Advanced Algebra and

Trigonometry 9
Quarter 1
Self-Learning Module 15
Finding the Equation and
Application of Quadratic Function
Enriched Mathematics – Grade 9
Quarter 1 – Self Learning Module 15: Finding the Equation and Application of
Quadratic Function
First Edition, 2020

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Advanced Algebra
and Trigonometry
9
Quarter 1
Self – Learning Module 15
Finding the Equation and
Application of Quadratic Function
Introductory Message
For the Facilitator:

Welcome to the Enriched Mathematics Grade 9 Self-Learning Module on

Finding the equation and application of Quadratic Function!

This Self-Learning Module was collaboratively designed, developed and

reviewed by educators from the Schools Division Office of Pasig City headed by its
Officer-in-Charge Schools Division Superintendent, Ma. Evalou Concepcion A.
Agustin, in partnership with the City Government of Pasig through its mayor,
Honorable Victor Ma. Regis N. Sotto. The writers utilized the standards set by the K
to 12 Curriculum using the Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELC) in
developing this instructional resource.

This learning material hopes to engage the learners in guided and

independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Further, this also aims
to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills especially the 5 Cs, namely:
Communication, Collaboration, Creativity, Critical Thinking, and Character while
taking into consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the self-learning module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies
that will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
self-learning module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while
allowing them to manage their own learning. Moreover, you are expected to
encourage and assist the learners as they do the tasks included in the self-learning
module.
 For the Learner:

Welcome to the Enriched Mathematics Self-Learning Module on Finding the

Equation and Application of Quadratic Function!

This self-learning module was designed to provide you with fun and
meaningful opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace
and time. You will be enabled to process the contents of the learning material while
being an active learner.

This self-learning module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

Expectations - This points to the set of knowledge and skills

that you will learn after completing the module.

Pretest - This measures your prior knowledge about the lesson

at hand.

Recap - This part of the module provides a review of concepts

and skills that you already know about a previous lesson.

Lesson - This section discusses the topic in the module. 

Activities - This is a set of activities that you need to perform.

Wrap-Up - This section summarizes the concepts and

application of the lesson.

Valuing - This part integrates a desirable moral value in the

lesson.

Posttest - This measures how much you have learned from the
entire self-learning module.
 EXPECTATIONS
1. Derive a quadratic function given zeroes and a point of the
function, table of values, and vertex and a point.
2. Solve problems involving quadratic functions.

PRETEST

Encircle the letter of your best choice to the correct answer.

1. The path of an object when it is thrown can be modeled by f ( t )=−16 t 2 +8 t + 4

where f(t) is the height in feet of the object t seconds after it is released.
What is the maximum height of the object?
A) 3ft C) 5ft
B) 4ft D) 6ft
2. What is the area of the largest rectangular field that can be enclosed with
100 m of wire?
A) 624 sq m C) 1,250 sq m
B) 625 sq m D) 2, 500 sq m
3. A 10 m wire is to be cut into two so that it will formed a square and a circle
of maximum areas. What must be the length of the side of the square?
5
A) 2.5m C)
4−π
5
B) 1.25m D)
4+ π
4. What is the equation of the quadratic function that passes through
( 1,4 ) , (−1,10 ) and ( 2,4 )?
A) y=x 2−3 x +6 C) y=−x2 −3 x +6
B) y=x 2 +3 x−6 D) y=−x2 −3 x−6
5. What is the equation of the quadratic function whose vertex is ( 2 ,−3 ) and
passes through ( 5,0 ) ?
1 2
A) y= ( x −2 ) −3 C) y=3 ( x−2 )2 −3
3
1 2
B) y= ( x +2 ) −3 D) y=3 ( x +2 )2−3
3

RECAP

What do you call the graph of quadratic function? What do you call the
turning point of the parabola? When quadratic function do has a maximum or
minimum value? What is the axis of symmetry of quadratic function? What is the
domain and range of quadratic function? What is the effect of changes in a , h and k
of the function f ( x )=a ( x −h )2 +k to the parabola?

