social and democratic republics.
French Revolution
In 1789, the French Revolution marked the first clear start of nationalism.
Many steps were taken by the French Revolutionaries to create a feeling of collective identity. They are:
● New ideas like Le citoyen and La Partie
● Making of the new French flag
● Election of estate general and renaming it the National Assembly
● Consolidated administrative system
● Both internal duties and customs were abolished
● Introduction of uniform weights and measures
● French popularly becoming the common language
Napoleonic Code
Napoleon destroyed democracy in France. He introduced the Civil Code of 1804, also known as the
Napoleonic Code.
Some of the features of this code are:
● All birthrights and privileges were abolished
● Equality before the law was established
● Right to property was secured
● Removal of Guild restrictions
New middle class
10
Naturally, the aristocrats were the dominant population both politically and socially. However, the majority
of the population in the continent was peasants. After industrialization in England, a new social class
emergedknown as the working class or middle class. It consisted of artisans, businessmen, industrialists,
and so on.
Liberalism
● The right to vote or to get elected was only given to property-owning men.
● All women and property-less men were prohibited from all political rights.
● Derived from the Latin word 'root liber' which means to be free.
● Liberal nationalism stood for the end of clerical privilege, autocracy, and also a representative form of
government through a constitution and a parliament.
A New Conservatism after 1815

In 1815, major European powers: Russia, Britain, Austria, and Prussia had defeated Napoleon. They
collectively met in Vienna to draw up a European settlement known as the treaty of Vienna. According to
this treaty:
● The Bourbon dynasty was restored to power.
● France lost all of its territories annexed during the Napoleonic wars.
● 39 states of the German Confederation formed by Napoleon were left untouched.
● Borders were made on the French boundary to prevent France from expanding
The Revolutionaries
Guiseppe Mazzini
● He was born in Genoa in 1807
● He was a member of the secret society of carbonate
● He founded two major secret societies: Young
Europe in Berne and Young Italy in Marseilles

● His primary aim was to unify Italy into a republic
The Age of Revolution: 1830-1848

● In July of 1830, the bourbon kings were overthrown to establish a constitutional monarchy
● Greece which was a part of the Ottoman Empire was struggling for independence.
● In the Treaty of Constantinople signed in 1832, Greece was declared as an independent nation.
● Romantic imagination and national feeling- A shift in the cultural movement resulted in criticizing the
glorification of reason and science. Instead, it focused on intuition, emotions, sentiments, and mystical
feelings.
11
● Johan Gottfried Herder- a German philosopher who tried to discover the culture among the common
people through folk poetry, dance, music.
● There were more people than the number of jobs.
● Widespread pauperism in the country due to the rise in food costs and bad harvest.
● 1845 Silesia weavers led a revolt against contractors
● In 1848 the Frankfurt parliament was elected. 831 elected representatives were conveyed in the Church
of St Paul.
UNIFICATION OF ITALY
❖ Mid 19th century Italy was divided into 7 state.
❖ Only Sardinia-Piedmont was ruled by an Italian princely house.
❖ North was ruled by Austrian Habsburgs.
❖ The centre was under pope.
❖ South was under the Bourbon Kings.
❖ For uniting Italian Republic- Young Italy- a secret society was also formed by Giuseppe Mazzini.
❖ Count Cavour- Chief Minister of Sardinia Piedmont- led the movement for unification of Italy.
❖ Sardinia- Piedmont's force marched into south Italy and Kingdom of the two Sicilies and drove out the
Spanish Rulers.
❖ 1859 Austrian forces were defeated by France+ Sardinia-Piedmont alliance.
❖ 1861 Victor Emmanuele became the king of United Italy and Rome was declared the
capital of Italy.
UNIFICATION OF GERMANY (1866-1871)

1. Efforts were 2. These 3. The 4. Otto-Von 5. 1871 - 6. The 7. Currency,
made by the efforts were national Bismark of Kaiser unification banking,
middle class suppressed unification Prussia played William I of Germany legal and
Germans to by the was taken the role of a was established judicial
write the monarchy under by main leader in declared Prussian systems
different and military the act of as the new dominance were
regions of and the leadership nationbuilding Emperor in Europe introduced
German landowners of Prussia. of a new by the New
Confederation in Prussia. Empire German
into a Empire
nationstate.
12
UNIFICATION OF BRITAIN
1. 2. Constant 3. England 4. An act of 5. Scotland 6. British 7. After the
Before growth in entrenched as union was and Ireland nation was failed
18 power a nation, The formed was formed - which revolution led
century, helped power of between dominated included by the Wolfe
if was English monarchy was England and by England various and his United
not a nation to taken over the Scotland by in all symbols - flag, Irishmen
nation extend their English the United aspects. national (1798), British
state. control over parliament Kingdom of Anthem and took over
other Great Britain. English Ireland forcibly
nations and language.
islands.
VISUALISING THE NATION

1. Artists in 2. 3. 4. During 5. In 6. 7. 8. In red
18th and Represented Female French French Germania Germania cap, the tri
19th country as figures Revolution, she was wears a became colour
centuries person become artists use christened crown of an represented
personified called an female Marianne oak leaves Allegory liberty and
nations Allegory allegory allegory to as the of the
of the portray ideas German Germany. Republic.
nation. like Liberty, oak stand
Justice and for
Republic. heroism.
Nationalism and imperialism

● Modern Day Balkans consisted of Bulgaria, Greece, Croatia, Romania, Albania, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Serbia,
Macedonia, Montenegro, and Slovenia.
● Romantic nationalism made this area extremely explosive.
● Major European Powers wanted control over this area.
● This led to a series of wars over this region which eventually led to the first world war.
13
अ्याय-1 यूर प मं रा्रवाद का उदय
पाठ का सार
रडररक स ररयू
वह एक ्रसीसी कलरकरर थ जि्ह न 1848 मं चिर की एक ्खलर

र तयरर की, ि एक ऐसी दनु नयर क उनक सपन की क्पनर करती
ह ि सरमरजिक और ल कतरररक गणरर्य स बनी ह।
रास की ्ाति(्ासीसी ्ाति)
1789 मं , ्रसीसी ्रनत न रर्रवरद की पहली ्प्ट शु आत क चिजननत ककयर।
सरमूहहक पहिरन की भरवनर पदर करन क ललए ्रसीसी ्रनतकरररय ्वररर कई कदम उठरए गए। व:
 ली-सीहटयरन और लर-पररयन िस नए वविरर

 नए ्रसीसी ्वि कर ननमराण
 ए्टट िनरल कर िुनरव और इसकर नरम बदलकर नशनल असंबली करनर
 समककत रशरसननक ्यव्थर
 आतररक कता्य और सीमर शु्क द न क समर्त कर हदयर गयर
 समरन बरट और मरप कर पररिय
 ्रसीसी ल कवरय प स आम भरषर बन गई
नप लियन क ड(नागररक सहििा)
नप ललयन न ्रस मं ल कतर क न्ट कर हदयर। उ्ह न 1804 क नरगररक सहहतर क पश ककयर, जिस नप ललयन क ड क प मं भी
िरनर िरतर ह।
इस क ड की कुछ ववशषतरए हं:
 सभी ि्म अचिकरर और ववशषरचिकरर समर्त कर हदए गए

 करनून ्थरवपत ह न स पहल समरनतर
 सपवि कर अचिकरर सुरषित थर
 चग्ड रनतबि हटरनर
नया म्यम वगग
14
्वरभरववक प स, अलभिरत वगा ररिनीनतक और सरमरजिक प स रमख
ु आबरदी थ। हरलरकक, महर्वीप मं अचिकरश आबरदी ककसरन
थी। इ्लंड मं औ्य गीकरण क बरद एक नए सरमरजिक वगा कर उदय हुआ, जिस मिदरू वगा यर म्यम वगा क प मं िरनर िरतर ह।
इसमं कररीगर, ्यवसरयी, उ्य गपनत आहद शरलमल थ।
उदारिावाद
 व ट दन यर ननवराचित ह न कर अचिकरर कवल सपवि क मरललक पु ष क ही हदयर गयर थर।
 सभी महहलरओ और सपविहीन पु ष क सभी ररिनीनतक अचिकरर स रनतबचित कर हदयर गयर थर।
 लहटन श्द ' ट ललबर' स ्यु्प्न जिसकर अथा ह मु्त ह नर।
 उदररवरदी रर्रवरद ललवपकीय ववशषरचिकरर, ननरकुशतर और सवविरन और ससद क मर्यम स सरकरर क रनतननचि ्व प
क अत क ललए खडर थर।
1815 क बाद एक नया हिवाद
1815 मं , रमख
ु यरू पीय शज्तय : स, रिटन, ऑज्रयर और रलशयर न नप ललयन क हररयर थर। व सरमहू हक प स ववयनर मं एक
यरू पीय समझ तर तयरर करन क ललए लमल, जिस ववयनर की सचि क प मं िरनर िरतर ह। इस सचि क अनस
ु रर:
 ब बो ररिवश क सिर मं बहरल ककयर गयर थर।
 नप ललयन यु्ि क द ररन ्रस न अपन सभी िर क ख हदयर।
 नप ललयन ्वररर गहठत िमान पररसघ क 39 रर्य अछूत रह गए।
 ्रस क वव्तरर करन स र कन क ललए ्रस की सीमर पर सीमरए बनरई गं
्ातिकाररयं
िस
ु प मरजिनी
 उनकर ि्म िन आ मं 1807 मं हुआ थर
 वह करबोनट क गु्त समरि क सद्य थ
 उ्ह न द रमुख गु्त समरि की ्थरपनर की: बना मं यग यूर प और मरलसाल मं यग इटली
 उनकर ररथलमक उ्द्य इटली क एक गणतर मं एकीकरत करनर थर
्ाति का यग
ु : 1830-1848
 1830 क िल
ु रई मं , सविरननक ररितर की ्थरपनर क ललए ब बो ररिरओ क उखरड फंकर गयर थर
 रीस ि ओट मन सररर्य कर एक हह्सर थर, आिरदी क ललए सघषा कर रहर थर।
15
 1832 मं ह्तरिररत कॉ््टं हटन पल की सचि मं , रीस क एक ्वतर रर्र क प मं घ वषत ककयर गयर थर।
 र मरहटक क्पनर और रर्रीय भरवनर- सर्करनतक आद लन मं बदलरव क पररणरम्व प तका और ववञरन क महहमरमडन की
आल िनर की गई। इसक बिरय, यह अतञरान, भरवनरओ, भरवनरओ और रह्यमय भरवनरओ पर कंहित थर।
 ि हरन गॉट्रइड हडार- एक िमान दरशाननक जि्ह न ल क कववतर, न्र य, सगीत क मर्यम स आम ल ग क बीि स्करनत
की ख ि करन की क लशश की।
 न कररय की स्यर स ्यरदर ल ग थ।
 खर्य लरगत मं व्
र चि और खररब फसल क कररण दश मं ्यरपक प स आचथाकसकट आयर।
 1845 लसललसयर बन
ु कर न ठकदरर क खखलरफ ववि ह कर नत्र व ककयर।
 1848 मं ्ंकफटा ससद कर िन

ु रव हुआ। संट पॉल ििा मं 831 ननवराचित रनतननचिय क अवगत कररयर गयर।
इटिी का एकीकरण
 19वी सदी क म्य मं इटली क 7 रर्य मं ववभरजित ककयर गयर थर।

 कवल सर्डाननयर-पीडम ट पर एक इतरलवी ररयरसत कर शरसन थर।
 उिर पर ऑज्रयरई ह्सबगा कर शरसन थर।
 कंि प प क अिीन थर।
 दषिण ब बोन कक्स क अिीन थर।
 इटरललयन ररपज्लक- यग इटली क एकिुट करन क ललए ्यूसप मजिनी ्वररर एक गु्त समरि कर भी गठन ककयर गयर
थर।
 करउट कव र- सर्डाननयर पीडम ट क मु्यमरी- न इटली क एकीकरण क ललए आद लन कर नत्र व ककयर।
 सर्डाननयर- पीडम ट की सनर न दषिण इटली और द लसलसली क सररर्य मं रवश ककयर और ्पननश शरसक क खदड
हदयर।
 1859 ऑज्रयरई सनर ्रस+ सर्डाननयर-पीडम ट गठबिन ्वररर पररजित हुई थी।
 1881वव्टर इमनुएल सयु्त इटली क ररिर बन और र म क इटली की ररििरनी घ वषत ककयर गयर।
जमगनी का एकीकरण (1866-1871)
1. िमान पररसघ क 3. रर्रीय 4. रलशयर क 5. 1871 - 6. िमानी क 7. मुिर, बंककग,

2. इन रयरस
ववलभ्न िर क एकीकरण ओट -वॉन कसर ववललयम I एकीकरण न करनूनी और
क रलशयर मं क एक नए
एक रर्र रर्य मं रलशयर क रब्मरका न रर्र यरू प मं रलशयर ्यरनयक रणरली
ललखन क ललए ररिशरही और नत्र व मं ननमराण क करया सररर्य कर कर रभु्व क ्यू िमान
म्यम वगा िमान ललयर गयर मं एक रमुख नयर सररट ्थरवपत ककयर सररर्य ्वररर
सनर और
्वररर रयरस ककए थर। नतर की भूलमकर घ वषत ककयर पश ककयर गयर थर
िमीदरर न
गए थ। ननभरई गयर।
दबर हदयर।
16
रिटन का एकीकरण
1. 18वी 2. सिर मं 3. इ्लंड एक 4. रट रिटन क 5. ्कॉटलंड 6. रिहटश रर्र 7. व ्फ और उनक

सदी स लगरतरर व्
र चि रर्र क प मं यूनरइटड ककगडम और कर गठन हुआ - यूनरइटड आयररशमन
पहल, न अरिी रर्र ्थरवपत, ्वररर इ्लंड और आयरलंड पर जिसमं ववलभ्न (1798) क नत्र व मं
अगर एक क अ्य दश ररिशरही की ्कॉटलंड क बीि हर तरह स रतीक - ्वि, असफल ्रनत क बरद,
रर्र और ्वीप पर शज्त अरिी सघ कर एक इ्लंड कर रर्रगरन और अरि न आयरलंड पर
रर्य नही अपनर ननयरण ससद पर ल ली अचिननयम दबदबर थर। अरिी भरषर िबरन क्िर कर
थर। बढरन मं मदद गई थी। बनरयर गयर शरलमल थ। ललयर
की।
रा्र की क्पना
1. 18वी 2. दश 3. महहलर 4. ्रसीसी ्रनत क 5. ्ंि मं 6. िमान ओक 7. 8. लरल ट पी मं

और 19वी क आकड द ररन, कलरकरर उस क पि कर तरि िमाननयर नतरगर ्वतरतर
शतर्दी मं ' पक' रर्र कर ्वतरतर, ्यरय और 'मररएन' पहनतर ह िमानी कर और गणतर कर
कलरकरर न कहर एक पक गणतर िस वविरर नरम हदयर ्य कक िमान पक बन रनतननचि्व
रर्र कर िरतर ह। बन िरत क चिररत करन क गयर थर। ओक वीरतर क गयर। करतर ह।
रनतननचि्व हं। ललए महहलर पक कर ललए खडर ह।
ककयर उपय ग करत हं।
17
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
Q-1 Who said when frances sneeze the rest of Europe catches cold?
A. Garibaldi B. Mazzini
C. Matternich D. Bismark
िब ्रस नछकतर ह त बरकी यूर प क ठड लग िरती ह ककसन कहर थर?
(अ( गरीबर्डी (ब( मजिनी
(स (मटरननख (द( रब्मरका
Q-2 Who among the following hosted the congress at Vienna in 1815-
A. Garibaldi B. Mazzini
C. Matternich D. Bismark
1815 मं ववयनर कररस की मिवरनी ककसन की –
(अ( गरीबर्डी (ब( मजिनी
(स( मटरननख (द( रब्मरका
Q- Which one of the following is true about the treaty of Constantinople of 1832?
A. Turkey as an independent nation B. Greece as an independent nation
C. Germany as an independent nation D. France as an independent nation
1832 की कु्तु्तुननयर सचि क स्ब्ि मं क नसर कथन स्य ह |
(अ( टकी एक ्वतर रर्र क प मं (ब (यूनरन एक ्वतर रर्र क प मं
(स (िमानी एक ्वतर रर्र क प मं (द ( ्रस एक ्वतर रर्र क प मं
Q-4 Which area was known as the powder keg of Europe?
A. Ottoman Empire B. Italy
18
C. Balkans D. Germany
यूर प कर क नसर िर परउडर कग क नरम स िरनर िरतर ह |
(अ( ओट मन सररर्य (ब( इटली
(स (बरलक्स (द( िमानी
Q- What did the ideas of la patrie and le citoyen singnify in the French revolution
A. The mother land and the children B. The father land and the citizen
C. Community and the citizen D. The state and the community
्रस मं लर-पररयन और ली-सीहटयरन कर वविरर ककसकी महिर क दशरातर ह
(अ( मरतभ
र ूलम और ब्ि (ब (वपतभ
र ूलम और नरगररक
(स( समुदरय और नरगररक (द ( रर्य और समुदरय
Q–6 How many elected representatives assembled in franckfurt parliament ?
A. 830 B. 831
C. 835 D. 850
्ंकफटा ससद मं ककतन सद्य न भरग ललयर।
(अ( 830 (ब (831
(स (835 (द ( 850
Q- 7 Who was responsible for unifications of Germany?
A. Bismark B. Cavour
C. Marzzini D. Garibaldi
िमानी क एकीकरण क ललए क न जि्मदरर ह |
(अ( रब्मरका (ब (करवुर
(स (मजिनी (द ( गरीबर्डी
Q- Elle the measuring unit in Germany was used to measure
19
A. Cloth B. Thread
C. Land D. Height
िमानी मं मरपन की इकरई ऐल कर रय ग मरपन क ललए ककयर िरतर थर
(अ( कपडर (ब (िरगर
(स (भूलम (द( ऊिरई
Q-9 Young italy the secret society of Italy was setup by?
A. Bismark B. Cavour
C. Marzzini D. Garibaldi
यग इटली इटली क गु्त सररर्य कर गठन ककस न ककयर ?
(अ( रब्मरका (ब (करवुर
(स (मजिनी (द( गरीबर्डी
Q- The ottoman empire was ruled by the emperor of-
A. Turkey B. Russia
C. Bratain D. Prussia
ओट मन सररर्य पर ककस सररट कर शरसन थर-
(अ( टकी (ब ( स
(स (रिटन (द( पलशायर
Q-11 What did the crown of oak leaves symbolize.
A. Courage `B. Herosim
C. Pea e D. Tolerance
ओक क पि कर तरि ककसकर रतीक थर|
(अ( सरहस (ब (वीरतर
(स (शरनत (द( सहनशज्त
20
Q- Which of the following group of power collectively defeated napoleon.
A. England, Frace, Italy, Russia B. England, Austria, Spain, Russia
C. Austria, Prussia, Russin, Britain D. Britain Prussia Russia Italy
नन्नललखखत मं स ककस शज्त समह

ू न सरमहू हक प स नप ललयन क हररयर
(अ( इ्लंड, ्रस, इटली , स (ब (इ्लंड ऑज्रयर ्पन स
(स (ऑज्रयर पलशायर स रिटन (द( रिटन पलशायर स इटली
Q-13 Which of the following country is considered as the cradle of civilization-
A. England B. France
C. Greece D. Russia
नन्नललखखत मं स ककस दश क स्यतर कर परलनर मरनर िरतर ह
(अ( इ्लंड (ब (्रस
(स (रीस (द( स
Q-14 Who among the following was proclaimed the first king of united Italy
A. Nicholas 2 B. king George-2
C. Wilhelm-1 D. Victor emannuel-2
नन्नललखखत मं स ककस सयु्त इटली कर पहलर ररिर घ वषत ककयर गयर थर
(अ( ननक लस ्वतीय (ब (ककग िॉिा ्वतीय
(स( वव्हम रथम (द( वव्टर ईमरनुएल ्वतीय
Q-15 Most important outcome of the French revolution of 1789 was-
A. Abolition of absolute monarchy B. Making of new constitution
C. Transfer of sovereignty from monarch to the freneh citizes D. Formation of the national
की ्रलससी ्रनत कर सबस मह्वपूणा पररणरम थर-
(अ( पूणा ररिशरसी कर उ्मूलन (ब (एक नयर सवविरन वनरनर
(स (सररट स ्रलससी नरगररक सरभि

ु र कर ह्तरतरण (द ( नशनल असंबली कर गठन
21
Q-16 Who was proclaimed the emperor of Germany in 1871?
A. Giuseppe Garibalm B. Kaiser William 1
C. Cavour D. Giuseppe mazani
मं िमानी कर सररट ककस घ वषत ककयर ?
(अ( ्यस
ु प गररब्म (ब (कसर ववललयम रथम
(स( करवुर (द( ्युसप मजिनी
Q-17 A large part of Balkan region was under the control of -
A. Russian emprire B. Ottoman empire
C. German empire D. Habsburg rulers
बर्कन िर कर एक बडर भरग ककसक ननय्रण थर -
(अ( सी सररर्य (ब( तुका सररर्य
(स( िमान सररर्य (द( ह्सवगा शरसन
Q-18 The civil code of 1804 in france is usually known as-
A. The French revolutionary code B. Napoleonic code
C. European imperial code D. The French civil code
्रस मं क नरगररक सहहतर क आमत र पर इस प मं िरनर िरतर ह
(अ( ्रलससी ्ज्तकररी क ड (ब (नप ललयन क ड
(स (यूर वपयन इपीररयल क ड (द( ्रलससी नरगररक क ड
Q-19 Which of following countries did not attend the congress of Vienna?
A. Britain B. Russia
C. Prussia D. Switzerland
नन्नललखखत मं स क नस दश न ववयनर कररस भी भरगीदररी नही ननभरई?
(अ( रिटन (ब ( स
(स( रलशयर (द ( ज्व्िरलंड
22
Q-20 The Napoleonic code was exported to which of the following regions?
A. England B. Spain
C. Regions under French control D. Poland
नप ललयन सहहतर ककन रदश मं लरगु की गई
(अ( इ्लंड (ब (्पन
(स (्रस क अिीन िर (द ( प लंड
Q-21 Who become the monarch in france after the revolution?
A. Louis Philippe B. Kaiser William 1
्रस की ्रनत क बरद ररिर क न बनर थर ?
अ लुई कफललप ब कसर ववललयम रथम स करवुर ्युसप मजिनी
Q-22 Who was the king of frace at the time of French revolution?
A. Louis xvi B. Kaiser William 1
्रस की ्रनत क समय ररिर क न थर?
(अ( लई
ु स स लहवर (ब( कसर ववललयम रथम
(स (करवुर (द ( ्युसप मजिनी
Q-23 In which century nationalism emerged in Europe
A. th century B. 20th century
C. 17th century D. 16th century
यूर प मं रर्रवरद कर उदय क नसी शतर्दी मं हुआ?
(अ( 19th शतर्दी (ब ( th शतर्दी
(स( th शतर्दी (द ( th शतर्दी
Q- 24 United Kingdom of Great Britain came in to existence in year?
23
A. 1707 B . 1789
C. 1798 D. 1801
यूनरइटड ककगडम ऑफ़ रट रिटन कब अज्त्व मं आयर ?
(अ( 1707 (ब (1789
(स (1798 (द ( 1801
Q-25 Zollverein was a –
A. Custom union B. Diplomatic institution
C. Trade union D. Administrative union
िरलवररयन थर -
(अ( ्यरपरररक सगठन (ब( कूटनीनतक सगठन
(स (्यरपरररक सगठन (द ( रशरसननक सगठन
Q-26 Name the state which led the process of Italy unification?
A. Sardinia Piedmont B. Rome
C. Prussia D. Vienna
रर्य कर नरम जिसन इटली क एकीकरण की रक्यर कर नत्र व ककयर ?
(अ( सर्डाननयर वपडमरट (ब (र म
(स (रलशयर (द ( ववयनर
Q-27 Who was Frederick sorriea?
A. Freanch artist B. King of franch
C. Chancellor of Austria D. A Revolutionary
्डररक सरयू क न थर?
(अ( ्रस कलरकरर (ब (्ि कर ररिर
(स (ऑज्रयर कर िरसलर (द( एक ्ज्तकररी
Q-28 Who were the junkers?
24
A. Large landowners B. Soldiers
C. Aristocracy D. Weavers
िु्कसा क न थ ?
(अ( बड भू ्वरमी (ब (सननक (स (उ्ि सरमरजिक वगा (द ( बन

ु कर
Q-29 Who was Cavour?
A. The chief minister of Italy B. Revolutionary of germany
C. Catholic missionary D. Chancellor of germany
करवरु क न थर ?
अ. इटली कर मु्यमरी ब. िमानी कर ्ज्तकररी
स .ईसरई परदरी द. िमानी कर िरसलर
Q-30 When did the French revolution start ?
A. 1789 B. 1879
C. 1780 D. 1769
्रस की ्रनत की शु आत कब हुई थी ?
अ. 1789 ब. 1879
स .1780 द. 1769
ANSWER KEY (MCQ)

1. C 2. C 3. B 4. C 5. B 6. B
7. A 8. A 9. C 10. A 11. B 12. C
13. C 14. D 15. D 16. B 17. B 18. B
19. D 20. C 21. A 22. A 23. A 24. A
25. A 26. A 27. A 28. A 29. A 30. A
25
FIGURE BASED QUESTION
चिर आधारित रन
Q 1. Who painted this print that depicted the The Dream of Worldwide
Democratic and Social Republics – The Pact between Nations.
(a) Frederic Sorrieu

(b) Ernst Renan
(c) Napoleon Bonaparte
(d) Kaiser William 1st
इस वरट क ककसन चिररत ककयर जिसमं "द रीम ऑफ व्डावरइड
डम ्हटक एड स शल ररपज्ल्स - द प्ट इन नशस" क दशरायर गयर थर।
(a) ्डररक स ररयू

(b) अने्ट रन
(c) नप ललयन ब नरपरटा
(d) कसर ववललयम रथम
Q. 2 the picture given here better depicts the event of:
(a) Signing of treaty of Vienna
(b) Founding of secret society Young Europe
(c) The pact between Indian and British
(d) The crowning of British Prince
यहर दी गई त्वीर ्वररर ---------------- की घटनर क बहतर दशरायर गयर ह:
26
(क) ववयनर की सचि पर ह्तरिर
(ख) "युवर यूर प" गु्त समरि की ्थरपनर
(ग) भररतीय और रिहटश क बीि समझ तर
(घ) रिहटश ररिकुमरर कर ररि नतलक
Q.3 what is inscribed on the sword of Germania in the picture given here?
a The French sword protects the French Rhine.
b The British sword protects the British crown.
c The German sword protects the German Rhine.
(d) None of the above
यहर दी गई त्वीर मं िमेननयर की तलवरर पर ्यर अककत ह?
(क) ्रसीसी तलवरर ्रसीसी ररइन की रिर करती ह ।
(ख) रिहटश तलवरर रिहटश ्रउन की रिर करती ह ।
(ग) िमान तलवरर िमान ररइन की रिर करती ह ।
(घ) उपर ्त मं स क ई नही
Q.4 The picture given in the front shows the -------------- of Garibaldi towards Victor Emanuel II.
(a) Cruelty (b) Sycophant
(c) Loyalty (d) Friendship
सरमन दी गई त्वीर वव्टर एमरनुएल ्ववतीय क रनत गरीबर्डी की -------------- क दशराती ह ।
(क) ्ूरतर (ख) िरपलस

ू ी
(ग) लॉय्टी (्वरलमभज्त) (घ) लमरतर
27
Q. )n the given figure beside the broken chain and Crown of oak leaves best describe:
(a) Being in prison and cowardice
(b) Ready to fight and heroism
(c) Being freed and heroism
(d) Being offender and joker
5. बगल मं हदए गए चिर मं "टूटी हुई ्खलर

र " और "ओक पविय क मक
ु ु ट" ्वररर -----------और
----------- कर अ्छर वणान ककयर गयर ह:
(क) िल मं रहनर और करयरतर
(ख) लडन क ललए तयरर और वीरतर
(ग) म्
ु त ह नर और वीरतर
(घ) अपररिी ह नर और ि कर
============================================================================
ANSWER KEY
FIGURE BASED QUESTIONS
Chapter-1 The Rise of Nationalism in Europe

Q .1 (a) Frederic Sorrieu
Q. b Founding of secret society Young Europe
Q. c The German sword protects the German Rhine.
Q.4 (c) Loyalty
Q.5 (c) Being freed and heroism
28
ASSERTION AND REASONING QUESTIONS
THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE
Two statements are given in the question below as Assertion (A) and
Reasoning (R).
Read the statements and choose the appropriate option.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true
1. Assertion (A): A large part of the Balkans was under the control of the Italy.
Reason(R): The spread of the ideas of Romantic Nationalism in the Balkans together with the
disintegration of the Ottoman Empire made this region very explosive.
2. Assertion (A): Initially, in many places, the French armies were welcomed as harbingers of liberty.
But the initial enthusiasm soon turned to hostility
Reason(R): Increased taxation, censorship, forced conscription into the French armies created hostile
situation.
Assertion (A): Civil code of 1904 is also known as Napoleonic Code.

Reason(R): Napoleonic Code did away with all privileges based on birth, established equality before the
law and secured the right to property.
3. Assertion (A): From the very beginning, the French revolutionaries introduced various measures
and practices like the idea of la patrie and le citoyen.
29
Reason(R): This was done to create a sense of collective identity amongst the French people.
Assertion (A): A customs union or zollverein was formed at the initiative of Prussia.
Reason(R): Tariff barriers were abolished and reduced the number of currencies from over thirty to two.
4. Assertion (A): Mazzini s relentless opposition to monarchy and his vision of democratic republics
frightened the conservatives.
Reason(R): Metternich described him as the most dangerous enemy of our social order .
5. Assertion (A): Italy was divided into seven states, of which only one was ruled by an Italian
princely house.
Reason(R): The north was under the domination of the Bourbon kings of Spain.
6. Assertion (A): Culture played an important role in creating the idea of the nation.
Reason(R): Weavers in Silesia had led a revolt against contractors who supplied raw material and
gave them orders for finished textiles but drastically reduced their payments.
7. Assertion (A): Giuseppe Mazzini worked with the conservatives for the monarchy.
Reason(R): Italy had to continue to be a patchwork of small states and kingdoms.
8. Assertion (A): In 1861, Victor Emmanuel II was proclaimed the king of United Italy.
Reason(R): Much of Italian population was illiterate and unaware of liberal nationalist ideologies.
9. Assertion (A): The French Revolution was an influential event that marked the age of revolutions
in Europe.
Reason (R): The French Revolution transferred the sovereignty from the people to the monarch.
10. Assertion (A): Treaty of Vienna was signed in 1815.

Reason(R): The main objective was to undo the changes that had come about in Europe during
Napoleonic war
= ==============================================================================
अलिकथन और कारण र्न
नीच हदए गए र्न मं द कथन अलिकथन (A) और कारण (R) क प मं हदए गए िं। कथनं क पहिए और उपयु्ि ववक्प का
चयन कीजजए।
(a)अलभकथन (A) और कररण (R) द न सही हं लककन (R) , (A) की सही ्यर्यर करतर ह।
(b) अलभकथन (A) और कररण (R) द न सही हं लककन (R) , (A) की सही ्यर्यर नही ह।
(c) अलभकथन (A) स्य ह लककन कररण (R) गलत ह।
30
(d) अलभकथन (A) गलत ह लककन कररण (R) सही ह।
1. अलिकथन (A): बर्कन कर एक बडर हह्सर ओट मन सररर्य क ननयरण मं थर।

कारण (R): बर्कन िर मं मरनी रर्रवरद क वविरर क फलन और ओट मन सररर्य क ववघटन स ज्थनत
बहुत वव्फ टक ह गई|
2. अलिकथन (A): सु आत मं अनक ्थरन मं पर ्रसीसी सनरओ कर ्वतरतर क अरदत
ू क प मं ्वरगत ककयर
गयर थर। लककन शु आती उ्सरह ि्द ही द्ु मनी मं बदल गयर
कारण (R): बढ हुए कररिरन, संसरलशप, ्रसीसी सनरओ मं िबरन भती न शरत
ु रपण
ू ा ज्थनत पदर की।
3. अलिकथन (A): 1805 क नरगररक सहहतर क नप ललयन क ड क प मं भी िरनर िरतर ह।

कारण (R): नप ललयन सहहतर न ि्म क आिरर पर सभी ववशषरचिकरर क हटर हदयर, करनून क समि
समरनतर ्थरवपत की और सपवि कर अचिकरर सुरषित ककयर।
4. अलिकथन (A): शु स ही, ्रसीसी ्रनतकरररय न लर परी (वपतभ

र लू म (और ल लसट यन( नरगररक( क वविरर
िस ववलभ्न उपरय और रथरओ की शु आत की।
कारण (R): यह ्रसीसी ल ग मं सरमूहहक पहिरन की भरवनर पदर करन क ललए ककयर गयर थर।
5. अलिकथन (A): रलशयर की पहल पर एक सीमर शु्क सघ यर ि लवररन कर गठन ककयर गयर थर।
कारण (R): टररफ बरिरओ क समर्त कर हदयर गयर और मुिरओ की स्यर क बिीस स घटरकर द कर हदयर
गयर।
6. अलिकथन (A): मजिनी क ररिशरही क अथक ववर ि और एक ल कतरररक गणरर्य क उनक ृज्टक ण न
हढवरहदय क डरर हदयर।
कारण (R): मटरननख न उ्हं 'हमररी सरमरजिक ्यव्थर कर सबस खतरनरक द्ु मन' बतरयर।
7. अलिकथन (A): इटली सरत रर्य मं ववभरजित थर, जिनमं स कवल एक पर इतरलवी ररयरसत कर शरसन थर।
कारण (R): उिर ्पन क ब बोन ररिरओ क रभु्व मं थर।
8. अलिकथन (A): रर्र क वविरर क बनरन मं स्करनत न मह्वपूणा भूलमकर ननभरई।

कारण (R): लसललसयर मं बुनकर न उन ठकदरर क खखलरफ ववि ह कर नत्र व ककयर थर जि्ह न क्ि मरल की
आपूनता की थी और उ्हं तयरर व्र क ललए आदश हदयर थर लककन उनक भुगतरन मं भररी कमी आई थी।
9. अलिकथन (A): ्यस

ू प मजिनी न ररिशरही क ललए हढवरहदय क सरथ करम ककयर।
कारण (R): इटली क छ ट-छ ट रर्य और ररयरसत मं रबखरर रहनर पडर थर।
31
10. अलिकथन (A): ्यूसप गरीबर्डी एक इतरलवी िनरल, ररिनतर और रर्रवरदी थ जि्ह न इटली क इनतहरस
मं एक बडी भूलमकर ननभरई थी।
कारण (R): इटली की अचिकरश आबरदी, जिनमं ननरिरतर की दर करफ़ी ऊिी थी, उदरर रर्रवरदी वविररिररर स
अभी भी अनिरन थ |
11. अलिकथन (A): ्रसीसी ्रनत एक रभरवशरली घटनर थी जिसन यूर प मं ्रनतय क युग क चिजननत ककयर।
कारण (R): ्रसीसी ्रनत न सरभुतर क ल ग स सररट क ह्तरतररत कर हदयर।
12. अलिकथन (A): 1815 मं ववयनर की सचि पर ह्तरिर ककए गए थ।

कारण (R): मु्य उ्द्य नप ललयन यु्ि क द ररन यूर प मं आए पररवतान क पूवव
ा त करनर थर
==================================================================
ANSWER KEY (Assertion Reason)

1. (d) A is false but R is true
2. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
3. (d) A is false but R is true
7. (c) A is true but R is false.
8. (b) Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
9. (d) Both assertion and reason are false.
10. ( ) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
11. (c) A is true but R is false.
Solution(Assertion Reason)
32
1. A large part of the Balkans was under the control of the Ottoman Empire. The spread of the
ideas of romantic nationalism in the Balkans together with the disintegration of the
Ottoman Empire made this region very explosive. All through the nineteenth century the
Ottoman Empire had sought to strengthen itself through modernisation and internal
reforms but with very little success. One by one, its European subject nationalities broke
away from its control and declared independence.
2. The four factors which seemed to outweigh the advantages of the administrative changes
are
(i) Increased taxation on people (ii) Strict censorship on prinung media and books. (iii)
Forced conscription into the French Armies to satisfy its imperialist ambition. (iv)
Restriction on Freedom.
3. The Civil Code of 1804 – usually known as the Napoleonic Code. This code did away with all
privileges based on birth, established equality before the law and secured the right to
property
4. The French Revolution proclaimed that it was the people who would henceforth constitute
the nation and shape its destiny. From the very beginning, the French Revolutionaries
introduced various measures and practices that would create a sense of collective identity
amongst the French people. The centralised administrative system was one of the measures
taken for making uniform laws for all citizens within its territory.
5. In 1834, a customs union of Zollverein was formed at the initiative of Prussia and was
joined by most of the German states. The union abolished tariff barriers and reduced the
number of currencies from over thirty to two.
6. Mazzini relentlessly opposed the monarchy. His secret societies wanted that Italy should
not remain just like patchwork of regions but should be united into nation state. Mazzini
wanted a democratic republic to be set up replacing the monarch. He organized popular
uprisings to unify Italy.
7. Italy was divided into seven states of which only one, SardiniaPiedmont, was ruled by an
Italian princely hopse. The north was under Austrian Habsburgs and the southern regions
were under the domination of The Bourbon kings of Spain.
8. Culture played an important role in creating the idea of the nation: art and poetry, stories
and music helped express and shape nationalist feelings.
The year 1848 was a year when rise in food prices or a year of bad harvest led to
widespread pauperism in town and country. Earlier in 1845, a large crowd of weavers
emerged from their homes and marched in pairs up to the mansion of their contractor
demanding higher wages and led a revolt.
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9. Mazzini s relentless opposition to monarchy and his vision of democratic republics
frightened the conservatives. Italy had to be forged into a single unified republic within a
wider alliance of nations/ It could not be a patchwork of small states and kingdoms.
10. In 1861 Victor Emmanuel II was proclaimed king of united Italy. However, much of the
Italian population, among whom rates of illiteracy were very high, remained blissfully
unaware of liberalnationalist ideology. The peasant masses who had supported Garibaldi in
southern Italy had never heard of )talia, and believed that La Talia was Victor Emmanuel s
wife!
11. The French Revolution transferred the sovereignty from the people to the monarchy to a
body of French citizens.
12. The Treaty of Vienna of 1815 with the object of undoing most of the changes that had come
about in Europe during the Napoleonic wars.
====================================================
Clue based questions and match the column

1. Identify the important historical event of Europe with the help of following.
(i) Hosted by Austrian chancellor Duke Metternich in 1815.
(ii) The Bourbon dynasty was restored to power.
(iii) A new conservative system was setup.
Select the appropriate option from the following.
[A] Treaty of Vienna [B] Napoleonic Code
[C] Unification of Germany [D] Unification of Italy
नन्नललखखत की सहरयतर स यरू प की मह्वपूणा ऐनतहरलसक घटनर की पहिरन कीजिए।
(i) 1815 मं ऑज्रयरई िरसलर ्यूक मटरननख ्वररर ह ्ट ककयर गयर।
(ii) ब बो ररिवश क सिर मं बहरल ककयर गयर थर।
(iii) एक नई हढवरदी रणरली ्थरवपत की गई थी।
नन्नललखखत मं स उपयु्त ववक्प कर ियन कीजिए।
[अ ]ववयनर की सचि [ब ]नप ललयन सहहतर
[स ]िमानी कर एकीकरण [द ]इटली कर एकीकरण
34
(i) The contribution of Garibaldi in unification of a country.
(ii) A Princely state Sardinia- Piedmont played a lead role in Unification of a country.
(iii)In 1861, Victor Emmanuel II was declared king.
(a) Unification of Italy (b) Unification of Germany

(c)Greek Independence (d) French revolution
नन्नललखखत की सहरयतर स यूर प की मह्वपूणा ऐनतहरलसक घटनर की पहिरन कीजिए।
(i) ककसी दश क एकीकरण मं गरीबर्डी कर य गदरन।
(ii) एक ररयरसत सर्डाननयर -पीडम ट न एक दश क एकीकरण मं रमुख भूलमकर ननभरई।
(iii) 1861 मं , वव्टर इमनुएल ्ववतीय क ररिर घ वषत ककयर गयर थर।
(अ (इटली कर एकीकरण (ब (िमानी कर एकीकरण
(स (यूनरन की ्वतरतर (द (्रसीसी ्रनत
3. The important historical event of Europe with the help of following.

(i) Role of Frankfurt parliament.
(ii) Otto von Bismarck, state Prussia and The king of Prussia, Kaiser William -I Played and
important role played in this event.
(a) Unification of Italy (b) Unification of Germany
(b) Greek Independence (d) French revolution
(i) ्ंकफटा ससद की भलू मकर।
(ii) ओट वॉन रब्मरका, रर्य रशर और रशर क ररिर, कसर ववललयम-I न इस आय िन मं मह्वपूणा भूलमकर ननभरई।
35
(अ (इटली कर एकीकरण (ब (िमानी कर एकीकरण
(स (यूनरन की ्वतरतर( .द (्रसीसी ्रनत
(i) The vast territory lying between the black sea and the Adriatic Sea comprising the modern states
of Romania, Albania Serbia etc.
(ii)All these were once the part of the Ottoman Empire.
(iii) These states were fiercely jealous of each other and each hoped to gain more territory at the
expense of the others.
(a) The French revolution (b) Vienna Congress
(c) Treaty of Constantinople (d) The Balkans Problem
(i) करलर सरगर और ए्रयरहटक समि

ु क बीि ज्थत ववशरल िर जिसमं र मरननयर, अ्बरननयर और सरबायर आहद क
आिुननक रर्य शरलमल हं।
(ii) य सभी कभी ओट मन सररर्य कर हह्सर थ।
(iii) य रर्य एक-दस

ू र स बहद ई्यरा करत थ और र्यक क दस
ू र की कीमत पर अचिक िर हरलसल करन की उ्मीद थी।
(अ (्रसीसी ्रनत (ब (ववयनर कररस
(स (कॉ््टं हटन पल की सचि (द (बर्कन सम्यर
5. Identify the important historical person of Europe with the help of following.
(i) A French artist, visualised word as democratic and social republics.
(ii) He presented a Utopian vision in his painting.
(a) Napoleon (b) Giuseppe Mazzini

(c)Frederic Sorrieu (d) Otto von Bismarck
नन्नललखखत की सहरयतर स यूर प क मह्वपूणा ऐनतहरलसक ्यज्त की पहिरन कीजिए।
36
(i) एक ्रसीसी कलरकरर, जिसन वव्व क आदशा ल कतरररक और सरमरजिक गणरर्य क प मं दखर ।
(ii) उ्ह न अपनी पं हटग मं एक यूट वपयन ृज्ट र्तुत की।
(अ (नप ललयन( ब (्यस

ू प मजिनी
(स (्डररक स ररयू( द (ओट वॉन रब्मरका
ANSWER KEY CLUE BASED QUESTIONS

1. A 2. A 3. B 4. D 5. C
=================================================
CASE STUDY QUESTIONS 1

Q.1 Read the source given below and answer the following questions -
Following the defeat of Napoleon in 1815, European governments were driven by a spirit of conservatism.
Conservatives believed that established, traditional Institutions of state and society- like the monarchy the
Church, social hierarchies, property and the family- should be preserved. Most conservatives, however, did
not propose a return of the society of Pre- revolutionary days. Rather, they realized from the changes
initiated by Napoleon, the modernization could in fact strengthen traditional Institutions like the monarchy.
It could make state power more effective and stronger. A modern army, an efficient bureaucracy, a dynamic
economy, the abolition of feudalism and serfdom could strengthen the autocratic monarchies of Europe. In
1815 representatives of the European powers- Britain, Russia, Persia and Austria- who had collectively
defeated Napoleon, met at Vienna to draw up a settlement for Europe. The Congress was hosted by the
Austrian Chancellor Duke Metternich. The delegates drew up the Treaty of Vienna of 1815 with the object of
undoing most of the changes that had come about in Europe during the Napoleonic wars. The Bourbon
dynasty, which had been deposed during the French revolution was restored to power and France lost the
territories it had annexed under Napoleon. A series of state was set up on the boundaries of France to
prevent French expansion in future.
1815 मं नप ललयन की हरर क बरद यूर पीय सरकररं हढवरद की भरवनर स रररत थी| हढवरदी मरनत थ कक रर्य और समरि की
्थरवपत पररपररक स्थरए- िस ररितर, ििा, सरमरजिक उि -नीि , सपवि और पररवरर क बनरए रखनर िरहहए | कफर भी अचिकतर
हढवरदी ल ग ्रनत स पहल क द र मं वरपसी नही िरहत थ| नप ललयन ्वररर शु ककए गए पररवतान स उ्ह न यह िरन ललयर थर
37
कक आिनु नकीकरण , ररितर िसी पररपररक स्थरओ क मिबत
ू बनरन मं सिम थर| वह रर्य की तरकत क ्यरदर कररगर और
मिबत
ू बनर सकतर थर | एक आिनु नक सनर, कुशल न करशरही, गनतशील अथा्यव्थर, सरमतवरद और भद
ू रस्व की समरज्त यूर प
क ननरकुश ररितर क शज्त रदरन कर सकत थ| 1815 मं रिटन, स, रशर और ऑ्रललयर िसी यूर पीय शज्तय जि्ह न
लमलकर नप ललयन क हररयर थर- क रनतननचि यूर प क ललए एक समझ तर तयरर करन क ललए ववयनर मं लमल| इस स्मलन की
मिबरनी ऑज्रयर क िरसलर ्यूक मटरननख न की| इसमं रनतननचिय न 1815 की ववयनर सचि तयरर की जिसकर उ्द्य उन कई
सरर बदलरव क ख्म करनर थर ि नप ललयरई यु्ि क द ररन हुए थ| ्रसीसी ्रनत क द ररन हटरए गए बुबं वश क सिर मं बहरल
ककयर गयर और ्रस मं उन इलरक क ख हदयर जिन पर क्िर उसन नप ललयन क अिीन ककयर थर| ्रस की सीमरओ क कई ररि
करयम कर हदए गए तरकक भवव्य मं ्रस वव्तरर नर कर सक
Answer the following MCQ’s by choosing the most appropriate option.

