Mathematics 10

Quarter 1
Self-Learning Module 9
Geometric Sequence
Mathematics – Grade 10
Quarter 1 – Self-Learning Module 9: Geometric Sequence
First Edition, 2020

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that no copyright shall subsist in any
work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the
government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for
exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things,
impose as a condition the payment of royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand

names, trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective
copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use
these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors
do not represent nor claim ownership over them.

Published by the Department of Education – Schools Division of Pasig City

Development Team of the Self-Learning Module

Writer: Leah F. Balajadia, Randell A. Diaz, Redentor J. Dizon III
Editor: Revie G. Santos
Reviewers: Revie G. Santos; Ma. Cynthia P. Badana; Ma. Victoria L. Peñalosa
Illustrator: Leah F. Balajadia
Layout Artist: Janeth D. Morte
Management Team: Ma. Evalou Concepcion A. Agustin
OIC-Schools Division Superintendent
Aurelio G. Alfonso EdD
OIC-Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
Victor M. Javeña EdD
Chief, School Governance and Operations Division and
OIC-Chief, Curriculum Implementation Division

Education Program Supervisors

Librada L. Agon EdD (EPP/TLE/TVL/TVE)

Liza A. Alvarez (Science/STEM/SSP)
Bernard R. Balitao (AP/HUMSS)
Joselito E. Calios (English/SPFL/GAS)
Norlyn D. Conde EdD (MAPEH/SPA/SPS/HOPE/A&D/Sports)
Wilma Q. Del Rosario (LRMS/ADM)
Ma. Teresita E. Herrera EdD (Filipino/GAS/Piling Larang)
Perlita M. Ignacio PhD (EsP)
Dulce O. Santos PhD (Kindergarten/MTB-MLE)
Teresita P. Tagulao EdD (Mathematics/ABM)

Printed in the Philippines by Department of Education – Schools Division of

Pasig City
Mathematics 10
Quarter 1
Self-Learning Module 9
Geometric Sequence
Introductory Message

For the Facilitator:

Welcome to the Mathematics Grade 10 Self–Learning Module on Geometric

Sequence!

This Self-Learning Module was collaboratively designed, developed and

reviewed by educators both from the Schools Division Office of Pasig City headed by
its Officer-in-Charge Schools Division Superintendent, Ma. Evalou Concepcion A.
Agustin, in partnership with the City Government of Pasig through its mayor,
Honorable Victor Ma. Regis N. Sotto. The writers utilized the standards set by the K
to 12 Curriculum using the Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELC) in
developing this instructional resource.

This learning material hopes to engage the learners into guided and
independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Further, this also aims
to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills especially the 5 Cs, namely:
Communication, Collaboration, Creativity, Critical Thinking and Character while
taking into consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the self-learning module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this self-
learning module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing
them to manage their own learning. Moreover, you are expected to encourage and
assist the learners as they do the tasks included in the self-learning module.
For the Learner:

Welcome to the Mathematics Grade 10 Self–Leaning Module on Geometric

Sequence!

This self-learning module was designed to provide you with fun and
meaningful opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and
time. You will be enabled to process the contents of the learning resource while being
an active learner.

This self-learning module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

Expectations - This points to the set of knowledge and skills

that you will learn after completing the module.

Pretest - This measures your prior knowledge about the lesson

at hand.

Recap - This part of the module provides a review of concepts

and skills that you already know about a previous lesson.

Lesson - This section discusses the topic in the module.

Activities - This is a set of activities that you need to perform.

Wrap-Up - This section summarizes the concepts and

application of the lesson.

Valuing - This part integrates a desirable moral value in the

lesson.

Posttest - This measures how much you have learned from the
entire module.
 EXPECTATIONS

1. Find the nth term of a given geometric sequence.

2. Insert a term or terms between two terms of a geometric sequence.

PRETEST

Directions: Read each statement carefully. Write the letter that corresponds to the
correct answer.
1. What is the 12th term of the geometric sequence 2, 4, 8, 16…?
A. 24 B. 4096 C. 2048 D. 8192

2. What is the 10th term of the geometric sequence 1, 3, 9, 27, …?

A. 2187 B. 6561 C. 19683 D. 59049
3. What is the next term of the geometric sequence 256, 128, 64, 32?
1 1 1
A. 128
B. 64
C. 32
D. 1

4. What two terms should be inserted between 5 and 135 to form a geometric
sequence?
A. 45, 90 B. 55, 100 C. 40, 75 D. 15, 45

5. Insert three geometric means between 3 and 48.

A. 6, 12, 24 B. −6, 12, −24 C. both of these D. none of these

RECAP

Find the common ratio of the following geometric sequences.