LESSON

Finding the equation of the quadratic function by table of values

Let us recall how to find the equation using the table
Procedure:
a. Make sure that the table is a table of a quadratic function by finding its first and
second differences in y.
(x) 1 2 3 4 5
(y) 6 13 24 39 58
1st difference 7 11 15 19
2nd differences: 4 4 4

b. Find the correspondence in the table of y=a x2 +bx +c

x 1 2 3 4
0
y c a+ b+c 4 a+2 b+ c 9 a+ 3b +c 16 a+ 4 b+ c
st
1 differences: a+ b 3 a+b 5 a+b 7 a+b
2nd differences: 2 a 2 a 2a

c. Equate the correspondence: 1=1, a+ b+c=6 , 3 a+b=¿ 7 and 2 a=4 . You can
equate any correspondence provided they have same equal differences in x and
equal values of x .
d. Solve for a, b and c
2 a=4 , a=2
3 a+b=2; 3 ( 2 ) +b=7 ; b=1
a+ b+c=6 ; 2+1+ c=6 , c=3
e. Substitute the values of a, b and c in the function y=a x2 +bx +c , so the equation
is y=2 x 2+ x+3

Finding the equation of the quadratic function by three points

Suppose you will find the equation of the quadratic function passing through
three points and if you put it on a table it will not form equal differences in x . Then
you cannot use the procedure above. Here is what to do.

Example: Determine the equation of the quadratic function whose graph will pass
through ( 1,4 ) , ( 2 , 4 ) and (−2, 16 ) .
Solution:
Use these points as the values of x and y in the equation y=a x2 +bx +c and
solve the resulting system of linear equations.
Using point ( 1,4 ), we have 4=a+b+ c
Using point ( 2 , 4 ), we have 4=4 a+ 2b +c
Using point (−2 , 16 ), we have 16=4 a−2 b+ c
4=a+ b+c
{
We obtain a system of linear equations: 4=4 a+2 b+c
16=4 a−2 b+c
Solve the system of linear equations by elimination or substitution method.
Add equation 2 to the opposite of equation 1
−(4=a+ b+c )
4=4 a+2 b+c
0=3 a+ b
Add equation 3 to the opposite of equation 2
−( 4=4 a+2 b+ c)
16=4 a−2 b+c
12=−4 b
Solve for b, 12=−4 b ; b=−3
Solve for a, 0=3 a+b ; 0=3 a−3 ; a=1
Solve for c, use any of the three original equations, 4=a+b+ c ; 4=1−3+c , c=6
Thus a=1, b=-3 and c=6. Substitute these in y=a x2 +bx +c ; the quadratic function
is
y=a x2−3 x +6

Finding the equation of the quadratic function by the roots and a point.

You cannot find the equation of the quadratic function using zeros alone
because there are infinite number of quadratic functions with the same zeros.
Remember that the zeros correspond to the x-intercept(s) of the parabola and only
represents two, one or even no points. You need three points to find the equation of
the quadratic function that’s why we need another point.
Quadratic function in the form y=a x2 +bx +c can be written in the form
y=a ( x −r ) ( x−s ) where r and s are the zeros of the function.

Example. Find an equation of a quadratic function whose root are -3 and 2 and
pass through point ( 1,8 ) .
Solution:
Use the equation y=a ( x −r ) ( x−s ), and substitute the given and solve for a . Without
loss of generality let r =−3 and s=2. Also x=1and y=8.
8=a ( 1+3 ) ( 1−2 )
8=−4 a
a=−2
Thus, the equation is y=−2 ( x +3 ) (x−2) or y=−2 x 2−2 x+ 6.
Finding the equation of the quadratic function by a vertex and a point.
The only way to find the equation of a quadratic function by just using two
points is using a vertex and any other point. Just use the form y=a ( x −h )2 +k .

Example. Find the equation of the quadratic function whose parabola have a vertex
( 2,3 ) and passes through point ( 1,1 ).

Solution: Substitute the given in the equation and solve for a. Since
h=2 , k=3 , x=1 and y=1 then,
2
y=a ( x −h ) +k
1=a (1−2 )2+ 3
−2=a
Thus the equation is y=−2 ( x−2 )2 +3

Applications of Quadratic Functions

Applications of quadratic functions can be found in many everyday
situations and things:
Curves in bridges and buildings;
Satellite dishes used in telecommunications;
The path of a golf ball/ javelin;
Maximizing/minimizing the profit/area; and many more.

Example1: A charter bus company will charge a fare of P 300 per person if there
are up to 100 passengers. For each passenger in excess of 100, the fare is
decreased by P2 per person for all passengers. How many passengers will produce
the greatest revenue for the company?