Q1. Which of the following statement correctly describe about European conservative ideology?
नन्नललखखत मं स क न सर कथन यूर पीय हढवरदी वविररिररर क बरर मं सही वणान करतर ह?
(a). Preservation of beliefs introduced by Napoleon.
नप ललयन ्वररर शु की गई मर्यतरओ कर सरिण।
(b). Preservation of socialist ideology in economic sphere.
आचथाक िर मं समरिवरदी वविररिररर कर सरिण।
(c). Preservation of two sects of Christianity.
ईसरई िमा क द सरदरय कर सरिण।
(d). Preservation of traditionalist beliefs in state and society.
रर्य और समरि मं परपररवरदी मर्यतरओ कर सरिण।
Q2. Identify the purpose to convene the congress of Vienna in 1815 from the following-
नन्नललखखत मं स 1815 मं ववयनर क कररस क बल

ु रन क उ्द्य की पहिरन करं -
(a). To declare competition of German unification
िमान एकीकरण की रनतय चगतर घ वषत करन क ललए
(b). To restore conservation regime in Europe
यरू प मं सरिण ्यव्थर बहरल करन क ललए
(c). To declare war against France.
38
्रस क खखलरफ य्
ु ि की घ षणर करन क ललए।
(d). To start the process of Italian unification.
इतरलवी एकीकरण की रक्यर शु करन क ललए।
Q3. What did conservatives focus on at the congress of Vienna? Select the appropriate option-
ववयनर क स्मलन मं हढवरहदय न ककस पर ्यरन कंहित ककयर? उपय्

ु त ववक्प कर ियन करं -
(a). To re-establish peace and stability in Europe. यूर प मं शरनत और ज्थरतर क कफर स ्थरवपत करनर।
(b). To establish socialism in Europe. यूर प मं समरिवरद की ्थरपनर करनर।
(c). To introduce democracy in France. ्रस मं ल कतर की शु आत करन क ललए।
(d). To set up a new Parliament in Austria. ऑज्रयर मं एक नई ससद की ्थरपनर करनर।
Q4. How did the congress of Vienna ensure peace in Europe?
ववयनर की कररस न यरू प मं शरनत कस सनु नज्ित की?
(a). With the restoration of Bourbon Dynasty. ब बोन ररिवश की बहरली क सरथ।
(b). Austria was not given the control of northern Italy. ऑज्रयर क उिरी इटली कर ननयरण नही हदयर गयर थर।
(c). Laying out a balance of power between all the great powers in Europe.
यूर प की सभी महरशज्तय क बीि शज्त सतुलन ्थरवपत करनर।
(d). Preservation of traditionalist beliefs in state and society.
रर्य और समरि मं परपररवरदी मर्यतरओ कर सरिण।
ANSWER KEY CASE STUDY 1

Q.N. 1 2 3 4
Ans d b a c
=====================================================
Q.2 Read the source given below and answer the following questions -
39
In the German regions, a large number of political associations whose members were middle class
professional, businessmen and prosperous artisans, came together in the city of Frankfurt and decided to
vote for an all- German National assembly. On 18 May, 1848, 831 elected representatives marched in a
festive procession to take their places in the Frankfurt parliament convened in the Church of St Paul. They
drafted a constitution for a German nation to be headed by a monarchy subject to a parliament. When the
deputies offered the crown on these terms to Frederick Wilhelm IV, King of Perssia, he rejected it and joined
other monarchs to oppose the elected assembly. While the opposition of the aristocracy and military
became stronger the social basis of parliament eroded. The Parliament was dominated by the middle
classes who resisted the demands of workers and artisans and consequently lost their support. In the end
troops were called in and the Assembly was forced to disband. The issue of extending political rights to
women was a controversial one within the liberal moment in which large numbers of women had
participated actively over the years. Women had formed their own political association, founded
newspapers and taken part in political meetings and demonstrations. Despite this, they were denied
suffrage rights during the election of assembly. When the Frankfurt Parliament convened in the Church of St
Paul, women were admitted only as observers to stand in the visitor s gallery.
िमान इलरक मं बडी स्यर मं ररिनीनतक सगठन न ्ंकफटा शहर मं लमलकर एक सवा िमान नशनल असंबली क पि मं मतदरन कर
फसलर ललयर| 18 मई 1848 क , 831 ननवराचित रनतननचिय न एक सि िि िल
ु स
ू मं िरकर ्ंकफटा ससद मं अपनर ्थरन रहण
ककयर| यह ससद संट पॉल ििा मं आय जित हुई |उ्ह न एक िमान रर्र क ललए एक सवविरन कर रर प तयरर ककयर| इस रर्र की
अ्यितर एक ऐस ररिर क संपी गई जिस ससद क अिीन रहनर थर| िब रनतननचिय न रशर क ररिर ्डररक वव्हम ितुथा क तरि
पहनरन की पशकश की त उसन उस अ्वीकरर कर उन ररिरओ कर सरथ हदयर ि ननवराचित सभर क ववर िी थ|| िहर कुलीन वगा और
सनर कर ववर ि बढ गयर, वही ससद कर सरमरजिक आिरर कमि र ह गयर| ससद म म््वगं कर रभरव अचिक थर जि्ह न मिदरू
और कररीगर की मरग कर ववर ि ककयर जिस स व उनकर समथान ख बठ| अत मं सननक क बुलरयर गयर और और असंबली भग ह न
पर मिबरू हुई| उदररवरदी आद लन क अदर महहलरओ क ररिनीनतक अचिकरर रदरन करन कर म्
ु दर वववरदर्पद थर, हरलरकक आद लन
मं वषं स बडी स्यर मं महहलरओ न सक्य प स भरग ललयर थर| महहलरओ न अपन ररिनीनतक सगठन ्थरवपत ककए, अखबरर शु
ककय और ररिनीनतक बठक और रदशान मं लशरकत की| इसक बरविूद उ्हं असंबली क िुनरव क द ररन मतरचिकरर स वचित रखर
गयर थर| िब संट पॉल ििा मं ्ंकफटा ससद की सभर आय जित की गई थी तब तब महहलरओ क कवल रिक की हलसयत स दशाक
दीघरा मं खड ह न हदयर गयर|
Answer the following MCQs by choosing the most appropriate option-

Q1. People from which classes mainly constituted the members of many political association in the German
region?
िमान िर मं ककन वगं क ल ग म्

ु य प स कई ररिनीनतक सघ क सद्य थ?
(a). Middle-class professionals. म्यम वगा क पशवर। (b). Businessmen ्यरपररी
(c). Prosperous Artisans सम्र ि कररीगर (d). All above classes उपर ्त सभी वगा
Q2. On 18th May 1848 where was Frankfurt Parliament convened? choose the correct option-
40
18 मई 1848 क ्ंकफटा ससद कहर बल
ु रई गई थी? सही ववक्प िन
ु ं-
(a). St Peter's Church संट पीटसा ििा (b). St Paul's Church संट पॉल ििा
c . St John s Church संट िॉ्स ििा (d). St Mary Church संट मरी ििा
Q . Otto Von Bismarck s contribution in building nations of Germany is remarkable. who was he?
िमानी क रर्र ननमराण मं ओट वॉन रब्मरका कर य गदरन उ्लखनीय ह। वह क न थ?
(a). The King of Persia फररस क ररिर
(b). The Prime Minister of Persia फररस क रिरन मरी
(c). The president of Persia फररस क रर्रपनत
(d). The chief minister of Persia फररस क मु्यमरी
Q4. What was the role of women in the Church of St Paul?
संट पॉल ििा मं महहलरओ की ्यर भूलमकर थी?
(a). They were allowed to take active part उ्हं सक्य भरग लन की अनुमनत थी
(b). They suggested their option उ्ह न अपनर ववक्प सुझरयर
(c). They dominated and fought for their right व हरवी रह और अपन अचिकरर क ललए लड
d . They were admitted only as observers to stand in the visitors gallery.
उ्हं दशाक दीघरा मं खड ह न क ललए कवल पयाविक क प मं ही रवश हदयर गयर थर।

Q.N. 1 2 3 4
Ans d b d D

Q.3 Read the source given below and answer the following questions –
During the 1830, Giuseppe Mazzini had sought to put together a coherent programme for a unitary Italian
Republic. He had also formed a secret society called young Italy for the dissemination of his goals. The
41
failure of revolutionary uprisings both in 1831 and 1848 meant that the mantle now fell on Sardinia-
Piedmont under its ruler, King Victor Emmanuel II, to unify the Italian States through war. In the eyes of the
ruling elites of this region a unified Italy, offered them the possibility of economic development and political
dominance. Chief Minister Cavour who led the movement to unify the regions of Italy, was neither a
revolutionary nor a democrat. Like many other wealthy and educated members of the Italian elite, he spoke
French much better than he did Italian. Through a tactful diplomatic alliance with France engineered by
Cavour, Sardinia-Piedmont succeeded in defeating the Austrian forces in 1859. Apart from the regular
troops a large number of armed volunteers under the leadership of Giuseppe Garibaldi joined the fray. In
1860 they marched into South Italy and the Kingdom of the Sicilies and succeeded in winning the support of
the local peasants in order to drive out the Spanish rulers. In 1861, Victor Emmanuel II was proclaimed king
of United Italy. However much of the Italian population among whom rates of illiteracy were very high,
remained blissfully unaware of liberal nationalists ideology. The peasant masses who had supported
Garibaldi in Southern )taly had never heard of )talia, and believed that La Talia was Victor Emmanuel s
wife.
1830 क दशक मं ्युसप म्सनी न एकीकरत इतरलवी गणरर.्य क ललए एक सुवविरररत करया्म र्तुत करन की क लशश की थी |
उसन अपन उ्द्य क रसरर क ललए यग इटली नरमक एक गु्त सगठन भी बनरयर थर | 1831 पर 1848 मं ्रनतकररी ववि ह की
असफलतर स यु्ि क िररए इतरलवी रर्य क ि डन की जि्मदररी सरहदा ननयर पीडमरउट क शरसक वव्टर इमरनुएल ्ववतीय पर
आ गई| इस िर क शरसक अलभिरत वगा की निर मं एकीकरत इटली उनक ललए आचथाक ववकरस और ररिनीनतक रभ्ु व की सभरवनरए
उ्प्न करतर थर| मरी रमुख करवूर , जिसन इटली क रदश क एकीकरत करन वरल आद लन कर नत्र व ककयर, न त एक ्रनतकररी
थर और न ही िनतर मं वव्वरस रखन वरलर| इतरलवी अलभिरत वगा क तमरम अमीर और लशषित सद्य की तरह वह इतरलवी भरषर
स कही बहतर ्ंि ब लतर थर |्रस| स सरहदा ननयर पीडमरउट की एक ितुर कूटनीनतक सचि, जिसक पीछ करवूर कर हरथ थर, स
सरहदा ननयर पीडमरउट 1859 मं ऑ्रललयरई बल क हरर परन मं करमयरब हुआ| ननयलमत सननक क अलरवर ्युसप गरीबर्डी क
नत्र व मं भररी स्यर मं सश्र ्वयसवक न इस य्
ु ि मं हह्सर ललयर| 1880 मं व दषिण इटली और द सीसीललय क रर्य मं
रवश कर गए और ्पनी शरसक क हटरन क ललए ्थरनीय ककसरन कर समथान परन मं सफल रह|1881 मं इमरनए
ु ल ्ववतीय क
एकीकरत इटली कर ररिर घ वषत ककयर गयर| मगर इटली क अचिकरश ननवरसी जिनमं ननरिरतर की दर करफी ऊिी थी अभी भी
उदररवरदी रर्रवरदी वविररिररर स अनिरन थ| दषिणी इटली मं जिन आम ककसरन न गरीबर्डी क समथान हदयर थर, उ्ह न इटरललयर
क बरर मं कभी सुनर ही नही थर और व मरनत थ कक लर टरललयर वव्टर इमरनुएल की प्नी थी|
A swer the followi g MCQ’s y hoosi g the ost appropriate optio -
सबस उपय्
ु ि ववक्प चन
ु कर तन्नलिखिि र्नं क उतर दं -
Q . Who formed a secret society called young )taly ? 'यग इटली' नरमक गु्त समरि कर गठन ककसन ककयर?
(a). Giuseppe Mazzini ्यूसप मरजिनी (b). Giuseppe Garibaldi ्यूसप गरीबर्डी
(c). Otto Von Bismark ओट वॉन रब्मरका (d). Victor Emmanuel II वव्टर इमनुएल II
Q2. Who led the movement to unify the regions of Italy?
42
इटली क िर क एकिट
ु करन क आद लन कर नत्र व ककसन ककयर?
(a). Napoleon Bonapart नप ललयन ब नरपरटा (b). Kaiser William II कसर ववललयम II
(c). Chief Minister Cavour. मु्यमरी कवूर। (d). Chief Minister Otto Von Bismark मु्यमरी ओट वॉन रब्मरका
Q3. According to the extract, what was the reason for a large part of Italian population remaining unaware
of the liberal ideology?
उ्िरण क अनस
ु रर, इतरलवी आबरदी क एक बड हह्स क उदररवरदी वविररिररर स अनिरन रहन कर ्यर कररण थर?
(a)-They were unaware of the circumstances. व पररज्थनतय स अनलभञ थ।
(b). They didn t want to get involved in mess. व ककसी झझट मं नही पडनर िरहत थ।
(c). They were illiterate, so they remained unaware of the liberal ideology
व अनपढ थ, इसललए व उदररवरदी वविररिररर स अनलभञ रह
(d). They were busy in their lives and had no time.
व अपन िीवन मं ्य्त थ और उनक परस समय नही थर।
Q4. Who proclaimed himself as the king of united Italy?
ककसन खुद क सयु्त इटली कर ररिर घ वषत ककयर?
(a). La Taila लर तरललय (b). Giuseppe Garibaldi ्यूसप गरीबर्डी
(c). Sardnia सरहदा ननयर (d). Victor Emmanual II वव्टर ए्मनअ

ु ल II
Q.N. 1 2 3 4
Ans a C D d
====================================================
Q.4 Read the source given below and answer the questions by choosing the
most appropriate option:
43
Frédéric Sorrieu, a French artist, in 1848 prepared a series of four prints visualising his dream of a world
made up of democratic and Social Republics.
The first print shows the people of Europe and America marching in a long train and offering homage to the
Statue of Liberty as they pass it. The torch of Enlightenment was carried by a female figure in one hand and
the Charter of the Rights of Man in the other.
On the earth in the foreground lie the shattered remains of the symbols of absolutist institutions.
The procession was led by the United States and Switzerland, followed by France and Germany. Following
the German people are the people of Austria, the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies, Lombardy, Poland, England,
Ireland, Hungary and Russia.
From the heavens above, Christ, saints and angels gaze upon the scene. They have been used by the artist to
symbolise fraternity among the nations of the world.
1. At the time when Frederic sorrieu made the painting there was
(a)Established democratic and social republic in Europe (b) Monarchy in Europe
(c) Nation states in Europe (d) Peoples rule in Europe
2.The statue shown in sorrieu's print is an -
(a) Allegory of nation (b) Allegory of female
(c) Allegory of Liberty (d) Allegory of Utopian Vision
3. A Government or system of the rule that has no restraints on the power exercised?
(a) Utopian (b) democratic and social republic
(c) absolutist (d) nation-states
4.At the time when sorrieu created this image, the German people did not yet exist as a united nation. But
still peoples of Germany are shown bearing the black, red, and gold flag because-
(a) There was rule of people in Germany
(b) He wanted to promote Conservatism
(c) He wanted to show fraternity among nations of the world
(d) He wanted to created hope of German unification
तन्नलिखिि उ्धरण क ्यानपव

ू क
ग पहिए और उसक नीच हदए गए र्नं क उतर लिखिए –
्रसीसी कलरकरर ्डररक स ररयू न 1848 मं ल कतरररक और सरमरजिक गणरर्य स बनी दनु नयर क अपन सपन की क्पनर करत
हुए िरर वरट की एक ्खलर
र तयरर की। पहल वरट मं यरू प और अमररकर क ल ग क एक लबी कतरर मं िलत हुए और ्ट्यू ऑफ
44
ललबटी की वदनर करत हुए हदखरयर गयर ह। उस महहलर पक क एक हरथ म ञरन दय की मशरल और दस
ू र मं मन्ु य क अचिकरर कर
िरटा र थी। रनतमर क सरमन ननरकुश स्थरओ क रतीक क टूट हुए अवशष हं। िल
ु स
ू कर नत्र व सय्
ु त रर्य अमररकर और
ज्व्िरलंड न ककयर, उसक बरद ्रस और िमानी न ककयर। िमान ल ग क बरद ऑज्रयर, द लसलसली सररर्य, ल ्बरडी, प लंड,
इ्लंड, आयरलंड, हगरी और स क ल ग हं। ्वगा स, मसीह, सत और ्वगादत
ू इस पर निरं िमरए हुए हं। उनकर उपय ग कलरकरर
्वररर दनु नयर क रर्र क बीि बिु्व कर रतीक करन क ललए ककयर गयर ह।
1.जिस समय ्डररक स ररयू न पं हटग बनरई थी, उस समय
(अ) यरू प मं ल कतरररक और सरमरजिक गणरर्य (ब) यरू प मं ररिशरही
(स) यूर प मं रर्र रर्य (द) यूर प मं ल ग शरसन करत हं
2.सॉरीयू क वरट मं हदखरई गई मूनता ह
(अ) रर्र कर पक (ब) महहलर कर पक
(स) ललबटी कर पक (द) यूट वपयन वविन कर पक
3. एक सरकरर यर शरसन की रणरली जिसमं रय ग की िरन वरली शज्त पर क ई र क नही ह?
(अ) यट
ू वपयन (ब) ल कतरररक और सरमरजिक गणतर
(स) ननरकुशतरवरद (द) रर्र-रर्य
4. जिस समय स ररयू न यह छवव बनरई, उस समय िमान ल ग एक सयु्त रर्र क प मं म िूद नही थ। लककन कफर भी िमानी क
ल ग क करल, लरल और स न क झड क सरथ हदखरयर िरतर ह ्य कक
(अ) िमानी मं ल ग कर शरसन थर (ब) वह हढवरद क बढरवर दनर िरहतर थर
(स) वह दनु नयर क दश क बीि बिु्व हदखरनर िरहतर थर (द) वह िमान एकीकरण की आशर पदर करनर िरहतर थर

1.(b) Monarchy in Europe (ब) यूर प मं ररिशरही
2.(c) Allegory of Liberty (स) ललबटी कर पक
3.(c) absolutist (स) ननरकुशतरवरद
4.(d) He wanted to created hope of German unification (द) वह िमान एकीकरण की आशर पदर करनर िरहतर थर
===========================================================================
45
Q.5 Read the source given below and answer the questions by choosing the
most appropriate option:
A major event that served for inculcating the nationalist feelings among the educated elite across
Europe was the Greek war of independence.
Greece was under the Ottoman Empire since the 15th century. Ottoman Empire was formed at the
end of the 13th century by Oghuz Turkish tribal leader Osman
I. The independence struggle of Greece began in 1821.
The nationalists in Greece were supported by other Greeks who were living in exile. Even the people
from west Europe who had sympathy for the Greek culture also came forward for their support.
Various artists and writers also supported the Greek struggle against the Muslim empire.
The English poet Lord Byron not only organized funds for the Greek struggle but also went to
participate in the war, where he died of fever in 1824. Finally, a treaty of Constantinople was signed
in 1832 that recognized Greece as an independent nation
1. Which event mobilised nationalist feelings among the educated elite across Europe?
(a) French revolution (b) Greek war of independence
(c) Both A and B (d) None of the above
2. Who supported the Greek nationalists in war for their independence?
(a) Eastern European countries (b)Greeks living in exile and many western European countries
(c)Arabian countries (d) All of these
3.Which country is known as the cradle of European civilization?
(a) Britain (b) France
(c) Italy (d) Greece
4. Which treaty recognized Greece as an independent nation?
(a) Treaty of Vienna (b) Treaty of Constantinople
(c) Treaty of Versailles (d) None of these
तन्नलिखिि उ्धरण क ्यानपव

ू क
ग पहिए और उसक नीच हदए गए र्नं क उतर लिखिए –
46
एक रमख
ु घटनर जिसन परू यरू प मं लशषित अलभिरत वगा क बीि रर्रवरदी भरवनरओ क िगरन कर करम ककयर, वह थी यन
ु रन कर
्वतरतर य्
ु ि। रीस 15 वी शतर्दी स ओट मन सररर्य क अिीन थर। तक
ु ा सररर्य कर गठन 13 वी शतर्दी क अत मं ओघि
ु
तुकी आहदवरसी नतर उ्मरनी ्वररर ककयर गयर थर I. रीस कर ्वतरतर सररम 1821 मं शु हुआ थर। रीस मं रर्रवरहदय क अ्य
यूनरननय ्वररर समचथात ककयर गयर थर ि ननवरासन मं रह रह थ। यहर तक कक पज्िमी यूर प क ल ग भी, ि यूनरनी स्करनत क
रनत सहरनुभूनत रखत थ, भी उनक समथान क ललए आग आए। ववलभ्न कलरकरर और लखक न भी मुज्लम सररर्य क खखलरफ
रीक सघषा कर समथान ककयर। अरिी कवव लॉडा बरयरन न न कवल रीक सघषा क ललए िन कर आय िन ककयर बज्क यु्ि मं भरग
लन क ललए भी गए, िहर 1824 मं बख
ु रर स उनकी म्र यु ह गई। अत मं 1832 मं कु्त्
ु तनु नयर की एक सचि न रीस क एक
्वतर रर्र क प मं मर्यतर दी
1. ककस घटनर न पूर यूर प मं लशषित अलभिरत वगा क बीि रर्रवरदी भरवनरओ कर सिरर ककयर?
(अ) ्रसीसी ्रनत (ब) ्वतरतर कर रीस यु्ि
(स) ए और बी द न (द) उपर ्त मं स क ई नही
2.रीक रर्रवरहदय क उनकी ्वतरतर क ललए यु्ि मं ककसन समथान हदयर?
(अ) पूवी यूर पीय दश (ब) ननवरासन मं रहन वरल यूनरननय और कई पज्िमी यूर पीय दश
(स) अरब दश (द) य सभी
3. ककस दश क यूर पीय स्यतर कर परलनर कहर िरतर ह ?
(अ) रिटन (ब) ्रस
(स) इटली (द) रीस
4. ककस सचि न रीस क एक ्वतर रर्र क प मं मर्यतर दी?
(अ) ववयनर की सचि (ब) कॉ््टं हटन पल की सचि
(स) वसराय की सचि (द) इनमं स क ई नही
1. Greek war of independence रीस ्वतरतर सररम
2. Greeks living in exile and many Western European countries ननवरासन मं रहन वरल यूनरनी और कई पज्िमी
यूर पीय दश
3.Greece रीस
47
4. Treaty of Constantinople कॉ््टं हटन पल की सचि
GEOGRAPHY
CHAPTER ONE: RESOURCE AND DEVELOPMENT
NOTES -
48
RESOURCE: Everything available in the environment which can be used to satisfy our needs,
provided it is technologically accessible, economically feasible and culturally acceptable can be
termed as a resource.
● Human beings are essential components of resources. They transform material available in
our environment into resource and use them.
● They interact with nature through technology and create institutions to accelerate economic
development.
● CLASSIFICATION OF RESOURCES – On the basis of:
● ORIGIN: Biotic and Abiotic Resources
● EXHAUSTIBILITY Renewable and Non-Renewable Resources
● OWNERSHIP: Individual, Community, National
and International Resources
● STATUS OF Potential, Developed, Stock, Reserves

DEVELOPMENT
Resource Development: It refers to the optimum utilization of the resources required for
growth.
Problems of Resource Development –

1) Depletion of resources for satisfying the greed of a few individuals.
2) Accumulation of resources in few hands, which in turn divides the society into haves and
have not s
3) Indiscriminate exploitation of resources has led to global ecological crisis such as
global warming, ozone layer depletion, environmental pollution and land
degradation.
Resource Planning: It is a strategy for judicious use of resources.
Need for Resource Planning -

1) Resources are unevenly distributed. There are some regions which may be rich in
some types of resources and deficient in other types. For e.g. Arunachal Pradesh
has abundant water resources but lacks in infrastructural development.
2) Resources are limited.
3) For the judicious use of resources.
4) To prevent over exploitation of resources.
5) To save for the future generations.
Three stages of Resource Planning:
i) Identification and inventory of resources, it includes surveying, mapping, quantitative
and qualitative estimation and measurement of the resources.
49
ii) Evolving a planning structure endowed with appropriate technology, skill and
institutional set up for implementing resource development plan.
iii) Matching the resource development plan with the overall development plan.
Conservation of Resources: A judicious and a planned way to utilize resources
Need to conserve Resources:

1) Resources are limited.
2) Most of the Resources are non- renewable.
3) Any irrational consumption or over-utilization of resource can lead to serious
socio- economic repercussions
Land Resource –
Importance of land resource

1) Human beings live on land.
2) Land is a resource of finite magnitude.
3) It supports natural vegetation and wildlife.
4) Almost all the economic activities are practiced over land.
5) Transport and communication are well developed on land.
Land: Variety and Relief Features -
● Mountains – 30% Give rise to perennial rivers provides facilities
for tourism and ecological aspects.
● Plains – About 43% Provides facilities for agriculture and industry.
● Plateau Region – about rich in minerals, fossil fuels and forests.
27%
Land Use: A judicious and a planned way of using the land for different purposes to ensure its
optimum utilization.
1) Forest
2) Land not available for cultivation: It includes barren and waste land and land put to non-
agricultural uses such as roads, building, factories etc. also called wasteland.
3) Pasture land
4) Land under tree crops (not included in the net sown area).
5) Culturable waste land (left uncultivated for more than 5 agricultural years)
6) Fallow land: Current fallow land (left without cultivation up to one year and other than
current fallow land left for 1-5 agricultural year)
50
7) Net Sown Area: Area which is sown at least once a year.
Land Use Data of India

Area: 3.28 Million sq. km.
Data available for 93% of total area
Areas which could not be covered for data – Most of the north eastern states except Assam and
some areas of Jammu and Kashmir occupied by Pakistan and China.
Merits and Demerits of Land Use –
Merits -
1) Net sown area: India has the highest net sown area of more than 50%.
2) Forest area has increased substantially.
Demerits -
1) Pasture land is limited (4%)
2) Area under forest must be increased to at least 33%.
Reasons for high and low proportion of net sown area -
Punjab and Haryana – High proportion of NSA due to:
1) Favorable topography of leveled land
2) Fertile alluvial soil
3) Favorable climatic conditions
4) Very good agricultural infrastructure.
Arunachal Pradesh, Mizoram, Manipur etc. – Low proportion of NSA due to:
1) Unfavorable topography, mountainous areas.
2) Poor soil cover.
3) Cold climatic conditions
4) Poor agricultural infrastructure.
Land degradation: Land which is unfit for cultivation.
Causes of Land degradation

1) Deforestation: When the trees are cut the roots loosen their grip on the soil. This loose
soil gets easily eroded by wind and water ultimately leading to land degradation. For eg
Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh.
2) Overgrazing: When the cattle is left to graze without supervision, it has a tendency to
overgraze over some patches of land due to which the plants and grass gets uprooted. The
soil becomes loose and gets eroded easily leading to land degradation. For eg. Gujarat,
Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra.
3) Mining and quarrying

a) Mining sites are often abandoned after the excavation work is complete.
51
b) Mineral processing like grinding of limestone for cement industry and calcite and
soapstone for ceramic industry generate huge quantity of dust in the atmosphere. It
retards the process of infiltration of water into the soil after it settles down on the land.
4) Industrial effluents: Industrial effluents are thrown over the land without giving proper
treatment to the waste. It leads to pollution and land degradation.
5) Over irrigation: Water logging leads to the increase of salinity or alkalinity of the
soil which is responsible for land degradation. For eg. Punjab and Haryana.
Measures to control Land degradation
1) Afforestation
2) Grazing of cattle under supervision.
3) Mining activities must be controlled.
4) Treatment must be given to the industrial effluents.
5) Optimum use of water for irrigation.
Types of Waste Land
1) Water eroded area – 56%
2) Forest degraded area – 28%
3) Wind eroded area – 10%
4) Saline and alkaline area – 6%
SOIL
Factors Influencing Soil Formation
Relief Parent Climat Vegetation & other Ti

Rock/Bedro e living organisms m
ck e
TYPES OF SOIL
ALLUVIAL SOIL
Location: Ganga- Satluj basin, delta regions of the Eastern Coastal Plains, parts of Gujarat and
Rajasthan.
Formation: Formed due to the deposition brought by the river systems of the Ganga, the Indus
and the Brahmaputra.
Features:
# Most fertile,
# Most widespread,
# Rich in phosphoric acid potash and lime # composed of sand, silt and clay
# On the basis of their age it is classified as khadar and bhangra.
KHADAR BHANGAR
New alluvium Old alluvium
Very fertile Less fertile
Composed of fine silt Composed of kankar nodules
52
BLACK SOIL
Location: Deccan Trap – Maharashtra, Saurashtra, Malwa, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh.
Formation: Climatic conditions along with the parent rock material are the important
factors for the formation of soil.
Features: # rich in soil nutrients like calcium carbonate, magnesium, potash and lime.
# Poor phosphoric content.
# made up extremely fine particles like clayey material
# High capacity to hold moisture
# develops deep cracks in hot weather, helping in proper aeration of soil.
# Sticky when wet, so tilled immediately after the first shower.
# Black in color, ideal to grow cotton.
RED AND YELLOW SOIL
Location: Eastern and Southern parts of Deccan Plateau, parts of Odisha, Chhattisgarh,
piedmont zone of the Western Ghats.
Formation: Develops on crystalline igneous rocks in areas of low rainfall.
Features: # reddish colour due to diffusion of iron in the soil
#looks yellow in hydrated form
LATERITE SOIL
Location: Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Madhya Pradesh
Formation: develops in the areas receiving high rainfall. Formed due to leaching.
Features: #Humus content is very low. Most of the micro-organisms a particularly
bacterium gets destroyed due to high temperature.
# Suitable for cultivation with adequate doses of manure and fertilizers.
#Tea, Coffee, Cashew nuts are the crops grown here.
ARID SOIL
Location: Rajasthan
Features: #sandy texture, saline in nature
#salt content is high, salt is obtained from here

#after proper irrigation these soils become cultivable
FOREST SOIL
Location: Hilly and mountainous areas
Features: Loamy and silty in valley sides. Acidic with low humus content in the snow-covered areas of
the Himalayas in the lower parts, particularly in river terraces and alluvial fans are fertile.
SOIL EROSION AND CONSERVATION
Soil Erosion: The denudation and subsequent washing away of soil.
Types of soil erosion

53
Sheet Erosion: Sometimes water flows as a sheet over large areas, such that the top soil.
Gully Erosion: When the running water cuts through the clayey soil and makes deep
channel as gullies.
Wind Erosion: Wind blows loose soil away from the flat land and slopes.
Causes of Soil Erosion -
Human Factors
● Deforestation
● Overgrazing
● Mining and Construction
● Over irrigation
Natural Factors
● Wind
● Glacier
● Running water
● Measures to Conserve Soil
● Contour Ploughing: Ploughing along the contour lines can decelerate (reduce)the flow
of water down the slopes.
● Terrace Farming: Steps can be made on the slopes making terraces. It restricts erosion.
● Strip Cropping: Large fields can be divided into strips. Strips of grass are left to grow
between the crops.
● Shelter Belts: Rows of trees are planted to create shelter. It has helped in stabilizing the
sand dunes and thus stabilizing the desert to western India.
हि्दी म ववषय सामरी
हट्पखणया:
ससाधन: पयरावरण मं उपल्ि हर िीि जिसकर उपय ग हमररी ि रत क परू र करन क ललए ककयर िर सकतर ह,
बशते वह तकनीकी प स सल
ु भ ह , आचथाक प स ्यवहरया ह और सर्करनतक प स ्वीकरया ह , उस ससरिन
कहर िर सकतर ह।
• मन्ु य ससरिन क आव्यक घटक हं। व हमरर पयरावरण मं उपल्ि सरमरी क ससरिन मं बदलत हं और
उनकर उपय ग करत हं।
• व र ्य चगकी क मर्यम स रकरनत क सरथ बरतिीत करत हं और आचथाक ववकरस मं तिी लरन क ललए स्थरन
कर ननमराण करत हं।
• ससाधनं का वगीकरण - आधार
54
• उ्पवि: िववक और अिववक ससरिन
• समर्यतर नवीकरणीय और गर-नवीकरणीय ससरिन
• ्वरलम्व: ्यज्तगत, सरमुदरनयक, रर्रीय और अतररा्रीय ससरिन
• ववकरस की ज्थनत सभरववत, ववकलसत, सचित क ष, भडरर
ससाधन ववकास: यह ववकरस क ललए आव्यक ससरिन क इ्टतम उपय ग क सदलभात करतर ह।
ससाधन ववकास की सम्याए -
1) कुछ ्यज्तय क लरलि क सतु्ट करन क ललए ससरिन की कमी।
२) कुछ ही हरथ मं ससरिन कर सिय, ि बदल मं समरि क जिनक परस ह और जिनक परस नही ह, मं ववभरजित
करतर ह |
3) ससरिन क अिरिुि द हन न वज्वक परररज्थनतक सकट िस ्ल बल वरलमंग, ओि न परत की कमी,

पयरावरण रदष
ू ण और भूलम िरण क ि्म हदयर ह।
ससाधन तनय जन: यह ससरिन क वववकपूणा उपय ग की रणनीनत ह।
ससाधन य जना की आव्यकिा:
1) ससरिन असमरन प स ववतररत ककए िरत हं। कुछ िर ऐस हं ि कुछ रकरर क ससरिन मं सम्
र ि ह सकत हं
और वहर अ्य रकरर क ससरिन की कमी ह सकती ह। उदरहरण क ललए अ णरिल रदश मं रिरु मररर मं िल
ससरिन हं लककन ढरिरगत ववकरस ्यन
ू ह।
2) ससरिन सीलमत हं।
3) ससरिन क वववकपूणा उपय ग क ललए।
4) ससरिन क अ्यचिक द हन क र कनर ह।
5) आन वरली पीहढय क ललए ससरिन क बिरनर ह ।
55
ससाधन य जना क िीन चरण:
i) ससरिन की पहिरन और सि
ू ी ननमराण, इसमं ससरिन कर सवेिण, मरनचिरण, मररर्मक और गण
ु र्मक
अनुमरन और मरप शरलमल ह।
ii) ससरिन ववकरस य िनर क लरगू करन क ललए उपय्

ु त र ्य चगकी, क शल और स्थरगत ढरि स सप्न एक
य िनर सरिनर कर ववकरस करनर।
iii) समर ववकरस य िनर क सरथ ससरिन ववकरस य िनर कर लमलरन करनर।
ससाधनं का सरषण: ससरिन क उपय ग कर एक वववकपण

ू ा और ननय जित तरीकर
ससाधनं क सरषण की आव्यकिा:
1) ससरिन सीलमत हं।
2) अचिकरश ससरिन गर-नवीकरणीय हं।
3) ककसी भी अननय जित खपत यर ससरिन क अचिक उपय ग स गभीर सरमरजिक-आचथाक पररणरम ह सकत हं |
िलू म ससाधन
िूलम ससाधन का मि्व
1) मनु्य भूलम पर रहतर ह।
2) भूलम पररलमत पररमरण कर ससरिन ह।
3) यह ररकरनतक वन्पनत और व्य िीवन कर समथान करतर ह।
4) लगभग सभी आचथाक गनतववचियर भूलम पर की िरती हं।
5) पररवहन और सिरर भूलम पर अ्छी तरह स ववकलसत हं।
िलू म: ववलि्न रकार क उ्चावच -
पवात - 30% बररहमरसी नहदय क ि्म दत हं ि पयाटन और परररज्थनतक पहलुओ क
56
ललए सुवविरए रदरन करती हं।
मदरन - लगभग 43% करवष और उ्य ग क ललए सवु विरए रदरन करतर ह।
पठररी िर - लगभग 27% खननि, िीवर्म ंिन और वन स सम्
र ि।
िलू म उपय ग: ववलभ्न उ्द्य क ललए भूलम कर इ्टतम उपय ग सुननज्ित करन क ललए भूलम कर उपय ग
करन कर एक वववकपूणा और ननय जित तरीकर।
1) वन
2) खती क ललए अनप

ु ल्ि भलू म : इसमं बिर और ्यथा भलू म और गर-करवष उपय ग िस सडक, भवन, कररखरन
आहद क ललए शरलमल भूलम ह, जिस बिर भूलम भी कहर िरतर ह।
3) िरररगरह भूलम
4) वि
र फसल क अतगात भूलम (शु्ि ब ए गए िर मं शरलमल नही)।
5) करवष य ्य बिर भूलम (5 स अचिक करवष वषं क ललए रबनर खती क छ ड हदयर गयर)
6) परती भलू म: वतामरन परती भलू म (एक वषा तक खती क रबनर छ डी गई और वतामरन परती भलू म क अनतरर्त
भूलम ि 1-5 वषा तक खती क रबनर छ डी गई)
7) शु्ि ब यर गयर िर: वह िर ि वषा मं कम स कम एक बरर ब यर िरतर ह |
िारि का िलू म उपय ग समक
● िरफल: 3.28 लमललयन वगा ककमी।

● कुल िरफल क 93% क ललए समक उपल्ि हं |
● व िर जि्हं समक हतु ि डर नही िर सकर - असम क छ डकर अचिकरश उिर पूवी रर्य और
ि्मू-क्मीर क कुछ िर पर परकक्तरन और िीन कर क्िर ह।
िलू म उपय ग रा प क तनधागररि करन वाि कारक -
ि तिक कारक: ्थलरकरनत, लम्टी क रकरर और िलवरय।ु

मानव कारक: िनस्यर घन्व, तकनीकी िमतर, स्करनत और परपररए आहद।
57
िलू म उपय ग रा प क गुण और द ष
● गुण
1) शु्ि ब यर गयर िर: भररत मं 50% स अचिक शु्ि ब यर गयर िर ह।
2) वन िर मं करफी व्
र चि हुई ह।
● अवगुण
1) िरररगरह भलू म सीलमत ह (4%)
2) वन क अतगात िर क कम स कम 33% तक बढरयर िरनर िरहहए।
श्
ु ध बव
ु ाई षर (NSA) क उ्च और तन्न अनप
ु ाि क कारण -
पजाब और िररयाणा - एनएसए क उ्ि अनुपरत क कररण:

1) समतल भूलम की अनुकूल ्थलरकरनत
2) उपिरऊ िल ढ लम्टी
3) अनुकूल िलवरयु पररज्थनतयर
4) बहुत अ्छर करवष बनु नयरदी ढरिर।
अ णाचि रदश, लमज रम, मखणपुर आहद - एनएसए क नन्न अनुपरत क कररण:
1) रनतकूल ्थलरकरनत, पवातीय िर।
2) खररब लम्टी कर आवरण।
3) ठडी िलवरयु की ज्थनत
4) खररब करवष अवसरिनर।
िलू म तन्नीकरण: भूलम ि खती क ललए अनुपयु्त ह िरती ह।
िलू म षरण क कारण -
1) वनं की कटाई: िब पड क करटर िरतर ह त िडं लम्टी पर अपनी पकड ढीली कर दती हं। यह ढीली लम्टी हवर
और परनी स आसरनी स न्ट ह िरती ह जिसस अततः भलू म िरण ह तर ह। उदरहरण क ललए म्य रदश और
छिीसगढ।
2) अधधक चराई: िब मवलशय क रबनर पयाविण क िरन क ललए छ ड हदयर िरतर ह, त इसमं भलू म क कुछ हह्स
पर अचिक िरन की रववर ि ह ती ह जिसक कररण प ि और घरस उखड िरत हं। लम्टी ढीली ह िरती ह और आसरनी
58
स न्ट ह िरती ह जिसस भूलम कर िरण ह तर ह। उदरहरण क ललए। गुिररत, ररि्थरन, म्य रदश और
महररर्र।
3) िनन और उ्िनन
क) उ्खनन करया परू र ह न क बरद अ्सर खनन ्थल क खल

ु र छ ड हदयर िरतर ह।
ख) खननि रस्करण िस सीमं ट उ्य ग क ललए िन

ू र प्थर क पीसनर और लसरलमक उ्य ग क ललए क्सरइट
और सरबुन कर प्थर वरतरवरण मं भररी मररर मं िल
ू उ्प्न करतर ह। यह भूलम पर चगरन क बरद लम्टी मं परनी
क अवश षण की रक्यर क िीमर कर दतर ह।
4) औ्य धगक बहिःराव : औ्य चगक अपलश्ट क उचित उपिरर ककए रबनर भूलम पर फंक हदयर िरतर ह। इसस
रदष
ू ण और भलू म िरण ह तर ह।
5) अधधक लसचाई: िल िमरव स लम्टी की लवणतर यर िररीयतर मं व्

र चि ह ती ह ि भूलम िरण क ललए
जि्मदरर ह। उदरहरण क ललए - पिरब और हररयरणर।
िलू म षरण क तनयररि करन क उपाय
1) वनर पण
2) मवलशय क ननगररनी मं िररनर।
3) खनन गनतववचिय क ननयररत ककयर िरनर िरहहए।
4) औ्य चगक अपलश्ट कर उपिरर ककयर िरनर िरहहए।
5) लसिरई क ललए परनी कर इ्टतम उपय ग।
बजर िलू म क रकार
1) िल अपरहदत िर – 56%
2) वन अव्लमत िर – 28%
3) पवन अपिय िर – 10%
59
4) लवणीय और िररीय िर - 6%
मद
ृ ा
मद
ृ ा तनमागण क रिाववि करन वाि कारक -
उ्िरवि
िनक ि्टरन
िलवरयु
वन्पनत और अ्य िीववत िीव
समय
लम्टी क रकार
जि ि लम्टी -
्थान: गगर-सतलुि बलसन, पूवी तटीय मदरन क ड्टर िर, गुिररत और ररि्थरन क कुछ हह्स।
गठन: गगर, लसिु और िनमपुर की नदी रणरललय ्वररर लरए गए ननिपण क कररण ननलमात
ववशषिाए: # सबस उपिरऊ,
#सबस ्यरपक,
#फॉ्फ ररक एलसड प टरश और िन

ू स भरपूर # रत, गरद और लम्टी स बनर
# उनकी उर क आिरर पर इस खरदर और बरगर क प मं वगीकरत ककयर िरतर ह।
● िादर बागर
● नई िल ढ पुररनी िल ढ
● बहुत उपिरऊ कम उपिरऊ
● महीन गरद स ननलमात ककड कण स ननलमात
कािी लम्टी -
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● ्थान: ड्कन रप - महररर्र, स रर्र, मरलवर, म्य रदश, छिीसगढ।
● गठन: लम्टी क ननमराण क ललए मूल ि्टरन सरमरी क सरथ िलवरयु पररज्थनतयर
मह्वपूणा कररक हं।
ववशषिाए:
● # लम्टी क प षक त्व िस कज्शयम करबोनट, म्नीलशयम, प टरश और िन
ू स भरपूर।
● # खररब फॉ्फ ररक सरमरी।
● # लम्टी क पदरथा िस अ्यत महीन कण स बनर ह
● # नमी िररण करन की उ्ि िमतर
● # गमा म सम मं गहरी दरररं ववकलसत करतर ह, जिसस लम्टी क वरतन मं मदद लमलती ह।
● # गील ह न पर चिपचिप, इसललए पहल ्नरन क तरु त बरद ित
ु रई करं ।
● # करलर रग, कपरस उगरन क ललए आदशा।
िाि और पीिी लम्टी -
● ्थान: द्कन पठरर क पव

ू ी और दषिणी भरग, ओ्डशर क कुछ हह्स, छिीसगढ, पज्िमी
घरट क पीडम ट िर।
● गठन: कम वषरा वरल िर मं क््टलीय आ्नय ि्टरन पर ववकलसत ह तर ह।
ववशषिाए:
● #लम्टी मं ल ह क ववसरण क कररण लरल रग
● #हरइरटड प मं पीलर हदखतर ह
िटराइट लम्टी
● ्थान: कनराटक, करल, तलमलनरडु, म्य रदश

● गठन: उ्ि वषरा वरल िर मं ववकलसत ह तर ह। लीचिग क कररण बनतर ह।
● ववशषिाए: # नयूमस सरमरी बहुत कम ह। उ्ि तरपमरन क कररण अचिकरश सू्म
िीव ववशष प स िीवरणु न्ट ह िरत हं।
● # खरद और उवारक की पयरा्त मररर क सरथ खती क ललए उपयु्त।
● #िरय, कॉफी, करिू यहर उगरई िरन वरली फसलं हं।
● श्
ु क लम्टी -
● ्थान: ररि्थरन
● ववशषिाए:
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● # रतील बनरवट, रकरनत मं खररर
● # नमक की मररर अचिक ह ती ह, अचिकरशत: नमक यही स रर्त ह तर ह |
● # उचित लसिरई क बरद य लम्टी खती य ्य ह िरती ह |
वन लम्टी -
● ्थान: पहरडी और पहरडी िर

● ववशषिाए:
● # घरटी क ककनरर मं द मट और लस्टी |
● # हहमरलय क बफा स ढक िर मं कम नयूमस सरमरी क सरथ अ्लीय ननिल हह्स मं ,
ववशष प स नदी की छत और िल ढ रशसक मं उपिरऊ ह त हं
मद
ृ ा अपरदन और सरषण -
ृ ा अपरदन: अनर्छरदन और बरद मं लम्टी कर घल

● मद ु िरनर।
मद
ृ ा अपरदन क रकार
● शीट अपरदन: कभी-कभी परनी बड िर मं िरदर क प मं बहतर ह, िस कक ऊपर की लम्टी।

● गिी अपरदन: िब बहतर हुआ परनी चिकनी लम्टी क करटकर गहरी नरलर बनरतर ह।
● पवन अपरदन: पवन ढीली लम्टी क समतल भूलम और ढलरन स दरू उडरती ह।
मद
ृ ा अपरदन क कारण
मानवीय कारक
● वन की कटरई
● अचिक िररई
● खनन और ननमराण
● अचिक लसिरई
राकृतिक कारक
● हवर
● हहमनद
● बहतर परनी
मद
ृ ा सरषण क उपाय
62
● सम ्च जुिाई: सम ्ि रखरओ क सरथ िुतरई करन स ढलरन क नीि परनी कर रवरह िीमर
ह सकतर ह।
● सीिीदार कृवष: ति ढलरन पर सीहढयर बनरई िर सकती हं। यह मद
र र िरण क र कतर ह।
● प्टी फसि: बड खत क प्हटय मं ववभरजित ककयर िर सकतर ह। फसल क बीि घरस की
प्हटय क उगन क ललए छ ड हदयर िरतर ह।
● रषक मििा: रिक मखलर बनरन क ललए पड की पज्तयर लगरई िरती हं। इसन रत क टील
क ज्थर करन और इस रकरर रचग्तरन क पज्िमी भररत मं ज्थर करन मं मदद की ह।
QUESTION BANK
Multiple choice Questions:-
1. Red soil is red in colour due to the presence of large amounts of –
A. Carbon-dioxide
B. Phosphorus
C. Nitrogen
D. Iron-oxides
नन्न मं स लरल लम्टी मं लरल रग ककसकी अचिक मररर क कररण ह तर ह –

1. करबान डरइऑ्सरइड
2. फ ्फ रस
3. नरइर िन
4. आयरन ऑ्सरइड
2. Which of the following state suffers land degradation causes by over grazing?
A. Madhya Pradesh
B. Punjab
C. Chhattisgarh
D. Assam
नन्न मं स क नसर रर्य अनतपशुिररण क कररण भूलम अवनयन की सम्यर स र्त ह?
1. म्य रदश
2. पिरब
3. छिीसगढ
4. असम
3. Which of the following states suffers from land degradation due to water logging as a result of
over irrigation?
63
A. Gujarat
B. Rajasthan
C. Maharashtra
D. Haryana
नन्न मं स क न सर रर्य अ्यचिक लसिरई क िलत िलभररव क कररण भूलम अवनयन की सम्यर स र्त
ह?
1. गुिररत
2. ररि्थरन
3. महररर्र
4. हररयरणर
4. Balancing the need to use resources and conserving them for the future is called –
A. Resource Utilisation
B. Resource planning
C. Sustainable Development
D. Resource Conservation
भवव्य क ललए सुरषित रखत हुए ससरिन क उपय ग करन मं सतुलन बनरनर कहलरतर ह –
1. ससरिन उपय ग
2. ससरिन ननय िन
3. सिररणीय ववकरस
4. ससरिन सरिण
5. What are shelter belts?
A. Planting rows of trees to prevent soil erosion
B. Growing strips of grass in between crops
C. Growing big plants in between coffee plants to protect them from direct sunlight
D. Terrace farming
रिक मखलर ्यर ह ?
1. मद
र र अपरदन क कम करन हतु वि
र क कतररब्ि र पण करनर
2. फसल क म्य घरस की प्टी लगरनर
3. कॉफ़ी क प ि क सय
ू ा की सीिी र शनी स बिरन हतु बड वि
र क र पनर
4. सीढीदरर करवष
6. Who said the famous lines, There is enough for everybody s need and not for any body s
greed ?
A. Swami Vivekananda
B. Sardar Patel
C. Mahatma Gandhi
D. Swami Dayanand Saraswati
64
"र्यक की आव्यकतर पूती हतु यहर पयरा्त ह पर्तु ककसी क लरलि क ललए नही |" रलस्द पज्तयर
ककसक ्वररर कही गयी?
1. ्वरमी वववकरनद
2. सरदरर पटल
3. महर्मर गरिी
4. ्वरमी दयरनद सर्वती
7. Khadar and Bangar are the two varieties of which of the following soil?
A. Alluvial Soil
B. Black Soil
C. Yellow Soil
D. Laterite Soil
खरदर तथर बरगर ककस मदर र क द रकरर हं ?
1. िल ढ मद
र र
2. करली मद
र र
3. पीली मद
र र
4. लटररइट मद र र
8. Which of the following lands can be categorised under current fallow land ?
A. Land which is sown only once in a year
B. Land left without cultivation for one or less than one year
C. Land used for grazing
D. Land used for building houses, roads etc.
नन्न मं स क न सी भूलम क वतामरन परती भूलम क अतगात वगीकरत ककयर िर सकतर ह?
1. भलू म जिसक वषा मं लसफा एक बरर ि तर िरतर ह|
2. भूलम जिसक रबनर िुतरई कक य एक वषा यर उसस कम समय हुआ ह |
3. िरररगरह हतु रयु्त भूलम
4. मकरन व सडक ननमराण हतु रयु्त भूलम
9. Which of the following soils has to be tilled immediately after the first monsoon shower?
A. Laterite soil
B. Alluvial soil
C. Black soil
D. Red soil
मरनसून की रथम ब छरर क प्िरत क नसी मद
र र िुती हुई निर आती ह ?
1. लटररइटमद
र र
2. िल ढमद
र र
3. करलीमद
र र
65
4. लरलमदर र
10. What percentage of total land in a country should ideally consist of forests?
A. 25%
B. 29%
C. 33%
D. 35%
ककसी दश मं आदशा प मं कुल भूलम कर ककतनर रनतशत वनिर क अतगात ह नर िरहहए?
1. 25%
2. 29%
3. 33%
4. 35%
11. Which method is used for preventing soil degradation caused by excess water flow?
A. Shelter belt
B. Contour ploughing
C. Strip cropping
D. None of the above
नन्न मं स क नसर उपरय अ्यचिक िलबहरव क कररण ह न वरल मद
र र अवनयन स बिरव करतर ह?
1. रिक मखलर
2. सम ्ि रखीय िुतरई
3. प्टीदरर करवष
4. उपर ्त मं स क ई नही
12. Which of the following is a community-owned resource?
A. Orchards
B. Plantation Farm
C. Village grazing lands
D. Poultry farm
नन्न मं स क नसर सरझर सरमुदरनयक ससरिन ह?
1. बगीि
2. र पण फरमा
3. गरव की िरररगरह भूलम
4. मुगीपरलन कंि
13. Bad lands in Chambal basins are known as -

A. Canyon
B. Unfit lands
C. Ravines
D. Waste lands
ि्बल बलसन की उ्खरत भूलम कहलरती ह -
66
1. क्दरर
2. अनुपयु्त भूलम
3. बीहड
4. बकरर भूलम
14. Solar and wind energy are examples of which of the following resources?
A. Developed resources
B. Potential resources
C. Biotic resources
D. Non-renewable resources
स र व पवन उिरा ककस रकरर क ससरिन क उदरहरण हं?
1. ववकलसत ससरिन
2. सभर्य ससरिन
3. िव ससरिन
4. गर नवीकरणीय ससरिन
15. Which of the following soils is useful in the growing of tea and coffee?
A. Alluvial soil
B. Sandy soil
C. Laterite soil
D. Yellow soil
िरय व कॉफ़ी की उपि क ललए नन्न मं स क नसी लम्टी उपय्
ु त ह?
1. िल ढ मद
र र
2. रतीली मद
र र
3. लटररइट मद
र र
4. पीली मदर र
16. Which of the following is not an effect of the indiscriminate exploitation of resources?
A. Depletion of the ozone layer
B. Land degradation
C. Global warming
D. Cyclones
17. नन्न मं स क नसर ससरिन क अिरिि
ु द हन कर रभरव नही ह?
1. ओि न परत कर िरण
2. भूलम अवनयन
3. भूमडलीय तपन
4. ि्वरत
18. Land has been degraded in which of the following state because of mining?
A. Orissa
67
B. Rajasthan
C. Punjab
D. Mizoram
खनन क कररण नन्न मं स ककस रर्य मं भूलम कर अवनयन ह िक
ु र ह?
1. उडीसर
2. ररि्थरन
3. पिरब
4. लमि रम
19. Which type of farming is suitable in hilly areas?
A. Intercropping
B. Terrace farming
C. Subsistence farming
D. Commercial farming
पवातीय िर मं ककस रकरर की करवष उपय्
ु त ह?
1. अ्तर फसलीय
2. सीढीदरर करवष
3. िीवन ननवराह करवष
4. ्यरपरररक करवष
20. Which of the following resources is not classified on the basis of ownership?
A. Individual resources
B. National resources
C. Community owned resources
D. Stock
नन्न मं स क नसर ससरिन ्वरलम्व क आिरर पर वगीकरत नही ककयर गयर ह?
1. ्यज्तगत ससरिन
2. रर्रीय ससरिन
3. सरमुदरनयक ससरिन
4. भडरर
21. The first Earth Summit in 1992 was held at which of the following place?
A. Wellington
B. Amsterdam
C. Rio de Janeiro
D. New York
1992 मं रथम प्
र वी स्मलन कहर आय जित ककयर गयर थर?
1. वललगटन
2. ए््टडाम
68
3. ररय -डी-िनररय
4. ्यूयरका
Assertion and Reason based Questions:-

1. Two statements are given in the question below as Assertion (A) and Reasoning (R). Read the
statements and choose the appropriate option.
Assertion (A): On the basis of origin resources are classified into two categories.
Reason (R): On the basis of exhaustibility it is classified into renewable and non – renewable
resources.
A. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
B. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
C. A is true but R is false.
D. A is false but R is true.
नीि हदए गए र्न मं द कथन अलभकथन (A) और कररण (R) क प मं हदए गए हं। कथन क पहढए और उपयु्त
ववक्प कर ियन कीजिए।
अलभकथन (A): उ्पवि क आिरर पर ससरिन क द ्खणय मं वगीकरत ककयर िरतर ह।
कररण (R) : समर्यतर क आिरर पर इस नवीकरण य ्य और अनवीकरण य ्य ससरिन मं वगीकरत ककयर गयर
ह।
A. A और R द न स्य हं और R, A की सही ्यर्यर करतर ह।
B. A और R द न स्य हं, लककन R, A की सही ्यर्यर नही ह।
C. A स्य ह लककन R अस्य ह ।
D. A अस्य ह लककन R स्य ह ।
Assertion (A): The entire northern plains are made of alluvial soil.
Reason (R): These are formed by deposition of alluvium of three important Himalayan river
systems – the Indus, the Ganga and the Brahmaputra.
69
अलभकथन (A) : सपूणा उिरी मदरन िल ढ मद

र र स बनर ह।
कररण (R) : य तीन मह्वपूणा हहमरलयी नदी रणरललय - लसिु, गगर और िनमपुर क िल ढ क ननिपण स बनत
हं।
Assertion (A): Black soil is ideal for growing cotton and is also known as black cotton soil.
Reason (R): According to their age alluvial soils can be classified as Duars and Terai.
अलभकथन (A): करली मदर र कपरस की खती क ललए उपयु्त समझी िरती ह और इस करली कपरस मदर र क नरम
स भी िरनर िरतर ह।
70
कररण (R) : उनकी आयु क अनुसरर िल ढ मदर र क ्वरर और तररई क प मं वगीकरत ककयर िर सकतर ह।
Assertion (A): Sometimes water flows as a sheet over large areas down a slope. In such cases the
top soil is washed away.
Reason (R): This is known as sheet erosion.
नीि हदए गए र्न मं द कथन अलभकथन (A) और कररण (R) क प मं हदए गए हं। कथन क पहढए और उपय्
ु त
अलभकथन (A) : कभी-कभी ढलरन क नीि बड िर मं परनी एक िरदर क प मं बहतर ह । ऐसी ज्थनत मं इस िर
की उपरी मद
र र घुलकर िल क सरथ बह िरती ह।
कररण (R) : इस िरदर अपरदन कहर िरतर ह।
71
Assertion (A): Ploughing along the contour lines can decelerate the flow of water down the
slopes. This is called contour ploughing.
Reason (R): Steps can be cut out on the slopes making terraces. Terrace cultivation restricts
erosion.
अलभकथन (A) : सम ्ि रखरओ क सरथ िुतरई करन स ढलरन क नीि परनी कर रवरह िीमर ह सकतर ह । इस
सम ्ि िुतरई (Contour Ploughing) कहर िरतर ह।
कररण (R) : ढरल वरली भूलम पर स परन बनरए िर सकत हं। स परन करवष अपरदन क ननयररत करती ह।
Read the source given below and answer the questions by choosing the most
appropriate option:
We live on land, we perform our economic activities on land and we use it in different ways.
Thus, land is a natural resource of utmost importance. It supports natural vegetation, wild life,
human life, economic activities, transport and communication systems. However, land is an asset
of a finite magnitude, therefore, it is important to use the available land for various purposes with
careful planning. India has land under a variety of relief features, namely; mountains, plateaus,
plains and islands. About 43 per cent of the land area is plain, which provides facilities for
agriculture and industry. Mountains account for 30 per cent of the total surface area of the country
and ensure perennial flow of some rivers, provide facilities for tourism and ecological aspects.
About 27 per cent of the area of the country is the plateau region. It possesses rich reserves of
minerals, fossil fuels and forests.
72
ससरिन क वववकपूणा उपय ग क ललए ननय िन एक सवामर्य नीनत ह । इसललए भररत िस
दश मं िहर ससरिन की उपल्ितर मं बहुत अचिक ववववितर ह , यह और भी मह्वपूणा ह । यहर ऐस
रदश भी ह। िहर एक तरह क ससरिन की रिरु तर ह, परतु दस
ू र तरह क ससरिन की कमी ह । कुछ
ऐस रदश भी ह ि ससरिन की उपल्ितर क सदभा मं आ्मननभार ह और कुछ ऐस भी रदश ह िहर
मह्वपण
ू ा ससरिन क अ्यचिक कमी ह । उदरहरणरथा, झररखड, म्य रदश और छिीसगढ आहद ररत
मं खननि और क यल क रिरु भडरर ह। अ णरिल रदश मं िल ससरिन रिरु मररर मं परए िरत हं,
परतु मूल ववकरस की कमी ह। ररि्थरन मं पवन और स र ऊिरा ससरिन की बहुतरयत ह, लककन िल
ससरिन की कमी ह। ल्दरख कर शीत म ्थल दश क अ्य भरग मं अलग-थलग पडतर ह। यह रदश
सर्करनतक ववररसत कर िनी ह परतु यहर िल, आिररभत
ू अवसरिनर तथर कुछ मह्वपण
ू ा खननि की
कमी ह। इसललए रर्रीय, ररतीय, ररदलशक और ्थरनीय ्तर पर सतुललत ससरिन ननय िन की
आव्यकतर ह।
Q. 1. Which state has abundance of wind and solar energy resources?
(A) Andhra Pradesh
(B) Telangana
(C) Assam
(D) Rajasthan
Q. 2. Please match these.
(A) Cold desert (1)Jharkhand
(B) Water Resources (2) Ladakh
(C) Mineral (3) Arunachal Pradesh
(A) 1-2, 2-1, 3-3
(B) 1-1, 2-2, 3-3
(C) 1-3, 2-1, 3-2
(D) 1-2, 2-3, 3-1
Q.3. Where are resources planned for levels?
(A) National level
73
(B) State level
(C) Local level
(D) All of these
Q.4. Which state is not rich in minerals in India?
(A) Madhya Pradesh
(B) Jarkhand
(C) Chhattisgarh
(D) Uttar Pradesh
Q.5. Which of the following has the greatest scarcity of water resources?
(A) Madhya Pradesh
(B) Andhra Pradesh
(C) Jarkhand
(D) Ladakh
र्न 1 क न स रर्य मं पवन और स र ऊिरा ससरिन की रिरु तर ह ?

(अ) आर रदश
(ब) तलगरनर
(स) आसरम
(द) ररि्थरन
र्न 2 सुमललत कीजिए-
(क) शीत म ्थल (1) झररखड
(ख) खननि (2) अ णरिल रदश
(ग) िल (3) ससरिन ल्दरख
(अ) 1-2, 2-1, 3-3
(ब) 1-1, 2-2, 3-3
(स) 1-3, 2-1, 3-2
(द) 1-2, 2-3, 3-1
74
र्न 3 ससरिन कर ननय िन ककन ्तर पर ककयर िरतर ह ?
(अ) रर्रीय ्तर
(ब) रर्तीय ्तर
(स) ्थरनीय ्तर
(द) उपयु्
ा त सभी
र्न 4 भररत मं खननि की रिरु तर ककस रर्य मं नही हं?
(अ) म्य रदश
(ब) झररखड
(स) छिीसगढ
(द) उिर रदश
र्न 5 नन्न मं स कहर िल ससरिन की सबस ्यरदर कमी ह?
(अ) म्य रदश
(ब) आर रदश
(स) झररखड
(द) ल्दरख
Map Based Question:-

A. Soil type develops on crystalline igneous rocks in areas of low rainfall in the eastern and
southern part of the Deccan Plateau.
B. Soil type found on slopes
C. Soil type mainly formed due to flood activities
A. लम्टी कर रकरर ि द्कन क पठरर क पव
ू ी और दषिणी भरग मं कम वषरा वरल िर मं क््टलीय
आ्नय ि्टरन पर ववकलसत ह तर ह।
B. ढलरन पर परई िरन वरली लम्टी कर रकरर
75
C. मु्य प स बरढ गनतववचिय क कररण ननलमात लम्टी कर रकरर
ANSWER KEY
Multiple choice Questions:- Answers
76
1.D
2.A
3.D
4. C
5.A
6.C
7.A
8.B
9.C
10.C
11.B
12.C
13.C
14.B
15C
16.D
17.D
18.A
19.B
20.D
21.C
Answers- Assertion and Reason based Questions:-

1. B. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(Explanation: On the basis of origin resources are classified into biotic and abiotic resources.)
2. A. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
3. C. A is true but R is false.
77
(Explanation: According to their age alluvial soils can be classified as Bangar and Khadar.)
4. A. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
5. B. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
Answers- Source based questions
1.(D)
2.(D)
3.(D)
4.(B)
5.(D)
Answers- Map Based Question:-

A. Red and Yellow Soil
B. Mountain soil
C. Alluvial Soil
=======================================================================
CHAPTER Agriculture
Types of Farming
• There are various types of farming systems in different parts of India are:
→ Primitive Subsistence Farming: It is a ‘slash and burn’ agriculture. It is done with

the help of primitive tools like hoe, dao and digging sticks, and family/community labour.
The farming depends upon monsoon, natural fertility of the soil and suitability of other
environmental conditions to the crops grown.
→ Intensive Subsistence Farming: This type of farming is labour-intensive farming,

where high doses of biochemical inputs and irrigation are used for obtaining higher
production. This method is commonly done where less land holding is available.
→ Commercial Farming: This type of farming is done using higher doses of modern
inputs, e.g. high yielding variety (HYV) seeds, chemical fertilisers, insecticides and pesticides
in order to obtain higher productivity.
• Plantation is also a type of commercial farming.
• India has three cropping seasons
→ Rabi - Rabi crops are sown in winter from October to December and harvested in summer
from April to June. Important rabi crops are wheat, barley, peas, gram and mustard.
78
→ Kharif - Kharif crops are grown with the onset of monsoon in different parts of the country
and these are harvested in September-October. Important crops grown during this season are
paddy, maize, jowar, bajra, tur (arhar), moong, urad, cotton, jute, groundnut and soyabean.
→ Zaid - In between the rabi and the kharif seasons, there is a short season during the
summer months known as the Zaid season. Important crops grown are watermelon,
muskmelon, cucumber,
vegetables and fodder crops.
Major Crops
• Rice:
→ It is a kharif crop which requires high temperature, (above 25°C) and high humidity with
annual rainfall above 100 cm.
→ It is grown in the plains of north and north-eastern India, coastal areas and the deltaic
regions.
• Wheat:
→ This rabi crop requires a cool growing season with 50 to 75 cm of annual rainfall and a
bright sunshine at the time of ripening.
→ Wheat growing regions are the Ganga-Satluj plains in the north- west and black soil region
of the Deccan.
• Millets:
→ Jowar, bajra and ragi are the important millets grown in India.
→ These have very high nutritional value.
• Pulses:
→ India is the largest producer as well as the consumer of pulses in the world..
→ Major producing states in India are Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan,
Maharashtra and Karnataka.
Food Crops other than Grains

• Sugarcane:
→ It is a tropical as well as a subtropical crop.
79
→ It grows well in hot and humid climate with a temperature of 21°C to 27°C and an annual
rainfall between 75 cm. and 100 cm.
→ Major producing states are Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Andhra
Pradesh, Bihar, Punjab and Haryana..
• Tea:
→ Tea cultivation is an example of plantation agriculture.
→ It is an important beverage crop introduced in India initially by the British.
→ It requires warm and moist frost-free climate with frequent showers all through the year.
→ Major producing states are Assam, hills of Darjeeling and Jalpaiguri districts, West Bengal,
Tamil Nadu and Kerala.
• Coffee:
→ Indian coffee is known in the world for its good quality.
→ Its cultivation is confined to the Nilgiri in Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu.
Non-Food Crops
• Rubber: .
→ It requires moist and humid climate with rainfall of more than 200 cm. and temperature
above 25°C.
→ It is mainly grown in Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka and Andaman and Nicobar islands and
Garo hills of Meghalaya.
• Fibre Crops:
• Cotton:
→ It is a kharif crop grows well in drier parts of the black cotton soil of the Deccan plateau.
→ It requires high temperature, light rainfall or irrigation, 210 frost-free days and bright sun-
shine for its growth.
→ Major producing states are – Maharashtra, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Karnataka, Andhra
Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Punjab, Haryana and Uttar Pradesh.
• Jute:
80
→ It grows well on well-drained fertile soils in the flood plains where soils are renewed every
year.
→ Major jute-producing states West Bengal, Bihar, Assam, Odisha and Meghalaya..
Technological and Institutional Reforms.

• In 1960s and 1970s, technical reforms such as Green Revolution and White Revolution also
introduced to improved the condition of agriculture.
• In 1980s and 1990s, various provisions for crop insurance, establishment of Grameen banks,
cooperative societies and banks for providing loan facilities to the farmers at lower rates of
interest.
• Kissan Credit Card (KCC), Personal Accident Insurance Scheme (PAIS) are some other
schemes introduced by the Government of India for the benefit of the farmers.
• Special weather bulletins and agricultural programmes for farmers were introduced on
the radio and television.
• Minimum support price, remunerative and procurement prices for important crops to check
the exploitation of farmers by speculators and middlemen.
Food Security
• The government designed national food security system to ensure the food security to
every citizen:
→ It consists of two components
(a) buffer stock and
(b) public distribution system (PDS)
• Food Corporation of India (FCI) is responsible for procuring and stocking foodgrains,
whereas
distribution is ensured by public distribution system (PDS).
• PDS is a programme which provides food grains and other essential commodities at
subsidised prices in rural and urban areas.
Impact of Globalisation on Agriculture :---

• After 1990, the farmers in India have been exposed to new challenges under globalisation.
81
→ The agricultural products of India are not able to compete with the developed countries
because of the highly subsidised agriculture in those countries.
• Genetic engineering is revolutionising the agricultural production now a days.
• Organic farming is also in fashion these days because it is practised without factory made
chemicals such as fertilisers and pesticides. Hence, it does not affect environment in a
negative manner.
कृवष
पाठसाराश-
भररत करवष की ृज्ट स •मह्वपूणा दश ह ्य कक इसकी द नतहरई आबरदी करवष गनतववचिय मं लगी -
हुई ह।
खती क रकरर
--:भररत क ववलभ्न भरग मं ववलभ्न रकरर की करवष रणरललयर हं •

→आहदम तनवागि ििी :यह एक '्लश एड बना' करवष ह। यह कुदरल, दरव और खद
ु रई की छडं, और
पररवररण की मदद स ककयर िरतर ह। खती मरनसूनसरमुदरनयक ्म िस आहदम उपकर/, लम्टी की
ररकरनतक उवारतर और उगरई गई फसल क ललए अ्य पयरावरणीय पररज्थनतय की उपयु्ततर पर
ननभार करती ह।
→गिन तनवागि ििी: इस रकरर की खती ्म रिरन खती ह, िहर उ्ि उ्परदन रर्त करन क
ललए िव ररसरयननक आदरन और लसिरई की उ्ि खरु रक कर उपय ग ककयर िरतर ह। यह ववचि
आमत र पर वहर की िरती ह िहर कम भूलम उपल्ि ह ती ह।

→ वाखणजययक ििी: इस रकरर की खती आिनु नक आदरन की उ्ि मररर कर उपय ग करक की
िरती ह, उ्ि उ्परदकतर रर्त करन क ललए उ्ि उपि दन वरली कक्म (HYV) क बीि, ररसरयननक
उवारक , कीटनरशक दवरओ कर रय ग करत हं ।

वि
र रर पण भी एक रकरर की ्यरवसरनयक खती ह। •
82
िारि मं फसि क िीन म सम ि ि िं •
1-रबी की फसल अ्टूबर स हदसबर तक सहदा य मं ब ई िरती ह और गलमाय मं अरल स िून तक
करटी िरती ह। रबी की मह्वपूणा फसलं हं गहू, ि , मटर, िनर और सरस
→िरीफ - दश क ववलभ्न भरग मं मरनसून की शु आत क सरथ खरीफ की फसलं उगरई िरती हं
और इनकी कटरई लसतबरअ्टूबर मं की िरती ह। इस म सम क द ररन उगरई िरन वरली मह्वपूणा -
िरन फसलं, म्कर, ्वरर, बरिरर, अरहर, मूग, उडद, कपरस, िूट, मूगफली और स यरबीन हं।
→ जायद - रबी और खरीफ क म सम क बीि, गलमाय क महीन क द ररन एक छ टर म सम ह तर ह
जिस िरयद क म सम क प मं िरनर िरतर ह। उगरई िरन वरली मह्वपूणा फसलं हं तरबूि, खरबूिर,
खीरर,
सज्ियर और िररर फसलं ।

रमि
ु फसिं
•चावि:
→यह एक खरीफ फसल ह जिसक ललए उ्ि तरपमरन, (और उ्ि आिा तर (्डरी सज्सयस स ऊपर 52
की आव्यकतर ह ती ह, जिसमं वरवषाक वषरा समी स अचिक ह ती ह 411
यह उिर और उिरपूवी भररत क मदरनी इलरक -, तटीय िर और ड्टर िर मं उगरयर िरतर ह।
•गिू:
→इस रबी की फसल क ललए ठड म सम की आव्यकतर ह ती ह, जिसमं वरवषाक वषरा समी 52स 21
ह ती ह और पकनक समय ति िप
ू ह ती ह।
→गहू उगरन वरल िर उिर-पज्िम मं गगर-सतलुि क मदरन और द्कन क करली लम्टी िर हं
•बाजरा:
→्वरर, बरिरर और ररगी भररत मं उगरए िरन वरल रमुख बरिरर हं।
→इनकर प षण मू्य बहुत अचिक ह तर ह।
•दाि:
→भररत वव्व मं दरल कर सबस बडर उ्परदक ह न क सरथ-सरथ उपभ ्तर भी ह।
→भररत मं रमुख उ्परदक रर्य म्य रदश, उिर रदश, ररि्थरन, महररर्र और कनराटक हं।
अनाज क अिावा अ्य िा्य फसिं
:ग्ना •
83
→यह उ्ण कहटबिीय तथर उप ्णकहटबिीय फसल ह।
→यह 54 ्डरी सज्सयस स 55 ्डरी सज्सयस क तरपमरन और 52 समी क बीि वरवषाक वषरा क
सरथ गमा और आिा िलवरयु मं अ्छी तरह स बढतर ह। और 411 समी.
→रमुख उ्परदक रर्य उिर रदश, महररर्र, कनराटक, तलमलनरडु, आर रदश, रबहरर, पिरब और हररयरणर
हं
:चाय •
→िरय की खती वि
र रर पण करवष कर एक उदरहरण ह।
→यह भररत मं शु मं अरि ्वररर शु की गई एक मह्वपूणा पय फसल ह।
→इस पूर वषा लगरतरर वषरा क सरथ गमा और नम ठढ मु्त िलवरयु की आव्यकतर ह ती ह।
→रमुख उ्परदक रर्य असम, दरजिाललग की पहर्डयर और िलपरईगुडी जिल, पज्िम बगरल, तलमलनरडु
और करल हं
:कफॉी •
→भररतीय कॉफी दनु नयर मं अपनी अ्छी गुणविर क ललए िरनी िरती ह।
→इसकी खती कनराटक, करल और तलमलनरडु मं नीलचगरी तक ही सीलमत ह।

गरिा्य फसिं- :--
रब़ :- → इसक ललए 200 समी स अचिक वषरा क सरथ नम और आिा िलवरयु की आव्यकतर ह ती
ह। और तरपमरन 25 ्डरी सज्सयस स ऊपर।
→यह मु्य प स करल, तलमलनरडु, कनराटक और अडमरन और ननक बरर ्वीप समूह और मघरलय
की गरर पहर्डय मं उगरयर िरतर ह।

•रश वािी फसिं :--
•कपास:
→यह एक खरीफ फसल ह ि द्कन क पठरर की करली कपरस की लम्टी क सूख भरग मं अ्छी
तरह स उगरई िरती ह।
→इसकी व्
र चि क ललए उ्ि तरपमरन, ह्की वषरा यर लसिरई, ठढ मु्त हदन और ति िप
ू की -
आव्यकतर ह ती ह।
→रमुख उ्परदक रर्य हं -महररर्र, गुिररत, म्य रदश, कनराटक, आर रदश, तलमलनरडु, पिरब,
हररयरणर और उिर रदश।
84
:जूट •
→यह बरढ क मदरन मं अ्छी तरह स सूखर उपिरऊ लम्टी पर अ्छी तरह स बढतर ह िहर हर
सरल लम्टी कर नवीनीकरण ककयर िरतर ह।
→रमुख िूट उ्परदक रर्य पज्िम बगरल, रबहरर, असम, ओ्डशर और मघरलय।
िकनीकी और स्थागि सध
ु ार :--
4991 •और क दशक मं 4951, हररत ्रनत और ्वत ्रनत िस तकनीकी सुिरर न भी करवष की
ज्थनत मं सुिरर क ललए शु आत की।
4991 •और क दशक मं ककसरन क कम ्यरि दर पर ंण सुवविर 4991रदरन करन क ललए फसल
बीमर, ररमीण बंक , सहकररी सलमनतय और बंक की ्थरपनर क ललए ववलभ्न ररविरन।
(कसीसी(ककसरन ््डट करडा •, ्यज्तगत दघ

ु ट
ा नर बीमर य िनर ककसरन क लरभ क ललए भररत (पस(
सरकरर ्वररर शु की गई कुछ अ्य य िनरओ रह हं।
•ककसरन क ललए ववशष म सम बुलहटन और करवष करया्म शु ककए गए
र्डय और टलीवविन।
ललय ्वररर ककसरन क श षण क र कन क ललए मह्वपूणा फसल क ललए स्टबरि और रबि •
्यूनतम समथान मू्य, लरभकररी और खरीद मू्य।
िा्य सुरषा :--

→इसमं द घटक ह त हं
बफर ्टॉक और (ए(
(पीडीएस(सरवािननक ववतरण रणरली (बी(

( भररतीय खर्य ननगम •FCI) खर्यर्न की खरीद और भडररण क ललए जि्मदरर ह, िबकक
सरवािननक ववतरण रणरली ्वररर ववतरण सुननज्ित ककयर िरतर ह। (पीडीएस(

कृवष पर व्वीकरण का रिाव :--
4991 •क बरद, भररत मं ककसरन क व्वीकरण क तहत नई िन
ु नतय कर सरमनर करनर पडर ह।
→उन दश मं अ्यचिक सज्सडी वरली करवष क कररण भररत क करवष उ्परद ववकलसत दश क सरथ
रनत्पिरा करन मं सिम नही हं।

िनहटक इिीननयररग आिकल करवष उ्परदन मं ्रनत लर • रही ह।
85
िववक खती भी इन हदन फशन मं ह ्य कक यह रबनर कररखरन मं बन रसरयन िस उवारक और •
कीटनरशक क रबनर की िरती ह। इसललए, यह पयरावरण क नकररर्मक तरीक स रभरववत नही करतर
ह।
“ AGRICULTURE”-QUESTION BANK
Q.1- Which of the following crops are grown with the onset of monsoons and are harvested in
the month of September and October?
(a) Rabi (b) Kharif (c) Zadi (d) None of the above
Q.2- Which one of the following is a rabi crop ?
(a) Rice (b) Wheat (c) Millets (d) Cotton
.Q. 3-“Slash and burn” agriculture is a .--------
(a) shifting agriculture (b) intensive agriculture (c) commercial agriculture (d) none of these
Q.4- Which one of the following describes a system of agriculture, where a single crop is
grown on a large area?
(a) Shifting agriculture (b) Plantation agriculture (c) Horticulture (d) Intensive agriculture
Q.5- Which one of the following is the example of plantation agriculture ?
(A) Jute (B) Wheat (C) Tea (D) Oil seeds
Q. 6- In which of the following countries the “slash and burn” agriculture is known as “Roca‟?
(a) Brazil (b) Mexico (c) Central Africa (d) Vietnam
Q.7- Hoe, dao, digging sticks are associated with ------.
(a) Primitive subsistence farming (b) Commercial farming (c) Green Revolution (d)
Horticulture.
86
Q. 8- Which among the following crops is India the largest producer in the world ?
(a) pulses (b) Fruits and vegetables (c) Coffee (d) Maize
Q. 9-The Bhoodan-Gramdaan movement was initiated by.-------
(a) Vinoba Bhave (b) Mahatma Gandhi (c) Pandit Nehru (d) R. C. Reddy
Q.10- Which one of the following prices is announced by the government in support of a crop?
(a) Moderate support price (b) Maximum support price (c) Influential support price (d)
Minimum support price
Q.11- Which one of the following crops grows well in the Black soil ?
(a) Jute (b) Rice (c) Cotton (d) Wheat
Q.12- Which are the two main beverage crops produced in India ?
(a) Sugar cane and oilseeds (b) Tea and coffee (c) Jowar and bajra (d) Rice and wheat
Q.13- The rearing of silk worms for the production of silk fiber is known as. ---------
(a) Sericulture (b) Horticulture (c) Floriculture (d) Agriculture
Q.14- Cultivation of fruits and Vegetables is called ----.
(A) Floriculture (B) Sericulture (C) Horticulture
(D) Agriculture
Q.15- Which of the following crops is the example of zaid season ?
(a) Wheat (b) Rice (c) Watermelon (d) Sugar-cane
Q.16- Arabica variety of coffee was initially brought to India from which of the following
countries?
(a) Yemen (b) Vietnam (c) Japan (d) Korea.
Q. 17- Identify from the following the crop which takes almost a year to grow ?
(a) Wheat (b) Sugarcane (c) Cotton (d) Rice
Q.18- ‘ICAR’ refers to which one of the following ------.
87
(a) Indian Community of Agricultural Research (b) Indian Council of Aviation Research
(c) Indian Council of Agricultural Research (d) Indian Council of Animal Rearing
Q.19- Identify a crop which is a commercial crop in Haryana but a subsistence crop in Orissa--
-------.
(a) Rice (b) Jute (c) Sugarcane (d) Rubber
Q.20- Which one of the following fiber crops is also known as golden fiber?
(a) Cotton (b) Jute (c) Hemp (d) Natural silk
Q.21- Which of the following seasons is suitable for growing water melons and musk melons ?
(a) Rabi (b) Zaid (c) Kharif (d) Autumn
Q.22- What is common about Milpa and Dipa ?
(a) Both are related with primitive farming. (b) Both are related with intensive farming.
(c) Both are related with plantation farming. (d) Both are related with settled farming
Q.23- Which one of the following reforms was not a part of ‘First Five Year Plan’?
(a) Abolition of zamindari system (b) Minimum support price (c) Consolidation of land
holdings (d) Ownership of the land to the farmers
Q.24- Which of the following crops are millets ?
(a) Jowar and bajra (b) Oilseeds and pulses (c) Rice and wheat (d) Maize and grams
Q.25-The “slash and burn agriculture” practised in North-East India is also called ------------I
(a) Jhumming (b) Milpa (c) Ladang (d) Roca
ANSWER KEY FOR MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS-
Q.No. ANSWER Q.No. ANSWER
1 B 14 C
2 B 15 C
88
3 A 16 A
4 B 17 B
5 C 18 C
6 A 19 A
7 A 20 B
8 A 21 B
9 A 22 A
10 D 23 B
11 C 24 A
12 B 25 A
13 A
अ्ययन सरमरी
अ्यरय वरर’ बहुववक्पीय’ र्न, उिर क सरथ
कृवष " "
र्न.1- नन्नललखखत मं स क न सी फसल मरनसन
ू की शु आत क सरथ उगरई िरती ह और लसतबर
और अ्टूबर क महीन मं करटर िरतर ह ?
(अ(द(िरयद (स(खरीफ (ब(रबी ( उपर ्त मं स क ई नही
र्न.2- नन्नललखखत मं स क न रबी की फसल ह ?
(अकपरस (द(बरिरर (स(गहू (ब(िरवल (
र्न.3-करवष एक ह "्लश एड बना" ------I

(अगहन करवष (ब(्थरनरतररत करवष (
इनमं स क ई नही (द(वरखणज्यक करवष (स(
89
र्न.4-नन्नललखखत मं स क नसी करवष की एक रणरली कर वणान करतर ह, िहर एक बड िर मं उगरई
गयी एक फसल ह ती ह ?
(अवि
र रर पण करवष (ब(्थरनरतररत करवष (
गहन करवष (द(बरगवरनी (स(
र्न.5- नन्नललखखत मं स क न सर एक वि
र रर पण करवष कर उदरहरण ह-?
(अनतलहन (द(िरय (स(गहू (ब(िूट (
र्न करवष क "्लश एड बना"नन्नललखखत मं स ककस दश मं -6. "र कर" क प मं िरनर िरतर ह------
(अववयतनरम (द(म्य अ्ीकर (स(मज्सक (ब(िरिील (
र्न.7- कुदरल, दरव, खद

ु रई करन वरली छडं ककसक सरथ िुडी हुई हंI --------
(अवरखणज्यक खती (ब(आहदम ननवराह खती ((स( हररत ्रनत (द( बरगवरनी
र्न.8- नन्नललखखत मं स क न सी फसल कर भररत दनु नयर मं सबस बडर उ्परदक ह ?
(अम्कर (द(कॉफी (स(फल और सज्ियर (ब(दरलं (
र्न.9- भूदरन? ररमदरन आद लन ककसक ्वररर शु ककयर गयर थर-
(अर्डी.सी.आर (द(प्डत नह (स(महर्मर गरिी (ब(ववन बर भरव (
र्न.10- नन्नललखखत मं स ककस कीमत की घ षणर सरकरर ्वररर ककसरन क समथान मं की
िरती ह ?
( अअचिकतम समथान मू्य (ब(म समथान मू्य म्य (
्यूनतम समथान मू्य (द(रभरवशरली समथान मू्य (स(
र्न.11- नन्नललखखत मं स क न सी फसल करली लम्टी मं अ्छी तरह उगती ह ?
(अगहू (द(कपरस (स(िरवल (ब(िूट (
र्न.12-भररत मं उ्परहदत द रमुख पय फसलं क न सी हं-?
(अिरय और कॉफी (ब(ग्नर और नतलहन (

िरवल और गहू (द(्वरर और बरिरर (स(
र्न.13- रशम क रश क उ्परदन क ललए रशम क कीड क परलन क प मं िरनर िरतर ह:
90
(अकरवष (द(फूल की खती (स(बरगवरनी (ब(रशम उ्परदन (
र्न.14- फल और सज्िय की खती कहलरती ह :
(अ (स(रशम उ्परदन (ब(फूल की खती (बरगवरनी करवष (द(
र्न.15- नन्नललखखत मं स क न सी फसल िरयद ंतु कर उदरहरण ह ?
(अग्नर (द(तरबूि (स(िरवल (ब(गहू (
र्न.16- अररबकर कक्म की कॉफी शु मं नन्नललखखत मं स ककस दश स भररत लरई गई थी ?
(अक ररयर (द(िरपरन (स(ववयतनरम (ब(यमन (

र्न.17- नन्नललखखत मं स उस फसल की पहिरन कीजिए जिस ववकलसत ह न मं लगभग एक
वषा लगतर ह ?
(अिरवल (द(कपरस (स(ग्नर (ब(गहू (
र्न.18- 'आईआर.ए.सी.' नन्नललखखत मं स ककस एक क सदलभात करतर ह?
(अकरवष अनुसिरन क भररतीय समुदरय ( (ब( भररतीय अनुसिरन एववएशन ररसिा
भररतीय करवष अनुसिरन पररषद (स( (द( भररतीय पशु परलन पररषद
र्न.19-उस फसल की पहिरन करं ि हररयरणर मं एक ्यरवसरनयक फसल ह लककन उ्डसर
मं एक ननवराह फसल ह?
(अरबड (द(ग्नर (स(िूट (ब(िरवल (
र्न.20- नन्नललखखत मं स ककस रश वरली फसल क सुनहरर रशर क नरम स भी िरनर
िरतर ह?
(अररकरनतक रशम (द(भरग (स(िूट (ब(कपरस (
र्न.21- नन्न मं स क न सर म सम ्त हतरबूि और खरबूि उगरन क ललए उपयु, ?
(अिरयद (ब(रबी ( शरद ंतु (द(खरीफ (स(
र्न.22- लम्पर और दीपर मं ्यर समरनतर ह ?
(अद न आहदम खती स सबचित हं। ( (ब( द न गहन खती स सबचित हं।
द न (स( वि
र रर पण खती स सबचित हं। (द( द न बस हुए खती स सबचित हं
र्न.23- नन्नललखखत मं स क न सर सुिरर 'रथम पिवषीय य िनर' कर हह्सर नही थर ?
(अिमीदररी ्यव्थर कर उ्मूलन ( (ब( ्यूनतम समथान मू्य
91
भूलम ि त कर समकन (स( (द( ककसरन क भूलम कर ्वरलम्व।
र्न.24-नन्नललखखत मं स क न सी फसल म टर अनरि ह ?
(अनतलहन और दरलं (ब(्वरर और बरिरर (
म्कर और िनर (द(िरवल और गहू (स(
र्न.25- उिर?------:क भी कहर िरतर ह "्लश एड बना करवष"पूवी भररत मं रिललत -
( अर कर (द(लडरग (स(लम्पर (ब(झूलमग (
बहुववक्पीय र्न की उिर कुिी
र्न स्यर उिर र्न स्यर उिर
1 14
2 15
3 16
4 17
5 18
6 19
7 20
8 21
9 22
92
10 23
11 24
12 25
13
POLITICAL SCIENCE
Chapter-1 POWER SHARING

Ethnic: - A social division based on shared culture.
Majoritarianism: - A belief that the majority community should be able to rule a country.
Civil War: - A Violent conflict between opposing groups within a country that becomes so intense
that it appears like a war.
CASE STUDIES OF BELGIUM AND SRI LANKA

Ethnic composition of BELGIUM
BELGIUM 1% BRUSSELS
FLEMISH REGION SPEAKS DUTCH LANGUAGE 59%
WALLONIA REAGION SPEAK FRENCH 40% Dutch
GERMAN SPEAKERS 1% 20%
40% French
80%
59%
1. Belgium is a small country in Europe which has a population of a little over one crore.
2. The ethnic composition of this small country is very complex
3. In Belgium, people speak mainly three languages –Dutch (59 %) lives in the Flemish region,
French (40%) lives in the Wallonia region and German (1%)
. )n Brussels Belgium s capital) - 80% French, 20% Dutch
5. The minority French –speaking community was relatively rich and powerful.
93
-speaking community angry who got benefit of economic development and
education much later
6. During the 1950s and 1960s, tensions between the Dutch speaking and French-speaking
communities created due to these differences.
7. Brussels presented a special problem: the Dutch-speaking people constituted a majority in the
country, but a minority in the capital.
Ethnic composition of Sri Lanka-
Sinhala speakers
8% 13%
Indian Tamils
5%
Others
Sri Lankan Tamils 74%
1. Sri Lanka is an island nation, it has two crore population about the same as in Haryana
2. Sri Lanka has a diverse population the major social groups are the Sinhala—speakers (74%) and
the Tamil—speakers (18%).
3. Among Tamils there are two sub groups,
13%)—Tamil natives of the country
5%)—came from India during colonial period as plantation workers
4. Most of the Sinhala—speaking people are Buddhists, while most of the Tamils are Hindu or
Muslims
5. There are about 8% Christians, who are both Tamil and Sinhala.
6. The Sinhala community enjoyed an even bigger majority and could impose its will on the entire
country.
MAJORITARIANISM IN SRI LANKA
1. Sri Lanka emerged as an independent country in 1948

2. The democratically elected government adopted a series of measures to establish Sinhala
supremacy:
a. In 1956, an Act was passed to make Sinhala the official language
b. The government followed preferential policies favouring Sinhala applicants for university
positions and government jobs.
c. The Constitution provided for State protection and fostering of Buddhism
3. These decisions gradually increased the feeling of alienation among the Sri Lankan Tamils
4. The Sri Lankan Tamils felt that none of the major political parties led by the Buddhist Sinhala
leaders were sensitive to their language and culture
5. Sri Lankan Tamils felt that constitution and government policies denied them equal political
rights, discriminated against them in getting jobs and other opportunities and ignored their
interests.
6. Sri Lankan Tamils launched parties and struggles for the recognition of Tamil as an official
language, for regional autonomy and equality of opportunity in securing education and jobs.
7. By 1980s several political organisations were formed demanding an independent Tamil Eelam
(state) in northern and eastern parts of Sri Lanka
94
8. But their demand was repeatedly denied by the government. The distrust between the two
communities turned into widespread conflict and turned into a CIVIL WAR.
ACCOMMODATION IN BELGIUM: -
1. The power-sharing arrangements made by the Belgian leaders were different and more
innovative than any other country.
2. To recognize the existence of regional differences and cultural diversities, they amended their
Constitution four times between 1970 and 1993.
3. The elements of the Belgian model:

(i)Constitution prescribed and the number of ministers (Dutch & French spoken) shall be equal in
central Govt. No single community can take decisions unilaterally
(ii)Many powers of central Govt. have been transferred to State Government of the two regions of
the country.
State Governments are not subordinate to the central government.
(iii)A separate government in Brussels also made with equal representation of both communities.
The French speaking people accepted equal representation in Brussels because the Dutch—
speaking community has accepted equal representation in the central government.
iv There is also provision of community government elected by people belonging to one
language community—Dutch, French and German –speaking – no matter where they live.
This government has the power regarding cultural, educational and language –related issues
(v)Many countries of Europe came together to form the European Union, Brussels (capital of
Belgium) was chosen as its headquarters.
Why power sharing is desirable?

1. Prudential reasons
(i)To reduce the possibilities of conflict between social groups.
(ii)To ensure the stability of political order or government.
(iii)To protect from the Tyranny of majority. 2.
Moral reasons
(i)It is the very spirit of Democracy.
(ii)A legitimate government is one where citizens, through participation, acquire a stake in the
system
Conflict related to power-sharing disputes were resolved by power sharing: Lebanon
People from various communities lived in Lebanon s capital city, Beirut, and fought a bitter Civil
War amongst themselves. As a result, thousands of people of various communities were either
killed or lost their livelihood. At the end of this Civil War, Lebanon s leaders came together and
agreed to some basic rules for power-sharing among different communities. As per these rules it
was agreed that:
•The President would be from Maronite sect of Catholic Christians;
•The Prime Minister must be from the Sunni Muslim community;
•Deputy Prime Minister would be from an Orthodox Christian sect;
•Speaker—a Shia Muslim.
As per the pact, the Christians agreed not to seek French protection and Muslims agreed not to
seek unification with the neighbouring state of Syria.
95
FORMS OF POWER SHARING
In modern democracies, power sharing arrangement can take many forms.
1. Horizontal distribution of power: Among the different Organs of government- Legislature,
Executive and Judiciary.
Horizontal distribution
Legislature Executive Judiciary

Check and Balance System: -
In democracy, Ministers and Government officials exercise the powers, they are responsible to
the parliament and State Assemblies. Although Judges are appointed by the executive, they can
check the functioning of executive or laws made by the legislatures. This arrangement is called
check and balance system.
2. Vertical division of power/ Federal division of power: Among the different Levels of
government- Central, State and Local.
Vertical division of power

Central
State
Local
A general government for the entire country (Federal government) and government at the
provincial or regional level (state government)
This is what they did in Belgium, but was refused Sri Lanka
3. Among the different Social Groups- Religious, Linguistic. Example: community government in
Belgium ,
In some countries there are constitutional and legal arrangement where by socially weaker section
and woman are represented in legislature and administration. example: reserved constituencies in
assemblies/ parliament of our country.
4.Power sharing arrangements can also be seen in the way the Political Parties,
Pressure Groups and Movements groups control or influence those in power.
===========================================================================
् ा -1 ता ी ा ा
् ्ण ब ्
ा :- ा ा ् ब ार ा ाब ब ा ।
ु ् ा :- ब वा क ु ् ा ा ं ष ा ाब ।
ध:- क ब ं ह ्ण ा र ा ा क ध ा
र ा ।
96
बज रल ा ा ल ा ्
बज ी ा ा
बज र ज
(59%) ्लब षर
20%
रं (40%) ाल ब ा षर 1%
ण (1%)
रं
40%
80%
59%
1. बज ा ा ा ब ी ा ़ ब ।
2. ी ा ा ु र ल
3. बज ,ं ल ् ा्ा ल -ं (59%) ्लब षर ं ा , रं (40%) ाल ब ा
षर ं ा ण (1%)
4. र ज ( बज ी ा ा ) ं - 80% रं , 20%
5. ज ् रा ा् ा षा ध बि ाल ा।
ा् ा ा ा़ क ाब ् ण ब ा ब षा ा ला ु ा ं ब ला
6.1950 1960 ा , ं ा ् ा् रं ा् ा ं ा ा
ु ।
7. र ज ब ् ् ा र् ी: ा् ल ं ं ु ा क ा, लक ा ा ं
ज ् ।
रल ा ी ा ा
रल ा
ब ल (13%)
13% ्
8%
ा ब ल
(5%)
5%
ह ल - ा् (74%)
74%
1.र ल ा व ार , ी ् ाल ़ , र ा्ा ा
2.र ल ा ी ा ब ब ।र ा ाब ह ल - ा् (74%) ब ल- ा् (18%) ।ं
97
3. ब लं ं ,ं
रल ा ब ल (13%) ब ल लब ा 
ा ब ल (5%)- ब ब ाल ा ा ा रब ं ं ा
4. ब ा ह ल - ा् ल ध ,ं क ब ा ब लह ा ब्ल ं
5. ल 8% ा ,ं ब ल ह ल ं ।ं
6. ह ल ा ब ु रात ा ् ा ा ा।
रल ा ं ु ् ा
1.र ल ा 1948 ं ् र ं ा
2.ल ाबर ा ह ल ण् ् ाब बल ा ा :
-1956 ं ह ल ा ा्ा ा बल ब ब ार क ा ा ा
- ा ब वब याल ं ा र ं बल ह ल ं ष ं ब ं ा
ाल क ा।
- ा् ष् ध ण ढा ा बल ब ा र ा क ा ा
3. लं - र ल ा ब लं ं ल ा ी ा ा ढा क ा
4. र ल ा ब लं क ाक धह ल ां ् ं र ा ब ल ी ा्ा
् ब रब ल ं ा।
5.र ल ा ब लं क ाक ब ा ा ी ब ं ् ं ा ा ब ब ा ं
ब क ा, ् रात ं ा ा क ा ब ं ी ी।
6. र ल ा ब लं ब ल ब ार ा्ा ं ा् ा , षर ् ा त ा ब षा
ाब ल ी ा ा बल ा् ण ं ्ं ी ी।
7.1980 रल ा त ीब ् ं ं ् र ब ल ल ( ा् ) ी ा ु
ा ब ं ा क ा ा ा।
8.लक ा वा ा ी ा ा - ा ा ा ा। ा ं ब वा या ्ण ं ल
ा ध ं ल ा।
बज ं ा :-
बज ां वा ा ी ता- ा ा ्य ् ाक ् ी ल ा ं ल ब
।
षर ब न ां ा् ब ब ब ां ब् ् ा बल ् ं 1970 1993 ा
ा ब ा ं क ा।
बज ल ् :
ब ा ब ाणरबर ं ी ् ा ( रं ल ा ाल ) ं र ा ं ा ।
ा ा ब ्ण ंल ा
ंर ा ी बि ा। षरं ी ा् ा ् ा ा र क ा ा ।
ा् ा ं ंर ा ं ।ं
98
र ज ं ल ा ा ब ं ं ा ं ा ा रब ब ब ् ा।
रा ा् ल ं र ज ं ा रब ब ब ् ् ा क ा ् ंक ा् ा ंर ा ं ा
रब ब ब ् ् ा बल ा ।
ा्ा ा ल ं वा ा ' ा ाब ा ' ा रा ा - , रं ण - ा् -
ा ं ं।
ा ा ा् ब , बष ा्ा दं ं बि
ं ब ल ा ा, र ज ( बज ी ा ा ) ा ् ाल ा ा।
ता ी ा ा ा ् ं ?
ब ्ण ा ्
ा ाब ं ्ण ी ा ां ा।
ा ब य ् ा ा ा ी ब् ा ब बि बल ।
ु ् ा ा ा बल ।
ब ा ्
ल र ी ् ा ।
ा ा ा र ा ा ा् य ् ा ंब ् ा ाब ल ं
ता ा ़ब ा ं ता ा ल ा ा ा: ल ा
ल ा ी ा ा ंब ब न ा ं ल ् ं ं ध ल़ा ा।
र ्ा ् ,ब ब न ा ं ा ंल ा ा ा ब ा । ध ं,
ल ा ा ा ब ब न ा ं ता ा बल ब ा ब ं
ु । ब ं ा ब ु क :
ार ब बल ा ं ा र ा ं ;
र ा र न ब्ल ा ा ाब ;
र ा र कढ ा ा र ा ं ;
् ष ब ा ल ा ।
ा , ा रा षा ंल बल ु ल ा ़ ा् र ा ा
ी ् ी ा ं ु ।
ता ा :-
ब ल रं ,ं ता ा ीय ् ा ल ।
ता ा षब ब ्: ा ब ब न ं -ब ाब ा, ा ण ाबल ा ् ा ाबल ा।
ता ा षब ब ्
ब ाब ा ा ण ाबल ा ् ा ाबल ा
99
लं ब ् :-
ल र ं, र ा ब ा बि ं ा र ,ं ा् ब ा ां बल
ब ् ा ।ं यब ् ा ा ं ा ण ाबल ा वा ा ब िक ा ा ा , ा ण ाबल ा ा ा ा
ब ाब ां वा ा ा ा ं ी ा ।ं य ् ा लं ब ् ा ा ा ।
ता ा ल ब ा / ता ा ब ा : ा ब ब न् ं - ं र , ा् ् ा ।
ता ा ल ब ा
ंर
ा्
् ा
बल ा ा् ा ( ा ) रा ा षर ् ा ( ा् ा )
बज ं ् ं क ा, लक रल ा ा क ा ा।
ब ब न ा ाब ं ं- ा् ण , ा्ा । ा ्: ' बज ं ा ाब ा ',
ं ं ाब ा य ् ा ा ा ाब ण ब लां ा ब ाब ा
र ा ं रब ब ब ् क ा ा ा । ा ्: ' ा ीब ा ां/ ं बष ब ाण षर।
ता ा ीय ् ा ा ब लं, ा ं ल ं वा ा ता ं ल ं
ब बर ा र ाब ा ा ा ।
Assertion and reason based questions.

Direction: Mark the option which is not suitable:
(a) If both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
(b). If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
(c) . If assertion is true but reason is false.
(d). If both assertion and reason are false.
1. Assertion: Tyranny of majority is highly desirable.
Reason: It helps in making the political order more stable.
Ans: (d). Both assertion and reason are false.
Explanation- Tyranny of majority community is oppressive for the minority community and can
also ruin the majority. It is a source of dissatisfaction and tension which is a source of political
instability.
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2. Assertion: In Belgium, the leaders realized that the unity of country is possible by respecting the
feelings and interest of different countries.
Reason: Belgium favoured Dutch speaking community.
Ans : (d). Both assertion and reason are false.
Explanation- Belgians adapted a power sharing arrangement in which all the communities have
equal representation. This helped in relieving tension between the different communities. Thus
they did not favour any particular community. Both the assertion and reason are false.
3. Assertion: French speaking community in Belgium was rich and powerful.

Reason: Belgian government French speaking community.
Ans: (c). Assertion is true but reason is false.

Explanation- There was ethnic tension between French speaking and Dutch speaking
communities in Belgium. For resolving, the government adopted a power sharing arrangement
where all the communities got equal representation.
4. Assertion: In a democracy, everyone has voice in the shaping of public policies.

Reason: India has federal system.
Ans: (b) Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
Explanation- In a democracy, people elect the representatives who participate in the decision
making process. Due respect and proper representation is given to diverse groups in a democratic
system. Hence, in democracy everyone has voice in the shaping of public policies. However the
reasons does not justify the assertion.
5. Assertion: Power should reside with one person and group located at one place in a democracy.
Reason: If the power is dispersed, it will not be possible to take decision quickly and enforce it.
Ans : (d). Both assertion and reason are false. Explanation-
In a good democratic government due respect is given to diverse groups and views that exist in the
society. Hence, political power should be distributed among citizens.
============================================================================
ता ी ा ा ् ा ब ा ् ार रन
ब े : ब ज ब बन ं ि ं :
( ) क ा ् ं ् ं ा ् ी या् ा ।
( )। क ा ् ं ् ं लक ा ् ी या् ा ं ा ।
( ) क ् ् ा ् ् ।
101
( ) क ा ् ं ् ।ं
1. ब : ु ा ् ा ा ् ब ा ।
ा ्: ा ब य ् ा ब ब् ा ं ा
त :( ) ा ् ं ् ।ं
या् ा- ु ् ा ा ् ा ा ज ् ा बल ा ु ् ं ाण
ा . ् ा ा र ा ब ब् ा ा र ।
2. ब : बज ं ां क ाक ब ब न ं ी ा ां ब ं ा ् ा ी
ा ।
ा ्: बज ा् ा ा ष बल ा।
त :( ) ा ् ं ् ।ं
या् ा- बज ल ं ता ा ीय ् ा ा ाब ं ा ं ा ा रब ब ब ्
। ब ब न ा ं ा ं ब ल। र ा ् ं क ब ् ा ा ष
ं बल ा। ा ् ं ् ।ं
3. ब : बज ं रा ा् ा ध बि ाल ा।
ा ्: बज ा ं रं ा् ा ।
त :( ) ् ् ा ् ् ।
या् ा- बज ं रं ा् ा् ा ं ा ा ा। ा ा बल , ा
ता ा ा ाल ब ा ा ा ा ं ा रब ब ब ् ब ला।
4. ब :ल र ं, ा ण ब ब ं ा ं ी ा ।
ा ्: ा ं य ् ा ।
त :( ) ा ् ं ं लक ा ्, ी या् ा ं ।
या् ा- ल र ंल ब ्ण ल ी रकि ा ं ा ल ाल रब ब ब ं ा ा ।ं ल ाबर य ् ा
ंब ब ं ब ् ा ब रब ब ब ् क ा ा ा । बल , ल र ं ा ण ब ब ं
ा ं ी ा । ालाक ा ् ा ं ा ।ं
5. ब : ता ल र ं ् ा ब् यबि ा ाब ।
ा ्: क बि ा र ा ा , ब ्ण ज ल ा ला ा ं ा।
त :( ) ा ् ं ् ।ं
या् ा- ् ल ाबर ा ं ा ं ब ब ं ब ा ं ब ् ा क ा ा ा
। बल , ा र ं ा ब बि ा ब ्क ा ा ा ाब ।
102
Four statement and four combination based questions-
Q.1 Which one of the following statements about community government is true?
(a) Power is shared among different organs of the government.
(b) Power is shared among different levels of the governments.
(c) Power is shared by different social groups.
(d) Power is shared by two or more political parties
(a) A and B (b) A, B and D

(c) Only C (d) B, C and D
ा ाब ा ा ं ब नबलब ं ा ् ?
( ) ा ब ब न ं ता ा ा ी ा ।
( )ब ब न् ं ा ं ता ा ा ी ा ।
( ) ब ब न ा ाब ं वा ा ता ा ा ी ा ।
( ) ता ा ब ा ब लं वा ा ा ा ी ा ।
( ) ( ) ,
( ) ल ( ) ,
Answer: C
Q.2 In dealing with Power Sharing, which one of the following statements is not correct about
democracy?
(a) People are the source of political power.
(b) In a democracy, people rule themselves. Through institutions of self-governance.
(c) In a democracy, due respect is given to diverse groups and views that exist in the society.
(d) In a democracy, if the power to decide is dispersed, it is not possible to take quick decisions and
enforce them.
(a) A, B, C and D (b) A, B and D

(c) C and D (d) Only D
ता ा ब ं, ल र ा ं ब नबलब ं ा ं ?
( )ल ा ब बि र ।ं
( )ल र ं, ल ा ।ं ् ा ् ा ं ा् ।
( )ल र ,ं ा ं ब ब ं ब ा ं ब ् ा क ा ा ा ।
( )ल र ं, क ब ्ण ल ी बि ब ु , ् र ब ्ण ल ा ् ं ला ा ं ।
( ) , , ( ) ,
( ) ( ) ल
Answer: D
Q.3 Consider the following statements about power sharing arrangements in Belgium and Sri
Lanka.
A. In Belgium, the Dutch-Speaking majority people tried to impose their domination on the
103
minority French-Speaking community.
B. In Sri Lanka, the policies of the government sought to ensure the dominance of the Sinhala
speaking majority.
C. The Tamils in Sri Lanka demanded a federal arrangement of power sharing to protect their
culture, language and equality of opportunity in education and jobs.
D. The transformation of Belgium from unitary government to a federal one prevented a possible
division of the country on linguistic lines.
Which of the statements given above are correct?