Solution:
Make a table to analyse the problem
Number of People Price per person Revenue
100 Php300 100*Php300=Php30,000
100+1=101 Php300-Php2(1)=Php298 101*Php298=Php30,098
100+2=102 Php300-Php2(2)=Php296 101*Php296=Php30,192
100+x 300-2x (100+x)(300-2x)

In the following equation, R represents the revenue while x represents the

number of people in excess of 100.
R=( 100+ x )( 300−2 x ) or R is a function of x, we have
f ( x )=( 100+ x ) ( 300−2 x )
f ( x )=−2 x 2 +100 x +300
2
f ( x )=−2 ( x−25 ) +31,250
Since h is the value of x that will give the maximum/minimum value and k
is the maximum/minimum value and we have h=25 and k =31,250 and a< 0,
therefore the maximum revenue is Php31,250 and the number of passengers that
will produce the greatest revenue is 100+25=125 people.

Example 2. A company of cellular phones can sell 800 units per month at Php
12,000 each. Then they found out that they can sell 200 more cell phone unit for
each Php 1,000 decrease in price. What price per cellphone unit gives them the
maximum monthly sales?
Solution:
Make a table to analyse the problem
Number of Price per Total Sales
unit unit
800 12000 800*12000=9,600,000
800+200 12000-1000 1000*11000=11,000,000
800+200x 12000-1000x ( 800+200 x ) (12000−1000 x )

In the following equation, S represents the total sales while x represents the
number of times decreasing the price by Php1,000.
S= ( 800+200 x ) ( 12000−1000 x ) or S is a function of x , we have
f (x)= ( 800+200 x ) ( 12000−1000 x )
f ( x )=−200,000 x 2 +1,600,000 x +9,600,000
f ( x )=−200,000 ( x 2−8 x +16 ) + 9,600,000−16 (−200,000)
f ( x )=−200,000 ( x−4 )2 +12,800,000
Since h is the value of x that will give the maximum/minimum value and k
is the maximum/minimum value and we have h=¿4 and k =12,800,000 and a< 0,
therefore the maximum monthly sales is Php12,800,000 and the price per
cellphone unit that gives the maximum monthly sale is Php 2,000-
Php1000(4)=8,000.

Example 3.
What are the dimensions of the largest rectangular field that can be enclosed
by 100m of fencing wire?
Solution:
Letl and w be the length and width of a rectangle respectively. Then, the
perimeter P of a rectangle is P=2 l+2 w . Since P=100 m , thus,
2 l+ 2 w=100
l+w=50 Reducing the equation by dividing by 2
w=50−l Expressing the width as a function of l (length)
Substituting in the formula for the area A of a rectangle
A=wl
f ( l )= (50−l ) l The area is expressed as a function of l (length).
You may expressed the area as a function of w
(width) if you expressed the length as a function
of
w (width) above.
2
f ( l )=−l +50 l Simplify
 f ( l )=−( l 2−50 l+ 625 )−625(−1)
2 2
f ( l )=−( l−25 ) +625 Express in the form y=a ( x −h ) +k

Since h is the value of l that will give the maximum/minimum value and k is the
maximum/minimum value and we have h=¿25 and k =625 and a< 0, therefore the
maximum area is 625 sq m and the value of l length that will give the maximum
area is 25m. If the length is 25m, then the width is (50m-25m)=25m. The
dimension is 25m by 25m and the field is a square.

ACTIVITIES
Activity 1: LET’S PRACTICE
Direction: Determine the following.

1. Find the equation of the quadratic function whose parabola have a vertex
( 3,7 ) and passes through( 2,3 ) .
2. Find the equation of the quadratic function whose parabola have a vertex
(−1,5 ) and passes through(−2,4 ).
3. Find the equation of the quadratic function whose parabola have a vertex
( 2,1 ) and passes through( 4,9 ).
4. Find an equation of a quadratic function whose root are 5 and 2 and passes
through ( 6,8 ) .
5. Find an equation of a quadratic function whose root are -1 and -8 and
passes through ( 0,8 )