Codes
(a) A, B, C and D
(b) A, B and D
(c) C and D
(d) B, C and D
बज र ल ा ं ता ा ीय ् ा ा ं ब नबलब ं ब ा ं।
. बज ,ं - ा् ु ् ल ं ज ् रा - ा् ा ा ण् ी
ब ी।
. र ल ा ं, ा ी ब ं ह ल ा् ु र ् ब बि ी ा ी।
. र ल ा ं ब लं ् ब , ा्ा ब षा र ं ं ी ा ा ी षा बल ता
ा ी य ् ा ी ा ी।
. बज ा् ा ा ं र ण ा्ा ा ाब ब ा
क ा।
क ं ं ं
?
( ) , ,
( ) ,
( )
( ) ,
Answer:D
Q.4 Match List I (forms of power-sharing) with List-II (forms of government) and select the correct
answer using the codes given below in the lists:
List I List II
1. Power shared among different organs of government A. Community government
2. Power shared among governments at different levels B. Separation of powers
3. Power shared by different social groups C. Coalition government
4. Power shared by two or more political parties D. Federal government
A B C D
104
(a) 1 2 3 4
(b) 2 4 1 3
(c) 3 2 4 1
(d) 4 3 2 1
I ( ता ी ा ा ) - II ( ा ) ा ब ला ब ं ं क ा
त ं:
I
II
1. ा ब ब न ं ता ा ा ा . ा ाब ा
2. ब ब न् ं ा ं ता ा ा ा . बि ं ा क ्
3. ब ब न ा ाब ं वा ा ा ा ी बि . ा
4. ा ब ा ब लं वा ा ा ा ी बि . ा
( ) 1 2 3 4
( ) 2 4 1 3
( ) 3 2 4 1
( ) 4 3 2 1
Answer: B
Q.5 Which of the following ia not correctly matched from the given options?
A. Sri Lanka got independence 1.1948

B. Act declared Sinhala as the official language 2. 1956
C. Civil War ended in Sri Lanka 3. 2011
(c) Only A (b) Only B

(d) Only C (d) None of these
ब नबलब ं क ब ज ं ं बल ं ?
.र ल ा ् र ाब ल 1.1948
105
. ब ब ह ल ब ार ा्ा ब् क ा 2. 1956
.र ल ा ं ध ात ु 3. 2011
( ( ल ( ( ल
( ( ल ( ( ं ं
Answer: C
Q.6 Which are the main ethnic groups of Belgium?
(a) Sinhalese, Tamil (b) French, Tamil
(C) French, Sinhalese (d) French, Dutch
(a) A and B (b) A, B and D

(c) Only D (d) B, C and D
बज र ा ं?
( (ह ल, ब ल ( ( रं , ब ल ( ( रं ,
ह ल ( (रं ,
( ( ( ( ,
( ( ल ( ( ,
Answer: C
Multiple choice questions-

ु- ब ज ा् रन-
Q . Belgium Shares borders with France, the Netherlands, Germany and ……?
(A) England ( B) Norway
(C) Luxembourg (D) Italy
बज रा , लं , ण …… ा ा ा ा ा ?
( ) ्लं ( ) े
( ) ल़् ण ( ) ल
Q . In the capital city Brussels, % people speak………?
(A)French ( B) Dutch
(C) German (D) English
ा ा र ज ं 80 रब ल ल … ं ……?
( ) रं ( )
( ) ण ( ) र
Q . % of the people of Brussels Speak………?
(A) Dutch (B) English
(C) German (D)Italian
र ज 20% ल ल … ं ……?
106
( ) ( ) र
( ) ण ( ) ाबल
Q4. Brussels presented a special problem: What was it?
(A) Dutch-speaking people constituted a minority in the country, but a majority in the capital
(B) Dutch-speaking people constituted a majority in the country, but a minority in the capital
(C) Other foreign languages were seeping in
(D) English was becoming dominant
र ज ब ् ् ा र् ी: ् ा ा?
( ) ा् ल ं ं ज ् ा क ा, लक ा ा ं ु
( ) ा् ल ं ु ् , लक ा ा ं ज ्
( ) ् ब ा्ा र ं
( ) र ा
Q5. What percentage of Sri Lankan Population is Tamil Speaking?
(A) 50% (B) 20%
(C) 18% (D) 16%
रल ा ् ा ाक ा रब ब ल ा् ?
( ) 50% ( ) 20%
( ) 18% ( ) 16%
Q6. The people whose forefathers came from India to Sri Lanka as plantation workers
during the colonial period are called…….
(A) Sri Lankan Tamils
(B) Indian Tamils
(C) Tamil Indians
(D) Indian Sri Lankans
ब ब ाल ं ब ल ं ण ा रल ा ं ा ा ं , ् ं …….. ा ा ा
।
( )रल ा ब ल ( ) ा ब ल
( ) ब ल ा ( ) ा रल ा
Q7. Most of the Sinhalese Speaking people in Sri Lanka are…………?
(A) Hindus
(B) Christians
(C) Muslims
(D) Buddhists
रल ा ं ब ा ह ल ा् ल ………..?
( ) ह ( ) ा
( ) ब्ल ( ) ध
Q8. When did Sri Lanka emerge as an independent country?
107
(A) 1949 (B) 1950
(C)1948 (D)1951
रल ा ् र ं ा?
( ) 1949 ( ) 1950
( ) 1948 ( ) 1951
Q . In ……….an Act was passed to recognise Sinhalese as the only official language, thus
disregarding Tamil. The governments followed preferential policies that favoured Sinhalese
applicants for university positions and government jobs?
(A) 1956 (B)1957
(C)1958 (D) 1959
………. ं ह ल ार ब ार ा्ा ं ा् ा बल ब ब ार क ा ा
ा, र ा ब ल ी ल ा ी । ा ं ब ं ा ाल क ा ब वब याल ं
ा र ं बल ह ल ं ष ं ं?
( ) 1956 ( ) 1957
( )1958 ( )1959
Q10. All these government measures, coming one after the other, gradually increased the
…………among the Sri Lankan Tamils?
(A) Protests (B) Favouritism
(C) Feeling of alienation (D) Subordination
ा ाल ा ा ं र ल ा ब लं ं - ……….. ी बध ु ? ( )
ब ( ) ष ा
( ) ल ा ी ा ा ( ) ा
Q11. By the 1980s several political organisations were formed demanding ……..?
(A) Certain rights (B) Independent Tamil Eelam (state)
(C) Sovereign State (D) Priority in Jobs for Tamils
1980 ा ब ं ा क ा ा ा …….. ी ा ?
( ) ब ा ( )् र ब ल ल ( ा् )
( ) र ा् ( ) ब लं बल र ं ं रा ब ा
Q12. When did the Civil War of Sri Lanka end?
(A) 2010 (B) 2009
(C) 2005 (D) 2011
रल ा ा ध ात ु ?
( ) 2010 ( ) 2009
( ) 2005 ( ) 2011
Q13. How many times was the constitution of Belgium amended between 1970 and 1993?
(A) Three times (B) Two times
(C) Four times (D) Once
1970 1993 बज ब ा ंक ा क ा ा?
108
( ) ा ( ) ा
( ) ा ा ( ) ा
Q14. The Constitution of Belgium prescribes that the number of Dutch and French-speaking
ministers ……….. in the central government?
(A) Shall be equal (B) Dutch speaking shall be more
(C) French speaking will be more (D) None of the above
बज ा ब ा ब ाणर ा क ंर ा ं रं ा् बर ं ी ् ा ………..?
( ) ा ा ( ) ा् ब ा
( ) रं ा् ब ा ( ) ि ं ं
Q 5. The community government is elected by people belonging to one language
community – Dutch, French and German-speaking. What powers does it hold?
(A) Cultural, educational and language-related issues. (B) Political issues
(C) Defence related issues (D) All of the above
' ा ाब ा ' ा्ा ा ब ल ं वा ा ा - , रं ण ा् ।
बि ा ा ् ा ?
( ) ा् ब , बष ा्ा द ( ) ा ब द
( ) षा द ( ) ि
Q16. Give one moral reason as why power sharing is good?
(A) it helps to reduce the possibility of conflict between social groups
(B) It does not lead to confusion in managing the state
(C) People have a right to be consulted on how they are to be governed.
(D) Power sharing is a good way to ensure the stability of political order
ब ा ् ा क ता ा ा ा ् ा् ं ?
( ) ा ाब ं ्ण ी ा ा ं ा
( ) ा् र ंर ी ब् ब ा ं
( )ल ं ा ा ब ा क ् ं ाब क ा ा ा , ा णक ा ा ।
( ) ा ब य ् ा ी ब् ा ब बि बल ता ा ा ा ् ा ा
Q17. The idea of power-sharing has emerged in opposition to …….?
(A) Democracy (B) Dictatorship
(C) Monarchy (D) Undivided political power under one sect
ता ा ा ब ा ……. ब ं ा ।
( )ल र ( ) ा ा ा
( ) ा ा ( ) र ा ब ाब ा ब बि
Q18. Give an example of horizontal distribution of power?
(A) Governments at the provincial or regional level.
(B) legislature, executive and judiciary
(C) among different social groups
109
(D) political parties, pressure groups and movements
बि षब ब ् ा ा ् ? ं
( ) रा ा षर ् ा ं।
( ) ब ाब ा, ा ण ाबल ा ् ा ाबल ा
( ) ब ब न ा ाब ं
( ) ा ब ल, ा ल
Q19. Which is a federal division of power?
(A) Governments at the provincial or regional level.
(B) legislature, executive and judiciary
(C) among different social groups
(D) political parties, pressure groups and movements
ता ा ब ा ा ?
( ) रा ा षर ् ा ं। ( )ब ाब ा, ा ण ाबल ा ् ा ाबल ा
( ) ब ब न ा ाब ं ( ) ा ब ल, ा ल
Q20. In Sri Lanka the democratically elected government adopted a series of ………..
Measures to establish Sinhala supremacy?
(A) Extreme (B) Democratic
(C) Political (D) Majoritarian
रल ा ंल ाबर ा ह ल ण् ् ाब बल ……….. ा ं ी
र ला ा ?
( ) ( )ल ाबर
( ) ा ब ( ) ु ्
ANSWER KEY FOR MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS-
ु- ब ज ा् रनं त ाबल ा-
Q.No. ANSWER Q.No. ANSWER

1 C 11 B
2 A 12 B
3 A 13 C
110
4 B 14 A
5 C 15 A
6 B 16 A
7 D 17 C
8 C 18 B
9 A 19 A
10 C 20 D
CHAPTER 2 FEDERALISM
Important terms and definition
 Federalism:- The Sharing of Power Among the Central, State/ Regional and Local
Governments is Known as Federalism.
(Usually, a Federation has two levels of Governments)
 Jurisdiction: - “The area over which Someone has legal authority.”
The Area may be defined in terms of geographical boundaries or in terms of certain

kinds of subjects
 Residuary subjects: -
The subjects that do not fall in any of the three list, (because these came up after the
constitution was made) are known as “residuary subjects.”
111
Example – computer software.
Union government has the power to legislate (law making power) on these “residuary
subjects.
Union territories: -
“ the smaller units of the Indian union , which are too small to become an independent
state but which could not be merged with any of the existing states. These are called
“union territories.”
Coalition government-
A government formed by the coming together of at least two political parties is known as the
‘coalition government;
Decentralisation-
“ When power is taken away from central and state governments and given to local
government , it is called ‘decentralisation’
Key features of federalism-
1. There are two or more levels ( or tiers ) of government.

2. Different tiers of government govern the same citizens but each tier has its own
Jurisdiction in specific matters of legislation, taxation and administration.
3. The jurisdictions of the respective levels of government are specified in the
constitution.
4. The fundamental provisions of the constitution cannot be unilaterally changed by one
level of government.
5. Courts have the power to interpret the constitution and the powers of different levels
of government.
6. Sources of revenue for each level of government are clearly specified to ensure its
financial autonomy.
7. The Federal System Has Dual Objectives
A) To Safe Guard and Promote Unity ofthe Country.
B) To Accommodate Regional Diversity
 Two Kinds of Routes of Federations Formation

(A)…………………………………!...........................................(B)
“Coming Together “ “ Holding Together “

Federations Federations
(Two Types Of Federations)
112
→ Coming Together Federations
Independent States come together on their own to form a bigger unit, so that by pooling
sovereignty and retaining identity they can increase their security.
Examples – USA, Switzerland and Australia
In This Type of Federations, All the Constituent States Usually Have Equal Power and Are
Strong Vis – A – Vis The Federal Government.
→ “ Holding Together Federations
A Large Country Decides to Divide Its Power Between the Constituent States and The
National Government.
 Examples- India, Spain and Belgium.

 In this type of federation, the central government tends to be more powerful vis-a- vis
the states.
“Unitary system of government “
 In unitary system, either there is only one level of government or the sub units are
subordinate to the central government.
 In this system the central government can pass on orders to the provincial or the local
government.
Changes in the basic structure of the constitution
 The parliament cannot on its own change the basic structure of the constitution.
 Any change to it has to be first passed by both the houses of parliament with at least
two-third (2/3) majority.
 Then it has to be ratified by the legislatures of at least half of the total states.
What makes India a federal country
 The constitution declared India as a “Union of States.”

 Although it did not use the word “federation “, the Indian union is based on the
principles of federalism.
 The constitution originally provided for a two- tier system of government.
The union government The State government

(The central government)
 Later a third tier of federalism was added in the form of

“Panchayats“and“Municipalities”. (in1959)
113
In this way at present there are three tiers of governments of the Indian federalism, and
these different tiers enjoy separate jurisdiction.
 The constitution clearly provided a three fold distribution of legislative(law making)

powers between the union and the state government. it contains three.
1. Union list
2. State list
3. Concurrent list
UNION LIST
The subjects of the national important are included in the union list
Examples- defense, foreign affairs, banking, communication and currency etc.
The union government alone can make laws relating to the subjects mentioned in the union
list.
STATE LIST
The subjects of state and local importance are included in the state list
Examples- police, trade, commerce, agriculture and irrigation.
The state governments alone can make laws relating to the subjects mentioned in the state
list.
CONCURRENT LIST
The subjects of common interest to both the union government as well as the state
governments (both national as well as local importance) are included in the concurrent list.
Examples- education, forest, trade union marriage, adoption and succession.
Both the union as well as the state government can makes laws on the subjects mentioned in
the concurrent list.
But … if their laws conflict with each other, the law made by the union government will
prevail.
How federalism practiced in India
114
(linguistic state and language policy)
A. Linguistic state: -
The creation of linguistic state was the first and major test for democratic politics in
our country, the boundaries of several old states of India was changed in order to
create new States
1.This was done to ensure that people who spoke the same language lived in the same state.
2. Some states were created not on the basis of language but to recognize differences based
on culture ethnicity or Geography like Nagaland and Manipur.
3. When the demand for the formation of States on the basis of language was raised some
national leaders feared that it would lead to the disintegration of the country.
4.The Central Government resisted linguistic States for some time. but the experience has
some that the formation of linguistic state has actually made the country more United
5. Also made administration easier.
B.Language policy: -
This was the second major problem for the country how to implement language policy.
1. Our constitution did not give the status of national language to any one language
2. Hindi is identified as the official language.
3. Beside Hindi, there are 21 other languages recognized schedule language by the
constitution (8th schedule)
4. States have their own official language. Much of the government work take place in the
official language of the concerned state
5. According to the constitution the use of English for the official purpose was stop in 1965
6. Many non-Hindi Speaking States demand that the use of English continues
7. In Tamil Nadu this moment take a violent form
Decentralization:-
The process of taking away power from the central and the state governments and giving
them to local governments is called decentralization of power.
Constitutional Amendment of 1992 for local government:-

I . It is mandatory to hold regular elections to the local governments.
ii. Seats are reserved for scheduled castes, scheduled tribes and other backward classes in
local government.
115
iii. One-third of all the position in local governments are reserved for women.
iv. State Election Commission is set up to conduct elections to local government.
v. State governments are asked to share some powers and revenue with the local
governments
Panchayati raj system in India.

The system of local government in rural areas is called Panchayati Raj system.
It has three tiers.
 Each village or a group of villages has a gram panchayat
 Gram panchayat is divided in different wards and elected members of ward is known
as ward member or panch.
 The president of gram panchayat- sarpanch.
 Ward members and sarpanch are directly elected by all the adult people of the ward
or the village.
 The gram panchayat works under the overall supervision of the gram sabha.
 All the voters(adults) in the village are the members of gram sabha.
 Gram sabha has to meet at least twice or thrice in a year.
 few gram panchayats are grouped together to form what is usually called a panchayat
samite or block or mandal.
 All the panchayat samitis or mandals in a districts together constitute the zila
parishad
 Local government bodies for urban areas
Municipalities (in small cities)
Municipal corporation (in big cities)
 The chairperson of municipal corporation – mayor
ा
् ्ण ् र ा्ा
ा :- ं र, ा् /षर ् ा ा ं ता ा ा ं ा ा ा ा ।
( , ं ् ी ा ं ं)
षराब ा :- " षर ब क ा ा ब ा ।"

षर बल ां ण ं ा र ा ब ् ं ण ं र ाब् क ा ा ा
ब ट ब ् :-
116
ब ् ं ं क ं ं ,ं (् ंक ब ा ा )" ब टब ् "
ं ा ा ।ं
ा ्- ् ् ।
ंर ा ा " ब ट ब ् ं" ा ा ी बि ।
ं र ाब र :-
" ा ी ा ा, ् र ा् बल ु ,ं लक ब ाक ा
ा् ंब ल ंक ा ा ा । ् ं " ं र ाब र " ा ा ा ।
ा -
ा ब लं ा ा ' ा ' ं ा ा ा ा ;
ब ंर ्-
" ंर ा् ा ं ता ल ा ् ा ा ा , 'ब ंर ्' ा
ा ा ।
ा ीर ब ् ा -
1. ा ा ब ् ।ं
2. ा ब ब न् ा र ा ं लक ा , ा ा र ा ब ब ट
ा लं ं र् ् ा ा ब ा षर ा ।
3. ा ब ् ं षराब ा ब ा ंब ् ट
ण ।ं
4. ब ा बल रा ा ं ् ी ा वा ा ा ं ला ा ा ।
5. ् ा ाल ं ा ब ा ा ब ब न् ं ी बि ं ी या् ा ी बि ।
6. ा र् ् ा ् र ीब त ् ा त ा ब बि बल ् ट ब ् ट
ण ।ं
7. य ् ा द ं
) ी षा ा ढा ा ा
) षर ब ब ा ा ब ा
ं र ा ा ण
“Coming Together “ “ Holding Together “
Federations Federations
( र ा ी य ् ा)
117
ह
् र ा् ़ ा ा बल ा ,ं ाक र ा ा ा
ा षा ढा ं।
ा ्– , ब् लं ्रबल ा
र ा ं ,ं ा् ं ा ा बि ा ी ल ा ं
।ं
→ हज
़ा बि ब ा ा् ं ार ा ा ा ला ा ।
ा ्- ा ,् बज ।
र ा ,ं ं र ा ा् ं ी ल ा ं ब बि ाल ।
" ा ी ा् र्ाल "
ा् र्ाल ं ा ा ा ल ् ा ा ा ा ंर ा ् ।ं
र्ाल ं ंर ा रा ा् ा ा ार ।
ब ा ी ल ा ं र ण
ब ा ल ा ं ल ।
ं र ण ल ं ं वा ा -ब ा (2/3) ु ार क ा ा ा
ाब ।
क ल ा् ं ा् ं ब ा लं वा ा ी बट ी ा ाब ।
् ा ा
ब ा ा " ा् ं ा " ब् क ा।
यब " " ् ार ंक ा, ा ा ब धा ं ार ।
ब ा ं ल ा ी ् र्ाल ा रा ा क ा ा ा।
. ( ्र ) ा . ा् ा
ा ं" ा ं" " ाबल ां" ं ा ा ा् ़ा ा। (1959 ं)
118
र ा ण ा ं ा ा ी ा ं ् ं, ब ब न् ं ल - ल ब ा
षर रात ।ं
ब ा ् ट ा् ा ब ा ( ा ब ाण्) बि ं ा ब ं वा ा
ब ् क ा ।ं
1.
2. ा्
3. ी
ार ् ब ् ं ं ाब ल क ा ा
ा ्- षा, ब ा ल, ंक , ा रा क ।
ं बजलब ब ् ं ब ा ल ंर ा ा ।
ा्
ा् ् ा ् ब ् ा् ं ाब ल ं
ा ्- बल , या ा , ाब्् , ब् ह ा ।
ा् ं बजलब ब ् ं ब ा ल ा् ा ं ा ।ं
ंर ा् ा ं( ं ार ् ा ् ) ं ा ब ब ् ं ी ं ाब ल
क ा ा ।
ा ्- ब षा, ,र ब ,ब ा , त र ् त ाब ा ।
ा् ा ं ी ं बजलब ब ् ं ा ा ।ं
लक ... क ा - ा ,ं ंर ा वा ा ा ा ा ा ा् ा।
ा ं ा ा ् ा ु
( ा्ा ा् ा्ा ब )
. ा्ा ा् :-
ा्ा ा् ाब ाण् ा ंल ाबर ा ब बल ल र षा , ा् ं

ब ाण् बल ा ा ा् ं ी ां लक ा ा ा
ा ब बि बल क ा ा ाक ा्ा ल ाल ल ा् ं ।ं
119
2. ा् ं ा ब ाण् ा्ा ा ं बज ा ालं ब् ा् ब ा ा ा ल
ा ब ब न ां ा बल क ा ा ा।
3. ा्ा ा ा् ं ी ा ा ार ां ाक ा
ब ा ा।
4. ं र ा बल ा्ा ा् ं ा ाल क ा । लक क ा्ा ा्
ा् ं ब ि ाक ा
5. र ा ा ा ा।
. ा्ा ब :-
ा्ा ब ला क ा ा बल ़ ।
1. ा ब ा क ा्ा ार ा्ा ा ाण ंक ा
2. ह ी ा ा ा्ा ं ी ा ।
3. ह ला ा, 21 ् ा्ा ं ब ा वा ा ा् ा रात ब ा्ा (8 ं )
4. ा् ं ी ा ा्ा । ब ा ा ा ण ब ा् ी ा ा्ा ं ं
5. ब ा ा 1965 ं ब ार द बल र ा क ा ा ा ा लक ---------
-------------
6. -ह ा् ा् ा क र ार ा
7. ब ल ा ं ा ह ा ् बल ा ा
ब ंर ्:-
ंर ा् ा ं ता ् ा ा ं ी रकि ा ता ा ब ंर ् ा ा ा ।
् ा ा (् ा ) बल 1992 ा ाब :
i.् ा ा ं बल ब ब ा ा ा ब ा ण ।
ii. ् ा ा ं ब ाब , ब ाब ् ब ़ ं बल ं बष ।ं
iii. ् ा ा ं ं ं ा ब ा ब लां बल बष ।
iv. ा् ा ा ् ा ा ा ा बल क ा ा ा ।
v. ा् ा ं ् ा ा ं ा बि ा ा ् ा ा बल ा ा ा । ा ं
ा ा य ् ा
रा ् षरं ं ् ा ा य ् ा ा ा य ् ा ं।
120
् ।ं
र् ा ा ा ं ी रा ा
रा ा ब ब न ा ं ंब ाब क ा ा ा ा ण ब ाणब ् ं ा ण ् ा
ं ा ा ा ा ।
रा ा ् ष- ।
ा ण ् ा ण ा ा ् ल ं वा ा ा ।ं
रा ा रा ा र ण ष् ं ा ण ।
ा ा ा( ् ) रा ा ् ।ं
रा ा ्ण ं ा ा ।
क रा ा ं ा ब क ा ा ा ,ब ा ब ब ा ्ल ा ल
ा ा ा ।
ब ल ं ा ब ब ा ा लब ल ब ला र ् ा ं
 षरं बल ् ा ् ा ब ा
ाबल ा ( ं)
ब ( ़ ं ं)
ब ् ष– ा ( )
Questions
1. Which among the following are examples of ‘Coming together federations’?
(a) India, Spain and Belgium
(b) India, USA and Spain
(c) USA, Switzerland and Australia
(d) Belgium and Sri Lanka
ब नबलब ं ा ा ् ' ा ाल ं ा?
( ) ा ,् बज
( ) ा , र ा ्
( ) , ब् ् लं ्रबल ा
( ) बज रल ा
2. The Union List includes subjects such as:

(a) Education, forests, trade unions, marriages, adoption and succession.
121
(b) Police, trade, commerce, agriculture and irrigation.
(c) Residuary subjects like computer software.
(d) Defence, foreign affairs, banking, currency, communications.
ं ब ् ाब ल :ं
( ) ब षा, , रब ,ब ा , त र ् त ाब ा ।
( ) बल , या ा , ाब्् , ब् ह ा ।
( ) ् ् ा षब ् ।
( ) षा, ब ा ल, ंक , रा, ा
3. . …………. is a system of government in which the power is divided between a central

authority and various constituent units of the country?
A. Dictatorship
B. Unitary system
C. Monarchy
D. Federalism
. ............. ा ी य ् ा ब ं ता ंर राब ् ीब ब न
ा ं ा ा ा ा ?
A. ा ा ा
B. ा् र्ाल
C. ा ा
D. ा
4. The creation of ………….. was the first and a major test for democratic politics in our
country
A. States according to religion
B. States according to culture
C. Linguistic states
D. States according to topography
----------------- ा ब ाण् ा ंल ाबर ा ब बल ल ़ षा
A. ण ा ा्
B. ् ब ा ा्
C. ा्ा ा्
D .् ला ब ा ा्
122
5. What is meant by residuary subjects?
A. Subjects under union list
B. Subjects under state list
C. Subject under both state and union list
D. Subjects which are not under any list
ब टब ् ं ् ा ल ?
A. ब ्
B. ा् ब ्
C. ा् ं ब ्
D. ब ् क ं ं ं
6. The distinguishing feature of a federal government is:
A. National government gives some powers to the provincial governments.
B. Power is distributed among the legislature, executive and judiciary.
C. Elected officials exercise supreme power in the government.
D. Governmental power is divided between different levels of government.
ा ीब ब टब ् ा :
A. ार ा रा ा ं ब ा ।
B. ता ब ाब ा, ा ण ाबल ा ् ा ाबल ा ब र ी ा ।
C. ब ाणब ब ा ा ं ोच बि ा र ।ं
D. ा बि ा ब ब न् ं ब ाब ।
7. Subjects like computer software comes in the
(a) Union List
(b) State List
(c) Concurrent List
(d) Residuary List
् ् ाब ् ा
( ) ( ) ा्
( ) ी ( ) ब ट
8. In case of a clash between the laws made by the center and a state on a subject in the
concurrent list:
(a) the state law prevails.
123
(b) the central law prevails.
(c) both the laws prevail within their respective jurisdictions.
(d) the Supreme Court has to intervene to decide.
ी ं ब ् ंर ा् वा ा क ा ं ा ा ल ं:
( ) ा् ा ा ा ।
( ) ्र ा ा ।
( ) ं ा - षराब ा ं र ल ।ं
( ) च ् ा ाल ब ्ण ल बल ् ष ा ़ ा ।
9. Which language is recognized as the national language by the Constitution of India?

(a) Hindi (b) English
(c) Tamil (d) None of these
ा ब ा वा ा क ा्ा ार ा्ा ं ा् ा ?
( )ह ( ) र
( ) ब ल ( ) ं ं
10. The system of Panchayati Raj involves which of the following:
(a) The village, District and State Levels
(b) The village, State and Union Levels
(c) The village, Block and District Levels
(d) Village and State Levels
ा ा ी य ् ा ं ब नबलब ं ा ाब ल
( ) ा , ब ला ा् ्
( ) ा , ा् ्
( ) ा , ्ल ब ला ्
( ) ा ा् ्
11. Which subjects are included in the concurrent list ?

(a) National importance
(b)State importance
(c)Both National and state importance
(d)Importance of local government
124
ी ं ब ् ाब ल ?
ं
( ) ार ्
( ) ा् ्
( ) ार ा् ं ्
( )् ा ा ा ्
12. which body conduct the election to panchayat and municipalities—

(a) election commission (b) state election commission
(c) state high court (d) parliament
ा ब ा ं ा ा ा
[ ] ा ( ) ा् ा
( ) च ् ा ाल ( )
13.What percent of the seats in the Panchayati Raj bodies are reserved for women?
[a] one third (b) Two third
(c) Half (d) None of the above
ा ा ब ा ं ं ब लां बल क रब ं बष ं?
[ ] ब ा ( ) ब ा
( ) ा ( ) ि ं ं
14. How much of the Indian population has Hindi as its mother tongue ?
(a) 60%
(b) 50%
(c) 44%
(d) 30%
ा ीक ् ा ी ा ा्ा ह ?
( ) 60%
( ) 50%
( ) 44%
( ) 30%
125
15. Analyse the information given below, considering one of the following correct options :
It includes subjects of common interest to both the union government as well as the state
government such as education, forest ,trade unions ,marriage ,adoption and succession Both the
union as well as the state government can make laws on the subjects mentioned in this list.
(a) Concurrent list
(b) Union list
(c) State list
(d) Government list
ब नबलब ब ज ं ं ब ा ु , ा ा ा ब ल्् ं:
ं ंर ा ा - ा ा् ा ं ा ा् ब ब ् ाब ल ं ब षा, ,र ब ,
ब ा , त र ् त ाब ा ं ा् ा ं बजलब ब ् ं ा ा
।ं .
( ) ी
( )
( ) ा्
( ) ा
16.The Chairperson of a -----------------------is known as Mayor:
(a)Nagar Palika
(b)Nagar Parishad
(c) Municipal Corporation
(d)All of these
--------------- ् ष ा ं ा ा ा ा :
( ) ाबल ा
( ) र ्
( ) ब
( )
17. Assertion: The basic idea behind decentralization is to focus on locality based issues and
problems
Reason: local government is the worst method of realising the concepts of democracy
(a)Both Assertion and Reason are correct and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
(b)Both assertion and reason are correct but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
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(c)Assertion is true but reason is false
(d) Assertion is false but reason is true
ब :ब ंर ् लब ा ् ा ा ार दं ् ां ् ा ं कर ा
ा ्: ् ा ा ल र ी ा ्ां ा ा ा ा ा
(a) ब ा ् ं ं ा ् ब ी या् ा ।
(b) ा ् ं ं लक ा ्, ी या् ा ं ।
( ) ा ा लक ा ् ल
( ) ा ा ल लक ा ्
Q. 18 Match list I with list II and select the correct answer using the code given below the
lists
List I list II
1.Union of A. President
India
2. State B. Mayor
3. Union C. Governor
Territory
4. D. Lieutenant
Municipal Governor
Corporation
(a) 1-D, 2-A, 3-B, 4-C
(b) 1-B, 2-C, 3-D, 4-A
(c) 1-A, 2-C, 3-D, 4-B
(d) 1-C, 2-D, 3-A, 4-B
I II बल ीब ब ं क ार त ब
I II
1. ा A. ार ब
2. ा् B.
3. ं र ाब र C. ा् ाल
4. ब D ा् ाल
(e) 1-D, 2-A, 3-B, 4-C

(f) 1-B, 2-C, 3-D, 4-A
(g) 1-A, 2-C, 3-D, 4-B
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(h) 1-C, 2-D, 3-A, 4-B
(Source based Questions)

Read the following extract and answer the questions that follows: [1×4]
Restructuring the Centre-State relations is one more way in which federalism has been
strengthened in practice. How the constitutional arrangements for sharing power work in
reality depends to a large extent on how the ruling parties and leaders follow these
arrangements. For a long time, the same party ruled both at the Centre and in most of the
States. This meant that the State governments
did not exercise their rights as autonomous federal units. As and when the ruling party at the
State
level was different, the parties that ruled at the Centre tried to undermine the power of the
States. In those days, the Central Government would often misuse the Constitution to dismiss
the State
governments that were controlled by rival parties. This undermined the spirit of federalism.
(र ार रन)
ब नबलब ध ् ढं ब नबलब रनं त :ं [1×4]
ं र- ा् ं ा ण ा ब य ा ं ा क ा ा । ता ा
ी ाब य ् ा ी ं ा , ा ी ा ब ण ा क ता ा
ल ा य ् ां ा ाल ।ं ल ा ी ंर ् ा ा ा् ं ं ा
क ा। ा ल ु क ा् ा ं
् ा त ा ं ं ब ा ं ार ंक ा। ा् ं ता ा ल
् ल ा, ं र ं ा ाल ा् ण ं ा् ं ी बि ी ब ी। क ं, ं र
ा ् ा् ाण् बल ब ा ा
ब लं ब र् ाल ा ं। ा ी ा ा क ा।
Answer the following MCQs by choosing the most appropriate option:
िब ज ब नबलब ् त :ं
Q.19 1 The Centre-state relations undermined the spirit of federalism in the following way:
[1]
(a) The formation of states led to the disintegration of the country.
128
(b) The formation of linguistic states made the country united.
(c) The state governments could not exercise their rights as autonomous federal units due
tosame ruling party at both centre and states.

(d) State government misused the constitution to dismiss the rival parties.
ं र- ा् ं ा ी ा ा ब नर ा क ा: [1]
( ) ा् ं ाब ु ।
( ) ा्ा ा् ं क ा।
( ) ंर ा् ं ं ं ता ढ ल ा ् ा् ा ं् ा त ा ं ं
ब ा ं ार ं ं।
( ) रब वव लं ार बल ा् ा ब ा ा क ा
20. Constitutional arrangements for sharing power work depends on: [1]
(a) same party rule at both centre and states
(b) how ruling parties follow them
(c) strength of federalism
(d) rights of state as autonomous federal units.
ता ा ा बल ाब य ् ाब ण : [1]
( ) ंर ा् ं ं ं ा ी ा ा
( ) ता ढ ल ा ाल ं
( ) ा ी ा
( )् ा त ा ं ं ा् ब ा ।
21.The basic objective of a federal system is to: [1]
(a) accommodate regional diversity
(b) share powers among different communities
(c) ensure financial autonomy
(d) both (a) and (b)
य ् ा ा ल द : [1]
( ) षर ब ब ा ा ब ं
( )ब ब न ा ं बि ं ा ा ं
( )ब त ् ा त ा ब बि ं
( ) ं( ) ( )
129
22. The parties that ruled at the centre undermined the power of states because: [1]
(a) there was no power sharing
(b) there was no right to state governments
(c) ruling party at the state level was different
(d) state governments were ruled and controlled by rival parties.
ंर ं ा ाल ा् ण ं ा् ं ी बि ा ् ंक : [1]
( ) बि ा ा ् ं ा
( ) ा् ा ं ा ब ा ं ा
( ) ा् ् ता ढ ल ल ा
( ) ा् ा ं रब वव लं वा ा ाब ब बर ं।
23. What do you mean by coalition government?
A. Government formed by the coming together of at least two political parties

B. Government perform by one party
C. The government perform by dictatorship
ा ् ा ?ं
A. ा ब लं ा ा
B. ा ा ी वा ा र ण
C. ा ा ा ा ा
D. ि ं ं
(Picture based questions )
130
24. identify the leader shown in the above cartoon
(a) J. L. Nehru
(b) atal bihari Vajpayee
(c) indira Gandhi
(d) manmohan singh
ा ण क ा ा ाब
A. . ल .
B. लब ा ा
C. ब् ा ा
D ह
25. which concept is shown in the cartoon
(a) dictatorship
(b) monarchy
(c) coalition government
(d) none of these
ा ण क ा ्ा ाण ा ा
(a) ा ा ा
(b) ा ्र
(c) ा
(d) ं
Answer key
1-C, 2-D, 3-D, 4-C, 5-D, 6-D, 7-D, 8-B, 9-D, 10-C, 11-C, 12-B, 13-A, 14-C,
15-A, 16-C, 17-C, 18-C, 19-C, 20-B, 21-D, 22-C, 23-A, 24-B, 25-C
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ECONOMICS

DEVELOPMENT
What Development Promises: Different Peoples & Goals
● Different people can have different developmental goals

● What may be development for one may not be development for the other person. It
may even be destructive for others.
Economic Development of India
Income and Other Goals
● Development is the sum total of income plus quality of life. Besides seeking more
income one way or another, people also seek things like equal treatment, freedom,
security, respect for others.
● Different people have different goals in their life. What may be development for
one may not be developed for another. This can be understood by the following:
Example: To get more electricity, an industrialist may want more dams. But this
may submerge the land and disrupt the lives of people who are displaced, such as
tribes.
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● One common thing among all people is the desire for more income. With this
income, they buy goods and services for their daily needs. Quality of life depends on
non-material things also.
Example: A job may give you less pay but may offer regular employment that
enhances your sense of security.
National Development
● Ideas of development differ at an individual and national level.

Example: A landless rural labourer may desire more days of work and better wages
at the individual level, but at the national level, he may want a good education and
health facilities in the local area.
How to Compare Different Countries or States?
● The average income can be calculated by dividing national income by the

population. It is also called per capita income.
Gini coefficient of India and other countries according to the world bank (2014), Higher Gini
Index means more income inequality
● The standard of living of people in a country depends on their per capita income.
Countries with higher per capita income are more developed than others with less
per capita income.
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● Education and health also play an important role in the country’s development.
To know about other criteria we should be familiar with some terms:
(a) Infant Mortality Rate (IMF): It indicates the number of children who die before
the age of one year, as a proportion of 1000 live children born in that particular
year.
(b) Literacy Rate: It measures the proportion of the literate population in the 7 and
above age group.
(c) Net Attendance Ratio: It is the total number of children of age group 6-10
attending school as a percentage of a total number of children in the same age
group.
● The human development index is the quality of life index prepared by UNDP.
It has mainly three indicators:
(a) Life Expectancy at Birth: It denotes the average expected length of life of a
person at the time of birth.
(b) Gross Enrollment Ratio: It shows the enrollment ratio in primary schools,
secondary schools and in higher education.
(c) Per Capita Income: It is calculated in dollars for all countries so that it can be
compared.
Adding all the three indicators and dividing by 3, gives the human development
index:
LE = Life expectancy
GER = Gross enrollment ratio
● Human Development Report published by UNDP is useful for comparison between
different countries regarding the educational level of their people, their health
status and real per capita income.
Income and Other Criteria
● When we think of a nation or a region, besides average income, public facilities are
equally significant attributes.
● Public Facilities: These are the services provided by the government to its citizens.
Some of the important public facilities include infrastructure, sanitation, public
transport, health care, water, etc.
● Public facilities are those which are provided by the government to satisfy the
collective needs of the people.
Example: Schools, hospitals, community halls etc. It is the best and the cheapest
way to provide these goods and services collectively.
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Sustainability of Development
Sustainable development is a process that fulfils the needs of the present generation,
without causing any harm to the ability of the future generations to meet their own needs.
Achieving Sustainability will enable the earth to continue supporting human life
● It requires the preservation of stock of resources including exhaustible natural

resources and environmental resources.
● Recent studies show that groundwater in India is exhausted because of overuse.
1/3rd of the country is overusing its groundwater reserves.
● Another area is the exhaustion of natural resources. The resources of crude oil
would last only for 43 years.
विकाऺ
विकाऺ या िादा करता ऻॖ : विविन लोग और लय
● अलग-अलग लख़गख़ं कॕ अलग-अलग विकाऺ लय ऻख़ ऺकतॕ ऻं
● जख़ एक कॕ वलए विकाऺ ऻख़ ऺकता ऻॖ िऻ दॐ ऺरॕ यति कॕ वलए विकाऺ नऻ ं ऻख़ ऺकता ऻॖ । यऻ दॐ ऺरख़ं कॕ

वलए विनाशकार भ ऻख़ ऺकता ऻॖ ।
िारत का आवथिक विकाऺ
आय और अय लय
135
● विकाऺ आय और ज िन क गॏणिता का यख़ग ऻॖ । वकऺ न वकऺ ॺप मं अविक आय रात करनॕ कॕ
अलािा, लख़ग ऺमान यिऻार, वतंरता, ऺॏरषा, दॐ ऺरख़ं कॕ वलए ऺमान जॖऺ च जख़ं क भ तलाश करतॕ ऻं ।
● अलग-अलग लख़गख़ं कॕ ज िन मं अलग-अलग लय ऻख़तॕ ऻं । एक कॕ वलए जख़ विकाऺ ऻख़ ऺकता ऻॖ िऻ दॐ ऺरॕ
कॕ वलए विकवऺत नऻ ं ऻख़ ऺकता। इऺॕ वननवलतित वारा ऺमझा जा ऺकता ऻॖ :
● उदाऻरण: अविक विजल रात करनॕ कॕ वलए, एक उयख़गपवत कख़ अविक िां ि चावऻए। लॕवकन यऻ भॐवम
कख़ जलमन कर ऺकता ऻॖ और वि्थावपत लख़गख़ं कॕ ज िन कख़ िावित कर ऺकता ऻॖ , जॖऺॕ वक जनजावतयाँ ।
रा्रॎय विकाऺ
● विकाऺ कॕ विचार यतिगत और रा्र य तर पर वभन ऻख़तॕ ऻं ।

● उदाऻरण: एक भॐवमऻ न राम ण मजदॐ र यतिगत तर पर अविक वदनख़ं कॕ काम और िॕऻतर मजदॐ र क
इछा कर ऺकता ऻॖ , लॕवकन रा्र य तर पर, िऻ ्थान य षॕर मं अछ वशषा और वाय ऺॏवििाएं
चाऻता ऻॖ ।
विविन दॕ शों या रा्ों कॎ तॏलना कॖऺॕ करं ?
● औऺत आय क गणना रा्र य आय कख़ जनऺंया ऺॕ विभावजत करकॕ क जा ऺकत ऻॖ । इऺॕ रवत यति
आय भ कऻतॕ ऻं ।
विव बंक (2014) कॕ अनॏऺार िारत और अय दॕ शों का वगनॎ गॏणांक, उच वगनॎ ऺॐचकांक का अथि ऻॖ
अविक आय अऺमानता
(1) वशशॏ म॑यॏ दर (आईएमएफ): यऻ उऺ विशॕह िहष मं पॖदा ुए 1000 ज वित ि्ख़ं कॕ अनॏपात कॕ ॺप मं एक
िहष क आयॏ ऺॕ पऻलॕ मरनॕ िालॕ ि्ख़ं क ऺंया कख़ इं वगत करता ऻॖ ।
(2) ऺाषरता दर: यऻ 7 और उऺऺॕ अविक आयॏ िगष मं ऺाषर जनऺंया कॕ अनॏपात कख़ मापता ऻॖ ।
(3) शॏध उपत्थवत अनॏपात: यऻ ऺमान आयॏ िगष कॕ ि्ख़ं क कॏल ऺंया कॕ रवतशत कॕ ॺप मं कॐल मं भाग
लॕनॕ िालॕ 6-10 आयॏ िगष कॕ ि्ख़ं क कॏल ऺंया ऻॖ ।
136
● मानि विकाऺ ऺॐचकांक यॐएनडॎपॎ वारा तॖयार वकया गया जॎिन कॎ गॏणिता ऺॐचकांक ऻॖ।
इऺकॕ मॏय ॺप ऺॕ त न ऺंकॕतक ऻं :
(1) ज कॕ ऺमय ज िन रयाशा: यऻ ज कॕ ऺमय वकऺ यति कॕ ज िन क औऺत अपॕवषत लंिाई कख़

दशाष ता ऻॖ ।
(2) ऺकल नामां कन अनॏपात: यऻ राथवमक वियालयख़ं, मायवमक वियालयख़ं और उ् वशषा मं नामां कन अनॏपात
कख़ दशाष ता ऻॖ ।
(3) रवत यति आय: इऺक गणना ऺभ दॕ शख़ं कॕ वलए डॗलर मं क जात ऻॖ तावक इऺक तॏलना क जा ऺकॕ।
त नख़ं ऺंकॕतकख़ं कख़ जख़़नॕ और 3 ऺॕ विभावजत करनॕ पर मानि विकाऺ ऺॐचकां क रात ऻख़ता ऻॖ :
●
● यॐएनड प वारा रकावशत मानि विकाऺ ररपख़्ष विवभन दॕ शख़ं कॕ ि च उनकॕ लख़गख़ं कॕ शॖवषक तर,
उनकॕ वाय क त्थवत और िातविक रवत यति आय कॕ ऺंिंि मं तॏलना कॕ वलए उपयख़ग ऻॖ ।
● आय और अय मानदं ड
● जि ऻम वकऺ रा्र या षॕर कॕ िारॕ मं ऺख़चतॕ ऻं , तख़ औऺत आय कॕ अलािा, ऺािषजवनक ऺॏवििाएं भ
उतन ऻ मऻवपॐणष विशॕहताएं ऻख़त ऻं ।
● ऺािषजवनक ऺॏवििाएं : यॕ ऺरकार वारा अपनॕ नागररकख़ं कख़ रदान क जानॕ िाल ऺॕिाएं ऻं । कॏछ
मऻवपॐणष ऺािषजवनक ऺॏवििाओं मं िॏवनयाद ढां चा, वछता, ऺािषजवनक पररिऻन, वाय दॕ िभाल,
पान आवद शावमल ऻं ।
● ऺािषजवनक ऺॏवििाएं िॕ ऻं जख़ ऺरकार वारा लख़गख़ं क ऺामॐवऻक जॺरतख़ं कख़ पॐरा करनॕ कॕ वलए रदान
क जात ऻं ।
● उदाऻरण: कॐल, अपताल, ऺामॏदावयक ऻॗल आवद। इन ितॏओं और ऺॕिाओं कख़ ऺामॐवऻक ॺप ऺॕ
उपल करानॕ का यऻ ऺिऺॕ अछा और ऺता तर का ऻॖ ।
विकाऺ कॎ तथथरता
● ऺतत विकाऺ एक ऐऺ रविया ऻॖ जख़ ितषमान प ढ क जॺरतख़ं कख़ पॐरा करत ऻॖ , भविय क प वढयख़ं

क अपन जॺरतख़ं कख़ पॐरा करनॕ क षमता कख़ कख़ई नॏकऺान पुं चाए विना।
तथथरता रात करनॕ ऺॕ प॑वॎ मानि जॎिन का ऺमथिन करना जारॎ रखॕगॎ
137
● इऺकॕ वलए ऺंपॐणष राक॑वतक ऺंऺािनख़ं और पयाष िरण य ऺंऺािनख़ं ऺवऻत ऺंऺािनख़ं कॕ भंडार कॕ ऺंरषण क
आि कता ऻॖ ।
● ऻाल कॕ अययनख़ं ऺॕ पता चलता ऻॖ वक भारत मं भॐजल अवत रयख़ग कॕ कारण ऺमात ऻख़ गया ऻॖ । दॕ श का
एक वतऻाई वऻसा अपनॕ भॐजल भंडार का अवत रयख़ग कर रऻा ऻॖ ।
● एक अ षॕर राक॑वतक ऺंऺािनख़ं क कम ऻॖ । क्ॕ तॕल कॕ ऺंऺािन कॕिल 43 ऺाल तक ऻ व्कॕ रऻं गॕ
Question Bank
Q.1 How can we defined the development for women?
मवऻलाओं कॕ वलए ेविकाऺै कख़ कॖऺॕ पररभावहत वकया जा ऺकता ऻॖ ?
( A) More respect and security (B) More demand of work

(C) More demand of post (D) None of these
( ( आदर और ऺॏरषा ( ( अविक कायष क मां ग
( ( ि़ॕ पद क मां ग ( ( इनमं ऺॕ कख़ई नऻ ं
Q.2 What else is demanded by people apart from more income?
लख़गख़ं कॕ वारा अविक आय कॕ अवतररि और या मां ग क जात ऻॖ ?
(A) Equal treatment (B) Freedom and security

(C) Respect and healthy environment (D) All of the above
( ( िरािर का यिऻार ( ( वतं रता और ऺॏ रषा
( ( आदर और शॏध िातािरण ( ( उपरख़ि ऺभ
Q.3 What are the developmental goals of landless rural labourers?
भॐवमऻ न राम ण मजदॐ रख़ं कॕ विकाऺ कॕ लय ऻॖ ?
(A) More days of work and better wages (B) Acquirement of land for self-tilling
(C) More hours of work (D) Self-reliance
( ( काम कॕ अविक वदन और िॕऻतर िॕतन ( ( वयं जख़तनॕ कॕ वलए भॐवम का अविरऻण
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( ( काम कॕ अविक घं ्ॕ ( ( आमवनभषरता
Q.4 Which is the most common method of measuring economic development?
आवथषक विकाऺ कख़ मापनॕ का ऺिऺॕ ऺामा तर का कग़नऺा ऻॖ ?
(A) Profit loss लाभ ऻावन (B) Income आय
(C) Sales विि (D) Import- export आयात-वनयाष त
Q.5 “To get more electricity more dams are want”. This is the developmental goals for?
अविक विजल रात करनॕ कॕ वलए अविक िां िख़ं क आि कता ऻॖ विकाऺ का यऻ लय ऻॖ ?
(A) A rich family ऺंपन पररिार कॕ वलए (B) A farmer वकऺान
(C) Industrialists उयख़गपवतयख़ं (D) None of these कख़ई नऻ ं

Q6. What is meant by income of a country?
A). Income of president B. Income of all its resident
C). Income of prime minister D. Income of people above poverty line
वकऺ रा्र क आय ऺॕ या तापयष ऻॖ ?
A) रा्रपवत क आय ढ) ऺभ वनिावऺयख़ं क आय
C) रिानमंर क आय D) गर ि रॕ िा ऺॕ ऊपर कॕ लख़गख़ं क आय

Q7. What is average income of a country?
A. Income of richest person. B. Income of middle class people
C. Total income divided by its population D. Income of all residents
वकऺ दॕ श क औऺत आय ऺॕ या अवभराय ऻॖ ?
A) ऺिऺॕ अम र यति क आय ढ) मयम िगष कॕ लख़गख़ं क आय
C) जनऺँया कॕ ि च अनॏपात कॕ ॺप मं रात क D) ऺभ वनिावऺयख़ं क आय

Q8. Average income of a country is also known as?
A. Per capita income B. GNP
C. GDP D. GNI
वकऺ रा्र क औऺत आय कख़ या कऻा जाता ऻॖ

A) रवत यति आय ढ) ज .एन.प
C) ऺकल घरॕ लॐ उपाद D) ज .एन.आई

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Q9. World Development Reports are brought out by which organisation?
A. UNDP B. NSSO
C. World Bank D. NSO
विव विकाऺ ररपख़्ष वकऺ ऺंगठन वारा लाई जात ऻॖ ?
A) यॐएनड प ढ)एन.एऺ.एऺ.ओ
C) विव िंक D) एन.एऺ.ओ

Q10. According to world development reports, in which category India lies on the basis of
income?
A. Middle income category B. High income category
C. Low income category D. Low middle income category
विव विकाऺ ररपख़्ष कॕ अनॏऺार आय कॕ आिार पर भारत वकऺ रॕण मं आता ऻॖ ?
A) मयम आय िगष ढ) उ् आय िगष
C) वनन आय िगष D) वनन मयम आय िगष

11. In which state of India is the infant mortality rate lowest?
(A) Goa (B) Bihar
(C) Uttar Pradesh (D) Kerala
ठठठठठठठठठभारत कॕ वकऺ राय मं वशशॏ म॑यॏ दर ऺिऺॕ कम ऻॖ ?
(A)गख़िा (ढ)विऻार
(C)उतर रदॕ श (त)कॕरल
12. Which one of the following statements defines ‘Literacy Rate’?

(A) Total literate population divided by total population
(B) Total literate population divided by literate population
(C) Proportion of illiterate population in the 18 and above age group.
(D) It measures the proportion of literate proportion in the 7 years and above age
group.
वनन मं ऺॕ कग़नऺा ेऺाषरता दरै कख़ ऺऻ पररभावहत करता ऻॖ ?
( (कॏल ऺाषर जनऺंया कख़ कॏल जनऺंया ऺॕ विभावजत वकया जाता ऻॖ

(ढ)ऺाषर आिाद वारा विभावजत कॏल ऺाषर आिाद
( (अठारऻ िहष और उऺऺॕ अविक आयॏ िगष मं वनरषर जनऺंया मं अनॏपात
( (यऻ ऺात िहष और उऺऺॕ अविक आयॏ िगष मं ऺाषर अनॏपात कख़ मापता ऻॖ
13. Cause of high infant mortality rate is :
(A) inadequate facilities of health (B) lack of infrastructural facilities
(C) lack of awareness (D) both (a) and (b)
ठठठठठठठठठउ् वशशॏ म॑यॏ दर का कारण ऻॖ :-
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( (वाय क अपयाष त ऺॏवििाएँ ठठठठठ ( (िॏवनयाद ऺॏवििाओं क कम
( (जागॺकता क कम ( (दख़नख़ं ( ( और ( (
14. HDI stands for ‘Human Development Index’ that focuses on Fill in the blanks with one
of the following options:
(A) life expectancy (B) gross enrolment ratio for three levels of schooling
(C) national income (D) All the above
ठमानि विकाऺ ऺॐचकां क वनन मं ऺॕ लख़गख़ं कॕ वकऺ तर कॕ आिार पर दॕ शख़ं क तॏलना करता ऻॖ ?
(A)वशषा का तर (B)वाय क त्थवत

(C)रवतयति आय (D)उपयॏषि ऺभ
15. Human Development Report is published by

(A) UNDP (B) World Bank
(C) IMF (D) WHO
मानि विकाऺ ररपख़्ष वकऺ ऺं्थान वारा रकावशत क जात ऻॖ ?
( (ऺंयॏि रा्र विकाऺ कायषिम ( (विव िंक

( (अंतराष ्र य मॏरा कख़ह (त)विव वाय ऺंगठन
16. In which year did the word ‘sustainable development’ come into existence?
A) 1992 B) 1978
C) 1980 D) 1987
'ऺतत विकाऺ' श वकऺ िहष अततव मं आया?
) 1992 ) 1978
) 1980 ) 1987
17. -Modern concept of sustainable development focuses more on

(A) Economic development (B) Social development
(C) Environmental protection (D) all of the above
. ऺतत विकाऺ क आिॏवनक अििारणा अविक कंवरत ऻॖ
( ) आवथषक विकाऺठठठठठठठठठठठठठठठठठठठठठठठठठ ( ) ऺामावजक विकाऺ
( ) पयाष िरण ऺंरषणठठठठठठठठठठठठठठठठठठठठठठठ (D). उपरख़ि ऺभ
18. -Sustainability Science is the study of the concepts of sustainable development and
___ .
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(A) Environmental science (B) General science
(C) Social science (D) Geo science
-ऺततता विञान ऺतत विकाऺ और _____ क अििारणाओं का अययन ऻॖ ।
( ) पयाष िरण विञानठठठठठठठठठठठठठठठठठठठठठठठठ ( ) ऺामा विञान
( ) ऺामावजक विञानठठठठठठठठठठठठठठठठठठठठठठ ( ) भॐ विञान
19. -Sustainable development can be thought of in terms of three spheres i.e.

(A) Environment, economy and society (B) Environment, economy and equity
(C) Environment, ecology and society (D) Environment, economy and ecology
ऺतत विकाऺ कख़ त न षॕरख़ं कॕ ऺंदभष मं माना जा ऺकता ऻॖ अथाष त।
( ) पयाष िरण, अथषयि्था और ऺमाजठठठठठठठठठठठठठठ( ) पयाष िरण, अथषयि्था और वऻसॕदार
( ) पयाष िरण, पाररत्थवतक और ऺमाजठठठठठठठठठठठठ ( ) पयाष िरण, अथषयि्था और पाररत्थवतक
20. Which of the following do not form part of a strategy of sustainable development?
A. Reliance more on organic farming
B. Reducing the use of personal vehicles and promoting public transport.
C. Safeguarding the habits of Indo genius communities flora and fauna
D. Not compromising on the needs of the present generation with respect to future
generations.
. वननवलतित मं ऺॕ कग़न ऺतत विकाऺ क रणन वत का वऻसा नऻ ं ऻॖ ?
) जॖविक िॕत पर अविक भरख़ऺा

) वनज िाऻनख़ं कॕ उपयख़ग कख़ कम करना और ऺािषजवनक पररिऻन कख़ िढािा दॕ ना।
) इं डख़ ज वनयऺ ऺमॏदायख़ं, िनपवतयख़ं और ज िख़ं क आदतख़ं क रषा करना
) भाि प वढयख़ं कॕ ऺंिंि मं ितषमान प ढ क जॺरतख़ं पर ऺमझग़ता नऻ ं करं ।
21. The ‘Agenda 21’ of Rio summit 1992 is related to:
(A)Sustainable development (B)Polluter pays principle
(C)Environmental education (D)Preservation of ozone layer
. ररयख़ वशिर ऺमॕलन 1992 का 'एजंडा 21' ऺंिंवित ऻॖ :
) ऺतत विकाऺठठठठठठठठठठठठठठठठठठठठठठठठठठठठठठठठठठठठठठठठठ ) रदॐ हक भॏगतान करता ऻॖ वऺधां त
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) पयाष िरण वशषाठठठठठठठठठठठठठठठठठठठठठठठठठठठठठठठठठठठठठठठठ ) ओजख़न परत का ऺंरषण
Q 22. Study the table and answer the following questions: -

Some comparative data on Haryana, Kerala and Bihar
State Infant Mortality Literacy Rate Net Attendance Ratio(per
Rate per 1000 %(2011) 100 person) Secondary
live births(2016) stage(age 14 to 15
years)2013-14
Haryana 33 82 61
Kerala 10 94 83
Bihar 38 62 43
राय वशशॏ म॑यॏ दर रवत ऺाषरता दर% (2011) शॏध उपत्थवत अनॏपात (रवत 100
1000 ज वित ज यति) मायवमक तर (उर 14 ऺॕ
(2016) 15 िहष) 2013-14
ऻररयाणा 33 82 61
कॕरल 10 94 83
विऻार 38 62 43
Q ( I.) In comparison to Kerala which state has the highest Infant Mortality rate.
(A) Bihar (B) Haryana
(C) Both A & B (D) None of the above
कॕरल क तॏलना मं वकऺ राय मं वशशॏ म॑यॏ दर ऺिऺॕ अविक ऻॖ ।
A विऻार B ऻररयाणा
C अ और ि दख़नख़ं D उपरख़ि मं ऺॕ कख़ई नऻ ं

Q.(II). Which state has the highest net attendance ratio.
(A) Haryana (b) Kerala
(c) Bihar (D) None of the above.
वकऺ राय का ऺिऺॕ अविक शॏध उपत्थवत अनॏपात ऻॖ ।
A ऻररयाणा B कॕरल
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C विऻार D उपरख़ि मं ऺॕ कख़ई नऻ ।ं
Q (III.) In comparison to Haryana which state has lowest literacy rate.
(A) Kerala (B) Bihar
(c) Both A & B (D) None of the above
ऻररयाणा क तॏलना मं वकऺ राय क ऺाषरता दर कम ऻॖ ।
A कॕरल B विऻार
C अ और ि दख़नख़ं D उपरख़ि मं ऺॕ कख़ई नऻ ं
Q.23 . Study the table and answer the questions that follows: -
Region/Country Reserves (2017) Numbers of years Reserves will
(Thousand million last
barrels)
Middle East 808 70
United States of America 50 10.5
World 1697 50.2
ाबल ा ा ् ं ब नबलब रनं त :ं
षॕर/दॕ श तॕल भंडार (2017) (ऻजार तॕल भंडार आरवषत ं
वमवलयन िॖरल)
मय पॐिष 808 70 ्ण
ऺंयॏि राय अमॕररका 50 10.5 ्ण
विव 1697 50.2 ्ण

Q (.I). For how many years will the reserves of the crude oil last in the Middle East, if they
continue extracting it at the present rate?
(A) 50 years (B) 10 years
(c) 70 years (D) 40 years
मय पॐिष मं क्ॕ तॕल का भंडार वकतनॕ िहं तक रऻॕ गा, यवद िॕ इऺॕ ितषमान दर ऺॕ वनकालना जार रितॕ ऻं ?
A िहष ढ िहष
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C िहष त िहष
Q.(II). Which region/country has lower reserves comparison to middle east.

(A) World (B) United States of America
(c) Both A & B (D) None of the above.
मय पॐिष क तॏलना मं वकऺ षॕर/दॕ श मं भंडार कम ऻॖ ।
(A) दॏ वनया (B) ऺंयॏि राय अमॕररका
(C) अ और ि दख़नख़ं (D) उपरख़ि मं ऺॕ कख़ई नऻ ।ं
Q. 24 Assertion and reason based MCQs
-----------------------------------------------
Directions :In the following questions a statement of assertion (A)is followed by a statement
of Reason (R)
Mark the correct choice as
(A)Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(B)Both A and R are are true but R is not the correct explanation of A
(C) A is true but R is false
By(D) A is false and R is true
वननवलतित र्ख़ं मं कथन कॕ िाद तकष कथन ऺऻ विकप कॕ ॺप मं वचतित ऻॖ
ऺऻ विकप कख़ वचवित करं
(A)Aऔर R दख़नख़ं ऺय ऻं और R, A क ऺऻ याया करता ऻॖ
(B) दख़नख़ं Aऔर R ऺय ऻं लॕवकन R, Aक ऺऻ याया नऻ ं ऻॖ
(C)A ऺऻ ऻॖ लॕवकन R गलत ऻॖ
(D) A गलत ऻॖ और R ऺऻ ऻॖ
(I) Assertion ( A) :Different people have the different development goals.
Reason ( R) people want freedom ;equality ;security and respect

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कथन-
अलग-अलग लख़गख़ं कॕ अलग-अलग विकाऺ कारण -लख़ग वतंरता ; ऺमानता ;ऺॏरषा और ऺमान चाऻतॕ ऻं
(II) Assertions (A) groundwater is an example of renewable resources
Reason( R) if we used more than what is being replenished by rain then we would be over
using these resources
कथन - भॐजल नि करण य ऺंऺािनख़ं का एक उदाऻरण ऻॖ
कारण- अगर ऻम भॐजल का अविक का उपयख़ग करतॕ ऻं तख़ ऻम इऺ ऺंऺािन कख़ िम कर दं गॕ
Answer Key (Question Bank) Multiple choice questions

Q.NO. ANSWER Q.NO. ANSWER
1 A 15 A
2 D 16 C
3 A 17 D
4 B 18 A
5 C 19 A
6 B 20 D
7 C 21 A
8 A 22 (I) C
9 C 22 (II) B
10 D 22 (III) B
11 D 23 (I) C
12 D 23 (II) B
13 D 24(I) A
14 D 24(II) A
CHAPTER 2 ECONOMICS
SECTORS OF THE INDIAN ECONOMY
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Primary Sector (AGRO BASED SECTOR) – It refers to the activities wherein goods are
produced by exploiting natural resources. It provides the basic raw materials for all secondary
production activities. Ex. Agriculture, forestry etc.
Secondary Sector (INDUSTRY BASED SECTOR) - It refers to the industrial activity that
involves the manufacturing process. Goods are produced in big factories using natural or synthetic
products as raw material. Ex.. Textile production, construction, automobile, manufacturing etc.
Tertiary Sector (SERVICE SECTOR)- Activities that supports the primary and secondary
sectors comes under Tertiary Sector. It provides services rather than goods and hence, it is also
called the service sector. Ex. Transportation, banking, health services etc.
GDP -The value of final goods and services produced in each sector during a particular year
provides the total production of the sector for that year. And the sum of production in the three
sectors gives what is called the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of a country. It is the value of all
final goods and services produced within a country during a particular year.
Growing Importance of Tertiary Sector
1. Increase in demand of basic services like transport, bank and insurance, educational
institutions etc due to growing population.
2. The development of agriculture and industry lead to the development of services such as
transport, trade, storage etc.
3. As income level rises, certain section of people started demanding many services like eating
out, tourism, private hospital etc.
4. Certain new services such as those based on information and communication technology
have become important and essential
Unemployment
A situation in which an individual want to do work, qualified for work but not able to get
appropriate work and remain free.
Types of Unemployment
1. Seasonal Unemployment - Seasonal unemployment occurs when people are

unemployed at particular times of the year when demand for labour is lower than usual.
Seasonal unemployment refers to a temporary window of time where the number of
available employment opportunities decreases.
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2. Disguised Unemployment. (Hidden Unemployment). - Underemployment is hidden in
contrast to someone who does not have a job and is clearly visible as unemployed. Hence, it
is also called disguised unemployment.
How to Create More Employment?

1. Diversification of Agriculture: ...
2. Cheap Credit: ...
3. Provision of basic facilities: ...
4. Promotion of local industries: ...
5. Improvement in Education & Health: ...
6. Tourism or regional craft industry, or new services like IT require proper planning and
support from the government.
Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act 2005 (MNREGA

2005)
MNREGA – 2005 (Main features) – from 1 April, 2008. It is called Mahtma Gandhi National Rural
Employment Guarantee Act 2005 (MNREGA 2005).
Under MNREGA 2005, 100 days assured employment to rural households under the right to
employment. Unemployment allowances in case of failure of Gov. its duty to provide
Unemployment allowance
DIVISION OF SECTORS AS ORGANISED AND UNORGANISED

Let us examine another way of classifying activities in the economy. This looks at the way people
are employed. What are their conditions of work? Are there any rules and regulations that are
followed as regards their employment?
Compare in organised sector and unorganised sector
Features of organised sector

1. Extra money is given in case of overtime.
2. An appointment letter is given stating terms of jobs at starting of job.
3. Employee cannot be fired for no reason.
4. Extra allowances are given.
5. Paid leaves are allotted.
Features of unorganised sector

1. There is no job security.
2. There is not regular job.
3. Workers are provided daily wages.
4. There are laws in this sector but are not followed.
5. When there is less work load then workers are asked to leave the job without any reason.
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How to Protect Workers in the Unorganised Sector?
1. The government can fix minimum wages.
2. The government should provide specific working hours.
3. The government can enact new laws on overtime and salary range.
4. Provide cheap loan with low interest.
5. Open small scale industry.
SECTORS IN TERMS OF OWNERSHIP : PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTORS
Public Sector
1. The government owns most of the assets and provides all the services.
2. The purpose of the public sector is not just to earn profit, but also to raise the welfare of the
economy.
3. Railways or post office is an example of the public sector.
Private Sector
1. Ownership of assets and delivery of services is in the hands of private individuals or
companies.
2. Activities in the private sector are guided by the motive to earn profit.
3. Tata Iron and Steel Company Limited or Reliance Industries Limited are privately owned.
Responsibilities of Government
There are a large number of activities which are the primary responsibility of the government.
Here, we have listed a few of them:
1. Government raises money through taxes and other ways to meet expenses on the
services rendered by it.
2. Governments have to undertake heavy spending such as the construction of roads,
bridges, railways, harbours, generating electricity, providing irrigation through dams,
etc. Also, it has to ensure that these facilities are available for everyone.
3. There are some activities, which the government has to support to encourage the
private sector to continue their production or business.
4. The government in )ndia buys wheat and rice from farmers at a fair price and sells at a
lower price to consumers through ration shops. In this way, it supports both farmers
and consumers.
5. Running proper schools and providing quality education, health and education facilities
for all are some of the duties of the government.
6. Government also needs to pay attention to aspects of human development such as
availability of safe drinking water, housing facilities for the poor and food and nutrition,
taking care of the poorest and most ignored regions of the country.
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ा णय ् ा षर
रा ब षर - ब ब ब ं ् ण ा ब ं रा ब ा ं ा ् ं ा
् ा क ा ा ा । ा् ब ् ा ब ब ब ं बल ब ा चा ाल र ा ा । Ex.
ब्, ाब ी क ।
बव षर - यब ब ब ब ् ण ा ब ंब ब ाण् रकि ा ाब ल । च ाल
ं रा ब ाह र ् ा ं ा ़ ा ा ं ं ाल ा ् ा क ा ा ा । Ex.. ़ा
् ा ,ब ाण्, ा ल, ब ब ाण् क ।
षर - रा ब बव षरं ा ण ाल ब ब ब ा षर ण ।ं
् ं ा ा र ा ा बल , ा षर ा ा ा । Ex. र , ंक , ् ा््
ा क ।
ल ल ् ा -क ब ् ्ण ा र् षर ं ् ाक ब ् ं ां ा ज ्ण
बल षर ा ल ् ा र ा ा । षरं ं ् ा ा क ा ल ल ् ा
( ) ला ा । ब ् ्ण ा क ् ाक ब ् ं ां ा
ज ।
ा ं रा ब , ा् ब षरं ल ा ं
षर ा ढ ा ्
1. ढ ् ा ा ् ब ा ां र , ं ा, षब् ् ा ं क ी ा ं
बध।
2. ब् य ब ा र , या ा , ा ् क ां ा ब ा ा । -
ा् ढ ा ,ल ं ं ा ा , ण ,ब ् ाल क ां ी
ा ा क ा।
3. ा ा ा रयब ी ार ा ् ्ण ं
ा
150
ब् ब ब ं यबि ा ा ा ा , ा बल ् लक ब ा ा ं ष ं
ि ा ।
ा र ा
1. ा - ा ल ्ण ब ् ा ं
र ी ा ा ा् । ा ी ् ा ब ़ ी ् ण
ा ल् ा ं ी ् ा ा ।
2. र् न ा । (ब ु ा )। - ा क यबि ब ब ु ब ा
ं ा ं् ट क ा ा । बल र् न ा
।ं
ब ा ा ं?
1. ब् ा ब ब ् :...
2. ् ा िब : ...
3. ल ब ां ा रा ा :...
4. ् ा य ं ढा ा :...
5. ब षा ् ा्् ं ा :...
6. ण ा षर ब ज य , ा ां बल ा ब ा ण ी
ा ।
ा् ा ा ार रा ् ा ा ब ब 2005 ( ा 2005)
ा - 2005 ( ् ब ् ा ) - 1 रल, 2008 । ा् ा ा ार रा ् ा ा ब ब
2005 ( ा 2005) ा ा ा ।
ा रा ् र ा ं ा ब ा क ं ा ा वा क ा।
ा ीब ल ा ा ल ं ा ता। ा ता ा ा य
ण
र र षरं ा ब ा
णय ् ा ं ब ब ब ं ी ् ी ा ं। ल ं ा
ा ा ल ा । ा ी ं् ा ?
ं ् ा ा ं ब ब ब ं
ब ा ाल क ा ा ा ?
र षर
1. रब ा च ा ल ।ं
2. र षर ं ा ।ं
3. र षर ण ार ं ा ण ब ा ा र ा क ा ।ं
4. र षर ा ा ं वा ा ा क ा-ब े ं ा ाल ा ।
151
5. रब ं ् र ा ् ं बल ब षा ् ा्् ब ां ा ब ल ा
।
6. रब ं बष ब ् क ा ।
7. ब र षर ब ब ा र ा ।ं
र षर
1. बल ा ं ा क रब ं ु ब ल ।
2. ा ं ।ं
3. षर ं ा ाल रब ं ा ण ब ा ा ् र ा ी रि ा ं
ा ।ं
4. ोच ा ब ा र षर ा ा ब बर ं ा ।
5. ब ा, , ब र ि र ा ंक ा ा।
6. रब ं ा ब ् बष ।
7. षर ं ब ब ा / ी ा ं ।
र षर रब ं ी षा ं?
1. ा ् ।
2. ा ब ब ट ा ण र ा ाब ।
3. ा ा ा ा ा ।
4. ् ा ् ा ण ल् ा ।
् ाब ् ा ल ं षर: ा ण ब ब षर
ा ण ब षर
1. ा बत ी ाबल ा र ा ।
2. ा ण ब षर ा द ल ला ् ण ा , बज णय ् ा ल ा ज ा् ा
।
3. ल ा ा ा ण ब षर ा ् ।
ब यबि ं ा ब ं ा ।
1. बत ा ् ाब ् ब ल ा
2. ब षर ं ब ब ब ा ला ा द ब बे ।ं
3. ा ा ् ल बलब ा र ला ्र बलब ब ् ाब ् ाल ।
ा ीब ् ार ा
152
़ ् ा ं ब ब ब ा ं ा ी रा ब ब ् ा ।ं ा, ं धक ा :
1. ा वा ा र ा ी ा ाल ां ण ा बल ं ् ं
ा ।
2. ा ं ़ ं, लं, ल , ा ं ब ाण्, ब ल ा , ा ं ा् ह ा ल्
ा क ा ण ़ ।ं ा , ब बि ा ा क ब ा बल
ल् ं।
3. ब ब ब ा ,ं ब ा ा ब षर ा ् ा ाय ा ा बल
र ् ाब बल ण ा ़ ा ।
4. ा ं ा क ा ं ' ब ज ' ह ा ल ा ी ा ं ा्
िां ी । , क ा ं िां ं ा ण ा ।
5. बल ् ता ्ण ब षा, ् ा्् ब षा ब ा र ा ा ा णय ।ं
6. ा ा ब ा लं ् ा ी बष ल ी ल् ा,
ं बल ा ब ा ््, बष षरं ी
ाल ा।
Multiple choice questions
Q.1. The production of a good by exploiting natural resources are covered in which sector
(A) Primary sector (B) Secondary sector
(C)Tertiary sector (D)None of the above
Q .2 Which sector covers activities in which natural products are changed into other forms.
(C) Tertiary sector (D)None of the above
Q.3. Making of sugar from sugarcane is an example of which sector.

(C) Tertiary sector (D)None of the above
Q.4. The other name of secondary sector is

(A) Industrial sector (B) Agriculture sector
(C) Service sector (D) None of the above
Q.5. Transportation, storage, communication, banking, trade are the examples of which sector?
(C) Tertiary sector (D) None of the above
Q.6. The goods that are used up in producing final goods and services are called-
(A) Intermediate goods (B) Final goods
(C) Between goods (D) None of the above
153
Q.7. The value of all final goods and services produced within the country during a particular year
is called-
(A) GDP (B) PDS
(C) ADP (D) GVP
Q.8. At initial stages of development which sector was the most important sector of economic
activity?
Q.9. In the past hundred years which sector becomes the most important in the term of total
production?
Q.10. What is the full form of GDP?
(A) Gross domestic products (B) Gross daily products
(C) Gross domestic packets (D) Gross daily packets
Q11. Which sector has emerged as the largest producing sector in India?
(C) Tertiary sector (D) Science and Technology sector
Q12. What is the full form of MNREGA?
(A) Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Government Act
(B) Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Education Guarantee Act
(C) Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act
(D) Mahatma Gandhi National Rozgaar Employment Guarantee Act
Q13. The situation in which more persons are employed than required is known as –
(A) Disguised unemployment (B) Seasonal unemployment
(C) Technical unemployment (D) Educational unemployment
Q14. What is the main objective of public sector enterprises?
(A) Entertainment (B) Profit making
(C) Social welfare (D) None of the above
Q15. Mahatma Gandhi NationalRural Employment Guarantee Act 2005 has guaranteed ………. days
of employment in a year
(A) 50 days (B) 100 days
(C) 150 days (D) 200 days
Q16. Which of the following examples does not fall under unorganized sector?
(A) A farmer irrigating his field.
(B) A daily wage laborers working for a contractor.
(C) A doctor in a hospital treating a patient.
(D) A handloom weaver working on a loom in her house.
Q17. Which of the following is not applicable for a worker, who works in the organised sector?
(A) Regular salary at the end of the month
(B) No paid leave
154
(C) Medical allowance
(D) An appointment letter stating the terms and conditions of work
Q18. Planning commission is renamed as ___________
(A) NITI aayog (B) Jan aayog
(C) Yojana vibhag (D) Vikas aayog
Q19. Why is the tertiary sector becoming so important in India?
(A) Basic services are provided by the government.
(B) Agriculture and industrial development leads to the development of services
(C) Rise in income leads to more demand
(D) All of the above
Q20. Which sector continues to be the largest employer in India even now.
Q21. .Find the odd one
Postman, cobbler, solider, police constable
(A) Postman (B) Cobbler
(C) Solider (D) Police constable
Q22. How do Big private companies contribute in the development of the nation?
(A) By increasing the demands of their products through advertisement.
(B) By increasing their profits.
(C) By increasing productivity of the country in the manufacturing of industrial goods.
(D) By providing private hospital facility for the rich.
Q23. .What are the groups of classification of an economy called?
(A) Sectors (B) Centres
(C) Types (D) Categories
Q 24. . The task of measuring GDP is undertaken by the.
(A) Central government. (B) Local government
(C) Provincial government (D) All of the above
Q25. Which among the following is a feature of unorganised sector?

(A) Fixed number of working hours.
(B) Paid holidays
(C) Employment is insecure.
(D) Registered with the government.
Q26. Places of work which follow rules and regulations are termed as.
(A) Organised sector (B) Unorganised sector
(C) Tertiary sector (D) Government sector.
Q27. The sector in which the productive units are owned, maintained and managed by
government.
(A) Organised sector. (B) Primary sector.
(C) Public sector. (D) Industrial sector
Q28. Public health is responsibility of.
155
(A) Primary sector. (B) Government sector.
(C) Private sector (D) None of these.
Q29. A Labourer working under a contractor is, in which type of sector?
(A) Public sector (B) Unorganised sector.
(C) Service sector. (D) None of these.
Q30. In terms of ownership, enterprises, owned by individuals are known as....
(A) Public sector (B) Primary sector.
(C) Unorganised sector. (D) Private sector.
Assertion –Reason Questions

Directions: In the following questions, A statement of Assertion (A)is followed by a
statement of Reason (R). Mark the correct choice as-
A. Both A and R true and R is the correct explanation of A.
B. Both A and R true and R is not the correct explanation of A.
D. A is false and R is true.
Q.1 Assertion (A): Under MGNERGA 2005, those who are able to, and are in need to work in rural
areas are guaranteed 100 days of employment in a year.
Reason (R) The Central government in India made a law implementing the Right to work in about
625 districts of India.
Q.2 Assertion (A): In India, over the forty years between 1973-74 and 2013-14, while production
in all the three sectors has increased, it has increased the most in the tertiary sector.
Reason (R): Tertiary sector is the only organized sector in the economy so the government spends
a lot of money for creating jobs in tertiary sector.
Q.3 Assertion (A): A Reliance industry is a privately owned firm.
Reason (R): Government is a major stakeholder in Reliance industry.
Q.4 Assertion (A): The government of India buys wheat and rice from farmers at a fair price.
Reason (R): Public Sector contributes to the economic development.
Q.5 Assertion (A): Repair persons and daily wage earners are not very productive in tertiary
sector.
Reason (R): Repair persons and daily wage earners are unskilled, therefore they are mostly
unemployed on short – term basis.
Q.6 Assertion (A): Since the 1890s, it is also common to see a large number of workers losing
their jobs in the organised sector.
Reason (R): These workers are forced to take up jobs in the unorganised sector with low earnings.
Q.7 Assertion (A): The organised sector is characterised by small and scattered units which are
largerly outside the control of the government.
Reason (R): There are rules and regulations but these are followed.
Q.8 Assertion (A): The unorganised sector offers jobs that are the most sought- after.
156
Reason (R): But the employment opportunities in the organised sector have been expanding very
slow.
Q.9 Assertion (A): The value of final goods already includes the value of all the intermediate
goods that are used in making the final good.
Reason (R): The value of final goods and services produced in each sector during a particular year
provides the total production of the sector for the next two years.
Q.10 Assertion (A): Not every good or service that is produce and sold needs to be counted to
know the total production in each sector.
Reason (R): The value of final goods already includes the value of all the intermediate goods
Answers:-
Multiple Choice Questions
1. A 2. B 3. B 4. A 5. C 6. A 7. A 8. A 9. C 10.A
11.C 12.C 13.A 14. C 15.B 16.C 17.B 18.A 1 9.D 20.A
21.B 22. C 23.A 24.A 25.C 26.B 27.C 28.B 29.B 30.D
Assertion and Reason

1 (A) Both A and R true and R is the correct explanation of A.
2 (C) A is true but R is false.
4 (B) Both A and R true and R is not the correct explanation of A.
6 (D) A is false and R is true.
8 (D) A is false and R is true.
ा णय ् ा षर
ुब ज रन
रन . रा ब ा ं क ् ा ् ा क षर ं ा ?
( ) रा ब षर ( ) बव षर
( ) षर ( ) ि ं ं
रन . ा षर ब ब ब ं ाब ल ा ब ं रा ब ् ा ं ् ं ं लक ा
ा ा ?
157
( ) षर ( ) ि ं ं
रन . न ा ाक षर ा ा ् ?
( ) षर ( ) ि ं ं
रन . बव षर ा ा ा
( ) यब षर ( ) ब् षर
( ) ा षर ( ) ि ं ं
रन . र , ा ्, ा , ंक , या ा क षर ा ् ?
ं
( ) षर ( ) ि ं ं
रन . ् ब ा ब ् ं ां ् ा ंक ा ा ा , ला -ं
( ) ् ी ् ( ) ब ्
( ) ी ् ( ) ि ं ं
रन . क ब ् ्ण ं र् षर वा ा ् ाक ब ् ं ां ा ज ला ा -
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
रन . ब ा रा ब ्ं ं ा षर ् ण ब ब ब ा ् ्ण षर ा?
( ) षर ( ) ि ं ं
रन . ब ल ्ं ं ल ् ा ी बट ा षर ् ्ण ा ?
( ) षर ( ) ि ं ं
रन . ा ल ण् ा ?
( ) ल ल ् ा ( ) ल ब ् ा
( ) ल ल ( ) ल ब
रन . ा ं ा षर ़ ् ा षर ं ा ?
158
( ) रा ब षर ( ) ा् ब षर
( ) षर ( ) ब ञा रयब ी षर
रन ा. ा ा ा ् ा ?
( ) ा् ा ा ार रा ् ा ा ब ब
( ) ा् ा ा ार रा ् ब षा ा ब ब
( ) ा् ा ा ार रा ् ा ा ब ब
( ) ा् ा ा ार ़ ा ा ब ब
रन . ब् ब ब ं ा ब यबि ं ब ब क ा ा ा , _________ ला -
( ) र् न ा ( ) ा
( ) ी ा ( ) बष ा
रन . ा ण ब षर य ं ा ् द ् ा ?
( ) ( ) ला ा ा
( ) ा ाब ज ा् ( ) ि ं ं
रन . ा् ा ा ार रा ् ा ा ब ब 2005 ्ण ं ा
______ क ी ा /
( ) 50क ( ) 100क
( ) 150क ( ) 200क
रन . ब नबलब ं ा ा ् र षर ण ं ा ?
( ) क ा ीह ा ा ।
( ) ा बल ा ाला क ा़ ।
( ) ा ् ाल ं ् ा ला ा ।
( ) ा ं ा ।
रन . ब नबलब ं र षर ं ा ाल ा ण ाण बल ला ं ा ?
( ) ंब ब ( ) ा ि ं
( ) ब क ् ा ता ( ) ा ब ं ं ा ु ब बि र।
रन ा. ा ा ल ___________ क ा ा |
( ) ब ( )
159
( ) ाब ा ( )ब ा
रन . षर ा ं ा ् ्ण ् ं ा ा ा ?
( ) ा वा ा ब ा ा र ा ी ा ।ं
( ) ब् यब ब ा ां ब ा ी ा ा
( ) ं बध ब ा
( ) ि
रन . ा ं ा षर ़ा ा र ा ा ।
( ) रा ब षर ( ) ा् ब षर
( ) षर ( ) ि ं ं
रन . ल ा
ाक ा , ,ब ा , बल ब ा
( ) ाक ा ( )
( )ब ा ( ) बल ब ा
रन ार ब ाण् ं ब ब ा ा ?
ब ञा ा् ् ा ं ी ा ढा ।( )
ं बध । ला( )
यब ् ं ब ाण् ं ी ् ा ा ढा ।( )
ं बल ब ् ाल ी ब ार ा ।( )
रन णय ् ा ी ् ं ् ा ा ा ा ?
( ) ् ण ( ) ंर
( )र ा ( ) रब् ा
रन . GDP ा ा ा णक वा ा क ा ा ा
( ) ंर ा ( )् ा ा
( ) रा ा ( ) ि
रन . ब नबलब ं र षर ी ब ् ा ?
( ) ा ं ी ब बि ् ा।( ) ा
ा ा ।( ) ा बष ।( )
रन .ब ं ब ब ं ा ाल ाल ा ण ् ल ला ।ं
र षर।( ) र षर ( )
ा षर।( ) षर।( )
160
रन . षर ब ं ् ा ा ा ा ् ाब ् ।ं ा र,
रा ब षर। ( ) र षर। ( )
यब षर। ( ) ा ण ब षर। ( )
रन ा ण ब ् ा्् ीब ् ा ।
( ) रा ब षर ी । ा षर( ) ी।
ब षर ( ) ी। ं ं।( )
रन . ा ा ाला क र ा षर ं ?
( ) ा ण ब षर। र षर। ( )
ं ं।( ) ा षर। ( )
रन . ् ाब ् ण ं.... यबि ं ् ाब ् ाल य ं ा ा ा ,
( ) ा ण ब षर।रा ब षर।( )
ब ( ) र षर( ) षर
ब ा ् ार MCQ
ब े : ब नबलब रनं ं, ब (A) ा ा ् (R) ा क ा ा । ब ज ं
ब बन ं-
(A) ं ं ी या् ा ।
(B) ं ं ी या् ा ं ।
(C) लक ल ।
(D) ल ।
Q.1 ब ( ): ा 2005 , रा ् षरं ं ा ं ष ं, ् ं ्ण ं 100
क ं ा ी ा ा ।
ा ् (R) ा ं ंर ा ा ल ब लं ं ा ब ा ला ु
ा ा ा।
Q.2 ब (A): ा ं, 1973-74 2013-14 ाल ्ं ं, क ं षरं ं ् ा ं
बध ु , षर ं ब ढा ।
161
ा ् (R) : णय ् ा ं षर ार र षर बल ा षर ं ा
ब बल ु ब ण ।
Q.3 ब (A): र ला य ब ् ाब ् ाल ण ।
ा ् (R) : ा र ला य ं र ब ा ।
Q.4 ब (A): ा ा क ा ं ब ज ह ा ल ।
ा ् (R) : ा ण ब षर ् ण ब ा ं ा ा ।
Q.5 ब (A): षर ं ् ाल ब ु ् ा ं ।ं
ा ् (R): ् ाल ब ल ं, बल ् ा ा ज ाबल ा
ा ।ं
Q.6 ब (A): 1890 , र षर ं ़ ् ा ं रब ं ु ा
ा ।
ा ् (R) : रब ं ा र षर ं बल क ा ा ा ।
Q.7 ब (A): र षर ी ब ् ा ब ु ा ा ं ़ ा ा ब र्
ा ।ं
ा ् (R) : ब ब ब ं लक ा ाल क ा ा ा ।
Q.8 ब (A) र षर र ार ा ा ब ी ब ा ।
ा ् (R) : लक र षर ं ा ं ाब ् ा ु ब ा ।
Q.9 ब (A) : ब ाल ज ं ल ् ी ् ं ा ज ाब ल ा ब ा
ब ् ा ंक ा ा ा ।
ा ् (R) : क ब ् ्ण ा र् षर ं ् ाक ब ् ं ां ा ज ल
्ं बल षर ा ल ् ा र ा ा ।
Q.10 ब (A): र् षर ं ल ् ा ा बल ् ाक ा ाल र् ् ा
ा ब ा ा ा ं ।
ा ् (R) : ब ाल ज ं ल ् ी ् ं ा ज ाब ल ा ।
ु त रनं त
त :1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20.
162
21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30.
ब ा ् ार त
Q.1 (A) A R ं ं R, A ी या् ा ।
Q.2 (C) लक ल ।
Q.3 (C) लक ल ।
Q.4 (B) A R ं ं R, A ी या् ा ं ।
Q.5 (A) A R ं ं R, A ी या् ा ।
Q.6 (D) A ल R ।
Q.7 (C) लक ल ।
Q.8 (D) A ल R ।
Q.9 (C) लक ल ।
Q.10(A) A R ं ं R, A ी या् ा ।
SAMPLE QUESTION PAPER

2021-22 TERM-1
CLASS X SOCIAL SCIENCE CODE 087
TIME-90 MINUTES MM-40M

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
General Instructions:
1. The Question Paper contains four sections.
2. Section A has 24 questions. Attempt any 20 questions.
3. Section B has 22 questions. Attempt any 18 questions.
4. Section C has 12 questions (Case based). Attempt any 10 questions.
5. Section D contains 2 Map based questions. Attempt both the questions.
6. All questions carry equal marks.
7. There is no negative marking.
163
SECTION – A
(Attempt any 20 out of 24 questions)
1. When was the first clear expression of nationalism noticed in Europe?
(A) 1787
(B) 1789
(C) 1759
(D) 1769
यूर प मं रर्रवरद की ्प्ट अलभ्यज्त सवारथम ककस वषा मं हुई ?
(अ ) 1787
(ब) 1789
(स) 1759
(द) 1769
2. Which region is ruled over by The (absburg Empire ?
(A) Austria-Hungary
(B) France-Netherlands
(C) Spain-Portugal
(D) Scotland- Ireland
नन्न मं स क नस रदश "ह््बगा सररर्य" ्वररर शरलसत थ ?
(अ ) औज्रयर-हगरी
(ब) ्रस-नीडलं्स
(स) ्पन-पत
ु ग
ा रल
(द) ्कॉटलंड- आयरलंड
164
3. Which among the following best signifies the idea of liberal nationalism of 19th century
Europe?
(A) Emphasis on social justice

(B) State planned socio-economic system
(C) Freedom for individual and equality before law
(D) Supremacy of State oriented nationalism
नन्न म स क नसर 19वी शतर्दी क यूर प म उदरर रर्रवरद कर सबस अ्छर रतीक ह?
(अ ) सरमरजिक ्यरय पर ि र
(ब) रर्य ्वररर ननिराररत सरमरजिक -आचथाक ्यव्थर
(स) ्यज्तगत ्वतरतर और करनून क समि समरनतर
(द) रर्य मुखी रर्रवरद कर रभु्व
4. Who among the following formed the secret society called Young )taly ?
(A) Otto Von Bismark

(B) Duke Matternich
(C) Johann Gottfried Herder
(D) Giuseppe Mazzini
"यग इटली " नरमक गु्त समरि की ्थरपनर नन्न म स ककसक ्वररर की गयी थी?
(अ ) ओट वॉन रब्मरका
(ब) ्यूक म्टनीि
(स) ि ह्न ग ््फ़रएडहडार
(द) चगउस्प म्िीनी
5. Which of the following countries is considered as the Cradle of Civilisation ?
(A) England
(B) Greece
(C) France
(D) Russia
नन्न मं स ककस दश क स्यतर कर उ्गम ्थल कहर िरतर ह ?
165
(अ ) इगलंड
(ब) रीस
(स) ्रस
(द) स
6. Which of the following is a type of millet rich in iron, calcium, other micronutrients and
roughage ?
(A) Wheat (B) Rice

(C) Tea (D) Ragi
नन्न मं स क नसर एक रकरर कर म टर अनरि ह जिसम आइरन , कज्सयम,अ्य सू्म प षकत्व

और िरर की अचिकतर ह ती ह?
(अ ) गहू (ब) िरवल
(स) िरय (द) ररगी
7. The ocean resource beyond nautical miles is called……………?
Choose the correct option:
(A) Exclusive Economic Zone
(B) Export Economic Zone
(C) Executive Economic Zone
(D) None of the above
सरमुहिक ससरिन ि 200 नॉहटकल मरइ्स क पर ह, ....................कहलरतर ह ?
(अ) ववलश्ट आचथाक िर
(ब) ए्सप टा आचथाक िर
(स) एज्सककहटव आचथाक िर
166
(द) उपर ्त म स क ई नही
8. Which of the following soil is more common in Piedmont plains such as Duars, Chos and
Terai?
(A) Black Soil (B)Laterite Soil

(C) Alluvial Soil (D) Red Soil
नन्न मं स क नसी मद र र अचिकरशत: पीए्म ट मदरन िस की ्वरर, ि स तथर तररई िर म परयी
िरती ह ?
(अ ) करली मद
र र
(ब) लटररइत मद
र र
(स) कछररी मद
र र
(द) लरल मद
र र
9. The running water cuts through the clayey soils and makes deep channels are called?
(A) Bad land (B) Gullies

(C) Deltas (D)None of these
बहतर हुआ परनी चिकनी लम्टी क करटतर ह और गहर नरल बनरतर ह, व नरल ्यर कहलरत हं?
(अ) बड लं (ब) नरली
(स) ड्टर (द) उपर ्त म स क ई नही
10. Which of the following is an example of Cultivable Wasteland?
(A) Gross cropped area (B) Uncultivated land

(C) Barren wasteland (D) Current fallowland
नन्नललखखत मं स क न करवष य ्य बिर भलू म कर उदरहरण ह?
167
(अ) सकल फसली िर (ब)बिर भूलम
(स) बिर बिर भलू म (द) वतामरन परती भलू म
11. The term Eelam stands for

(A) government (B) state
(C) country (D) political party
ईलम (Eelam) श्द कर अथा ह
(अ) सरकरर (ब) रर्य
(स) दश (द) ररिनीनतक दल
12. A system of checks and balances is another name for which one of the following power-
sharing arrangements:
(A) Power sharing among different social groups.
(B) Vertical division of power or power shared among different levels of government.
(C) Horizontal division of power or power shared among different organs of the
government.
(D) Power sharing in the form of political parties, pressure groups and governments.
'िक एड बलंस' की एक रणरली दस

ू रर नरम ह जिसक ललए नन्नललखखत मं स एक शज्त-सरझरकरण
्यव्थर ह:
(अ) ववलभ्न सरमरजिक समह

ू क बीि सिर कर बटवररर।
(ब) सरकरर क ववलभ्न ्तर क बीि सरझर शज्त यर शज्त कर लबवत ववभरिन।
(स) सरकरर क ववलभ्न अग क बीि सरझर सिर यर शज्त कर िनति ववभरिन।
(द) ररिनीनतक दल , दबरव समह

ू और सरकरर क प मं सिर कर बटवररर।
168
13. Power sharing is:
(A) the very spirit of democracy
(B) separation of powers at different levels.
(C) system of checks and balances.
(D) a type of balancing powers.
शज्त सरझरकरण (परवर शयररग) ह:
(अ) ल कतर की भरवनर
(ब) ववलभ्न ्तर पर शज्तय कर पथ

र ्करण।
(स) िक और बलंस की रणरली।
(द) सतुलन शज्तय कर एक रकरर।
14. How many times was the Constitution of Belgium amended between 1970 and 1993?
(A) Two times (B) Three times
(C) Five times (D) Four times
1970 और 1993 क बीि बज्ियम क सवविरन मं ककतनी बरर सश िन ककयर गयर?
(अ) द बरर (ब) तीन बरर
(स) परि बरर (द) िरर बरर
15. In which list does agriculture and irrigation falls?
(A) State list (B) Union List
(C) Concurrent List (D) Both (1) and (2)
करवष और लसिरई ककस सि

ू ी मं आतर ह?
(अ) रर्य सूिी (ब) सघ सूिी
(स) समवती सूिी (द) द न (1) और (2)
16. Which Constitutional Amendments implement Rural and Urban democracy in India?
(A) 52nd and 46th Amendment (B) 73r and 74th Amendment
169
(C) 42nd and 64th Amendment (D) 72th and 73rd Amendment
क न स सविरननक सश िन भररत मं ररमीण और शहरी ल कतर क लरगू करत हं?
(अ) ५२वर और ४ँवर सश िन (ब) ं३वर और ं४वर सश िन
(स) ४२वर और ँ४वर सश िन (द) ं२वर और ं३वर सश िन
17. Identify the type of government for which Tamilians were fighting in Shri Lanka?
(A) Unitary government (B) Federal
(C) Tyrant (D) Community
्ीलकर मं ककस रकरर की सरकरर क ललए पररवरर लड रह थ, इसकी पहिरन करं ?
(अ) एकर्मक सरकरर (ब) सघीय
(स) तरनरशरह (द) समुदरय
18. Organization that publishes Human Development Report is
(A) UNESCO (B) WHO
(C) UNDP (D) FICCI
मरनव ववकरस ररप टा रकरलशत करन वरलर सगठन ह
(अ) यन
ू ्क (ब) क न
(स) यूएनडीपी (द) कफ्की
19. Comparison of countries on the basis education, health, and per capita income is
(A) BME (B) HDL
(C) BMI (D)HDI
लशिर, ्वर््य और रनत ्यज्त आय क आिरर पर दश की तुलनर ह
(अ) बीएमई (ब) एिडीएल
(स) बीएमआई (द) एिडीआई
170
20. Kerala has low Infant Mortality rate because
(A) It has good climatic conditions
(B) it has adequate infrastructure
(C) it has adequate provision of basic health and education facilities
(D) None of these
करल मं लशशु म्र यु दर कम ह ्य कक
(अ) इसकी िलवरयु अ्छी ह
(ब) इसक परस पयरा्त बुननयरदी ढरिर ह
(स) इसमं बुननयरदी ्वर््य और लशिर सुवविरओ कर पयरा्त ररविरन ह
(द) इनम स क ई नही
21. Development of the country can be generally be determined by
(A) It's per capita income (B) it's average literacy rate
(C) Health status of it's people (D) All of above
दश कर ववकरस सरमर्यतः ककसक ्वररर ननिराररत ककयर िर सकतर ह?
(अ) यह रनत ्यज्त आय ह (ब) यह औसत सरिरतर दर ह
(स) इसक ल ग की ्वर््य ज्थनत (द) उपर ्त सभी
22. Suitable measures to compare economic development of two countries is:
(A) Gross Domestic Product (B) Gross National Product
(C) Individual income (D) Per capita income
द दश क आचथाक ववकरस की तुलनर करन क ललए उपयु्त उपरय हं:
(अ) सकल घरलू उ्परद (ब) सकल रर्रीय उ्परद
(स) ्यज्तगत आय (द) रनत ्यज्त आय
171
23. The motive of public sector enterprises is:
(A) Profit making (B) Entertainment
(C) Social welfare and security (D) None of the above
सरवािननक िर क उ्यम कर उ्द्य ह:
(अ) लरभ कमरनर (ब) मन रिन
(स) सरमरजिक क्यरण और सरु िर (द) उपर ्त मं स क ई नही
24. Find the odd one out
(A) MTML (B) Tata Indicom
(C) Airtel (D) Vodafone
ववषम कर पतर लगरए
(अ) एिटीएमएल (ब) टरटर इ्डकॉम
(स) एयरटल (द) व डरफ न
SECTION – B
172
.
Which of the following aspect best signifies this image of Germania?
(A) Heroism and Justice (B) Folk and Cultural Tradition
(C) Austerity and Asceticism (D) Revenge and Vengeance
नन्नललखखत मं स क न सर पहलू िमेननयर की इस छवव क सवोिम प स दशरातर ह?
(अ) वीरतर और ्यरय (ब) ल क और सर्करनतक परपरर
(स) तप्यर और तप्यर (द) बदलर और रनतश ि
26. State whether True or False
Frederic Sorrieu was a philosopher.
बतरए कक सही ह यर गलत
्डररक स ररयू एक दरशाननक थ। _____________
27. Who was responsible for the Unification of Germany ?
(A) Bismarck (B) Garibaldi
(C) Cavour (D) Mazzini
िमानी क एकीकरण क ललए क न जि्मदरर थर?
(अ) रब्मरका (ब) गरीबर्डी
173
(स) कवूर (द) मजिन
28. Which one of the following is NOT true regarding the Civil Code of 1804
(A) Equality before the law

(B) Universal Adult franchise
(C) Right to Property
(D) No Privileges based on birth
1804 क नरगररक सहहतर क सबि मं नन्नललखखत मं स क न सर स्य नही ह
(अ) करनून क समि समरनतर
(ब) सरवाभ लमक वय्क मतरचिकरर
(स) सपवि कर अचिकरर
(द) ि्म पर आिरररत क ई ववशषरचिकरर नही
29. …………………………….. use of resources by human being led to many problems.
(A) ……… Sustained (B) Indiscriminate

(C) Uneven (D) None of these
…………………………………….. मरनव ्वररर ससरिन क उपय ग क कररण कई सम्यरए हुं।
(अ) ननरतर (ब) अिरिि

ु
(स) असमरन (द) इनमं स क ई नही
30. Resources obtained from nature and have life are called as ………….
(A) Biotic resource (B) Abiotic resource
(C) i and ii both (D) None of these
रकरनत स रर्त और िीवन वरल ससरिन क ……… कहर िरतर ह।
(अ) िववक ससरिन (ब) अिववक ससरिन
(स) i और ii द न (द) इनमं स क ई नही
174
31. Power sharing is desirable because it…
(A) Helps the people of different communities to celebrate their festivals .

(B) Imposes the will of the majority community on others
(C) Reduces the conflict between social groups
(D) Ensures the stability of political order
सिर कर बटवररर / सिर की सरझदररी वरछनीय ह ्य कक यह…
(अ) ववलभ्न समुदरय क ल ग क उनक ्य हरर मनरन मं मदद करतर ह।
(ब) बहुस्यक समुदरय की इ्छर दस

ू र पर थ पनर
(स) सरमरजिक समूह क बीि सघषा क कम करतर ह
(द) ररिनीनतक ्यव्थर की ज्थरतर सुननज्ित करतर ह
32. In which of the following countries principle of Majoritarianism led to civil war?
(A) India (B) Sri Lanka (C) Nepal (D)Belgium
नन्नललखखत मं स ककस दश मं बहुस्यकवरद क लस्िरत क कररण गह

र यु्ि हुआ?
(अ) भररत (ब) ्ीलकर (स) नपरल (द) बज्ियम
33. Belgians adapted a power sharing arrangement in which all the communities have equal
representation. This helped in relieving tension between the different communities. Thus
they did not favour am/ particular community. Both the assertion and reason are false.
Assertion(A) : French speaking community in Belgium was rich and powerful.
Reason(R) : Belgian Government favoured French speaking community.
(A) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(B) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(C) A is true but R is false.
(D) A is false but R is true
(अ) A और R द न स्य हं और R , A की सही ्यर्यर ह।
(ब) A और R द न स्य हं लककन R, A की सही ्यर्यर नही ह।
(स) A स्य ह लककन R अस्य ह।
175
(द) A अस्य ह लककन R स्य ह
34. Match the following items given in column A with those in column B
Column A Column B
I State list 1 Defence
Ii Union list 2 Police
Iii Concurrent list 3 Computer Software
Iv Residuary subjects 4 Education
Choose the correct answer from the option given below.
A. I -2, ii -1, iii -4, iv -3
B. I -3, ii -4, iii -2, iv -1
C. I -2, ii -4, iii -1, iv -3
D. I -3, ii -1, iii -2, iv -4
कॉलम अ मं हदए गए नन्नललखखत ्त्भ क कॉलम ब मं हदए गए ्त्भ स सुमललत करं :
्त्भ अ ्त्भ ब
I रर्य सूिी 1.रिर
II सघ सूिी 2.पुललस
III समवती सूिी 3.क््यूटर सॉ्टवयर
IV अवलश्ट ववषय 4.लशिर
नीि हदए गय ववक्प मं स सही उिर कर ियन कर-
अ. I -2, ii -1, iii -4, iv -3
ब. I -3, ii -4, iii -2, iv -1
स. I -2, ii -4, iii -1, iv -3
176
द. I -3, ii -1, iii -2, iv -4
35. Indian official language is-
(a) Hindi (B) English (C) Urdu (D) None of these
भररतीय ररिभरषर ह
(अ) हहदी (ब) अरगी (स) उदा ू (द) इनम स क ई नही
36. Identify the level of Indian Government with the help of the following information .
. People directly participate in decision- making.
. It helps in the decentralization of power.
. One- third seats are reserved for women.
Select he appropriate option from the following.
A. Central Government
B. State Government
C. Panchayati Raj
D. None of these
नन्नललखखत िरनकररी की सहरयतर स पहिरननए की क न सर भररतीय सरकरर कर ्तर ह-
. ल ग सीि ननणाय लन मं भरग लत ह
. यह शज्त क ववकंिीकरण मं मदद करतर ह
. एक -नतहरई सीटं महहलरओ क ललय आरषित ह
नन्नललखखत मं स उपयु्त ववक्प कर ियन कर:
अ. कंि सरकरर
ब. रर्य सरकरर
177
स. पिरयती ररि
द. इनम स क ई नही
37 Which of following options prove that India is a holding together federation?

.
I. A large country decides to divide its power between states and central government.
II The central government is always more power than the regional states.
III The states and central have equal powers.
IV Some units have special powers.
Options:
A. I, III & IV
B. I, II & IV
C. I & II Only
D. III & IV Only
नन्न मं स क नसर ववक्प यह सररबत करतर ह कक सघवरद
I बड दश सिर ववभरिन क्ि व रर्य क म्य ननणाय लत ह .
II कंि सरकरर क परस हमशर रर्य सरकरर स अचिक शज्तयर ह ती ह.
III कंि एव रर्य सरकरर क म्य बररबर शज्तयर ह ती ह.
IV कुछ इकरइय क परस ववशष शज्तयर ह.
ववक्प
1) I, III & IV
24) I, II & IV
स) I & II Only
18) III & IV Only
178
38 Identify the correct statement/s about the reasons for Decentralization in he context of
. India.
I. Local people have better knowledge of local problems.

II. Local people have better ideas of where to spend money more effectively.
III. No seats are reserved for women.
IV. It is the highest level of government.
Options:
A. I & III
B. II & IV
C. I & II
D. I & IV
भररत क पररप्य मं ववक्िीयकरण क सबि मं सही कथन क पहिरननए-
I िरीय ल ग अपनी सम्यरय क बहतर िरनत ह.
II िरीय ल ग क बहतर सझ
ु रव ह त ह की कहर पस क रभरवकररी खिा ककयर िरय .
III महहलरओ क ललए क ई आरषित सीट नही.
IV यह सरकरर कर उ्ि ्तर ह.
ववक्प
( अ ) I & III
( ब ) II & IV
( स ) I & II
( द ) I & IV
179
39 Two statements are given in the question below Assertion (A) and Reasoning ( R). Read the
. statements and choose the appropriate option.
Assertion (A): Different persons have different notions of development.
Reason ( R): Life situations of different persons are different.
Options:
नीि हदए र्न मं कथन व ् कररण द न ह.
वरकय क ्यरनपूवक
ा पढं इव उपयु्त ववक्प कर ियन कर –
कथन(A): –र्यक ्यज्त क अपन- अपन ल्य ह त ह.
कररण ( R): – िीवन पररज्थनतयर सभी की अलग –अलग ह ती ह.
ववक्प =
(अ) A और R द न स्य हं और R , A की सही ्यर्यर ह।
(ब) A और R द न स्य हं लककन R, A की सही ्यर्यर नही ह।
(स) A स्य ह लककन R अस्य ह।
(द) A अस्य ह लककन R स्य ह
40 Choose the correct option from the following

.
List 1 (Different people) List II ( Development goals)
A. Farmer Better employment
B. Unemployed youth Better irrigation facility
C. Landless rural labourer Cheap labour
180
D. Trader More days of work
Choose the correct answer from the option given below.
A. i-2, ii -1, iii -4, iv -3
B. i -3, ii -4, iii -2, iv -1
C. i -2, ii -4, iii -1, iv -3
D. i -3, ii -1, iii -2, iv -4
नन्नललखखत म स सही उिर कर ियन कर-
सूिी I सूिी II
i) ककसरन 1 बहतर र िगरर

ii) बर िगरर युवर 2 बहतर लसिरई सुवविर
iii) भूलमहीन ररमीण 3. ्लमक स्तर ्म
iv) ्यरपररी 4. अचिक करयाहदवस
नीि हदए गय ववक्प मं स सही उिर कर ियन कर-
अ. i-2, ii -1, iii -4, iv -3
ब. i-3, ii -4, iii -2, iv -1
स. i -2, ii -4, iii -1, iv -3
द. i -3, ii -1, iii -2, iv -4
41 Read the following data and information carefully and select he most appropriate answer
. from the given options
Country Gross national Life expectancy at HDI rank 2013

Income 2011 birth 2013
Sri Lanka 9250 74.3 73
India 5150 66.4 135
181
Bangladesh 2713 70.7 142
Riya is an employee of a multinational company who gets transferred to different countries

She has been given a opportunity to choose any one country mention in the table above. She
chooses to be transferred to Sri lanka.
Identify the reason for which Riya has chosen Sri lanka
A. Sri Lankan has better life expectancy at birth.
B. It has better Gross National Income
C. It is a prosperous country.
D. All of the above.
नन्नललखखत सि
ु नर और डरटर क ्यरनपव
ू क
ा पढं और सबस उपय्
ु त ववक्प मं उिर िन
ु -
रर्र सकल रर्रीय आय ि्म िीवन र्यरशर HDI रंक 2013

2011 2013
्ीलकर 9250 74.3 73
भररत 5150 66.4 135
बर्लरदश 2713 70.7 142
ररयर एक बहुरर्रीय कपनी की कमािररी ह जिसकर दस

ू रं दश मं ्तरनरतरण हुआ ह. उसक उपयु्
ा त
तरललकर क ई भी एक दश िन
ु न कर अवसर हदयर गयर ह. वह ्ीलकर कर ियन करती ह. उस कररण क
पहिरननए जिसक कररण उसन ्ीलकर कर ियन ककयर.
1) ्ीलकर मं बहतर ि्म िीवन र्यरशर

ब) बहतर सकल रर्रीय आय
स) यह एक सर्ि दश हं
द) उपय्
ुा त सभी
182
42 Assume there are four families in a country. The average per capita income of these families
. is Rs 5000. If the income of three families is Rs 4000, Rs 7000 and Rs 3000 respectively,
what is the income of the fourth family?
मरन लीजिए कक एक दश मं िरर पररवरर हं। इन पररवरर की औसत रनत ्यज्त आय 5000 पय ह। यहद
तीन पररवरर की आय ्मशः 4000 पय, 7000 पय और 3000 पय ह, त ि थ पररवरर की आय ्यर
ह?
(A).Rs 7500 (B).Rs 3000
(C).Rs 2000 (D).Rs 6000
43 What was the literacy rate in Kerala in 2011?