Activity 2 KEEP PRACTICING

Direction: Determine the following
1. Find an equation of a quadratic function whose root are 3 and -4 and passes
through ( 2 ,−6 )
2. Determine the equation of the quadratic function whose graph will pass
through (−1,2 ) , ( 2, 20 ) and ( 0 , 6 ).
3. Determine the equation of the quadratic function whose graph will pass
through (−3,22 ) , ( 2, 7 ) and ( 3 , 22 ).
4. Determine the equation of the table
x 0 1 2 3 4 5
y 1 -3 -15 - -63 -99
35
5. Determine the equation of the table
x 1 2 3 4 5 6
y -9 -16 - -24 - -24
21 25
Activity 3: TEST YOURSELF
Direction: Solve the following problem:
1. What is the area of the largest rectangular field that can be enclosed with
200 m of wire?
2. The path of an object when it is thrown can be modeled by
f ( t )=−16 t 2 +32t +4 where f ¿ ) is the height in feet of the object t seconds after
it is released. What is the maximum height of the object?
3. A 20 m wire is to be cut into two so that it will formed a square and a circle
of maximum areas. What must be the length of the side of the square?
4. The ticket to a film showing costs Php 20. At this price, the organizer found
out that all the 300 seats are filled. The organizer estimates that if the price
is increased, the number of viewers will fall by 50 for every Php 5 increase.
What ticket price results in the greatest revenue?
5. The height in meters of a projectile after t seconds is given by
h ( t )=160 t−80 t 2 . Find the maximum height that can be reached by the
projectile.

WRAP – UP
Enumerate the given so that the equation of the quadratic function can be
found. Cite things or situations that are applications of quadratic functions? How
to solve applications of quadratic functions?

VALUING

We have to realize that the minimum or maximum of quadratic function can

be found using the value of k and the value of k is just a function of h . Which
means, h is the value of x that will give f ( x )=a x 2 +bx +c its maximum or minimum
value. Do you want to attain your maximum? You have to know when by knowing
your h . Can you cite some of your characteristics (h) that will make you attain your
maximum potential(k )?

POSTTEST

Direction: Read each problem carefully. Choose the letter of the best answer.
1. The path of an object when it is thrown can be modeled by
2
f ( t )=−16 t +160 t+14 where f ¿ ) is the height in feet of the object t seconds
after it is released. What is the maximum height of the object?
A) 140 ft B) 319 ft C) 550ft D) 414 ft
 2. What is the area of the largest rectangular field that can be enclosed with 60
m of wire?
A) 15 sq m B) 60 sq m C) 225 sq m D) 600 sq m
3. A 8 m wire is to be cut into two so that it will formed a square and a circle of
maximum areas. What must be the length of the side of the square?
4 4
A) 0.5 m B) 1 m C) D)
4−π 4+ π
4. What is the equation of the quadratic function that passes through
( 1 ,−2 ) , (−1 ,−8 ) and ( 2,4 )?
A) y=x 2−3 x +6 C) y=−x2 −3 x +6
B) y=x 2 +3 x−6 D) y=−x2 −3 x−6
5. What is the equation of the quadratic function whose vertex is ( 3 ,−5 ) and
passes through ( 2,4 )?
A) y=9 ( x −3 )2−5 C) y=3 ( x−9 )2−5
B) y=9 ( x +3 )2 −5 D) y=3 ( x−2 )2 −5

KEY TO CORRECTION
Pretest Posttest

1. C 1. D
2. B 2. C
3. D 3. D
4. A 4. B
5. A 5. A
Activity 1: LET’S PRACTICE Activity 3: TEST YOURSELF
1. y=−4 ( x−3 )2+7 1. 2 500 sq m
2. y=−( x+1 )2 +5 2. 20 ft
10
3. y=2 ( x−2 )2 +1 3.
4+ π
4. y=2 x 2−6 x−20 4. Php 25
5. y=x 2 +9 x +8 5. 80m
Activity 2 : KEEP PRACTICING
1. y=−x2 −x+12
2. y=x 2 +5 x+ 6
3. y=3 x 2−5
4. y=−4 x 2 +1
 REFERENCES
Coronel, Illuminada, et al. Mathematics An Integrated Approach. Quezon:
Bookmark, Inc., 1992.
Oronce, Orlano and Mendoza, Marilen. E – Math II. Manila: Rex Book Store,
Inc., 2007.
Saladino, Rommel Hero et al. Mathematics Grade 9 Learner’s Material. Pasig:
Vibal Group, Inc., 2014.