.
2011 मं करल मं सरिरतर दर ्यर थी?
(A) 82 (B) 94
(C) 62 (D) 50
44 Which age group of children is included for calculating Net Attendance Ratio?
.
ननवल उपज्थनत अनुपरत की गणनर क ललए ककस आयु वगा क ब्ि क शरलमल ककयर गयर ह?
(A) 6-10 Year age group (B) 7-11 Year age group
(C) 5-9 Year age group (D) 14-15 Year age group
ननवल उपज्थनत अनप

ु रत की गणनर क ललए ककस आयु वगा क ब्ि क शरलमल ककयर गयर ह?
(अ) 6-10 वषा आयु समूह (ब) 7-11 वषा आयु समूह
(स) 5-9 वषा आयु समूह (द) 14-15 वषा आयु समूह
183
45 In the question given below, there are two statements marked as Assertion (A) and Reason
. (R).Read the statements and chose the correct option:
Assertion (A): Kerala has low infant mortality rate.
Reason (R): It has adequate provision of basic health and educational facilities.
(A) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(B) Both A and R are true and R is the not correct explanation of A.
(C) A is correct but R is wrong.
(D) A is wrong but R is correct.
. नीि हदए गए र्न मं , द कथन क अलभकथन (A) और कररण (R) क प मं चिजननत ककयर गयर ह।
कथन क पढं और सही ववक्प िन
ु ं:
अलभकथन (A) : करल मं लशशु म्र यु दर कम ह।
कररण (R) : इसमं बुननयरदी ्वर््य और शषिक सुवविरओ कर पयरा्त ररविरन ह।
(अ) A और R द न सही हं और R, A की सही ्यर्यर करतर ह।
(ब) A और R द न सही हं और R, A की सही ्यर्यर नही करतर ह।
(स) ए सही ह लककन आर गलत ह।
(द) ए गलत ह लककन आर सही ह।
46 If BMI is less than 18.5 then the person would be considered:

. (A)over weight
(B) long height
(C) under nourished
(D) short height
यहद बीएमआई 18.5 स कम ह त ्यज्त पर वविरर ककयर िरएगर:
(अ) अचिक विन
(ब) लबी ऊिरई
184
(स) प वषत क तहत
(द) छ टी ऊिरई
SECTION – C
(This section consists of two cases. There are total of 12 questions in

this section.
Attempt any 10 questions from this section.)
47 Who was Carl Welcker ?

.
(A) A conservative that belongs to French republic.
(B) A nobility of ottoman empire.
(C) The liberal politician who was an elected member of the Frankfurt Parliament.
(D) A founder of secret society, young Italy.
करला बकर क न थर ?
(अ) एक हढवरदी ि कक ्रस गणतर स सबचित थर।
(ब) ऑट मन सररर्य कर एक कुलीन।
(स) एक उदररवरदी ररिनीनतञ ि कक ्ंकफटा ससद कर ननवराचित सद्य थर।
(द) यग इटली गु्त समरि कर स्थरपक।
185
48 Who was established the feminist political association?
.
(A) Otto van Bismark
(B) Willian Kaisar
(C) Carl Welcker
(D) Louise Otto-Peters
नररीवरदी ररिनीनतक सगठन ककसक ्वररर ्थरवपत ककयर गयर ?
(अ) ऑट बरन रब्मरका
(ब) ववललयम कसर
(स) करला वकर
(द) लुईस ऑट पीटसा
49 Why man had called a protector of the family?

.
(A) because society has given such high priority to them
(B) due to their repulsive nature
(C) as they are stronger, freer, bolder than women
(D) They perform functions and assume responsibilities
पररवरर कर सरिक पु ष क ्य कहर िरतर थर?
(अ) ्य कक समरि पु ष क अचिक ररथलमकतर दतर ह।
(ब) उनकी ववकषाण रकरनत क कररण।
(स) व महहलरओ की तुलनर मं तरकतवर ननभाय और सरहसी ह।
(द) व करया एव जि्मदरररय क ननभरत हं।
186
50 50. In which of the following, right of vote must be given (according to source)?
.
1. Women with no literacy
2. Highly talented women
3. Contributing to maintenance of society
4. Owning considerable property
(A) Both 1 and 2 (B) Both 2 and 3
(C) 1, 2, 3 and 4 (D) 2, 3 and 4
नन्नललखखत मं स ककस क मतरचिकरर हदयर िरनर िरहहए?
1. महहलरए जिन मं सरिरतर कम ह।
2. उ्ि रनतभरवरन महहलरए I
3. महहलरए ि समरि मं अपनर य गदरन द रही हं।
4. सपवि की ्वरलम्व वरली महहलरए ह।
(अ) द न 1और2 (ब) द न 2और3
(स) 1,2,3और4 (द) 2,3और4
51 Who sent the letter to the editor on 25 June 1850 ?

.
(A) Known reader (B) Unnamed reader
(C) Familiar reader (D) Foreigner reader
25 िून 1850 क ककसन सपरदक क पर भिर?
(अ) पररचित परठक (ब) अनरलमत परठक
(स) परररवरररक परठक (द) ववदशी परठक
187
52 Two statements are given in the question below as Assertion (A) and Reasoning (R). Read
. the statements and choose the appropriate option.
Assertion A: Nature has created men and women to carry out different functions
Reason (R): Men said to be the stronger, the bolder and freer and woman, the weaker,
dependent and timid, requires the protection of man. Her sphere is the home, the care of the
children, the nurturing of the family…
Options:
(A) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(B) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(D) A is false but R is true.
नन्नललखखत र्न मं द कथन हदए गए हं
कथन - रकरनत न ववलभ्न करयं क अिरम दन क ललए पु ष और महहलरओ क बनरयर ह।
कररण - पु ष मिबत
ू सरहसी और आिरद तथर पररवरर क रिक क प मं नरलमत ककयर गयर ह तथर
महहलर पु ष की तुलनर मं कमि र आच्त और डरप क जिस अपन सरिण क ललए पु ष की आव्यकतर
पडती ह उसकर दरनय्व पररवरर क प षण क सरथ-सरथ ब्ि की दखभरल करनर ह।
ववक्प:
(अ) द न कथन और कररण स्य ह एव कररण कथन की सही ्यर्यर करतर ह।
(ब) द न कथन और कररण स्य ह लककन कररण कथन की सही ्यर्यर नही करतर ह।
(स) द न कथन और कररण स्य ह।
(द) कथन गलत ह ककतु कररण स्य ह।
188
Read the source given below and answer any 5 of the 6 questions that follow by choosing
the appropriate option:
Tea cultivation is an example of plantation agriculture. It is also an important beverage

crop introduced in India initially by the British. Today, most of the tea plantations are
owned by )ndian s. The tea plant grows well in tropical and subtropical climates endowed
with deep and fertile well drained soil, rich in humus and organic matter. Tea bushes
require warm and moist frost-free climate all through the year. Frequent showers evenly
distributed over the year ensure continuous growth of tender leaves. Tea is a labour-
intensive industry. It requires abundant, cheap and skilled labour. Tea is processed within
the tea garden to restore its freshness. Major tea producing states are Assam, hills of
Darjeeling and Jalpaiguri districts, West Bengal, Tamilnadu and Kerala. Apart from these
Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Meghalaya, Andhra Pradesh and Tripura are also tea-
producing states in the country. In 2015 India was the second largest producer of tea after
China.
नीि हदए गए र त क पहढए और उपयु्त ववक्प िुनकर उसक बरद आन वरल 6 मं स कक्ही 5 र्न
क उिर दीजिए
िरय की खती र पण करवष कर एक उदरहरण हं।यह एक मह्वपूणा पय पदरथा की फ़सल ह जिस शु आत मं

अरि भररत मं लरए थ।आि अचिकतर िरय बरगरन क मरललक भररतीय हं।िरय कर प िर उ्ण और
उप ्ण कहटबिीय िलवरयु , नयम
ू स और िीवरश य्
ु त गहरी लम्टी तथर सग
ु म िल ननकरस वरल ढलवर
छर मं भलीभरनत उगरयर िरतर हं।िरय की झर्डय क उगरन क ललए वषा भर क ्ण , नम और
परलररहहत िलवरयु की आव्यकतर ह ती हं।वषा भर समरन प स ह न वरली वषरा की ब छररं इसकी
क मल पविय क ववकरस मं सहरयक ह ती हं। िरय एक ्म सघन उ्य ग ह। इसक ललए रिरु मररर मं
स्तर और कुशल ्म िरहहए। इसकी तरिगी बनरए रखन क ललए िरय की पवियर बरगरन मं ही ससरचित
की िरती हं। िरय क म्
ु य उ्परदक िर मं असम,पज्िमी बगरल मं दरजिाललग और िलपरईगड
ु ी जिल
की पहर्डयर , तलमलनरडु और करल हं।इनक अलरवर हहमरिल रदश, उिररखड,मघरलय, आर रदश और
ररपुरर आहद। रर्य मं भी िरय उगरई िरती हं।वषा 2015 मं भररत वव्व मं िीन क बरद िरय कर दस
ू रर
सबस बडर उ्परदक दश थर।
53 Who introduced tea cultivation in India?

.
( A ) German ( B ) British ( C ) Dutch ( D ) French
भररत मं सवारथम िरय ककसक ्वररर लरई गई थी ?
189
( अ ) िमान ( ब ) रिहटश ( स ) डि ( द ) ्ंि
54 Read the following statements and find the INCORRECT from the given options:
.
I. Tea cultivation is an example of Kharif crop.
)). Today most of the tea plantations are owned by )ndian s.
III. Tea is a labour-intensive industry
Options :-
( A ) I & II ( B ) II & III ( C ) III Only ( D ) I Only
नन्नललखखत कथन क पढकर अस्य कथन कर िन

ु रव कर हदए गए ववक्प मं स उिर दीजिए
I िरय की खती खरीफ फसल कर उदरहरण हं।
II आि अचिकतर िरय बरगरन क मरललक भररतीय हं।
III िरय एक ्म सघन उ्य ग ह।
ववक्प
( अ ) I और II ( ब ) II और III ( स ) कवल III (द ) कवल I
55 Tea bushes require _______________ and moist frost-free climate all through the year.
.
( A ) Cold ( B ) Warm ( C ) Moderate ( D ) None of these
िरय की झर्डय क उगरन क ललए वषा भर ____________ नम और परलररहहत िलवरयु की आव्यकतर

ह ती हं।
190
( अ ) शीत ( ब ) क ्ण ( स ) म्यम ( द ) इनमं स क ई नही
56 Which of the following states is the largest producer of tea?

.
( A ) Assam ( B ) West Bengal ( C ) Uttarakhand ( D ) Kerala
वननवलतित रायख़ं मं ऺॕ चाय का ऺिऺॕ ि़ा उपादक राय कग़नऺा ऻॖ ?
( अ ) अऺम ( ि) पविम िंगाल ( ऺ ) उतरािंड ( D ) कॕरल
57 In which type of climate the tea plant grows well?

.
( A ) Mediterranean climate
( B ) Tropical and Subtropical climate
( C ) Desert and dry climate
( D) None of these
िरय कर प िर ककस तरह की िलवरयु मं भलीभरनत उगरयर िरतर हं ?
( अ ) भूम्य िलवरयु
( ब ) उ्ण और उप ्ण कहटबिीय िलवरयु
( स ) रचग्तरन और सूखर िलवरयु
( द ) इनमं स क ई नही
58 Which of the following countries was the largest producer of tea in 2015?
.
( A ) China ( B ) India ( C ) USA ( D ) Sri Lanka
नन्नललखखत दश मं स वषा 2015 मं िरय कर सबस बडर उ्परदक दश क नसर थर ?
( अ ) िीन (ब) भररत (स ) यूएसए (द ) ्ीलकर
59.
191
Section D
(Attempt both the Map based

questions)
On the outline map of India, identify and label the Dam:-
भररत क परखर मरनचिर पर बरि क पहिरनं और उसकर नरम ललख |
192
60 On the outline map of India, locate and label the Tehri Dam:-
.
भररत क परखर मरनचिर पर हटहरी बरि क चिज्हत कर और उसकर नरम ललख |
NOTE- The following questions are for the Visually Impaired Candidates in lieu of
questions 59 and 60.
59. Which of the following dam is located in Uttarakhand?

A. Salal B. Bhakra Nangal C. Tehri D. Rana Pratap Sagar
नन्नललखखत मं स क न सर बरि उिररखड मं ज्थत ह?
(अ) सलरल (ब) भरखडर नरगल (स) हटहरी (द) ररणर रतरप सरगर
60. Which one of the following is a principal cereal crop?
A. Rice B. Wheat C. Jowar D. Bajra

नन्नललखखत मं स क न-सी एक रमख
ु अनरि की फसल ह?
(1) िरवल ( ब) गहू ( स) ्वरर (द) बरिरर
193
Sample Question Paper -2
Social Science (087)
Duration 90 min. Class X MM-40
General Instructions
1. The question paper contains four section.
2. Section A has 24 question attempt any 20 questions
3. Section B has 22 question. attempt any 18 questions.
4. section c has 12 questions ( case based) Attempt any 10 questions
5. Section D contains 2 map based questions. Attempt both the questions.
Section –A
1. Among the following , which was not the correct objective of the Treaty of Vienna of 1815 ?
वनत्ललतित मं ऺॕ कग़न ऺा ५ क वियना ऺंवि का ऺऻ उदॕ नऻ ं था?
a. Prussia was given a portion of Saxony.

b. Russia was given part of Italy.
c. The Bourbon dynasty was restored to power.
d. German confederation of 39 states was left untouched.
) वरतसया कख़ ऺॖसन का एक भाग वदया गया
ि) ॺऺ कख़ इ्ल का भाग वदया गया
ऺ) िॐरिॗन राजिंश कख़ ऺता मं िऻल वकया था
द) रायख़ं कॕ जमषन ऺंघ कख़ अछॐता रिा गया |
2. Which of the following countries is considered as the ‘ Cradle of European Civilisation’ ?

वनत्ललतित मं ऺॕ वकऺ दॕ श कख़ यॐरख़वपयन ऺयता का पालना मन जाता ऻॖ ?
a. England
194
b. France
c. Greece
d. Russia
) इं लंड
ि) ्ां ऺ
ऺ) यॐनान
द) ॺऺ
3. Before the unification of Italy , its southern regions were under control by whom ?
इ्ल कॕ एक करण ऺॕ पऻलॕ इऺकॕ दवषण षॕर वकऺकॕ वनयंरण मं थॕ |
a. Austrian Habsburgs
b. The Pope
c. The Bourbon kings of Spain
d. The Bourbon kings of France.
) ऑतरर या ऻ्बॏ्ष
ि) पादर िगष
. ऺ) पॕन कॕ िॐरिॗन राजा . .
द) ्ां ऺ कॕ िॐरिॗन राजा
4. “ The most dangerous enemy of our social order “ . This statement was given by Matternich for
whom ?
ऻमार ऺामावजक यि्था का ऺिऺॕ ितरनाक दॏ न ऻॖ | यऻ कथन मतॕवनषच नॕ वकऺकॕ वलए वदया था |
a. Mazzini
b. Louis Philippe
c. Garibaldi
d. Cavour
) मतज़िन
ि) लख़इऺ वफवलपॕ
. ऺ) गॖर िाड
. द) कािग़र
5. “ God save our Noble king became the national anthem of which European country ’’
भगिान् ऻमारॕ मऻान राजा क रषा करॕ – यऻ वकऺ यॐ रख़वपयन दॕ श का रा्रगान िन गया था|
a. France
b. Germany
c. Italy
d. Britain
) ्ां ऺ
ि) जमषन
ऺ) इ्ल
द) वि्ॕ न
195
6. “ There is enough for everybody’s need and not for anybody greed ”. who said this
ऻर वकऺ क आि कता कॕ वलए पयाष त ऻॖ ,लालच कॕ वलए नऻ ं | यऻ वकऺनॕ कऻा था|
a. Jawaharlal Nehru
b. Atal Bihari Vajpayee
c. M.K.Gandhi
d. Sundar Lal bahuguna
) जिाऻर लाल नॕऻॹ
ि) अ्ल विऻार िाजपॕ य
ऺ) एम् .कॕ .गाँ ि
द)ऺॏदर लाल िुगॏणा
7. India has got the right to mine from the bed of the indian ocean for which mineral ?
भारत कख़ वऻद मऻाऺागर क तलऻ् ऺॕ वकऺ िवनज कॕ वलए िदान का अविकार वमला ऻॖ ?
a. Iron ore
b. Bauxite
c. Manganese
d. Coal
) लख़ऻ अयक
ि) िॗसाइ्
ऺ) मंगन ज
द) कख़यला
8. Which one is the main reason for land degradation in the states like Gujarat , Rajasthan and Madhya
Pradesh .
गॏजरात, राज्थान और मय रदॕ श रायख़ं मं भॐवम षरण का मॏया कारण कग़न ऺा ऻॖ ?
a. Over irrigation
b. Deforestation
c. Mining
d. Over Grazing
) अविक वऺचाई
ि) िनख़ं क क्ाई
ऺ) िनन
द) चराई क अविकता
9. Name the soil which develops in areas with high temperature and heavy rainfall.
उऺ वम्् का नाम िताईयॕ जख़ उ् तापमान और भार िहाष िालॕ षॕरख़ मं विकवऺत ऻख़त ऻॖ |
a. Red and yellow soils
b. Black soil
c. Laterite soil
d. Alluvial soil
) लाल और वपल वम््
196
ि) काल वम््
ऺ) लॕ्राइ् वम््
द) जलख़ढ वम््
10. Which one of the following desirables a system of agriculture where a single crop is grown on a large
area ?
वनत्ललतित मं कग़न ऺा क॑वह क ऐऺ रणाल क अपॕ षा करता ऻॖ वजऺमॕ एक वऻ फऺल ि़ॕ षरख़ मं उगाई
जात ऻॖ |
a. Shifting agriculture
b. Plantation
c. Horticulture
d. Intensive agriculture
) ्थातरण क॑वह
ि) ि॑षारख़पण
ऺ) िागिान
द) गऻन क॑वह
11. Which one of the following is a major caste group of Sri Lanka ?
वनत्ललतित मं ऺॕ कग़न ऺा र लंका का रमॏि जावत ऺमॐऻ ऻॖ |
a. Christian and Tamil
b. Buddhist and Hindu
c. Sinhala and Tamil
d. Sinhala and Christian
) इऺाई और तवमल
ि) िख़ध और वऻलदॐ
ऺ) वऺंऻाला और तवमल
द) वऺंऻाला और ईऺाई
12. Modern democracies maintain check and balance system . Identify the correct option based on the
horizontal power sharing arrangement
आिॏवनक लख़कतंर वनयं रण और ऺंतॏलन रणाल कख़ िनायॕ रितॕ ऻॖ | षॕवतज शति ि्िारॕ क यि्था कॕ
आिार पर ऺऻ विकप क पऻचान करॕ |
a. Central Government , State government , Local bodies
b. Legislature , Executive , Judiciary
c. Some different social groups
d. Among different pressure groups.
) कं र ऺरकार, राय ऺरकार, ्थान य वनकाय
ि) वििावयका ,कायषपावलका और ायपावलका
ऺ) कॏछ अलग ऺामावजक ऺमॐऻ
द) विवभन दिाि ऺमॐऻ कॕ ि च
13. In which capital city Brussels , the ratio of French speaking and Dutch speaking in percent is …..
197
िॏऺॕस क वकऺ राजिान शऻर मं ्ंच भाहा और डच िख़लनॕ िालख़ का अनॏपात रवतऺत मं ऻॖ |
a. 59:40
b. 40:59
c. 20:80
d. 80:20
14) When many countries of Europe come together to form the European Union , which city
was chosen as its headquarters
जि यॐरख़प कॕ कई दॕ श यॐरख़वपयन ऺंघ िनानॕ कॕ वलए एक ऺाथ आयॕ तख़ं वकऺ शऻर कख़ इऺका मॏयालय
कॕ ॺप मं चॏना गया|
e. Geneva
f. Berlin
g. Brussels
h. Paris
) वजनॕिा
ि) िवलषन
ऺ) िॏऺॕस
द) पॕररऺ
14. Which of the following falls under the concurrent list
वननवलतित मं ऺॕ कग़न ऺमिती ऺॐच कॕ अंतगषत आता ऻॖ
a. Trade
b. Adoption
c. Agriculture
d. Foreign affairs
अ ( यापार
ि ) दतक रऻण
ऺ ) क॑वह
द ( विदॕ श मामलॕ
16 In which years a major steps was taken towards decentralisation ?

विकंर करण क वदशा मं रमॏि कदम वकन िहो मं उठायॕ गए ?
e. In 1994
f. In 1989
g. In 1992
h. In 1997
अ) 4991मं
ि ) 1989 मं
ऺ ) 1992 मं
198
द ) 1997 मं
17 First state of our country which was created on the basis of language ?
ऻमारॕ दॕ श का पऻला राय जख़ भाहा कॕ आिार पर िनाया गया था
a. Tamil Nadu
b. Karnataka
c. Andhra Pradesh
d. Kerala
अ )तवमलनाडॏ
ि ) कणाष ्क
ऺ (आर रदॕ श
द ( कॕरल
18 Development of a country can generally be determined by –

वकऺ भ दॕ श कॕ विकाऺ मं वनिाष रण करनॕ िालॕ वनन तव ऻख़तॕ ऻॖ |
a. Its per capita income
b. Its average literacy level
c. Health status of its people
d. All of the above
अ) रवत यति आय
ि) औऺत ऺाषरता दर
ऺ) लख़गख़ क वाय त्थवत
द) उपरख़ि ऺभ
19 Which of the following is not a criterion for comparing development of different countries ?
वनत्ललतित मं ऺॕ कग़न ऺा विवभन दॕ शख़ कॕ विकाऺ क तॏलना करनॕ कॕ वलए एक मानदं ड नऻ ं
ऻॖ ?
a. Educational level of the people
b. people’s material possessions
c. Their health status
d. Their per capita income
अ) लख़गख़ का शॕवषक तर
ि ) लख़गख़ क भख़वतक ऺपवत
ऺ ) उनक वाय त्थत
द) उनक रवत यति आय
199
20. Kerala has a low Infant Mortality rate because -
कॕरल मं वनन वशशॏ म॑यॏदर का या कारण ऻॖ |
a. People of the state are very rich
b. The climate of Kerala is very congenial and cosy
c. State has adequate provisions of basic health and educational facilities
d. People take nutritious diet and are not addicted to drugs.
अ) राय कॕ लख़ग िुत अम र ऻॖ |
ि) कॕरल क जलिायॏ िुत अनॏकॐल और आरामदायक ऻॖ |
ऺ) राय मं िॏवनयाद वाय और शॕवषक ऺॏवििाओं कॕ पयाष त राििान ऻॖ |
द) लख़ग पग़व्क भख़जन िातॕ ऻॖ और नशॕ ऺॕ दॐ र रऻतॕ ऻॖ |
21 . In our country NREGA 2005 aims to provide to all those who are able to and are
willing to work a minimum of –
ऻमारॕ दॕ श मं नरॕ गा 2005 का लय उन ऺभ कख़ उपल करना ऻॖ जख़ काम करनॕ मं ऺषम ऻॖ और कम ऺॕ
कम काम करनॕ कॕ इछॏ क ऻॖ |
a. 200 days of employment in a year
b. 100 days of employment in a year
c. 300 days of employment in a year
d. 365 days of employment in a year
अ) रवत िहष 200 वदनख़ं का रख़जगार
ि) रवत िहष 100 वदनख़ं का रख़जगार
ऺ) रवत िहष 300 वदनख़ं का रख़जगार
द) रवत िहष 365 वदनख़ं का रख़जगार
22. GDP is the total value of ________-produced during a particular year .

ज ड प एक विशॕह िहष ि दग़रान उपावदत ...........का कॏल मॐय ऻॖ |
a. All goods and services
b. All final goods and services
c. All intermediate goods and services
d. All intermediate and final goods and services
अ ) ऺभ ऺामान और ऺॕिाए
ि) ऺभ अंवतम ऺामान और ऺॕिाए
ऺ) ऺभ मयिती ऺामान और ऺॕिाए
द) ऺभ मयिती और अंवतम ऺामान और ऺॕिाए
23. Which of the following profession belongs to the Tertiary sector of economy ?
वनत्ललतित मं ऺॕ कग़न ऺा पॕशा अथषयि्था कॕ त॑त यक षॕर ऺॕ ऺंिंवित ऻॖ |
(A) Fisherman
(B) Farmer
200
(C) Factory Worker
(D) Teacher
अ) मछॏ आरख़ं
ि ) वकऺान
ऺ) मजदॐ र
द) वशषक
24. A person is considered undernourished if his BMI is-
एक यति कख़ कॏपख़वहत माना जाता ऻॖ यवद उऺका ि ऍम आई ऻॖ -
(a) less than 30.5
(b) less than 20.9
(c) less than 25.9
(b) less than 18.5
अ) 30.5 ऺॕ कम
ि) 20.9 ऺॕ कम
ऺ) 25.9 ऺॕ कम
द) 18.5 ऺॕ कम
Section –B
(Attempt Any 18 out of 22)
25. Which of the following is associated with ‘Revolution of liberals 1848’?
I .Unlike the revolt of poor in France it was led by educated middle class in Ottoman Empire.
I. Men and women of the liberal middle classes combined their demands for
constitutionalism with national unification
II. Demands for the creation of nation state on Parliamentary principles of constitution
freedom of the press and freedom of association
वननवलतित मं ऺॕ कग़न 'उदारिावदयख़ं क िां वत 1848' ऺॕ ऺंिंवित ऻॖ ?

I. ्ां ऺ मं गर िख़ं कॕ विरख़ऻ कॕ विपर त इऺका नॕत॑व ओ्ख़मन ऺाराय मं वशवषत मयम िगष नॕ वकया था।
II. उदार मयम िगष कॕ पॏॹहख़ं और मवऻलाओं नॕ रा्र य एक करण कॕ ऺाथ ऺंिॖिावनकता क अपन मां गख़ं कख़
जख़़ा
III. ऺंवििान कॕ ऺंऺद य वऺधां तख़ं पर रा्र राय कॕ वनमाष ण क मां ग रॕऺ क वतंरता और ऺंघ क वतंरता
A. I and II
B. I, II and III
C. II and III
D. Only III
26. Which of the following statements about the ‘Resources and Development’ is/are
correct?
201
I. The oceanic resources beyond 100 nautical miles of the Exclusive Economic Zone belong to
open ocean and any individual country can utilize these with the concurrence of national
institutions.
II. Potential Resources which are found in a region, but have not been utilised.
III. Materials in the environment which have the potential to satisfy human needs but human
beings do not have the appropriate technology to access these, are included among stock.
'ऺंऺािन और विकाऺ' कॕ िारॕ मं वननवलतित मं ऺॕ कग़न ऺा/ऺॕ कथन ऺऻ ऻॖ /ऻं ?
I. विवश् आवथषक षॕर कॕ 100 ऺमॏर म ल ऺॕ अविक कॕ ऺमॏर ऺंऺािन िॏलॕ मऻाऺागर कॕ ऻं और कख़ई भ दॕ श
रा्र य ऺं्थानख़ं क ऺऻमवत ऺॕ इनका उपयख़ग कर ऺकता ऻॖ ।
II. ऺंभावित ऺंऺािन जख़ एक षॕर मं पाए जातॕ ऻं , लॕवकन उनका उपयख़ग नऻ ं वकया गया ऻॖ ।
III. पयाष िरण मं ऺामर जख़ मानि आि कताओं कख़ पॐरा करनॕ क षमता रित ऻॖ लॕवकन मनॏय कॕ पाऺ इन
तक पुं चनॕ कॕ वलए उपयॏ ि तकन क नऻ ं ऻॖ , रॗक मं शावमल ऻं ।
A. I and II
B. I, II and III
C. II and III
D. Only III
27. Consider the following statements about the ethnic composition of Sri Lanka:
I. Major social groups are the Sinhala- speaking (74%) and Tamil- speaking (18%)?
II. Among the Tamils, there are two sub-groups, Sri Lankan Tamils and Indian Tamils.
III. There are about 7% Christians, who are both Tamil and Sinhala.
IV. Most of the Sinhala-speaking are Hindus or Muslims and most of the Tamil-speaking are
Buddhists.
Which of the above statements are correct?
र लंका क जात य ऺंरचना कॕ िारॕ मं वननवलतित कथनख़ं पर विचार करं :
I. रमॏि ऺामावजक ऺमॐऻ वऺंऻल भाह (74%) और तवमल भाह (18%) ऻं ?
II. तवमलख़ं मं, दख़ उप-ऺमॐऻ ऻं , र लंकाई तवमल और भारत य तवमल।
III. लगभग 7% ईऺाई ऻं , जख़ तवमल और वऺंऻल दख़नख़ं ऻं ।
IV. अविकां श वऺंऻल भाह वऻं दॐ या मॏऺलमान ऻं और अविकां श तवमल भाह िग़ध ऻं ।
उपरख़ि मं ऺॕ कग़न ऺॕ कथन ऺऻ ऻं ?
A. I, II and III
B. I, II and IV
C. II, III and IV
D. All of above are correct
202
28. Prudential reasons of power sharing stress on the facts that:
A. It ensures the stability of political order.

B. It reduces the possibility of conflict between social groups.
C. It gives a fair share to minority.
D. It is the very spirit of democracy.
Which of the above statements are correct?
ऺता कॕ िं्िारॕ कॕ वििॕकपॐणष कारण इऺ तय पर जख़र दॕ तॕ ऻं वक:
A. यऻ राजन वतक यि्था क त्थरता ऺॏवनवित करता ऻॖ ।
B. यऻ ऺामावजक ऺमॐऻख़ं कॕ ि च ऺंघहष क ऺंभािना कख़ कम करता ऻॖ ।
C. यऻ अपऺंयकख़ं कख़ उवचत वऻसा दॕ ता ऻॖ ।
D. यऻ लख़कतंर क आमा ऻॖ ।
उपरख़ि मं ऺॕ कग़न ऺॕ कथन ऺऻ ऻं ?
A. A, B
B. A, C and D
C. All are correct
D. A, B & C
29. Which of the following is associated with ‘MGNREGA 2005’?
I. the central government in India made a law implementing the Right to Work in about 625
districts of India.
II. Under MGNREGA 2005, all those who are able to, and are in need of, work in rural areas
are guaranteed 100 days of employment in a year by the government.
III. If the government fails in its duty to provide employment, it will give unemployment
allowances to the people.
वननवलतित मं ऺॕ कग़न 'मनरॕ गा 2005' ऺॕ ऺंिंवित ऻॖ ?
I. भारत मं कंर ऺरकार नॕ काम कॕ अविकार कख़ लागॐ करतॕ ुए एक कानॐन िनाया जख़ भारत कॕ लगभग 625
वजलख़ं मं लागॐ ुआ।
III. मनरॕ गा 2005 कॕ तऻत, राम ण षॕरख़ं मं काम करनॕ मं ऺषम और जॺरतमंद ऺभ लख़गख़ं कख़ ऺरकार वारा
एक िहष मं 100 वदनख़ं कॕ रख़जगार क गारं ् द जात ऻॖ ।
III. अगर ऺरकार रख़जगार दॕ नॕ कॕ अपनॕ कतषय मं विफल रऻत ऻॖ , तख़ िऻ लख़गख़ं कख़ िॕरख़जगार भता दॕ ग ।
A. I and II
B. I, II and III
C. II and III
D. Only III
203
30. Money cannot buy all the goods and services that we may need to have a good life. A list
of things required for a good life is given below. Which among the following are things money
cannot buy?
I. Full protection from infectious diseases

II. High quality education
III. A luxury home
IV. A pollution-free atmosphere in every part of the country
पॖऺा उन ऺभ ितॏओं और ऺॕिाओं कख़ नऻ ं िर द ऺकता ऻॖ वजनक ऻमं एक अछ वजंदग कॕ वलए आि कता

ऻख़ ऺकत ऻॖ । अछॕ ज िन कॕ वलए आि क च जख़ं क ऺॐच न चॕ द गई ऻॖ । वननवलतित मं ऺॕ कग़न ऺ ऐऺ
च जं ऻं वजिं पॖऺॕ ऺॕ नऻ ं िर दा जा ऺकता ऻॖ ?
I. ऺंिामक रख़गख़ं ऺॕ पॐणष ऺॏरषा
II. उ् गॏणिता िाल वशषा
II. एक लजर घर
III. दॕ श कॕ ऻर वऻसॕ मं रदॐ हण मॏि िातािरण
A. I and II
B. II and III
C. I, II and IV
D. I and IV
31. What was the Civil Code of 1804 also known as ?
1804 का वऺविल कख़ड वकऺ नाम ऺॕ जाना जाता ऻॖ ?
a. The Administrative Code
b. Code of Justice
c. The Napoleonic Code
d. The National Code
अ) रशाऺवनक कख़ड
ि) ावयक कख़ड
ऺ) नॕपख़वलयन कख़ड
द) रा्र य कख़ड
32. Which area was the most serious source of nationalist tension in Europe after 1871 ?
1871 कॕ िाद यॐरख़प मं रा्रिाद तनाि क ऺिऺॕ ि़ ऺमया वकऺ भाग मं थ ?
a. Southern Europe
b. Mid Europe
c. Balkans states
d. Eastern States
अ ) दवषण यॐरख़प
204
ि ) मय यॐरख़प
ऺ ) िाकन राय
द ) पॐिी राय
33. Potential , development , stock and reserves are classified on the basis of :
षमता , विकाऺ , भडार और राक कॕ आिार पर िगीक॑त वकया गया ऻॖ
a. Status of development
b. Origin
c. Exhaustibility
d. Ownership
अ ) विकाऺ क त्थवत
ि ) उपवत
ऺ) ऺमाय
द) वावमव
34. A system of government in which power is divided between a central authority and various
constituent units of the country is called
ऺरकार क एक रणाल जख़ कॕर य राविकरण और दॕ श क विवभन घ्क एकाइयख़ं कॕ ि च ऺता
विभावजत ऻख़त ऻॖ , कऻलात ऻॖ
a. Federalism
b. Communalism
c. Socialism
d. Democracy
अ ) ऺंघिाद
ि ) ऺंरदावयकता
ऺ ) ऺमाजिाद
द ) लख़कतं र
35. Who has special power in administering the Union Territories in India ?
भारत मं कंर शावऺत रदॕ शख़ं कॕ रऺाशन मं वकऺकॕ पाऺ विशॕह शति ऻॖ ?
a. Central Government
b. Chief Minister
c. President
d. Governor
अ ) कंर ऺरकार
ि ) मॏयमंर
ऺ) रा्रपवत
द ) रायपाल
36. Which of the following option best signifies this caricature?
वननवलतित मं ऺॕ कग़न ऺा विकप इऺ कॕररकॕ्चर कख़ ऺिऺॕ अछा दशाष ता ऻॖ ?
205
a. Otto Von Bismark in the German Reichstag ( Parliament )
b. Victor Emmanuel II in the Italian parliament
c. Kaiser William II in the Prussian parliament
d. Napolean Bonaparte in the French Parliament
अ ) जमषन रॕ ऻ्ताग ( ऺंऺद ) मं ओ्ख़ िां न वि ाकष

ि ) इतालि ऺंऺद मं विटर इमानॏएल II
ऺ) रवशया ऺंऺद मं कॕऺर विवलयम II
द )्ां वऺऺ ऺंऺद मं नॕपख़वलयन िख़नापा्ष
37. Match List I with List II and select the correct answer using the codes given below the lists:
LIST I List II
1. Union of India A. Prime Minister
2. State B. Sarpanch
3. Municipal Corporation C. Governor
4. Gram Panchayat D. Mayor
ऺॐच I का ऺॐच II ऺॕ वमलान क वजयॕ और वदए गए विकपख़ं ऺॕ ऺऻ उतर चॏवनए।

ऺॐच I ऺॐच II
1. भारत य ऺंघ A. रिानमंर
2. राय B. ऺरपंच
3. नगर वनगम C. रायपाल
4. राम पंचायत D. मॕयर
1 2 3 4
(a) D A B C
(b) A C D B
(c) B D A C
(d) C D A B
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38. Match the following items in column A with those in column B and choose the correct answer
from the options given below:
Column A Column B
(i) Private sector (a) Daily wage worker
(ii) Unorganized sector (b) Indian Railways
(iii) Primary Sector (c) Reliance company
(iv) Public sector (d) Forestry
(A) (i)-(b) (ii)-(a) (iii)-(d)(iv)-(c)

(B) (i)-(c) (ii)-(a) (iii)-(d)(iv)-(b)
(C) (i)-(d) (ii)-(b) (iii)-(a)(iv)-(c)
(D) (i)-(a) (ii)-(b) (iii)-(c) (iv)-(d)
कॗलम अ का कॗलम ि ऺॕ वमलान क वजयॕ और वदए गए विकपख़ं ऺॕ ऺऻ उतर का चॏनाि क वजयॕ।

कॗलम अ कॗलम ि
(i) वनज षॕर (अ) दॖ वनक िॕतनभख़ग मजदॐ र
(ii) अऺंगवठत षॕर (ि) भारत य रॕ लिॕ
(iii) राथवमक षॕर (ऺ) ररलायंऺ कंपन
(iv) ऺािषजावनक षॕर (द) िावनक
(अ )(i)- (ि) (ii)-(अ) (iii)- (द) (iv)- (ऺ)

(ि) (i)-(ऺ) (ii)- (अ) (iii)-(द) (iv)- (ि)
(ऺ) (i)-(द) (ii)- (ि) (iii)-(अ) (iv)- (ऺ)
(द) (i)-(अ) (ii)- (ि) (iii)-(ऺ) (iv)- (द)
39. Which agency releases the data of Human Development Index of different countries of the
world?
(a) UNDP (b) HDI (c) WTO (d) WHO
कग़नऺ एजंऺ दॏ वनया कॕ विवभन दॕ शख़ं कॕ मानि विकाऺ ऺॐचकां क जार करत ऻॖ ?
(अ) यॐ एन ड प )ि) एच ड आई )द) डलॐ ् ओ )द) डलॐ एच ओ
40. The ……………………sector is also called industrial sector?
(a) Primary (b) Secondary (c) Tertiary (d) Mixed
...........................कख़ औयख़वगक षॕरक भ िख़लतॕ ऻॖ ?

207
(अ) राथवमक) ि )ववत यक )ऺ )त॑त यक )द )वमवरत
41. The value of all goods and services produced within a country in a particular year is called
its:
(a) National Product (b) Net Domestic Product
(c)Gross Domestic Product (d) Gross Development Product
एक दॕ श मं वकऺ िहष मं उपावदत ितॏओं और ऺॕिाओं कॕ अंवतम मॐय कख़ कऻा जाता ऻॖ -
रा्र य उपाद)
( ) ि )कॏल घरॕ लॏ उपाद
)ऺ) ऺकल घरॕ लॏ उपाद )द) ऺकल विकाऺ उपाद
42. Assertion (A): Power can be shared among governments at different levels.
Reason (R): Power may also share among different social groups.
कथन) A):ऺता कख़ विवभन तर क ऺरकारख़ं कॕ मय विभावजत वकया जा ऺकता ऻॖ |
कारण) R): ऺता कख़ विवभन ऺामावजक ऺमॐऻख़ं कॕ मय भ विभावजत वकया जा ऺकता ऻॖ |
(A) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
A और R दख़नख़ं ऺऻ ऻॖ और R, A क ऺऻ याया करता ऻॖ |
(B) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A.
A और R दख़नख़ं ऺऻ ऻॖ और R, A क ऺऻ याया नऻ ं करता ऻॖ |
A ऺऻ ऻॖ लॕवकन R गलत ऻॖ |
(D)A is false and R is true.
A गलत ऻॖ लॕवकन R ऺऻ ऻॖ |
43. Total income of the country divided by its total population is known as:
वकऺ दॕ श क कॏल आय कख़ उऺक कॏल जनऺंया ऺॕ भाग दॕ नॕ पर ऻमं रात ऻख़ता ऻॖ .
a) Capital Income
b) National Income
c) Per capita income
d) GDP
अ ) पॐँज आय ि ) रा्र य आय
ऺ) रवत यति आय ड)ज ड प
44. Which of the following is not a feature of federalism ?
वनन मं ऺॕ कग़न ऺंघिाद क विशॕहता नऻ ऻॖ ?
(i) There is only one level of the government.
(ii) Different tiers of government govern the same citizens.
१) ऺरकार का एक ऻ तर ऻख़ता ऻॖ .
२) ऺरकार कॕ विवभन तर ऺभ नागररकख़ पर वनयंरण करतॕ ऻॖ
a) Only (i)
b) Only (ii)
c) Both (i) and(ii)
d) Neither(i) nor (ii)
अ ( कॕिल ि ( कॕिल
ऺ ) दख़नख़ं ( ) ( ) ड ) दख़नख़ं मं ऺॕ कख़ई नऻ
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45. Which of the following step was not taken towards decentralisation in India?
वनन मं ऺॕ वकऺ कदम कख़ भारत मं विकंर करण मं शावमल नऻ वकया गया था
a) One third seats were reserved for SCs and STs
b) Regular Elections of local bodies.
c) State government need to share power and revenue with local government.
d) State Election Commission was created to conduct local elections.
अ) अनॏ . जा. और अनॏ. जन. कॕ वलए एक वतऻाई ्थान आरवषत वकया गया
ि ) ्थान य वनकायख़ं का वनयवमत चॏनाि
ऺ ) राय ऺरकार अपन शतियख़ं और आगमख़ कख़ ्थान य ऺरकार कख़ आिंव्त करॕ
ड ) ्थान य चॏनाि कख़ करानॕ कॕ वलए राय चॏनाि आयख़ग का गठन वकया गया
46. Literacy rate measures the proportion of literate population in the …….and above age
group .
ऺाषरतादर आयॏ िगष और उऺऺॕ अविक आयॏ िगष मं ऺाषर जनऺंया कॕ अनॏपात कख़ मापत ऻॖ
a) Five b) Six c) Seven d) Eight
अ ) पां च ि ) छ: ऺ ) ऺात ड ) आठ
Section –C
(Attempt Any 10 out of 12)
Read the source given below and answer the Questions by choosing the most appropriate
option
क र ढं ु बज रनं त :ं
(1) A few economists think that Indian farmers have a bleak future if they continue growing food
grains on the holdings that grow smaller and smaller as the population rises. )ndia s rural
population is about 833 million (2011) which depends upon 250 million (approximate) hectares of
agricultural land, an average of less than half a hectare per person.
Indian farmers should diversify their cropping pattern from cereals to high-value crops. This will
increase incomes and reduce environmental degradation simultaneously. Because fruits, medicinal
herbs, flowers, vegetables, bio-diesel crops like jatropha and jojoba need much less irrigation than
rice or sugarcane. )ndia s diverse climate can be harnessed to grow a wide range of high-value
crops.
(47) Why is the future of Indian farmers bleak according to some economists?
(a) they are growing bio diesel crops
(b) India’s diverse climate can be harnessed to grow a wide range of high-value crops.
(c) They have lot of money.
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(d) They continue growing food grains on the holdings that grow smaller and smaller as the
population rises.
(48) What was seen as a disaster in 1960 ?
(a) Export of food crops
(b) Shifting Agriculture
(c) Horticulture
(d) Import food crops
(49) How can climate diversity in India be harnessed?
(a) Import food crops
(b) grow a wide range of high-value crops.
(c) using irrigation
(d) Export of food crops
(50) Which is the bio diesel crop ?
(a) Rice (b) Wheat
(c) Jojoba (d) sugarcane
(51) What is the rural population of India as per 2011 census? ( in million )
(a) 600 (b) 833
(c) 564 (d) 782
(52) Why should Indian farmers diversify their cropping pattern from food grains to high
value crops?
(a) to increase incomes and reduce environmental degradation
(b) to feed their family
(c) for the welfare of people
(d) to decrease incomes and produce environmental degradation
ण ार ंक ा क ा ं ा ब ् ा क ं ायान
ा ा ा ं ् ा ढ ा ा ।ं ा ी रा ् ा ल
210
ब बल ( ( ब बल ( ाब ( ् ब् ब ब ण , रब यबि
ा ् ।
ा क ा ं ल रा ायान च ज ाल लं ं ब ब ा ला ा ाब ।
ं बध ा ाण ्ष ् ा। ् ंक लं, ् ़- र ं, लं, ब् ं, -
ल लं ा ा ा ल ा न ी ल ा ं ु ह ा ी ा ।
च ज ाल लं ी ब ् र ला ब ब बल ा ीब ब ल ा ा क ा ा
ा ।
(47) ण ाबर ं ा ा क ा ं ा ब ् ा ् ं ?
( ( ल लं ा ं
( ( च ज ाल लं ी ब ् र ला ब ब बल ा ीब ब ल ा ा क ा
ा ा ।
( ( ा ु ा ।
( ( ं ायान ा ा ा ं ् ा ढ ा ा ं।
(48) 1960 ं ा ं् ा ा ा ा?
( ( ाय लं ा ब ाण
( ( ब् ् ा ा ्
( ( ा ा
( ( ाय लं ा ा
(49) ा ं ल ा ब ब ा ा क ा ा ा ?
( ( ाय लं ा ा ं।
( ( च ज ाल लं ी ब ् र ला ब ब ं।
( ( ह ा ा ा।
211
( ( ाय लं ा ब ाण
(50) ल ल ?
( ( ा ल ( ( ह
( ( ा ( ( ना
(51) 2011 ी ् ा ा ा ी रा ् ् ाक ? (ब बल ं)
( ( 600 ( ( 833
( ( 564 ( ( 782
(52) ा क ा ं ल ण ायान च ज ाल लं ं ब ब ा ् ं ला ा ाब ?
( ( ढा ाण ् ष ् बल
( ( र ा ब ला बल
( ( ल ं ज ा् बल
( ( ाण ् ष ् ा बल
Read the source given below and answer the Questions by choosing the most appropriate
option
क र ढं ु बज रनं त :ं
In the German regions a large number of political associations whose members were middle-
class professionals, businessmen and prosperous artisans came together in the city of
Frankfurt and decided to vote for an all-German National Assembly. On 18 May 1848, 831
elected representatives marched in a festive procession to take their places in the Frankfurt
parliament convened in the Church of St Paul. They drafted a constitution for a German
nation to be headed by a monarchy subject to a parliament. When the deputies offered the
crown on these terms to Friedrich Wilhelm IV, King of Prussia, he rejected it and joined
other monarchs to oppose the elected assembly.
(53) What was the purpose behind convening this assembly ?
(a) to draft a constitution
212
(b) for revolution
(c) To give political rights to women
(d) To remove the king of Pursia
(54) Who was Friedrich Wilhelm IV ?
(a) King of Prussia (b) leader of farmers
(c) leader of artisans (d) leader of Europe
(55) What was the reason behind disbanding of this parliament ?
(a) because It was dominated by worker (b) because It was dominated by women
(c) because It was dominated by Artisans (d) It was dominated by middle class
(56) Which of the following picture hung in the hall of this assembly ? Choose the correct
answer.
(a) Germania (b) Statue of Unity
(c) Statue of Liberty (d) king of Germany
(57) Who had more influence(domination) in Frankfurt Parliament?
(a) workers (b) Artisans
(c) women (d) Middle class
(58) How were women admitted in Frankfurt parliament ?
(a) They were given political right
(b) They were included in the assembly
(c) they were only observers to stand in the visiters’ gallery
(d) Women had no role in the revolution
ण षरं ं ़ ् ा ं ा ब ,ब ् ् ण ,
य ा ध ा , रं ण ं ा ब ल ण ल ं ल बल
ा ा ला क ा। 18 1848 , 831 ब ाणब रब ब ब ं ं ल ण ं ब
रं ण ं ल बल ् ल ं ा णक ा। ् ं ण ार बल
ा ा ् ं ब ा ा ा ा क ा। ब ् ं रब ा ा ार र
213
ब ज IV ा ी ी, ् ं ् ा क ा ब ाणब ब ा ा ाब
बल ् ा ां ं ाब ल ।
(53) ा ला ् ा द ा?
( ( ब ा ा ा ा बल
( ( िाब बल
( ( ब लां ा ब ब ा बल
( ( ् ण ा ा ा ा बल
(54) र र ब ज IV ?
( ( रब ा ा ा ( ( क ा ं ा
( ( ा ं ा ( ( ा
(55) ् ा ा ् ा?
( ( ् ंक ं ़ ं ार ् ा ( ( ् ंक ं ब लां ा ण् ा
( ( ् ंक ा ं ार ् ा ( ( ् ण ार ् ा
(56) ब नबलब ं ाब र ा ल ंल ाु ? त ा ं।
( ( णब ा ( ( ा ी रब ा
( ( ् ् बल ी ( ( ण ा ा
(57) रं ण ंक ा ब र ा ( ्ण ) ा?
( ( ़ ( ( ा
( ( ब ला ( ( ् ण
(58) रं ण ं ब लां क र ा र क ा ा?
( ( ् ं ा ब ब ा क ा ा ा
214
( ( ब ा ा ं ाब ल
( ( ं ी ल ं ़ बल ल ण ष
( ( िाब ं ब लां ी ब ा ं
Section –D
(Attempt both the map based questions)
On given outline map of India , identify the locations with the help of specified information.
भारत कॕ मानवचर पर द गय ऺॐचनाओ कॕ आिार पर वचतित ्थानख़ं क पऻचान ऻॕ तॏ ऺऻ विकप चॏनॕ
59. On the political map of India ‘A’ is marked as a Dam. Identify it from the following option.
भारत कॕ मानवचर पर A’ ्थान पर िां ि कख़ वचतित वकया गया ऻॖ , वदए गए विकपख़ं मं ऺॕ ऺऻ विकप
चॏनॕ
215
a. Salal Dam ऺलाल िां ि
b. Rana Pratap Sagar Dam राणा रताप ऺागर िां ि
c. Hirakud Dam ऻ राकॏंड िां ि
d. Bhakra Nangal Dam भाकरा नां गल िां ि
60. Identify the state and associated crop marked as ‘B’ and choose the correct option.
वदए गए विकपख़ं मं ऺॕ ्थान B पर फऺल और राय का ऺऻ मॕल चॏवनए
(A) Karnataka- Tea कनाष ्क – चाय
(B) Kerala- Sugarcane कॕरल – गना
(C) Karnataka – Coffee कनाष ्क – कॗफ़
(D) Telangana – Cotton तॕलंगाना – कपाऺ
Kendriya Vidyalaya Sangathan (Jaipur Region)

Term -1 2021-22 Sample paper-3
CLASS- X Sub: Social Science (087)
Marks – 40 Time 90 minutes
__________________________________________________________________________________________
General Instructions.
1. The Question paper contains four Sections

2. Section A has 24 Questions. Attempt any 20 questions.
3. Section has 22 Questions Attempt any 10 Questions
4. Section C has 12 questions (case based) Attempt any 10 questions
5. Section D contains 2 map-based Questions. Attempt both the Questions.
6. All Questions Carry equal marks.
_______________________________________________________________________________________
__
216
ा ा् ब े
1. रन र ा ा ंI
2. ा A ं 24 रन ं ब ं 20 रन ा ब ा ण ंI
3. ा B ं 22 रन ं ब ं 18 रन ा ब ा ण ंI
4. ा C ं 12 रन case based ं ब ं 10 रन ा ब ा ण ंI
5. ा D ं 2 रन ा ब र ार ं ं रन ा ब ा ण ंI
6. रनं ा ंI
7. ा ा् ं ाI
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_
Section-A
(Attempt any 20 out of 24 Questions)

______________________________________________________________________________
____________
Q.1 What were the large land owners of Prussia Known as?
(a) Kulaks b Mahanta s (c) Pykars (d) Junkers
र ा ़ -् ाब ं क ा ा ा ा ा ा?
(A) ल् (b) (c) ण (d) ण
Q.2 Who was called "Bismark of Italy" ?
(a) Giuseppe Mazzini (b) Giuseppe Garibaldi
(c) count camillo de Cavour (d) Frederic Sorrieu
" ल ाब ् ा ण क ा ा ा ?
217
(a) ् ब् (b) ् ाज
(c) ा ब ल ा (d) र र ा
_______________________________________________________________________________________
___
Q.3 The Weavers of Silesia led a revolt in 1845 against whom?
(a) Wealthy people (b) Contractors
(c) Social Workers (d) Farmers
1845 ब लब ा ं ाब र ब न ं क ब ला ा?
(a) ल ं ब ला (b) ा ं ब ला
(c) ा ाब ा ण ाणं ब ला (d) क ा ं ब ला
______________________________________________________________________________________
Q.4 Who described Mazzini as the "Most dangerous enemy to our Social order"?
(a) Bismark (b) Garibaldi
(c) Johann Gottfried Herder (d) Duke Metternich
् ब क ा ाब य ् ा ा ा ा ा"
(a) ब ् ा ण (b) ाज
(c) ा रा ण (d) य ब
_______________________________________________________________________________________
___
Q.5 Name the Countries which participated in the Vienna Congress of 1815?
(a) America, Russia and Germany (b) France, Russia and a Turkey
(c) Britain, France and Russia (d) Russia, China and Japan
ब ा ार 1815 ं ब न ं क ं ा बल ा ा ?
218
(a) र ा, ण (b) रा , ी
(c ) बर , रा (d) , ा ा
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Q.6 Identify the states where overgrazing is one of the main reasons for land degradation
(a) Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh (b) Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh
(c) Kerala and Tamilnadu (d) Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand
ा् ं ाब ा ब ा ् ा ् ब ब न ्ु ?
(a) ाण ्रर (b) ा ् ा ् र
(C) ल ब ल ा (d) ब ा लर त ा ्
______________________________________________________________________________________
Q.7 Resources which are found in a region, but have not been Utilised is called -
(a) Renewable Resources (b) Abiotic Resources
(c) National Resources (d) Potential Resources
ा षर ं ा ा ं ा ं ा ला ं ं
(a) ् ा (b) ा
(c) ार ा (d) ाय ा
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Q.8 When the top soil is washed away due to heavy flow of water down the slopes it is known as
(a) Wind erosion (b) Gullies erosion
(c) soil erosion (d) Sheet erosion
ा ी ा ा ाल ी ल ा ं
(a) (b) ाबल ा
(C) ा (d) ा
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_______________________________________________________________________________________
Q.9- What is the total geographical area of India ?
(a) 2.38 million sq. km (b) 2.28 million sq. km
(C) 3. 28 million sq. km (d)4.48 million sq.km.
ा ा ल बल षर ल -
(a) 23.8 ला णक . (b) 22.8 ला णक .
(C) 32.8 ला णक . (d) 44.8 ला णक .
_______________________________________________________________________________________
___
Q.10 Soil is generally sandy in texture and Saline in nature and Common Salt is obtained by
evaporating the water, Identify the type of soil –
(a) Alluvial soil (b) Black soil (c) Laterite soil (d) Arid soil
ा ल ल ् , ् ल ा च ा ा ा ् ल ा्
ब । ा ाब
(a) ल ा (b) ाल ा (c) ल ा ा (d) ् ल ा
___________________________________________________________________________________
Q. 11 Which language was recognised as the Office Language after independence in Sri Lanka?
(a) Tamil (b) Hindi (c) Sinhala (d) Telugu
रल ा ं् र ा ा ब न ं क ा्ा ा ा्ा ब् क ा?
(a) ब ल (b) ब ् (c) ह ल (d) ल
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Q.12 There is a third kind of government apart from the Central and the State government in
Belgium. What is this government known as-?
(a)Regional Government (b) socialist Government
(c) Provincial Government (d) Community Government
220
बज ं ्र ा ा् ा ला ा र ा ी ा ं ा क ा
ा ं
?
(a) षर ा (b) ा ा ा
(c) रा् ा (d) ा ाब ा
_______________________________________________________________________________________
___
Q.13 What is the linguistic Composition of Belgium?
(a) 56% Speaks French, 40% speaks Dutch and 10% speaks German
(b) 59% speaks Dutch, 40%, Speaks French and 1%. Speaks German
(c) 50%, speaks Dutch 40% Spooks French and 10% speaks German
(d) 59% Speaks French 40% Speaks French and 1% Speaks Gorman
बज ी ा्ा ाक र ा
(a) 56%, रं ा्ा 40% ा्ा 4% ण ा्ा ल ।ं
(b) 59% ा्ा, 40% रं ा्ा 1%. ण ा्ा ल ।ं
(C) 50% ा्ा, 40% रं ा्ा 10% ण ा्ा ल ।ं
(d) 59% रं ा्ा 40% ा्ा 1% ण ा्ा ल ।ं
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Q.14 system of government in which the powers are divided between Central Govt, and State Govt.
is known as
(a) Socialism (b)Capitalism
(c) Unitary form of Govt. (d) Federal form of Govt.
ा ी र्ाल ब ं ्र ा ा् ा ी बि ा ब ा वा ा ब ाब ी
,ं ा ा ा् ा -
(a) ा ा (b) ा
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(C) ा् ा य ् ा (d) ा् ा य ् ा
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Q.15 Which Subjects are included in concurrent list -
(a) Banking, Communication, currency (b) Police, Trade, Agriculture, irrigation
(c) Railways, Defence, External Affairs (d) Education, Forests and marriage
ी ं ब ् ाब ल क ं
(a) ंक , ा , रा (b) बल , या ा , ब्, ह ा
(C) ज , षा, ब ा ल (d) ब षा, ब ा
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Q-16 When Power is taken away from central and State Govt, and given to local govt it is called -
(a) Coalition Govt. (b) Autonomous Body
(c) Decentralisation of Govt. (d) Centralisation of Govt.
ंर ा् ा बि ा ल ् ा ा ं ा ा ा ा
(a) ब ल ल ा (b) ् ा त ा ब ा
(C) ा ाब ्र ् (d) ा ा ्र ्-
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Q.17 When was the third-tier of democracy made more Powerful and effective -
(a)In 1920 (b) After 1992 (C) Before 1947 (d) After 2004
ल र ं ् ी ा बि ाल र ा ाल -
(a) 1920 ं (b) 1992 ा (C) 1947 ल (d) 2004 ा
Q-18 National development is measured by -
(a) Average Income and Per capita income (b) Net attendance Ratio
(C) National Income (d) Human Development Index

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ार ब ा ा ा ब न ं क ा क ा ा ा -
(a) ा रब यबि (b) ल ब् ब
(C) ार (d) ा ब ा ा
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Q-19 A person is considered as overweight if his Body Mass Index (BMI) is ....
(a) above 25kg (b)less than 18 kg.

(C) less than 20 kg. (d) less than 22 kg.
यबि ा ब ा ा ा ा क ा रय ा ा
(a) 25 क ल ब (b) 18 क ल
(C) 20 क ल (d) 22kg
Q.20. Which organisation Publishes the human Development Report –
(a) UNO (b) WHO (c) UNDP (d) HDR
ब न ं क वा ा ा ब ा ा " ार ा क ा ा ा
(a) ि ार (b) ब व ् ा््
(C) ा ् ल ं र रा (d) ा ब ा र ण
Q. 21 Why Kerala has a low Infant mortality rate?
(a) Adequate health facilities and sufficient Income (b) Highest Literacy Rate
(c) Highest Net Attendance Ratio (d) All of above
ल ंब ् ् ं ं?
(a) ाणत ् ा्् ब ा ाणत (b) च ाष ा
(c) च ल ब् ब (d) ि
223
Q. 22 Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is the total value of ................ Produced during a particular year
(a) All goods and services (b) All final goods and services
(c) All Intermediate goods and services (d) All Intermediate goods & final goods and services.
क ब ् ्ण ं ् ाक ..................... ज ल ल ल ल ् ा ( . . .) ं
(a) " ् ं ां (b) ब ् ं ां
(c) ् ी ् ं ां (d) ् ी ब ् ं ां
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Q.23 In .............................this sector terms of employment are regular and people have assured work.
They are also registered and follow rules and regulations-
(a)Primary sector (b) Secondary sector
(c ) Organised sector (d) Unorganised sector
.................... ं ा णषर ब ंब ब ा ब बि ा ण ा ा वा ा
ं ाब ं-ब ब ं ा ाल ं
(a) रा ब षर (b) बव षर (c) र षर (d) र षर
Q.24 It is a situation where people are apparently working but all are made to work less than their
potential.
(a) Disguised unemployment (b) open unemployment
(c) Educated unemployment (d) Seasonal unemployment
ब् ब ब ंल ा ु ं लक ष ा ां ा ा ं
र ब् ला -
(a) र् न ा (b) ल ा
(c) ब बष ा (d) ा
Section - B
(Attempt any 18 out of 22 Questions)
224
Q.25 What is Napoleon called in the given picture?
(a)The Courier of Switzerland (b)The Courier of Sudetenland
(c)The Courier of Rhineland (d)The Courier of Leipzig
क ब र ं बल ् ा ा ा ा ?
(a) ब् ् लं ा र (b) र लं
(c) र ा लं (d) ल ब़ ा र
NOTE: Following question is for Visually impaired candidates in lieu of Q 25.
Identify the name of the Prussian king who was proclaimed germen emperor in a ceremony held at
versailles.
(a) William I (b) William II (c) Henery VII (d) Louis XVI
ब नबलब रन 25 ं बट ाब ् ा ं बल ।ं
ाण ं रब ा क ा ा ण रा बल ा ा क ा।
(a) ब बल I (b) ब बल II (c) VII (d) ल XVI
Q.26 Which one of the following is true about the "Treaty of Constantinople" of 1832?
(a)It recognized Turkey as an independent Nation
(b) it recognised Greece as an independent Nation
(c)it recognised Germany as an independent Nation
(d)it recognised France as an independent Nation
्् ंर ल ी ब " ा ं ब नबलब ं ा ् ा?
(a) ी ् र ार ं ा् ा
(b) र ् र ार ं ा् ा
(c) ण ् र ार ं ा् ा
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(d) रा ् र ार ं ा् ा
Q.27 Two statements are given below in the question as Assertion(A)and (R)reason read the
statement and choose the appropriate option.
Assertion(A): From the very beginning the French Revolutionaries introduced various measures
and practices like the idea of La patria and le citizen.
Reason(R): This was done to create a sense of collective identity among the French people.
a) both A and R are true and R is correct explanation of A
b) both A and R are true and R is not the correct explanation of A
c)A is true but R is false.
d)A is false but R is true.
रन ं क ं
ब (A) (R) ा ् ढं िब ज ं।
ब (A): रा िाब ार ं ला र लब ब ा ब ब न ा ं र ां
ी ी।
ा ् (R) : रा ल ं ं ा ब ा ी ा ा ा बल क ा ा ा।
(a) A R ं ं R, A ी या् ा ा
(b) A R ं ं R, A ी या् ा ं ा
(c)A ् लक R ् ।
(d)A ् लक R ् ।
Q.28 Match the following item in column A with the item in column B and choose the correct
answer from the option given below
COLUMN A COLUMN B
A) YOUNG ITALY i)CAVOUR
B) GERMAN EMPEROR ii)GIUSEPPE MAZZINI
C) ITALIAN NATIONALIST iii)OTTO VON BISMARCK
D) GERMAN NATIONALIST iv) WILLIAM I
(a)A-i, B-ii, C-iii, D-iv (b)A-iv, B-i, C-ii, D-iii

(c)A-ii, B-iv, C-i, D-iii (d)A-iii, B-ii, C-i, D-iv
ल A ं ब नबलब ल B ं ा ब ला क ब ज त
ं:
ल A ल B
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ा ल i)
ण रा ii) ् ब
ाल ार ा iii) ब ् ा ण
ण ार ा iv) ब बल

Q.29 Red soil develop a reddish colour due to the ________ in crystalline and Metamorphic rock .
(a) Diffusion of iron (b) Intense leaching
(c)low humus content (d)none of these
लाल ब ि कि् ल ा ् ण िा ं ________ ा ् लाल ा ब ब ।
(a) ल ार ा (b) रलह
(c) ् ा र (d) ं ं
Q.30 Match column A with the item in column B and choose the correct answer from the option
given below
Column A Column B
A) Green revolution I) Related to oilseeds
B) White revolution II) Related to agriculture
C) Yellow revolution III) Related to fish and fish products
D) Blue revolution IV) Related to milk production

(c)A-ii, B-iv, C-i, D-iii (d)A-iii, B-ii,C- i, D-iv
ल A ं ब नबलब ल B ं ा ब ला क ब ज त ं:
ल A ल B
A) र िाब i)ब ल ब
227
B) व िाब ii) ब् ब
C) ल िाब iii) ल ल ् ा ं ब
D) ल िाब iv) ् ् ा ब
(a)A-i, B-ii, C-iii, D-iv (b)A- iv, B-i, C-ii, D-iii
Q.31 Under ________ distribution of power, different organs of the government place at the same
level exercise different powers.
(a)Horizontal (b)Vertical
(c)Community (d)Social groups
ता _______ ब ् , ् ा ब ब न ल - ल बि ं ा र ।ं
(a) षब (b) ल
(c) ा (d) ा ाब
Assertion(A): The Parliament of India usually changes the basic structure of the Constitution.
Reason(R): India is a federal country.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is correct explanation of A
(b) Both A and R are true and R is not the correct explanation of A
रन ं क ं
ब (A) (R) ा ् ढं िब ज ं।
ब (A): ा ी ब ा ी ल ा ल
ा ् (R) : ा
(c)A ् लक R ् ।
(d)A ् लक R ् ।
Q.33 Which of the following is true about the unitary form of government?
(a) In a unitary government the power is divided between the central/union and the state
provincial government.
228
(b) All the powers with the citizens.
(c) Power is concentrated with the central government.
(d) State government has all the powers.
ा ा् ् ा ं ब नबलब ं ा ् ?
(a) ा् ा ं ं र/ ा् रा ा ता ा ा ा ा ।
(b) ा र ं ा बि ा।
(c) ता ं र ा ा ं कर ।
(d) ा् ा ा बि ा ं
Q.34 Panchayati Raj established true democracy as:
(a) It gives maximum power to the executive.
(b) It give power in the hand of the people.
(c)It makes Judiciary more powerful.
(d)It makes country corruption free.
ा ा चल र ी् ा ा र ा ी:
(a) ा ण ाबल ा ब बि ा ।
(b) ल ं ा ं बि ा ।
(c) ् ा ाबल ा ब बि ाल ा ा ।
(d) रटा ा ि ा ा ।
Q.35 Match the following item in column a with the item in column B and choose the correct
answer from the option given below
Column A Column B
A) Union list i) Forest
B) State list ii) Defence
C) Concurrent list iii) Agriculture
(a)A-i, B-ii, C-iii (b)A-iii, B-i, C-ii

(c)A-ii, B-iii, C-I (d)none of these
ल A ं ब नबलब ल B ं ा ब ला क ब ज त
ं:
ल A ल B
A) ंर i)
B) ा् ii) षा
C) ी iii) ब्
229
(a) A-i, B-ii, C-iii (b) A-iii, B-i, C-ii
(c) A-ii, B-iii, C-I (d) ं ं
Q.36 Identify the type of government by the given picture.
(a)Unitary government (b) Coalition government

(c) Monarchy government (d) Federal government
क ब र वा ा ा र ा ी ा ं
(a) ा् ा (b) ा
(c) ा ा ा (d) ा
Q. 37 consider the following statements regarding language policy of Indian Federation

1. Hindi was identified as the official language
2. Besides Hindi there are 21 other languages recognised as regional languages
3. English can be used along with Hindi for official purpose
choose the right option from the following
(a)1&3 (b)1& 2
(c)Only 1 (d)1,2 & 3
ा ी ा्ा ब ं ब नबलब ं ब ा ं:
1. ह ी ा ा ा्ा ं ी
2. ह ला ा 21 ् ा्ा षर ा्ां ं ा् ा रात ं
3. ब ार द बल ह ा र ा क ा ा ा
230
ब नबलब ं ब ज ा ं
(a)1 3 (b) 1 2
(c) ल1 (d)1,2 3
Q.38 In a________system, state government has power of its own for which it is not answerable to the
central government.
(a)Federal system (b)Community system
(c)Unitary system (d)Uniform system
________ र्ाल ं, ा् ा ी बि ब बल ंर ा रब ा ं
।
(a) र्ाल (b) ा ाब र्ाल
(c) ा् र्ाल (d) ा र्ाल

Q.39 Suppose there are five persons in a family and their total income is 20,000 rupees. What
would be the average income of each person?
(a)6,000 rupee (b) 4,000 rupees
(c) 5,000 rupees (d)10,000 rupees
ा लब क र ा ं ा यबि ं ी ल 20,000 । र् यबि ी ् ा
?
(a) 6,000 (b) 4,000
(c) 5,000 (d) 10,000

Q.40 Identify the type of sector with the help of clues given below.
● Workers enjoy security of their employment
● Rules and regulations are follow
● It provides payed holiday
(a)Unorganised sector (b)Organised sector

(c)Joint sector (d)None of this
क ं ी ा ा ् र ा ी ा ं।
● रब ा ा ी षा ा ल ं
● ब ं ब ब ं ा ाल ं
● ज ा र ा ा
(a) र षर (b) र षर
(c) ि षर (d) ं ं
Q .41 Two statements are given below in the question as Assertion(A)and (R)reason read the
Assertion A: transport communication and banking are some example of tertiary activities
231
Reason R: these activities generate service rather than good
(a) both A and R are true and R is correct explanation of A
(b) both A and R are true and R is not the correct explanation of A
(c)A is true but R is false.
(d)A is false but R is true
क ं
ब (A) (R) ा ् ढं िब ज ा ं।
ब (A): र ा ंक ब ब ब ं ा ् ं
ा ् (R) : ब ब ब ा ा ् न ,ं क ् ा
(c) A लक R ् ।
(d) A ् लक R ् ।
Q.42 What will happen when government fails to provide 100 days employment under MNREGA ?
a) No extra benefits will be given
b) The officer in charge will be punished
c) Unemployment allowance will be given
d) Food grains will be provided
् ा ा ा ा 100 क ा ा र ा ंब ल ?
a) ब र ि ला ंक ा ा ा
b) र ा ब ा ा
c) ा ता क ा ा ा
d) ायान ल् ा ा ा ा
Q. 43 _________ is used as the criterion by the world bank to classify countries into rich, low middle
income and low income countries
(a) Per capita income (b) Literacy rate
(c)Infant mortality rate (d)Life expectancy
_________ ा ब व ं वा ा ं ,ब न ् ब न ाल ं ं ी
बल ा ंक ा ा ा
(a)रब यबि (b) ाष ा
(c)ब ् (d) र् ा ा
Q.44 The following table gives the GDP in Rupees (Crores) by the three sectors:
Year Primary Secondary Tertiary
2000 52000 48500 133500
2013 800500 1074000 3868000
232
Calculate the share in percentage of the tertiary sectors in GDP for 2000 and 2013.
a) 57.05 & 67.35
b) 40.57 & 40.65
c) 45.35 & 75.05
d) 35.74 & 48.00
ब न ाबल ा षरं वा ा ल ल ् ा ( ़) ं ाण :
्ण रा ब बव
2000 52000 48500 133500
2013 800500 1074000 3868000
2000 2013 बल ल ल ् ा ं षरं रब ंब ् ा ी ् ा ं
a) 57.05 & 67.35
b) 40.57 & 40.65
c) 45.35 & 75.05
d) 35.74 & 48.00
statement and choose the appropriate option
Assertion (A): Human development report published by UNDP is a narrow concept of measuring
human development.
Reason R: it is based on the educational levels of the people, their health status and Per capita
income.
(a) both A and R are true and R is correct explanation of A
(b) both A and R are true and R is not the correct explanation of A
(c)A is true but R is false.
(d)A is false but R is true
क ं
ब (A) (R) ा ् ढं िब ज ा ं।
ब : वा ा र ाब ा ब ा र ण ा ब ा ा ी ी्ण ा ्ा ।
ा ्: ल ं बष ् , ी ् ा्् ब् ब रब यबि ार ।
(c) A ् लक R ् ।
(d) A ् लक R ् ।
233
Ques.46 what does infant mortality rate indicate?
(a) literate population in the 7 and above age
(b) the number of children that die before the age of one year as proportion of thousand live
children
(c) total number of children attending the school
(d) the number of children born in a year
ब ् ् ा ाण ?
(a) 7 ्ण ब ं ाष ् ा
(b) ा ब चं ा ं ्ण ी ल ाल चं ी ् ा
(c) ् ल ं ा ल ाल चं ी ल ् ा
(d) ्ण ं ाु चं ी ् ा
SECTION -C
(This section consists of two cases. There are total of 12 questions in this section. Attempt
any 10 questions from this section.)
( ं ् ण ं ल 12 रनं ं क ् ं 10 रनं ल ं)
Read the source given below and answer the questions by choosing the most appropriate
option:
क र ढं िब ज रनं त ं:
The first clear expression of nationalism came with the French Revolution in 1789. France, as you
would remember, was a full - fledged territorial state in 1789 under the rule of an absolute
monarch. The political and constitutional changes that came in the wake of the French revolution
lead to the transfer of sovereignty from the monarchy to a body of French citizens. The revolution
proclaimed that it was the people who would henceforth constitute the nation and shape its
destiny. From the very beginning, the French revolutionaries introduced various measures and
practices that could create a sense of collective identity among the French people. The ideas of la
patrie (the fatherland) and le citoyen (the citizen ) emphasized the notion of a united community
enjoying equal rights under a constitution. A new French flag, the tricolor, was chosen to replace
the former royal standard. The Estates General was elected by the body of active citizens and
renamed the National Assembly. New hymns were composed, oaths taken and martyrs
commemorated, all in the name of the nation. A centralized administrative system was put in place
and it formulated uniform laws for all citizens within its territory. Internal customs duties and dues
were abolished and a uniform system of weights and measures was adopted. Regional dialects
were discouraged and French, as it was spoken and written in Paris, became the common language
of the nation.
ार ा ी ल ् ट ब यबि 1789 ं रा िाब ा ु । ाक ा ा, रा ं 1789 ं
्ण रा ा ्ण ा ा । रा िाब ा ा ब ाब
234
र ण , ा ा रा ा र ं ब ा र ा ् ा ् ी ल । िाब
््ा ी क ल ार ा ब ाण् ं ा् ा ं । , रा
िाब ार ं ब ब न ा ं र ां ी ी रा ल ं ा ब ा ी ा ा
ा । ला र (ब ब ) लब ( ा र ) ब ा ं ब ा ा ब ा ं
ा ल ाल ि ा ी ा ्ा क ा। ण ा ा ल बल ा
रा ् ,ब ा ा ा ा। ् ् ल कि ा र ं ब ा वा ा ा ा ा ा
ल ल ं ल क ा ा। ार ा , ल ं ा क ा
ा। ंर र ा ब य ् ा ला ी षर ा र ं बल ा ा
ा क ा। र ा ज ा ा ात क ा ा ा ी ा र्ाल
ा ा ा। षर बल ं ् ाब क ा ा रं , ाक र ं ल बल ा , ार
ी ा्ा ।
Q47. The first clear expression of nationalism came with –

(a) The Industrial revolution of England
(b) The American war of independence
(c) The French revolution
(d) The Russian revolution
ार ा ी ल ् ट ब यबि ब न ं क ा -
(a) ्लं ी यब िाब (b) र ी ् र ा रा
(c) रा िाब (d) िाब
Q48. At the time of French revolution, it was under the rule of-
(a) Constituent Assembly
(b) An absolute monarchy
(c) Liberal monarch who supported the uprising
(d) None of the above
रा िाब क ा ा-
(a) ब ा ा (b) ्ण ा ा
(c) ा रा ब ् ं ब र ा ण क ा (d) ि ं ं
Q49. What changes came in the wake of the French revolution-

(a) The political and constitutional changes came in the wake of the French revolution.
(b) The social and economic changes came in the wake of the French revolution.
(c) The social and cultural changes came in the wake of the French revolution.
(d) The linguistic and cultural changes came in the wake of the French revolution.
रा िाब ा ् ा र ण ु -
(a) ा ब ाब र ण रा िाब ा ु
235
(b)रा िाब ा ा ाब ् ण र ण
(c) ा ाब ा् ब र ण रा िाब ा
(d)रा िाब ा ा्ा ा् ब र ण
Q50. The National Assembly took the initiative to……….

(a) Introduce centralized administrative system
(b) Formulated uniform laws
(c) Internal custom duties and dues were abolished
(d) All of the above
ल ं ल ……… ी ल ी।
(a) ं र र ा ब र्ाल ा र (b) ा ा ा क ा
(c) र ा ज ाब ात (d) ि
Q51. Which language become the common language of the nation-
(a) German (b) Polish
(c) French (d) Dutch
ा्ा ार ी ा्ा
(a) ण (b) बल
(c)रं (d)
Q52. Two statements are given to the question below as Assertion (A) and Reasoning (R). Read the
क रन ं ब (A) ा ् (R) ंक ।ं ं कढ ि
ब ज ा ीब ।
Assertion - From the very beginning, the French revolutionaries introduced various measures and
practices like the idea of la patrie and le citoyen.
Reason - This was done to create a sense of collective identity among the French people.
ब - , रा िाब ार ं ला र लब ब ा ब ब न ा ं र ां
ी ी।
ा ्- रा ल ं ं ा ब ा ी ा ा ा बल क ा ा ा।
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A. Both A and R are true but R is
not the correct explanation of A.
(b) A is correct but R is wrong.
236
(c) A is wrong but R is correct.
(d) A is correct but R is wrong
(a)A R ं ा R, A ी या् ा ा
(b)A R ं R, A ी या् ा ं ा
(c)A ् लक R ् ।
(d) A ् लक R ् ।
Read the source given below and answer the questions by choosing the most appropriate
option:
क र ढं िब ज रनं त :ं
The main characteristic of commercial type of farming is the use of higher doses of modern
inputs e.g High Yielding Variety seeds, chemical fertilizers, insecticides and pesticides in
order to obtain higher productivity. The degree of commercialization of agriculture varies
from one region to another. For example, rice is a commercial crop in Haryana and Punjab,
but in Odisha, it is a subsistence crop. Plantation is also a type of commercial farming. In this
type of farming, a single crop is grown on a large area. The plantation has an interface of
agriculture and industry. Plantations cover large tracts of land, using capital intensive
inputs, with the help of migrant laborers. All the produce is used as raw material in
respective industries.
In India, tea, coffee, rubber, sugarcane, banana, etc are important plantation crops. Tea in
Assam and North Bengal and coffee in Karnataka some of the important plantation crops
grown in these states. Since the production is mainly for market, a well-developed network
of transport and communication connecting the plantation areas, processing industries and
markets plays an important role in the development of plantations.
या ाब र ा ी ी ् ब ् ा च ् ा ा रात बल ब ा ं च
ाल , ा ा ब ण , ी ा ं ी ा ं ी च ा ा । ब् या ा ् ी
ब र षर षर ं ब न । ा ् बल , र ा्ा ा ं ा ल या ाब ल
, लक ब ा ं, ब ाण ल । ् ब् र ा ी या ाब । र ा ी
ं, ल ़ षर ं ा ा । ् ब् ं ब् य ा ा ठ ा । ् ब् र ा
ं ी ा ं ा ु ब ़ब ् ।ं ् ा , ब
य ं ं च ाल ं क ा ।ं
ा ं ा , ी, , ना, ला क ् ्ण ् लं ।ं त ाल ं ा ाण ं
ी ा् ं ं ा ा ाल ् ्ण ् लं ।ं क ् ा ् ा ा बल ा
, ् ब् षरं, र ् ् य ं ा ा ं ़ ाल र ा ा ्
ब ब ण ् ब् ब ा ं ् ्ण ब ा ब ा ा ।
237
Q53. The source given above relates to which of the following options –
(a) Jhuming cultivation (b) Intensive subsistence farming
(c) Commercial farming (d) Nomadic herding
क ा ा र ब नबलब ं क ब ज ब -
(a) ह (b) ब ाण
(c) ाब्ब् (d) ा ा ाल
Q54. Read the following statements and find the INCORRECT from the given options: -
1. Commercial farming depends upon monsoon and natural fertility of the soil.
2. In commercial farming transport and communication plays an important role.
3. Plantations cover large tracts of land.
Options:
(a) 1 and 2 (b) 2 and 3
(c) 3 only (d) 1 only
ब नबलब ं ढं क ब ज ं ं ल ा ाल ा :-
1 ाब्ब् ा ब ि ी रा ब ण ा ब ण ।
2 ाब्ब् ं र ा ् ्ण ब ा ब ा ं ।
3 ् ब् ब ़ब ् ी ा |
ब ज :
(a) 1 2 (b) 2 3
(c) ल 3 (c) ल 1
Q55. Which of the following option is not the characteristic of commercial farming –
(a) Use of HYV seeds
(b) Use of higher doses of fertilizers
(c) Use of hoe, Dao and digging sticks
(d) Use of pesticides
ब न ं ा ब ज या ाब ीब ् ा ं -
(a) न क ् ं ा
(b) ण ं ी च ा ा
(c) ाल, ा ा ी ब़ ं ा र
(d) ी ा ं ा र
Q56. ________is also a type of commercial farming. In this type of farming ___________crop is grown on
a large area.
(a) Intensive subsistence farming, single
(b) Primitive subsistence farming, double
(c) Plantation, single
(d) Mixed farming, mixed
________ र ा ी या ाब । र ा ी ं ___________ ल ़ षर ं ा ा ।
(a) ब ाण , ल
(b) क ब ाण , ल
(c) ् ब्, ल
238
(d)ब बर , ब बर
Q57.Which of the following is a commercial crop in Haryana and Punjab but in Odisha, it is
subsistence crop
(a) Sugarcane (b) Wheat
(c) Rice (d) Bajra
ब नबलब ं र ा्ा ा ं या ाब ल लक ब ा ं, ब ाण ल ।
(a) ना (b) ह
(c) ा ल (d) ा ा
Q58. The plantation has an interface of agriculture and _______.
(a) Industry (b) Transport
(c) Education (d) Communication
् ब्, ब् _________ ् ा ठ |
(a) य (b) र
(c)ब षा (d) ा
SECTION - D
(Attempt both the Map based questions) ( ा ब र ार ं रनं ल ं)
On the given outline map of India, identify the locations with the help of specified
information. ा क ा ा ब र ,ब ् ट ण ा ा ी ा ा ् ा ं ी ा ं।
239
Q 9. On the political map of )ndia A is marked as a Dam. )dentify it from the following options.
(a) Salal (b) Bhakra Nangal

(c) Rana Pratap Sagar (d) Sardar Sarovar
ा ा ब ा ब र A ा ं ब बन क ा ा । ब नबलब ब ज ं ं
ाब ।
(a) लाल (b) ा ा ा ल

(c) ा्ार ा ा (d) ा
Q . On the same map B is also as a major coffee cultivating state. Identify it from the following
options.
240
(a) Kerala (b) Tamil Nadu
(c) Assam (d) Karnataka
ा ब र B र ी ् ा ा् ं । ब नबलब ब ज ं ं ाब ।
(a) ल (b) ब ल ा
(c) (d) ाण
NOTE- The following questions are for the Visually Impaired Candidates in lieu of questions
59 and 60.
ब नबलब रन 59 60 ं बट ाब ् ा ं बल ।ं
Q59. Which of the following dam is located in Gujarat.
(a) Nagarjuna (b) Tungabhadra

(c) Sardar Sarovar (d) Hirakund
ब नबलब ं ा ा ा ं ब्
(a) ा ा ण (b) रा
(c) ा (d) ा
Q60. Which of the following is a fibre crop?

(a) Rice (b) Tea
(c) Jute (d) Wheat
ब नबलब ं - ा ल ?
(a) ा ल (b) ा
(c) (d) ह
______________________________________________________________
241
SAMPLE QUESTION PAPER-4 (2021-22)
TERM- I CLASS X
SOCIAL SCIENCE - CODE 087
TIME-90 MINUTES MM-40
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SECTION- A
1. Large land owners of Prussia were known as -
A. Nobles B. Jacobins
C. Junkers D. Peasants
र ा ़ ाबल ं क ा ा ा ा ा ा?
अ. ल . ब ्
. ण . क ा
2. A large part of the Balkans was under the_
242
A. Habsburg empire B. Ottoman empire
C. Bourbon empire D. None of Above
ाज ा ़ा ब ् ा क ारा् ा?
. ् ण ारा् . ण ारा्
. ण ारा् . ि ं ं
3. The Scottish people spoke _
A. French language B. German language
C. Spanish language D. Gaelic language
् र ल ं ी ा्ा _
अ. रं ा्ा . ण ा्ा
. ् ब ा्ा . बल ा्ा
4. The Frankfurt Parliament convened in the church of St. Paul on….
A. 15 May 1848 B. 8 May 1848
C. 18 May1848 D. 28 May 1848
रं ण ा ब ं ल ण ं ला ा ा ा?
. 15 1848 . 8 1848
. 18 1848 . 28 1848
5. In 1845 weavers in Silesia had a revolt against.
A. Government B. Contractors
C. Industrialist D. All of the above
1845 ं ब लब ा ं ं क ब ला ब र क ा ा?
. ा . ा
. य ब . ि
243
6. Which soil is ideal for growing cotton?
A. Regur soil B. Red soil
C. Arid soil D. Sandy soil
ा ा बल ब ि ण ?
. ब ि . लाल ब ि
. ् ब ि . ल ब ि
7. Which one of the following is a renewable resource?
A. Coal B. Petroleum
C. Solar energy D. Fossil fuels
ब नबलब ं ा ् ा ?
. ला . र बल
. ाण . ा ं
8. Which one is the example of Rabi crop?
A. Wheat B. Rice
C. Jowar D. Tea
ी ल ा ा ् ा ?
. ह . ा ल
. ् ा . ा
9. Which is the major Jute producing state?
A. Rajasthan B. Madhya Pradesh
C. West Bengal D. Goa
र ् ा ा् ा ?
. ा ् ा . ् र
. बि ाल . ा
10. Land that is left uncultivated for more than five agricultural years is called:
A. Pasture land B. Culturable waste land
C. Barren land D. Current fallow
ब ा ब ब् ्ं बल ब ा ़ ा , ला :
अ. ा ा ा ब . ब् ् ब
. ब . ण ा
244
11. Power sharing is desirable because it helps:
ठठA. To increase pressure on government.
B. To reduce possibilities of conflicts.
C. To generate awareness among people.
D. To increase percentage of voters.
बि ं ी ा ा ा ् ंक ा :
. ाक ा ा ढा ा ा ।
. ्ं ी ा ां ा।
. ाक ल ं ं ा ा ा ी ा ।
. ाक ा ां ा रब ढा ा ा ।
12. The word ethnic signifies:
A. Different religions.
B. Social division on shared culture.
C. A violent conflict between opposite groups.
D. A careful calculation of gains and losses.
् ' ा 'र :
. ब ब न ण।
. ा ा ् ब ा ाब ब ा ।
. ब ं ह ्ण।
. ला ाब ी ा ा ण ् ा।
. System of Checks and Balances means:
A. Horizontal distribution of powers.

B. Separation of powers.
C. Put a check on the exercise of unlimited powers of the organs of
government by maintaining a balance of power among various
institutions.
D. Federal division of powers
' ा ल ' ी र्ाल ा ल :
. बि ं ा षब ब ्।
. बि ं ा क ्।
. ा ं ी ब बि ं ् ा ा ब र् ् ाब ा|
. बि ं ा ब ा |
245
14.Which is not the example of Holding together federation?
A. India B. Spain
C. Belgium D. Australia
ा ा ् ा ा ् ा ं ?
. ब ा . ्
. बज . ्रबल ा
15. In which list subjects like Information Technology (IT) is included?

A. Union List B. State List
C. Concurrent List D. Residuary List
ारयब ी( ) ब ् ं क ं ाब ल क ा ा ?
. . ा्
. ी . र ्ा
16. What is the third tier of government known as?

A. Village Panchayats B. State government
C. Local self-government D. Zila Parishad
ा ् ं ा ा ा ा |
. रा ा ं . ा् ा
. ् ा ् ा . ब ला र ्
17. The number of seats reserved for women in the panchayats and municipalities are-
A. One-fourth B. One-third
C. Half D. One-fifth
ा ं ाबल ां ं ब लां बल बष ं ी ् ा -
. ा . ब ा
. ा . - ा ा
246
18. Percapita income is also known as?
A. Average income B. National income
C. Gross income D. Personal income
रब यबि क ा ा ा ा ा ?
. . ार
. ल . यबि
19. Which one of the following has prepared human Development Report?
A. UNO. B. WHO.
C. IMF. D. UNDP.
ब नबलब ं ा ब ा र ण ा ा ?
. . . . . ्ज . . .
. . . . . . . . .
20. As per MNREGA 2005 (Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act 2005)
the number of days of employment guaranteed by government is
A. 100 days B. 80 days
C. 150 days D. 120 days
ा 2005 ( ा् ा ा ार रा ् ा ा ब ब 2005) ा ा वा ा ा ा
ा क ं ी ् ा ?
. 100 क . 80 क
. 150 क . 120 क
21. In which Sector Banking is included.
A. Primary sector B. Secondary sector
C. Tertiary sector D. None of these
247
ंक क ् ं ाब ल ?
. रा ब षर . ा् ब षर
. षर . ं ं
22. Which sector is also called the Industrial sector?

A. Primary B. Public
C. Secondary D. Tertiary
क षर यब षर ा ा ा ?
. रा ब . ा ण ब
. बव .
23. Which one is an example of Public sector?
A. TATA B. AIRTEL
C. BHEL D. RELIANCE
ब नबलब ं ा ण ब षर ा ा ा ् ?
. ा ा . ल
. ल . र ला
24. Developmental goal for landless labour is -
A. Buying a land B. Buying a house

C. More days of work and better wages D. None of these
ब रब ं बल ब ा ल् -
. ब ा . ा
. ा ब क . ं ं
248
SECTION- B
25. By whom the following picture was made?
ब नबलब ् क वा ा ा ?
A. Frederic Sorrieu B. Cavour

B. Metternich D. Mazzini
. र र र .
. ब . ब
26 I- Napoleon destroyed democracy in France.
II- Napoleon introduced many administrative reforms.
A. I is correct II is wrong
B. I and II both are correct
C. II is correct I is wrong
D. I and II both are wrong
249
I- बल रा ंल र ा क ा।
II- बल र ा ब ा ं ी ी।
. I , II ल |
. I II ं ं|
. II ,I ल |
. I II ं ल ं|
27. Choose the correctly matched pair about the symbols and their meanings
A. Rays of rising sun - Independence
B. Broken chain - Being freed
C. Sword - Slavery
D. Black, Red, Gold tricolor- clothes
ब न ं र ं ं ा ं ़ -ं
. ण ीक ्ं - ् र ा
. ु - िक ा ा ा
. ल ा - ला
. ाल, लाल, ब - ़
28. The steps taken by French revolutionaries were-
I. A New tricolor French flag
II. New hymns were composed
III. French became common language of the nation
IV. Frederic Sorrieu was a French artist
A. Only I
250
B. I and III
C. I, II and III
D. I, II, III and IV
रा िाब ार ं वा ा ा -
I. ाब ा रा ा|
II. ी ा ी |
III. रा ार ी ा्ा |
IV. र र र रा ला ा |
. लI
. I III
. I, II III
. I, II, III IV
29. Which of the following are the features of Laterite soil-
I. It is the result of intense leaching due to heavy rain
II. It is useful for growing tea and coffee
III. It is deficient in plant nutrients
IV. It is found in Western Ghats, Southern states extra
A. I & II
B. II & III
C. I, II & III
D. I, II, III & IV
ल ा ब ि ीब ् ा ब नबलब ं -ं
I. ा ार ा ् रलह ा र ्ा
251
II. ा ी ा बल
III. ं ं ् ् ं ी
IV. बि ा , बष् ा् ं ं ब र ि ा ा ा ा
. I II . II III
. I, II III . I, II, III IV
30. Choose the correct pair from the following:
List I List II
A. Fruits & Vegetable Horticulture
B. Cotton Millets
C. Tea Oil seeds
D. Wheat Fibre
ब नबलब ं ़ा ं:
I II
. ल ् ा ा
. ा ा ाल ा
. ा ल
. ह ि
31. Consider the following statements about power sharing arrangements in Belgium and
Sri Lanka.
I. In Belgium, the Dutch-speaking majority people tried to impose their domination on the minority
French-speaking community.
II. In Sri Lanka, the policies of the government sought to ensure the dominance of the Sinhala-
252
speaking majority.
III. The Tamils in Sri Lanka demanded a federal arrangement of power sharing to protect their
culture, language and equality of opportunity in education and jobs.
IV. The transformation of Belgium from unitary government to a federal one prevented a possible
division of the country on linguistic lines.
Which of the statements is correct?
A. Only I B. I, II and IV
C. III and IV D. II, III and IV
बज र ल ा ं ता ा ीय ् ा ा ं ब नबलब ा ं ब ा ं।
I. बज ं ा् ु ् ल ं ज ् रा ा् ा ा ण् ी ब
ी।
II. र ल ा ं ा ी ब ं ह ला ा् ल ार ् ब बि ार ा क ा ा।
III. र ल ा ं ब लं ् ब , ा्ा, ब षा र ं ं ी ा ा ी षा बल ता
ा ी य ् ा ी ा ी।
IV. ा् ा ा बज र ण ा्ा ण ाब ब ा
ा|
ा ा ?
. लI
. I, II IV
. III IV
. II, III IV
32. Consider the following two statements on power sharing and select the answer using the
codes given below:
I. Power sharing is good for democracy.
253
II. It helps to reduce the possibility of conflict between social groups.
Which of these statements are true or false?
A. I is true but II is false
B. Both I and II are true
C. Both I and II are false
D. I is false but II is true
बि ं ी ा ा ब नबलब ा ं ब ा ं क ा त ा
ं:
I. ता ा ा ाल र बल ् ा ।
II. ा ाब ं ्ण ी ा ा ं ा ।
ं ा ् ा ् ं
?
. I ् , लक II ् |
. I II ं ् ं|
. I II ं ् ं|
. I ् लक II ् |
33. Belgium Shares borders with France, the Netherlands, Germany and ……?
A. England B. Norway
C. Luxembourg D. Italy
बज ा रा , लं , ण ........................... ा ा ा ।
. ्लं . े
. ल् ण . ल
34. When many countries of Europe came together to form the European Union, ………. was chosen
as the headquarter?
254
A. Paris B. Brussels
C. Rome D. London
ा बल ा , ........... ् ाल ं ा ा ा?
. र .र ज
. .ल
35 Match the followings-
Part -A (subjects) Part-B (List)
a. Education (i) Residuary

b. Defence (ii) State
c. Police (iii) Union
d. Computer (iv) Concurrent
A. a-iv, b-iii, c-ii, d-i

B. a-iii, b -iv, c-i, d-ii
C. a-ii, b -i, c-iii, d-iv
D. a-i, b -ii, c-iv, d-iii
ब नबलब ब ला -
ा - (ब ् ) ा - ( )
.ब षा (i) ब ट
. षा (ii) ा्
. बल (iii)
. ् (iv) ी
. -iv, -iii, -ii, -i
. -iii, -iv, -i, -ii
. -ii, -i, -iii, -iv
255
. -i, -ii, -iv, -iii
36 Which agency is responsible for conducting elections of local bodies?
A. Election commission of India

B. Central Election commission
C. State Election commission
D. NITI Aayog
् ा ब ा ं ा ा बल ब ् ा ं ा ा ् ा ?
. ा ब ाण . ंर ा
. ा् ब ाण . ब
37. Which statement is not correct about Federalism?
A. Two or more tiers of the government

B. Different levels of govt govern on same citizen
C. Sources of revenue for each level of govt are clearly specified
D. State govt can amend constitution
ा ा ं ा ं -
. ा ा ब ् ं|
. ा ब ब न् ा र ा ं|
. ा र् ् बल ा ् र ् ट ब ् ट
ण ं|
. ा् ा ब ा ं |
38. How many languages are enlisted in the VIII schedule of Indian constitution?
A. 25 B. 23
C. 21 D. 22
256
ा ब ा ी ं ंक ा्ां धक ा ा ?
. 25 . 23
. 21 . 22
39. Which of the following statements is correct about the GDP?
A. It shows how big the economy of a country is in terms of purchasing

power.
B. It shows the total product of a country in a given year without calculating
the national income.
C. It shows the number of people involved in production in the tertiary
sector in a year.
D. It shows the value of total goods and services produced in a country in a
year.
ल ल ् ा ा ं ब नबलब ं ा िय ?
. ा ल ा क ि बि ा ल ंक ी णय ् ा क ़ ।
. ार ी ् ाक ब ाक क ्ण ं क ल ् ा ाण ा
. ाण ा क ्ण ं षर ं ् ा ंक ल ाब ल ।ं
. ्ण ं क ं ् ाक ल ् ं ां ज ाण ा ।
40 Life expectancy at birth means:

A. Average expected length of life of a person at the time of birth
B. Average expected length of life of a person at the time of death
C. Average expected length of a child at the time of birth
् र् ा ा ा ल :
257
. ् क यबि ी बष ल ा
. ् क यबि ी बष ल ा
. ् च ी बष ल ा
. ि ं ं
41 In which state in India the infant mortality rate is lowest?
A. Kerala B. Bihar
C. Uttar Pradesh D. Punjab
ा ंक ा् ंब ् ?
. ल .ब ा
. त र . ा
42. Human Development Index compares countries based on which of the following
levels of the people?
A. Educational level B. Health status

C. Per Capita Income D. All the above
ा ब ा ा ब ब न ं ी ल ाक ा ं ा ा ?
. बष ्
. ् ा्् ी ब् ब
. रब यबि
. ि
43. The economy is classified into public and private sectors on the basis of-
A. employment conditions
B. the nature of economic activity
C. ownership of enterprises
D. number of workers employed in the enterprise
णय ् ा ा ण ब ब षरं ब न ं क ा ी क ा ा ?
258
. ा ी ब् ब
. ् ण ब ब ब ं ीर ब
. य ं ा ् ाब ्
. य ंब ब ा ा ं ी ् ा
44 Which of the following is not applicable for a worker, who works in the organised sector?
A. She gets a regular salary at the end of the month
B. She is not paid for leave
C. She gets medical allowance
D. She got an appointment letter stating the terms and conditions of
work when she joins work.
र षर ं ा ाल ा ा बल ब नबलब ं ा ला ं ?
. ंब ब ब ल ा
. ि बल ा ंक ा ा ा
. ब क ् ा ता ब ल ा
. ा ं ाब ल ा ब ं ा ु ब बि र ब ला ।
45. In which type of unemployment more people are employed than required?
A. seasonal unemployment
B. disguised unemployment
C. educated unemployment
D. all the above
क र ा ी ा ं ा ब ल ं ा क ा ा ा ?
. ा
. र् न ा
. ब बष ा
. ि
46 Manufacturing units in unorganised sector are:

A. not subject to government regulations
259
B. subject to government regulations
C. subject to central bank s regulations
D. none of the above
र षर ं ब ब ाण् ा ा :ं
. ा ब ब ं ं
. ा ब ब ं
. ंर ं ब ब ं
. ि ं ं
SECTION – C
(This section consists of two cases. There are total of 12 questions in this
section. Attempt any 10 questions in this section.)
( ा ं ् ।ं ् ं ल 12 ाल ।ं ंक 10 रनं ा र ा
ं ।)
Read the source given below and answer the questions by choosing the most
appropriate option:
क र ढं िब ज रनं ा त ं:
The French Revolution began in 1789, and within three years revolutionaries had
overthrown the monarchy and proclaimed a French republic. In France, Napoleon became
associated with Augustin Robespierre (1763-1794), the brother of revolutionary
leader Maximilien Robespierre (1758-1794), a Jacobin who was a key force behind the Reign of
Terror (1793-1794), a period of violence against enemies of the revolution.
Napoleon Bonaparte (1769-1821), also known as Napoleon I, was a French military

leader and emperor who conquered much of Europe in the early 19 th century. Born on
the island of Corsica, Napoleon rapidly rose through the ranks of the military during the
French Revolution (1789-1799).
After seizing political power in France in a 99 coup d état, he crowned himself

emperor in 1804. Shrewd, ambitious and a skilled military strategist, Napoleon
successfully waged war against various coalitions of European nations and expanded his
260
empire. However, after a disastrous French invasion of Russia in 1812, Napoleon
abdicated the throne two years later and was exiled to the island of Elba.
In 1815, he briefly returned to power in his Hundred Days campaign. After a crushing
defeat at the Battle of Waterloo, he abdicated once again and was exiled to the remote
island of Saint Helena, where he died at 51.
रा िाब 1789 ं ु , ाल िाब ार ं ा ा ा़ ं ा
रा ् ा् ी ््ा ी। रा ं, बल ब् ब (1763-1794) ा ़ा ु
ा, िाब ा ा ब् ब बल ब (1758-1794) ा , ब ा ाल
(1793-1794) र बि , िाब ं ब ला ह ा ी ब ।
बल ा ा ण (1769-1821), ब बल र ा ा ा ा ा , रा ् ा
रा ब ् ं 19 ं ा् ी ं ब रात ी । ् ण ाव ् , बल
रा िाब (1789-1799) ा ा ं ं ा् ला । रा ं 1799 ् ा ल ं
ा ब ता ् ा , ् ं 1804 ं रा ा ा ा ा।
, ् ा ाष ल ् ् ब ा , बल ल ा ण ारं ब ब न ं
ब ला ध ़ा ारा् ाब ् ा क ा। ालाक , 1812 ं ब ा ा रा ि ्
ा , बल ाल ा ह ा ् ा क ा ज ाव ंब ाणब क ा ा|
1815 ं, ष ं क ं ब ा ं ता ं ल । ा ल ी ल़ा ं ल ा ा ,
ा क ् ा क ा ं ल ा ा व बल ब ाणब क ा ा ा, ा 51 ्ण ी
ं ा|
47 Where was Napoleon born?
A. Elba B. Corsica
B. St Helena D. Greenland
बल ा ् ाु ा?
. ज ा . ् ण ा
. ं ल ा . र लं
261
48 When was Napoleon Crowned himself as emperor?
A. 1804 B. 1815
C. 1799 D. 1904
बल ् रा ब् क ा ा?
. 1804 . 1815
. 1799 . 1904
49 When was France invaded Russia?
A. 1804 B. 1815
C. 1814 D. 1812
रा ला क ा?
. 1804 . 1815
. 1814 . 1812
50 Match the following-
A. Events B. Years
a. Napoleon seized Political powers in France (i) 1799
b. French Revolution (ii) 1789
c. Death of Napoleon (iii) 1821
d. Reign of Terror (iv) 1793-94
A. a-i, b-ii, c-iii, d-iv
B. a-ii, b-i, c-iv, d-iii
C. a-iii, b-iv, c-ii, d-i
262
D. a-iv, b-iii, c-i, d-ii
ब नबलब बल -
ाि ्ण
. बल रा ा ब बि ं ् क ा ं (i) 1799
. रा िाब (ii) 1789
. बल ी ् (iii) 1821
. ा ा ाल (iv) 1793-94
. -i , -ii, -iii, -iv
. -ii , -i, -iv, -iii
. -iii , -iv, -ii, -i
. -iv , -iii, -i, -ii
51 Who was Napoleon?
A. A Religious Leader B. A Social Leader
C. A Military Leader D. None of these
बल ा?
. ा् ण ा . ा ाब ा
. ् ा . ं ं
52 In which battle Napoleon was defeated?
A. Battle of Agincourt B. Battle of Marathon
C. Battle of Waterloo D. Battle of Hastings
क ल़ा ं बल ा ा?
263
. ब ण ी ल़ा . ा ी ल़ा
. ा ल ी ल़ा . ह् ् ी ल़ा
The Green Revolution was a period when agriculture in India was converted into an industrial
system due to the adoption of modern methods and technology, such as the use of high yielding
variety seeds, tractors, irrigation facilities, pesticides, and fertilizers. Mainly led by agricultural
scientist M. S. Swaminathan in India, this period was part of the larger Green revolution endeavour
initiated by Dr. Norman E Borlaug, which leveraged agricultural research and technology to
increase agricultural productivity in the developing world.
Under premiership of Congress leader Lal Bahadur Shastri the Green Revolution within India
commenced in 1965, leading to an increase in food grain production, especially in Punjab, Haryana,
and Uttar Pradesh. Major milestones in this undertaking were the development of high-yielding
varieties of wheat and rust resistant strains of wheat. However, certain social activists
like Vandana Shiva are of the opinion that it caused greater long term sociological and financial
problems for the people of Punjab and Haryana
The main development was higher-yielding varieties of wheat, for developing rust resistant strains
of wheat. The introduction of high-yielding varieties of seeds and the improved quality
of fertilizers and irrigation techniques led to the increase in production to make the country self-
sufficient in food grains, thus improving agriculture in India. Also, other varieties such as Kalyan
Sona and Sonalika were introduced by cross breeding of wheat with other crops. The methods
adopted included the use of high-yielding varieties of seeds with modern farming methods.
The production of wheat has produced the best results in fuelling self-sufficiency of India. Along
with high-yielding seeds and irrigation facilities, the enthusiasm of farmers mobilized the idea of
agricultural revolution. Due to the rise in use of chemical pesticides and fertilizers, there was a
negative effect on the soil and the land (e.g., land degradation).
र िाब ा ा ब ं ा ा ् ा ं ब् यब
र्ाल ं लक ा ा ा, क ब ाल क ् ं, र् ं, ह ा ब ां, ी ा ं
ण ं ा । ् ा ं ब् ञाब ् ा ा ् ं, ब ण
ल वा ा क या र िाब र ा ा ब ् ा , ब ब ा ल ब ा ं ब्
् ा ा ढा बल ब् ा रयब ी ा ला ा ा।
264
ार ा लाल ा ार ् ं ा र िाब ं ु ,ब ायान ् ा
ं बध ु , ा ा , र ा्ा त र ं। ि ंर ल ् ह ी च
क ् ं ह ी रब ं ाब ा क ा ा
ालाक , ाब ा ाब ा ण ाणं ी ा क ा र ा्ा ल ं बल ब
ण ाबल ा ार ब त ् ा ा ुं । ् ब ा ह ी च ाल क ् ं ं, ह
रब ं ब ब बल । ं ी च ा ा ाल क ् ं ी ण ं
ह ा ं ी ् ता ा ् ् ा ं बध ु ब ायान ं ् ब ण ा ा ा
, र ा ा ं ब् ं ा ु । ला ा, ज ा् ा ाल ा ् क ् ं ्
लं ा ह ि रह वा ा क ा ा ा। ा ं ं ब ं ा
ं ी च ा ा ाल क ् ं ा ाब ल ा ।
ह ् ा ा ी ् ब ण ा ़ ा ं ् ा र ्ा क ा । ब ा ा ाल
ह ा ब ां ा - ा क ा ं ् ा ब् िाब ाब ा ा ा। ा ा ब ी ा ं
ण ं ं बध ा ्, ब ि ब ( , ब ष ्) ा ा् र ा ़ा।
53. Assertion (A): Green revolution increased the production of wheat and rice.
Reason (R): It is due to adoption of modern methods and technology such as HYV seeds,
tractors, fertilizers etc.
A. A is true but R is false.
B. A is false but R is true.
C. Both A and R are false.
D. Both A and R are True and R is the correct explanation of A.
( ): र िाब ह ा ल ् ा ं बध ी।
ा ् ( ): ब ं रयब ी ा , र् ,
ण क ा ा ् ।
265
् , लक ् ।
. ् , लक ् ।
. ं ् ं।
. ं ् ं , ा ् ट ् ।
54 When was the Green Revolution commenced in India?
A. 1968 B. 1966
C. 1965 D. 1967
ा ं र िाब ु ?
. 1968 . 1966
. 1965 . 1967
55 What is the negative impact of Green Revolution?
A. Air pollution B. Noise pollution
C. Land Degradation D. None of these
र िाब ा ा ा् र ा ् ा ?
. ा र ्् . ् ब र ््
. ब ष ् . ं ं
56 What are the varieties of wheat developed during the Green Revolution?
A. Sona B. Kalyan
C. Sonalika D. All of the above
र िाब ा ह ी क ् ंब ब ी ं
?
266
. ा . ज ा्
. ाबल ा . ि
57 Who led the Green Revolution in India?
A. Jawar Lal Nehru B. Dr. Norman E Borlaug
C. DR. Varghese Kurian D. M. S. Swaminathan
ा ं र िाब ा ् क क ा?
. ा लाल . . ा ण . ल
. . ी क़र . . .् ा ा
58 Production of which major food crops increased due to Green Revolution?
A. Wheat, Rice B. Tea, Coffee
C. Cotton, Jute D. Rubber
र िाब ा ्क र ाय लं ा ् ा ढा?
. ह, ा ल . ा , ी
. ा , .
SECTION-D
(Attempt both the Map based questions)
On the given outline map of India, identify the locations with the help of
specified information
267
B
9. On the political map of )ndia, A is marked as a Dam. )dentify it from the following options.
A. Rana Pratap Sagar

B. Sardar Sarovar
C. Hirakud
D. Tehri
59. ा ा ब ा ब र , 'A' ा ं ब बन क ा ा । ब नबलब ब ज ं

ा ं।
. ा्ा र ा ा
. ा
. ा
. र
On the same map, B is also marked as a major Coffee cultivating state. Identify if from the
following options.
A. Assam
268
B. Punjab
C. Karnataka
D. Gujarat
ा ब र , 'B' ी ी ाल र ा् ं ब बन क ा ा । ब नबलब
ब ज ं ा ं।
. ा
. ाण
. ा
KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA SANGATHAN, JAIPUR REGION

MODEL SAMPLE QUESTION PAPER -5
TERM-I 2021-22
CLASS- X SUBJECT- SOCIAL SCIENCE (087)
TIME-90 MINUTES MM-40M
ा ा् ब े :
1. रन र ं ा ।ं
2. ं 24 रन ।ं 20 रन ल ं ।
3. ं 22 रन ।ं 18 रन ल ं ।
4. ं 12 रन ं ( ा ला ार )। 10 रन ल ं।
5. ं2 ा ब र ार रन ।ं ं रनं ल ं।
6. रनं ा ।ं
7. ा ा् ं ।
SECTION – A
269
(Attempt any 20 out of 24 Questions 24 ं 20 रन ल ं)
1. From where do we get the first expansion of rise of Nationalism in Europe?
(a) Industrial revolution (b) American Revolution
(c) French Revolution (d) Russian Revolution
ं ं ार ा ी ल ब यबि ा ब ल ं?
( ) यब िाब ( ) र ी िाब
( ) रा िाब ( ) िाब
2. The liberal nationalism stands for:
(a) Freedom for the individual and equality before law
(b) Preservation of autocracy and clerical privileges
(c) Freedom for only male members of society and equality before law
(d) Freedom only for senior citizens
ा ार ा क ष ं :
( ) ा ष ा ा यबि ् र ा
( ) ब ा बलब ी ब ्ाब ा ं ा ष्
( ) ा ल ् ् ं बल ् र ा ा ष ा ा
( ) ल र ठ ा र ं बल ् र ा
3. Which one of the following is not true regarding the Balkan Problem ?
(a) The Balkan states were very jealous of each other.
(b) Each state wanted to gain more territory at the expense of others.
(c) The Balkan was also the scene of big power rivalry.
(d) The Balkan was not under the control of Ottoman Empire.
ब न ं ा ' ाज ् ा ' ा ं ं ?
( ) ाज ा् ं ु ् ाण |
( ) र् ा् ं ा ब षर रात ा ा ा ाI
( ) ाज ं ़ बि रब वबव ा I
( ) ाज ण ारा् ब र् ं ं |
4. Who were the ‘Junkers’?
(a) Soldiers (b) Large landowners
(c) Railway workers (d) Weavers
‘ ् ’ण ?
( ) ब ( ) ़ ् ा
( ) ल ा ा ( )
5. Who was the English poet who went to fight in the Greek war of Independence?
(a) Lord William (b) Lord Victor
(c) Victor Emmanuel (d) Lord Byron
र ब ा ् र ा ्ण ं ा ल ?
( ) ल ण ब बल ( )ल णब ्
270
( )ब ् ल ( )ल ण ा
6. Choose the correctly matched pair
Column A Column B
Jute a- Millet
Rubber b- Golden fibre
Coffee c- Industrial crop
Jowar d- Plantation crop
Options
(a) i-b, ii-c, iii-d, iv-a (b) i-d, ii-c, iii-b, iv-a
(c) i-c, ii-d, iii-a, iv-b (d) i-a, ii-b, iii-c, iv-d
़ ा ब ला ीब
1
i . ा
ii . ् ्ण ा
iii फ़ी . यब फ़ ल
iv ् ा . ा ा फ़ ल
ब ज
- i-b, ii-c, iii-d, iv-a i- d, ii-c, iii-b, iv-a
- i-c, ii-d, iii-a, iv-b - i-a, ii-b, iii-c, iv-d
7. Waste land includes -----------------------------

(a) Land left without cultivation for one or less than one agricultural year
(b) Land put to non- agricultural uses
(c) Rocky, arid and desert area
(d) Land left uncultivated for the past 1 to 5 agricultural years
ब ं ाब ल -ं
. ा ब् ्ण बल ब ा ़ ब
. - ब् बल ब
. िा , ् ब ् ा षर
. ब ल 1 5 ब् ्ं ब ा ़ ब
8. India’s territorial water extends upto a distance of:
(a) 12 km (b) 12 nautical miles
(c) 19.2 miles (d) 200 nautical miles
ा ी ल ाक ला ु :-
. 12 KM . 12 र ल ल
. 19.2 ल . 200 र ल ल
9. The main cause of land degradation in Punjab, Haryana and Western Uttar Pradesh is:
(a) Mining (b) Over irrigation
(c) Deforestation (d) Over grazing
ा , र ा्ा बि त र ं ब ष ्/ ा ् ा ् :
271
. . ब ब ा
. ् . ब ा
10. Which of the following is not important for soil formation?
(a) Relief (b) Parent rock
(c) Climate (d) Duration of day
ब नबलब ं ा ा ब ि ब ाण् बल ् ्ण ं ?
. चा . ल िा
. ल ा .क ी ब
11. In Belgium, the French community was composed of ………………… .
(a) 54% (b) 40% (c) 46% (d) 56%
बज ं, रा ा ………… ा।
( ) 54% ( ) 40% ( ) 46% ( ) 56%
12. Which of the following countries does not share its border with Belgium?
(a) France (b) Netherland (c) Sweden (d) Luxemburg
ब न ं क ी ा बज ंब ल ?
( ) रा ( ) लं ( )् ( ) ल् ण
13. How many times was the Constitution of Belgium amended between 1970 and 1993?
(a) Three times (b) Two times (c) Four times (d) Once
1970 1993 बज ब ा ंक ा क ा ा?
( ) ा ( ) ा ( ) ा ा ( ) ा
14. Who elects the community government in Belgium?

(a) People belonging to one language community only
(b) Leaders of Belgium
(c) Community leaders of Belgium
(d) Citizens of entire country
बज ं ा ाब ा ा ा ा ?
( ) ल ा्ा ा ब ल
( ) बज ा
( ) बज ा ाब ा
( ) ् ा र
15. A system of government in which power is divided between a central authority
and various constituent unit of the country is called :
(a) Federalism (b) Communism
(c) Socialism (d) Democracy
ा ी र्ाल ब ं ं र राब ् ीब ब न ा ता ब ाब
, ला :
( ) ा ( ) ा् ा
272
( ) ा ा ( )ल र
16. Which country is an example of coming together federation?
(a) Belgium (b) United States of America
(c) Sri Lanka (d) India
ा ा ा ् ा ?
( ) बज ( ) ि ा् र ा
( )रल ा ( ) ा
17. Belgium shifted from a unitary form of government to …………...
(a) Democratic (b) Federal
(c)Authoritarian (d) Communist
बज ा ा् ………….. ं ् ा ा र ा।
( )ल ाबर ( )
( ) ता ा ( ) ा् ा
18. Which sector has emerged as the largest producing sector in India. Select one from the
following alternatives:
(a) Secondary sector (b) Tertiary sector
(c) Primary sector (d) Science and Technology sector
ा षर ा ं ़ ् ा षर ं ा । ब नबलब ब ज ं ं ा
ं:
( ) बव षर ( ) षर
( ) रा ब षर ( ) ब ञा र य ब ी षर
19. What will be the top priority in the developmental goal of a landless labourer?
(a) Expansion of rural banking (b) More days of work and better wages
(c) Metal roads for transportation (d) Establishment of a high school
ब ब ा ा् ल् ं ोच रा ब ा् ा ?
( ) रा ् ंक ाब ् ा ( ) ा ब क
( ) र बल की ़ ं ( ) ा ् ल ी् ा ा
20. Since the second half of the twentieth century, a number of scientists have been
warning that…………
(a) Health and nutrition is declining
(b) per capita income is unstable
(c) Levels of resources are not sustainable
(d) levels of development are not sustainable.
ं ा् त ा ण , ञाब ा ं क ………
( ) ् ा्् ्् ं ब ा ।
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( ) रब यबि ब् ।
( ) ा ं ् र ा ं ं।
( )ब ा ् र ा ं ।ं
21. What would be the most promising source of energy fifty years from now and why?
(a) Petroleum energy, because it is obtained from fossil fuels.
(b) Solar energy, because it is not exhaustible.
(c) Coal based energy, because it is pollution- free.
(d) Forest product-based energy, because India has abundant forests.
ा ाल ा ाण ा ा र ा ा ् ं?
( ) र बल ाण, ् ंक ा ं रात ।
( ) ाण, ् ंक ब ब ं ।
( ) ला ार ाण, ् ंक र ्् ि ।
( ) ् ा ार ाण, ् ंक ा ंर ारा ं ं
22. Kerala has low Infant Mortality Rate because:
(a) it has good climatic condition
(b) it has adequate infrastructure
(c) it has adequate provision of basic health and educational facilities
(d) it has poor net attendance ratio
ल ंब ् ् ंक :
( ) ी ् ल ा ब् ब
( ) ं ाणत ब ा ा ा
( ) ं ब ा ् ा्् बष ब ां ा ाणत रा ा
( ) ा ध ब् ब ा ा
23. Those activities, by themselves, do not produce a good but they are an aid or support
for the production process, are called……….?
(a) Primary (b) Private
(c) Industrial (d) Tertiary
ब ब ब ा, ं ् ा ं ,ं लक ् ा रकि ा बल ा ा ा
ण ,ं ……….?
( ) रा ब ( )ब
( ) यब ( )
24. Which of the following examples does not fall under unorganized sector?
(a) A farmer irrigating his field.
(b) A daily wage labourer working for a contractor.
(c) A doctor in a hospital treating a patient.
(d) A handloom weaver working on a loom in her house.
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ब नबलब ं ा ा ् र षर ण ं ा ?
( ) क ा ीह ा ा ।
( ) ा बल ा ाला क ा़ ।
( ) ् ाल ं ् ा ला ा ।
( ) ा ं ा ।
SECTION – B -ण
(Attempt any 18 out of 22 questions 22 ं 18 रन ल ं)
25.
Above painting “The dream of worldwide Democratic and Social Republics” was prepared by
whom?
(a) Ernst Renan (b) Frederic Sorrieu
(c) Grimm Brothers (d) Carl Welcker
"ब वया र ा ाबर ा ाब ् ा् ं ा ् व" ि ंट वा ा ा ी क ?
( ) ्् ण ( ) र र
( ) बर् ( ) ालण ज
Note : Following Question is for visually impaired candidates in lieu of Q. 25
Q. 25 Which of the following group of powers collectively defeated Napoleon?
(a) England, France, Italy, Russia
(b) Austria, Russia, Britain, Prussia
(c) Britain, Prussia, Russia, Italy
(d) England, Austria, Spain, Russia
: ब नबलब रन25 ् ा बट ाब ् ा ं बल :-
ब नबलब ं क बि ा ब बल ा ा?
275
( ) ्लं , रा , ल,
( ) ब्र ा, , बर ,र ा
( ) बर , र ा, , ल
( ) ्लं , ब्र ा, ् ,
26. Which among the following societies were formed by Giuseppe Mazzini?
i. Young Italy ii. Red Shirts
iii. Young Europe iv. Zollverein
(a) i, & iv (b) ii, & iii
(c) i, & iii (d) ii, & iv
ब नबलब ं क ा ी् ा ा ् ब् ी ?
i. ल ii. ् ण
iii. iv. ल ा
( ) i, & iv ( ) ii, & iii
( ) i, & iii ( ) ii, & iv
27. Which statement not related to German unification :
(a) Prussia fought three wars over seven years against Austria, Denmark and France.
(b) Prussian King William I was proclaimed as German emperor.
(c) Frankfurt Parliament was German national assembly formed by middle class.
(d) Garibaldi holds the credit of unifying Germany.
ा ण ी ् ब ं -
( ) र ा ा ्ं ं ब्र ा ा ण रा ब ला ध ल़।
( )र ा ा ा ब बल -I ण रा ब् क ा ा ा।
( ) रं ण ् ण वा ा र ण ार ा
( ) ण ी ् ार ाज |
28. Who was proclaimed as the king of united Italy on 1861?
(a) William I (b) Louis Philippe
(c) Victor Emmanuel II (d) Bismarck
1861 ं ि ल ा ा ंक ब् क ा ा ा?
( ) ब बल I ( ) ल क बल
( )ब ् ल II ( )ब ् ा ण
29. Identify the correct option with the help of clues given below-
 Contour ploughing
 Terrace farming
 Strip cropping
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(a) Measures for ploughing (b) Measures for soil conservation
(b) Measures for terrace farming (d) Measures for afforestation
क ं ी ा ा ब ज ी ा ं-
 च ा
• ा
• ब्र ि ह
. ा ा . ा ष् ा
. ढ ा ा . ् ा
30. What are potential resources?
(a) resources which can be renewed or reproduced
(b) Resources which are found in a region, but have not been utilized
(c) Resources which are surveyed and their quality and quantity have been determined
for utilisation
(d) those things which are composed of non-living things
ाब ा ् ा
. ा ् ण ् ाक
. ा ् ा ा ा लक ं बल ा
.ब ा ं ा ेष् क ा ा ा बल ी ् ता ारा ब ाणर ी
ा
. ं ब ी ं ं
31. Consider the following statements.
1. In a federation, the powers of the Federal and provincial governments are clearly
demarcated.
2. India is a federation because the powers of the Union and State Governments are
specified in the Constitution and they have exclusive jurisdiction on their respective
subjects.
3. Sri Lanka is a federation because the country is divided into provinces.
4. India is no longer a federation because some powers of the States have been
devolved to the local government bodies.
Find the correct sentences-
(a) 1, 2 and 3 (b) 1, 3 and 4
(c) 1 and 2 only (d) 2 and 3 only
ब नबलब ं ब ा ं।
1. ं, रा ा ं ी बि ं ा ् ट ा क ा ा ा ।
2. ा ा ् ंक ब ा ं ंर ा् ा ं ी बि ा ब ् ट
ण ं ा
- ब ् ं ब ् षराब ा ।
3. र ल ा ा ् ंक रा ं ं ब ाब ।
277
4. ा ा ं ् ंक ा् ं ी बि ा ् ा ा ब ा ं
् ा र ी ं।
ं ा -
( ) 1, 2 3 ( ) 1, 3 4
( )1 2 ( )2 3
32. In the Unitary form of Government,
(a) all the power is divided between the Centre/Union and the State Provincial
Government.
(b) all the power is with the few citizens. (c) State Government has all the
powers.
(d) Power is concentrated with the Central Government.
ा ा् ,ं
( ) बि ्र/ ा् रा ा ब ाब ।
( ) ा बि ा र ं ा । ( ) ा् ा ा बि ा ।ं
( ) बि ्र ा ा ब्र ।
33. Two statement are given in the question below as Assertion (A) and reason (R). Read
the statement and choose the appropriate option.
Assertion: Power is shared among different organs of government, such as the legislature, executive
and judiciary
Reason: Horizontal distribution of power allows different organs of government placed at the same
level to exercise different powers.
Mark the option which is most suitable:
(a) If both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
(b) If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
(c) If assertion is true but reason is false.
(d) If both assertion and reason are false.
क रन ं ब (A) ा ् (R) ंक ।ं
कढ िब ज ा ीब ।
ब - ता ा ब ब न ं ा ा ी ा , ब ाब ा, ा ण ाबल ा ् ा
ाबल ा |
ा ्: बि ा षब ब ् ् ा ब ब न ं ब ब न बि ं ा र
ी ब ा ।
ब ज ब बन ं ि :
( ) क ा ा ् ं ् ं ा ् ा ा ् ट ् ।
( ) क ा ा ् ं ं लक ा ् ा ा ् ट ् ं ।
( ) क ा ा लक ा ् ल ।
( ) क ा ा ् ं ल ं।
34. Match the columns:
a. Coalition Government (i) Each organ of the government checks the other
278
b. Civil War (ii) Government of more than two political parties
c. Check and Balance (iii) Power may also be shared among different social
groups
d. Community Government (iv) A violent conflict between opposing groups
Choose the correct answer from the option given below-
(A) a-ii, b-iv, c-i. d-iii (B) a-ii, b-iii, c-iv, d-i
(C) a-iii, b-ii, c-I, d-iv (D) a-I, b-ii, c-iii, d-iv
कॉलम लमलरन कर :
अ. गठबिन सरकरर (i) सरकरर क र्यक अग दस
ू र की िरि
ब. गह
र य्
ु ि (ii) द स अचिक ररिनीनतक दल की सरकरर
स. िक एड बलं स (iii) शज्त क ववलभ्न सरमरजिक समूह क बीि भी सरझर ककयर िर सकतर ह
द. सरमुदरनयक सरकरर (iv) ववर िी समूह क बीि हहसक सघषा
नीि हदए गए ववक्प स सही उिर िुनं-
(अ( अ-ii, ब-iv, स-i, द-iii (ब( अ-ii, ब-iii, स-iv, द-i
(स( अ-iii, ब-ii, स-i, द-iv (द( अ-i, ब-ii, स-iii, द-iv
35. Which language has status of the National Language in India?
(A) Tamil (B) Hindi (C) English (D) None of these
ा ंक ा्ा ार ा्ा ा ़ाण रात ?
( ) ब ल ( )ह ( ) र ( ) ं ं
36. Both the Union and the State Government can make laws on the subjects mentioned in
the:
(A) Union list (B) State list
(C) Concurrent list (D) None of the above
ा् ा ंकं बजलब ब ् ं ा ा ं:
( ) ( ) ा्
( ) ी ( ) ि ं ं
37. Prudential reasons of power sharing stress on the facts that:
i. It ensures the political stability of the political order.
ii. It reduces the possibility of conflict between social groups.
iii. It gives a fair share to minority
iv. It is the very spirit of democracy
Find the correct sentences-
(a) i and ii (b) i, ii and iv
(c) All correct (d) i, ii and iii
ता ं ब ् ा ब ्ण ा ् ब न ् ं ल क :
(i) ा ब य ् ा ी ा ब ब् ा ब बि ा ।
(ii) ा ाब ं ा ी ा ा ।
(iii) ज ् ं ब ब ् ा ा
(iv) ल र ी ा ा
279
ं ा -
( )i ii ( ) i, ii iv
( ) ( ) i, ii
38. Which one of the following statements is are correct regarding Federalism?
I. There are two or more level of Government.
II. Sources of revenue for each level of Government are clearly specified to ensure its
financial autonomy.
III. Different tiers of Government govern the same citizens.
IV. Federalism let to distribution of power in families.
(a) I, II, III & IV (b) I, II & III
(c) II, III & IV (d) I, III & IV
ब नबलब ं ा ा ं ?
I. ा ा ब ् ।ं
II. ा र् ् बल ा ् र ं ब त ् ा त ा ब बि बल
् ट ब ् ट
ण क ा ा ।
III. ा ब ब न् ा ा र ं ा ं।
IV. ा र ा ं ं ता ा ब ् ा ।
( ) ii, iii iv ( ) ii iii
( ) II, III IV ( ) I, III IV
39. Two statement are given in the question below as Assertion (A) and reason (R). Read
the statement and choose the appropriate option.
Assertion: Different people have different developmental goals.
Reason: The capitalist approach to development is detrimental to poor section of the
society.
(a) Both assertion and reason are true, and reason is the correct explanation of
assertion.
(b) Both assertion and reason are true, but reason is not the correct explanation of
assertion.
(c) Assertion is true, but reason is false.
(d) Both assertion and reason are false
क रन ं ब (A) ा ् (R) ंक ।ं
कढ िब ज ा ीब ।
ब - ल - ल ल ं ब ा ल् ल - ल ।ं
ा ्- ब ा रब ा बट ् ा ण बल ाब ा ।
( ) ा ् ं ् ,ं ा ् ी या् ा ।
( ) ा ् ं ् ,ं लक ा ् ी या् ा ं ।
( ) ् , ् ा ् ् ।
( ) ा ् ं ल ं
280
40. Choose the correct answer from the following:
Country Life expectancy at birth (HDR 2018)

a Sri Lanka 76.8
b India 68.8
c Pakistan 60.6
d Nepal 78.6
ब नबलब ं त ं:
् ी ्
( 2018)
( ) रल ा 76.8
( ) ा 68.8
( ) ाक ् ा 60.6
( ) ाल 78.6
41. Study the following table and answer the question below:
Region / Country Reserve (2017) Number of Years

(Thousand Million Reserves will last
Barrels)
Middle East 808 70
United States of America 50 10.5
World 1697 50.2
For how many years will the reserves of crude oil last in middle east, if they continue extracting it
at present rate?
(a) 50 years (b) 10 years (c) 70 years (d) 40 years
ब नबलब ाबल ा ा ् ं क रन ा त :ं
षर / र ण (2017) ( ा ब बल ्ं ी ् ा
ल) बष
् ण 808 70
ि ा् र ा 50 10.5
ब व 1697 50.2
् ण ं च ल ा ा क ्ं ा, क ण ा ब ाल ा ा ं
?
281
( ) 50 ाल ( ) 10 ाल ( ) 70 ाल ( ) 40 ाल
42. Assume there are four families in a country. The average per capita income of these families is
Rs. 5000. If the income of three families is Rs. 4000, Rs. 7000, and Rs 3000 respectively, what is the
income of the fourth family?
(a) Rs. 7500 (b) Rs. 3000

(c) Rs. 2000 (d) Rs. 6000
ा लब क ं ा र ा ।ं र ा ं ी रब यबि . 5000. क र ा ं ी
. 4000 . ि 7000, 3000 , र ा ी क ?
( ) 7500 ( ) 3000
( ) 2000 ( ) 6000
43. Find the incorrect option from the following:
(a) Secondary sector provides employment to a large number of people
(b) Secondary sector is also called the service sector.
(c) Secondary sector produces goods for local and international consumers
(d) Secondary sector uses mechanical power and modern use of labour
ब नबलब ं ल ब ज ं:
( ) बव षर ़ ् ा ंल ं ा र ा ा
( ) बव षर ा षर ा ा ा ।
( ) बव षर ् ा ार िां बल ाल ा ् ा ा
( ) बव षर ाबर बि र ब ा ा
44. According to 2017-2018 data, the share of different sectors in employment percentage in
India was-
 Primary Sector - 44%
 Secondary Sector - 25%
 Tertiary Sector - 31%
Out of the three sectors, why did the ratio of employment in Primary Sector high? Select the
most suitable option from the following:
(a) Low job opportunities in Secondary Sector
(b) Efforts of labour are not equivalent in all the sectors
(c) Outsourcing of job opportunities in Secondary Sector
(d) Workers in the Primary Sector are underemployed
2017-2018 ़ं ा , ा ं ा रब ं ब ब न षरं ी ब ् ा -
• रा ब षर - 44%
• ा् ब षर - 25%
• षर - 31%
षरं ं , रा ब षर ं ा ा ा च ् ं ा? ब नबलब ं िब ज
ा ं:
282
( ) बव षर ं
( )र र ा षरं ं ा ं ं
( ) बव षर ं ं ी ाय ा
( ) रा ब षर ं रब ज ा ं
45. Two statements are given in the questions below as Assertion (A) and Reasoning (R). Read
the statements and choose the appropriate option.
Assertion (A): Rakesh is an educated and skilled worker who earns a high monthly salary as he is
employed in a private bank in a city.
Reason (R): All service sectors in India are growing extremely well and each individual engaged in
any kind of tertiary activity earns a high income.
(a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
(c) A is true but R is false
क रनं ं ब (A) ा ् (R) ंक ।ं ं कढ ि
ब (A) : ा ब बष ल रब च ाब ् ण ा क
ं ब ं ं ा ण ।
ा ् (R) : ा ं ा षर ु ् ब ब ं क र ा ी
ब ब ब ं लन र् यबि च ् ण ा ।
( ) ं ् ,ं ी या् ा ।
( ) ं ् ,ं लक ी या् ा ं ।
( ) ् लक ् ।
( ) ् लक ् ।
46. Arrange the following in the correct sequence:

(i) Harvesting the crop
(ii) Selling the surplus production in the market
(iii) Sowing the seeds in the soil
(iv) Weeding in farming
Options:
(a) iii- i- ii- iv (b) i-ii-iii-iv
(c) iv-iii-ii-I (d) iii-iv-i-ii
ब नबलब ि ं य ब् ं:
(i) ल ी ा
(ii) ब ् ् ा ा ा ं ा
283
(iii) ब ि ं ा
(iv) ंब ा
ब ज :
( ) iii- i- ii- iv ( ) i-ii-iii-iv
( ) iv-iii-ii-I ( ) iii-iv-i-ii
SECTION – C -ण
(This section consists of two cases. There are total of 12 questions in this section. Attempt
any 10 questions from this section. ं ा ल ।ं ं ल 12 रन ।ं
10 रन ल ं। )
Read the source given below and answer the questions that follow:
The first upheaval took place in France in July 1830. The Bourbon kings, who had been
restored to power during the conservative reaction after 1815, were now overthrown by
liberal revolutionaries who installed a constitutional monarchy with Louis Philippe at its
head. ‘When France sneezes,’ Metternich once remarked, ‘the rest of Europe catches cold.’
The July Revolution sparked an uprising in Brussels which led to Belgium breaking away from
the United Kingdom of the Netherlands. An event that mobilised nationalist feelings among
the educated elite across Europe was the Greek war of independence. Greece had been part
of the Ottoman Empire since the fifteenth century. The growth of revolutionary nationalism
in Europe sparked off a struggle for independence amongst the Greeks which began in
1821.Nationalists in Greece got support from other Greeks living in exile and also from many
West Europeans who had sympathies for ancient Greek culture. Poets and artists lauded
Greece as the cradle of European civilisation and mobilised public opinion to support its
struggle against a Muslim empire. The English poet Lord Byron organised funds and later went
to fight in the war, where he died of fever in 1824. Finally, the Treaty of Constantinople of
1832recognised Greece as an independent nation.
नीच हदए गए र ि क पिं और सबस उपयु्ि ववक्प चन

ु कर र्नं क उतर दं :
र ब र रा ं ला 1830 ं ु । 1815 ा कढ ा रब कि ा ा ता ं ाल क
ा ां ा िाब ार ं ा़ ं ा ा, ब ् ं ल क बल ब ाब
ा र ् ाब क ा ा। ा ब र ् ् ी ,' रा ं ा ,' ' ा ी ल ।'.
ला िाब र ज ं ब र ़ ाब ल् ा क ् लं ल ा
। ाब ं ब बष ब ा ण ार ा ा ां र क ा, ् र ा ा
र ध ा। र र ं ा् ारा् ा ब ् ा ा। ं िाब ा ार ा ब ा
ाब ं ् र ा बल ्ण ी ी 1821 ं ु ।र ं ार ाक ं ब ाण ं
ाल ् ाब ं बि ल ं ण ब ला, ब ् ं रा र ् ब रब
ा ब । ब ं ला ा ं र ् ा ाल ं ा ा ब्ल ारा्
ब ला ्ण ा ण बल ा क ा। र ब ल ण ा ीय ् ा ी
284
ा ं ध ं ल़ ल , 1824 ं ा ी ् । ं, 1832 ी ् ब ा ी ब
ा ् र ार ं ा् ा ।
47. During the conservative reaction after 1815, a constitutional monarchy was established in
France, whose president was made?
(a) Napoleon (b) Victor Emmanuel II
(c) Louis Phillipe (d) None of the above
1815 ा कढ ा रब कि ा ा रा ं ाब ा र ् ाब क ा ा ब ा ् षक
ा ा ा?
( ) बल ( )ब ् ल II
( ) ल क बल ( ) ि ं ं
48. Which of the following incident marked the French Revolution?
(a) February Revolution (b) April Revolution
(c) October Revolution (d) July Revolution
ब नबलब ं क ा रा िाब ब बन क ा?
( ) िाब ( ) रल िाब
( ) ् िाब ( ) ला िाब
49. Which of the following treaty recognised Greece as an independent nation?
(a) Vienna Treaty of 1815 (b) Constantinople treaty
(c) Diplomatic treaty of Sardinia- Piedmont (d) ) None of the above
ब नबलब ं क ब ा ् र ार ं ा् ा ?
( ) 1815 ी ब ा ब ( ) ् ब ा ब
( ) ा् बण ा ी ा ब ब - ं ( )) ि ं ं
50. Fill in the blank from the given options
The ……………… poet Lord Byron organised funds and later went to fight in the war, where he
died of fever in 1824.
(a) French (b) Greece (C) English (d) German
क ब ज ं ं र ि् ा ी ् ण ं-
………… ब ल ण ा ीय ् ा ी ा ं ध ं ल़ ल , 1824 ं ा ी ्
।
( ) रं ( )र ( ) र ( ) ण
51. Who once remarked, “When France sneezes, the rest of Europe catches cold?” Identify
the best suitable option depicting the same from the following:
(a) Napoleon (b) Louis Philippe
(c) Otto von Bismarck (d) Metternich
क ा र ् ् ी ,' रा ं ा ,' ' ा ी ा ल ा ।'. ब नबलब ं
ाण ाल ोत िब ज ी ा ं:
( ) बल ( ) ल क बल
( ) ब ् ा ण ( ) ब
52 Two statements are given in the question belowas Assertion(A)and Reasoning(R). Read
the statements and choose the appropriate option.
285
Assertion A: On 18th May, 1848, 831 elected representatives revolted in the Frankfurt
Parliament.
Reason(R): The elected representatives revolted against the issue of extending political
rights to women.
Options:
(a) Both A and R are true, and Ris the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(d) A is false but R is true.
क रन ं ब (A) ा ् (R) ंक ।ं ं कढ ि
ब A: 18 , 1848 831 ब ाणब रब ब ब ं रं ण ंब र क ा।
ा ् (R) : ब ाणब रब ब ब ं ब लां ा ब ब ा द ब र क ा।
ब ज :
( )A R ं ् ं R, A ी या् ा ा ।
( )A R ं ् ,ं लक R, A ी या् ा ं ।
( )A ् लक R ल ।
( )A ल लक R ्
Read the source given below and answer the questions that follow:
Rabi crops are sown in winter from October to December and harvested in summer from
April to June. Some of the important rabi crops are wheat, barley, peas, gram and
mustard. Though these crops are grown in large parts of India, states from the north and
north-western parts such as Punjab, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir,
Uttarakhand and Uttar Pradesh are important for the production of wheat and other rabi
crops. The availability of precipitation during the winter months due to the western
temperate cyclones helps in the success of these crops. However, the success of the
green revolution in Punjab, Haryana, western Uttar Pradesh and parts of Rajasthan has
also been an important factor in the growth of the above-mentioned rabi crops. Kharif
crops are grown with the onset of monsoon in different parts of the country and these are
harvested in September-October. Important crops grown during this season are paddy,
maize, jawar, bajra, Tur (Arhar), moong, urad, cotton, jute, groundnut and soybean.
Some of the most important rice-growing regions are Assam, West Bengal, coastal regions
of Odisha, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Tamil Nadu, Kerala and Maharashtra, particularly
the (Konkan coast) along with Uttar Pradesh and Bihar. Recently, paddy has also
becomean important crop of Punjab and Haryana. In states like Assam, West Bengal and
Odisha, three crops of paddy are grown in a year. These are Aus, Aman and Boro. In
between the rabi and the Kharif seasons, there is a short season during the summer
286
months known as the Zaid season. Some of the crops produced during 'zaid' are
watermelon, muskmelon, cucumber, vegetables and fodder crops. Sugarcane takes almost
a year to grow.
क र ढं क रनं त :ं
ी ल ् क ् ण ं ं ा ् ण ं ं रल ा ा ।
ी ् ्ण लं ह, , , ा ं ।ं ालाक लं ा ़ब ् ं ा ा ं,
त त - बि ब ् ं ा , र ा्ा, ब ा लर , ् , त ा त र
ा् ह ् लं ् ा बल ् ्ण ।ं बि ्् ि ा ं ा ् ् ण ं
ं ा ्ाण ी ल् ा लं ी ल ा ं । ालाक , ा , र ा्ा, बि
त र ा ् ा ब ् ं ं र िाब ी ल ा णि लं ी बध ा ् ्ण
ा । लं ब ब नब ् ं ं ा ी ा ा ा ं ् ंब -
् ं ा ा ा ा । ा ा ा ाल ् ्ण लं ा , का, ् ा , ा ा, ,
, ़ , ा , , ल ा ।ं ् ्ण ा ल ा ाल षरं ं , बि ाल,
ब ा षर, रर , ल ा ा, ब ल ा , ल ा ार, ब ् त र ब ा
ा ( ं ् ) ।ं ाल ं, ा ा र ा्ा ी ् ्ण ल ा । , बि
ाल ब ा ा् ं ं ाल ं ा ी लं ा ा ।ं ं , ।
, ् ण ं ं ा ा ा ब ा ं
ा ा ा ा ।' ा ' ा ् ाक लं , ् , ़ , ब् ा ा ा लं ।ं न
ंल ाल ा ल ा ।
53. The three major cropping seasons of India are:
(a) Aus, Aman, Boro (b) Rabi, Kharif, Zaid

(c) Bhadava, Shravan, Vasant (d) Summer, Winter, Monsoon
ा र ल ं
. , , . , , ा
. ा ा , रा ्, . ी, ी, ा
54. Read the combinations showing the cropping season(sown) and select the correct option:
X: June-July
Y: October-December
Z: Around March
Options:
(a) X-Rabi, Y-Kharif, Z-Zaid (b) X-Zaid, Y-Rabi, Z- Kharif
(c) X-Kharif, Y-Zaid, Z-Rabi (d) X-Kharif, Y-Rabi, Z-Zaid
ल ( ) ाण ाल ं ढं ब ज ा ं:
X. ला
y. ् -क ्
287
z. ल ा ण
ब ज
-X , Y- फ़, Z-़ा . X- ़ा , Y- , Z- फ़
. X- फ़, Y- ़ा , Z- . X- फ़, Y- , Z- ़ा
55. Name a crop grown in the Zaid Season?
(a) Groundnut (b) Jute

(c) Mustard (d) Watermelon
़ा ं ा ा ाल फ़ ल
. ल .
. ं . ा
56. In Assam, West Bengal and Odisha, how many crops of paddy are grown in a year?
(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 1 (d) 4
, बि ाल ब ा ं ्ण ं ा / ा ल ी क लं ा ा ं
?
.2 .3 .1 .4
57. Name a crop grown during the Kharif season?
(a) Barley (b) Gram (c) Wheat (d) Jowar
ं ा ा ाल ल ा ा ा ?
. . ा . ह .् ा
58. In between two major seasons, Indian farmers take the best advantage of the brief interval
during the summer and grow _____crops.
(a) Kharif (b) Zaid (c) Rabi (d) All of the above
र ं , ा क ा ् ण ं ा बषत ाल ा ् ा ला ा ं
_____ ल ा -ं
. फ़ . ा . . ि
Section D -ण
(Attempt both the Map based questions ा ब र ार ं रनं ल ं)
On the given outline map of India, identify the location with the help of specified
information. ा क ा ा ब र ,ब ् ट
ण ा ा ी ा ा ् ा ी ा ं
288
59. On the political map of India A is marked as a Dam. Identify it from the following options.
(a) Salal (b) Bhakhra- Nangal (c) Tehri (d) Rana Pratap sagar
ा ा ब ा ब र a ा ं ब बन क ा ा । ब नबलब ब ज ं ं
ाब
. लाल . ा ़ा ा ल . . ा्ार ा ा
60. On the same map, B is marked as major coffee cultivating state. Identify it from the
following option.
(a) Karnataka (b) Assam (c) West Bengal (d) Gujarat
ा ब र ,b र ी ् ा ा् ं ब बन क ा ा । ब नबलब ब ज ं ं
ाब
. ाण . . . ाल . ा
289
ANSWER KEY SAMPLE PAPER-1
MARKING SCHEME TERM I CLASS X SOCIAL SCIENCE
1 (B) 1789 ( ) 1789
2 (A) Austria-hungary ( ) ब्र ा
3 (c ) Freedom for individual and equality before law ( ) यबि ् र ा ा
ष ा ा
4 (D) Giuseppe Mazzini ( ) ब ् ज
5 (B) Greece ( )र
6 (C) Ragi ( ) ा
7 (A) Exclusive economic zone
8 (C ) Alluvial soil ( ) ा ब ि
9 (B) Gullies ( ) ाल
10 (C) Uncultivated land ( ) ब
11 B. State ( ) ा्
12 (C) Horizontal division of power or power shared among different organs of the
government
290
( ) ा ब ब न ं ा ा ता ा बि ा षब ब ा ।
13 (A)the very spirit of democracy ( ) ल र ी ा ा
14 (D)Four times ( ) ा ा
15 (A) State ( ) ा ्
16 (B) 73rd and 74th amendment
( ) 73 ा 74 ा ब ा
17 (B) Federal ( )
18 (C)UNDP ( )
19 (B)HDI ( ) . . .
20 (C) it has adequate provision of basic health and education
( ) ं ब ा ् ा्् ब षा ा ाणत रा ा
21 (D) All of the above ( ) ्
22 (D) Per capita income ( ) रब यबि
23 (C) Social welfare and security ( ) ा ाब ज ा् षा
24 (A)MTMNL ( ) ल
25 ( A) Heroism and Justice ( ) ा ् ा
26 False ्
27 ( A) Bismarck ( )ब ् ा ण
28 ( B) Universal Adult franchise )) ा ण ब ् ाब ा
29 ( B) Indiscriminate ( ) ा
30 ( A) Biotic resource ( ) ब ा
31 ( C) Reduces the conflict between social groups
( ) ा ाब ं ्ण ा
32 ( B ) Sri Lanka (ि) र लंका
33 ( C) A is true but R is false.
(ऺ( A ऺय ऻॖ लॕवकन R अऺय ऻॖ।
34 (A) I-2, II-4 ,III-4, IV-3 ( ) I-2, II-4 ,III-4, IV-3
35 (A) Hindi ( )ह
36 (C ) Panchayti Raj ( ) ा ा
37 (B) I,II,IV ( ) I,II,IV
38 (C ) I,II ( ) I,II
39 ( A ) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
40 ( A) I-2, II-2, III-4, IV- 3 ( ) I-2, II-4 ,III-4, IV-3
41 ( D) All of the above ( )
42 D.Rs 6000
43 (B) 94
44 (D) 14-15 Year age group
45 (A) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
( ) A R ं ं R, A ी या् ा ा ।
291
46 (C) under nourished ( ) ब्
47 ( C ) The liberal politician who was an elected member of the Frankfurt Parliament.
( ) ा ा ा ब ञ क रं ण ा ब ाणब ् ा।
48 (D) Louise Otto-Peters. ( )ल ण
49 ( C ) as they are stronger, freer, bolder than women .
( ) ब लां ी ल ा ं ा ब ण ा ।
50 (D) 2, 3 and 4. ( ) 2,3 4
51 (B) Unnamed reader. ( ) ाब ा
52 (A) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
( ) ं ा ् ् ा ् ी या् ा ा ।
53 ( B ) British ( ) बरर
54 ( D ) I Only ( ) ल I
55 ( B ) Warm ( ) ््
56 ( A ) Assam ( )
57 ( B ) Tropical and Subtropical climate( ) ्् ्् र ल ा
58 ( A ) China ( )
59 TUNGBHADRA
60 मानवचरठमंठदशाष इएठ

1. (b) 31. (c)
2. (c) 32. (c)
3. (c) 33. (a)
4. (a) 34. (a)
5. (d) 35. (a)
6. (c) 36. (a)
7. (c) 37. (b)
8. (d) 38. (b)
9. (c) 39. (b)
10. (b) 40. (b)
11. (c) 41. (c)
12. (b) 42. (b)
13. (d) 43. (c)
14. (c) 44. (a)
15. (b) 45. (a)
292
16. (c) 46. (c)
17. (c) 47. (d)
18. (d) 48. (d)
19. (b) 49. (b)
20. (c) 50. (c)
21. (b) 51. (b)
22. (b) 52. (a)
23. (d) 53. (a)
24. (d) 54. (a)
25. (d) 55. (d)
26. (c) 56. (a)
27. (a) 57. (d)
28. (a) 58. (c)
29. (b) 59. (a)
30. (d) 60. (c)

Q.1 (d) Junkers
Q.2 (b)Giuseppe Garibaldi
Q.3 (b) Contractors
Q.4 (d) Duke Metternich
Q.5 (c) Britain, France and Russia
Q.6(b) Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh
Q.7(d) Potential Resources
Q-8 (d) Sheet erosion
Q.9 (c) 3.28 million sq. km.
Q.10 (d) Arid soil
Q.11 (c) Sinhala
Q.12 (d) Community Govt.
Q.13 (b) 59%, speaks Dutch, 40% speaks French and 1% German
Q.14 (d) Federal Form of Govt.
Q.15 (d) Education, Forest and marriage
293
Q.16 (c) Decentralisation of Govt
Q.17 (b) After 1992
Q-18 (a) Average Income and per capita Income
Q.19 (a) above 25kg.
Q.20 (c) UNDP
Q.21 (a) Adequate health facility and sufficient income
Q.22 (b) All final goods and services.
Q.23 (c) organised Sector
Q.24 (a) Disguised unemployment
Q.25(c)The Courier of Rhineland
Q. 26(b) it recognised Greece as an independent Nation
Q.27(A) both A and R are true and R is correct explanation of A
Q. 28 (C)A-ii, B-iv, C-i, D-iii
Q. 29(A) diffusion of iron
Q.30 (C)A-ii, B-iv, C-i, D-iii
Q.31 (A) horizontal
Q.32 (D) A is false but R is true
Q.33 (C) power is concentrated to the central government
Q.34 (B) it gave power in the hand of people
Q35 (C)A-ii, B-iii, C-i
Q36 (B) collation government
Q. 37 (D) 1,2&3
Q.38 (A) Federal system
Q.39 (B )4000 rupees
Q.40 (B) organised sector
Q.41 (A) both A and R are true and R is correct explanation of A
Q.42 (C) unemployment allowance will be given
Q. 43 (c) per capita income
Q.44 (A) 57.05 & 67.35
. Q.45 (D) A is false but R is true.
Q.46 (B) the number of children that die before the age of one year as proportion of thousand
children
47. (c) The French revolution
48. (b) An absolute monarchy
49. (a) The political and constitutional changes came in the wake of the French revolution. 50. (d)
All of the above 51. (c) French 52. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
53. (c) Commercial farming
54. (d) 1 only
55. (c) Use of hoe, dao and digging sticks
56. (c) Plantation, single
57. (c) Rice
58. (a) Industry
59. (c) Rana Pratap Sagar
60. (d) Karnataka
Visually Impaired Candidates
294
59. Sardar Sarovar
60. Jute

SR. ANSWER
N.
1 C. Junkers
2 B. Ottoman empire
3 D. Gaelic language
4 C. 18 May1848
5 B. Contractors
6 A Regur soil
7 C Solar energy
8 A Wheat
295
9 C West Bengal
10 C Barren land
11 B To reduce possibilities of conflicts.
12 B Social division on shared culture.

13 C Put a check on the exercise of unlimited powers of the organs of
government by maintaining a balance of power among various
institutions.
14 D Australia
15 D Residuary List
16 C Local self-government
17 B One-third
18 A Average income
19 D UNDP.
20 A 100 days
21 C Tertiary sector
22 C Secondary
23 C. BHEL
24 C. More days of work and better wages
25 A Frederic Sorrieu
26 B I and II both are correct
27 B Broken chain - Being freed
28 C I, II and III
29 D I, II, III & IV
30 A Fruits & Vegetable Horticulture
31 D II, III and IV
32 B Both I and II are true
33 C Luxembourg
296
34 B Brussels
35 A a-iv, b-iii, c-ii, d-i
36 C State Election commission

37 D State govt can amend constitution
38 D 22
39 D It shows the value of total goods and services produced in a country in a year
40 A Average expected length of life of a person at

the time of birth
41 A Kerala
42 D All the above
43 C ownership of enterprises
44 B She is not paid for leave
45 B disguised unemployment
46 B. subject to government regulations
47 B Corsica
48 A 1804
49 D 1812
50 A. a-i, b-ii, c-iii, d-iv

51 C A Military Leader
52 C Battle of Waterloo
53 D Both A and R are True and R is the correct explanation of A.
54 C 1965
55 C Land Degradation
56 D All of the above
57 D M. S. Swaminathan
58 A Wheat, Rice
297
59 A Rana Pratap Sagar
60 C Karnataka
Sample Question Paper-5

SOCIAL SCIENCE (087)
Answer key
1. (c) French Revolution
2. (a) Freedom for the individual and equality before law
3. (d) The Balkan was not under the control of Ottoman Empire.
4. (b) Large landowners
5. (d) Lord Byron
6. (a) i-b, ii-c, iii-d, iv-a
7. (c) Rocky, arid and desert area
8. (b) 12 nautical miles
9. (b) Over irrigation
10. (d) Duration of day
11. (b) 40%
12. (c) Sweden
13. (c) Four times
298
14. (a) People belonging to one language community only
15. (a) Federalism
16. (b) United States of America
17. (b) Federal
18. (b) Tertiary sector
19. (b) More days of work and better wages
20. (c) Levels of resources are not sustainable
21. (b) Solar energy, because it is not exhaustible.

22. (c) it has adequate provision of basic health and educational facilities
23. (d) Tertiary
24. (c) A doctor in a hospital treating a patient.
25. (b) Frederic Sorrieu Or (b) Austria, Russia, Britain, Prussia
26. (c) i, & iii

27. (d) Garibaldi holds the credit of unifying Germany.
28. (c) Victor Emmanuel II
29. (b) Measures for soil conservation
30. (b) Resources which are found in a region, but have not been utilized
31. (c) 1 and 2 only
32. (d) Power is concentrated with the Central Government.
33. (a) If both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of
assertion.
34. (A) a-ii, b-iv, c-i. d-iii
35. (D) None of these
36. (C) Concurrent list
37. (d) i, ii and iii
38. (b) I, II & III
39. (a) Both assertion and reason are true, and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
40. a Sri Lanka 76.8
41. (c) 70 years
42. (d) Rs. 6000
43. (b)Secondary sector is also called the service sector.

44. (d) Workers in the Primary Sector are underemployed
45. (a)Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
46. (d) iii-iv-i-ii
47.(c) Louis Phillipe
48. (d) July Revolution
49. (b) Constantinople treaty
50. (C) English
51. (d) Metternich
299
52 ( ) A ् लक R ल ।
53. (b) Rabi, Kharif, Zaid
54. (d) X-Kharif, Y-Rabi, Z-Zaid
55.(d) Watermelon
56. (b) 3
57. (d) Jowar
58. (b) Zaid
59. (c) Tehri
60. (a) Karnataka
300

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KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA SANGATHAN JAIPUR REGION

कं रीय वियालय संगठन षेरीय का्ााल् ज्परु

Question Bank/Study Material

कं रीय वियालय संगठन षेरीय का्ााल् ज्परु

SHRI B.L. MORODIA

SHRI D.R. MEENA ASST.COMMISSIONER KVS RO JAIPUR

SHRI G.R. MEENA PRINCIPAL K.V.JHALAWAR

And Course director

(1) MR. VIPUL SAXENA TGT S.ST. K.V. 2 JAIPUR

(2) MR. KALLA RAM MEENA TGT S.ST. K.V.JHALAWAR

Social Science is a compulsory subject up to secondary stage of school

Course Content Class X (2021-22)

Themes Learning Objectives

Theme Learning Objectives

Themes Learning Objectives

Themes Learning Objectives

Sectors of the Indian Economy • Identify major employment generating sectors.

Term II Examination/ Year-end Examination:

CHAPTER- 1 THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE

New middle class

A New Conservatism after 1815

Europe in Berne and Young Italy in Marseilles

The Age of Revolution: 1830-1848

❖ Only Sardinia-Piedmont was ruled by an Italian princely house.

❖ North was ruled by Austrian Habsburgs.

❖ The centre was under pope.

❖ South was under the Bourbon Kings.

❖ 1859 Austrian forces were defeated by France+ Sardinia-Piedmont alliance.

UNIFICATION OF GERMANY (1866-1871)

VISUALISING THE NATION

Nationalism and imperialism

वह एक ्रसीसी कलरकरर थ जि्ह न 1848 मं चिर की एक ्खलर

रास की ्ाति(्ासीसी ्ाति)

1789 मं , ्रसीसी ्रनत न रर्रवरद की पहली ्प्ट शु आत क चिजननत ककयर।

 ली-सीहटयरन और लर-पररयन िस नए वविरर

नप लियन क ड(नागररक सहििा)

इस क ड की कुछ ववशषतरए हं:

 सभी ि्म अचिकरर और ववशषरचिकरर समर्त कर हदए गए

नया म्यम वगग

 व ट दन यर ननवराचित ह न कर अचिकरर कवल सपवि क मरललक पु ष क ही हदयर गयर थर।

 लहटन श्द ' ट ललबर' स ्यु्प्न जिसकर अथा ह मु्त ह नर।

क अत क ललए खडर थर।

1815 क बाद एक नया हिवाद

 ब बो ररिवश क सिर मं बहरल ककयर गयर थर।

 नप ललयन यु्ि क द ररन ्रस न अपन सभी िर क ख हदयर।

 नप ललयन ्वररर गहठत िमान पररसघ क 39 रर्य अछूत रह गए।

 ्रस क वव्तरर करन स र कन क ललए ्रस की सीमर पर सीमरए बनरई गं

 उनकर ि्म िन आ मं 1807 मं हुआ थर

 वह करबोनट क गु्त समरि क सद्य थ

 उनकर ररथलमक उ्द्य इटली क एक गणतर मं एकीकरत करनर थर

 रीस ि ओट मन सररर्य कर एक हह्सर थर, आिरदी क ललए सघषा कर रहर थर।

की ख ि करन की क लशश की।

 न कररय की स्यर स ्यरदर ल ग थ।

 1848 मं ्ंकफटा ससद कर िन

 19वी सदी क म्य मं इटली क 7 रर्य मं ववभरजित ककयर गयर थर।

जमगनी का एकीकरण (1866-1871)

1. िमान पररसघ क 3. रर्रीय 4. रलशयर क 5. 1871 - 6. िमानी क 7. मुिर, बंककग,

1. 18वी 2. सिर मं 3. इ्लंड एक 4. रट रिटन क 5. ्कॉटलंड 6. रिहटश रर्र 7. व ्फ और उनक

1. 18वी 2. दश 3. महहलर 4. ्रसीसी ्रनत क 5. ्ंि मं 6. िमान ओक 7. 8. लरल ट पी मं

िब ्रस नछकतर ह त बरकी यूर प क ठड लग िरती ह ककसन कहर थर?