1. 1, 4, 16, 64, 256, …

2. 7, −14, 28, −56, 112, …
1
3. 27, 9, 3, 3 , …
4.
 LESSON

In the previous module, we have discussed geometric sequence and how to

get the common ratio.

Geometric sequence is a sequence of numbers in which the ratio in

between the terms is constant. We call the quotient between two consecutive terms
of a geometric sequence as the common ratio (r). We can get the next term by
multiplying the common ratio to the previous term.

In this module, we will be discussing how to find the nth term of a geometric
sequence using the general term of a geometric sequence and how to insert
geometric means given two nonconsecutive terms of a geometric sequence.

The general term of a geometric sequence is given by,

𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎1 𝑟 𝑛−1

where,

𝑎𝑛 = nth term of the geometric sequence

𝑎1 = first term

𝑟 = common ratio

𝑛 = number of terms

Examples:

1. Find the 10th term of the geometric sequence 2, 6, 18, 54, …

First, we need to find the common ratio of the given geometric sequence.
Hence, we divide the second term by the first term, the third term by the second
term, and so on.
6 18 54
2
=3 6
=3 18
=3 𝑟=3

𝑎1 𝑎2 𝑎3 𝑎4 … 𝑎10
2 6 18 54 … ?

3 3 3

We get a common ratio of 3. Since we already know the common ratio, we

can now get the 10th term by using the general term of the geometric sequence. Let
us use the following given, 𝑎1 = 2, 𝑟 = 3 and 𝑛 = 10. Solving that, we have,
 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎1 𝑟 𝑛−1

𝑎10 = 2(3)10−1

𝑎10 = 2(3)9

𝑎10 = 2(19683)

𝑎10 = 39366

Therefore, the 10th term of the geometric sequence 2, 6, 18, 54, … is 39366.

2. Find 𝑎8 in the geometric sequence 384, 192, 96, 48, …?

Again, we need to find the common ratio first. So to get the common ratio,
divide the second term by the first term, the third term by the second term, and so
on.
192 1 96 1 48 1 1
384
=2 192
=2 96
=2 𝑟=2

1
So, the common ratio is 2. Then, proceed to getting the 8th term of the
geometric sequence using the general term of the geometric sequence using the
1
given, 𝑛 = 8, 𝑎1 = 384 and 𝑟 = 2. That is,

𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎1 𝑟 𝑛−1

1 8−1
𝑎8 = 384 ( )
2
1 7
𝑎8 = 384 ( )
2
1
𝑎8 = 384 ( )
128
𝑎8 = 3

Therefore, the 8th term of the geometric sequence is 3.

Just like in the arithmetic sequences, we can also insert numbers in

between two terms to form a geometric sequence. We call these numbers as
geometric means.

Examples:
1. Insert a term between 4 and 25.
We first need to write the given in a table to know how many terms will there
be in the geometric sequence.

𝑎1 𝑎2 𝑎3

4 ? 25
 If we are asked to insert a term between two terms to form a geometric
sequence, we simply multiply those two terms, the first term and the last term, and
get the square root of their product. That is,

𝑎2 = √(𝑎1 )(𝑎3 )

𝑎2 = √(4)(25)

𝑎2 = √100
𝑎2 = ±10
Since the equation formed is quadratic in nature, we will have two possible
answer for this given geometric sequence.
The first geometric sequence formed is 4, 10 and 25, with a common ratio of
5 5
2
and the other geometric sequence is 4, −10 and 25, with a common ratio of − 2.

2. Insert two terms between 5 and 320.

First, we write the given in a table so that we could see how many terms are
there in the geometric sequence.

𝑎1 𝑎2 𝑎3 𝑎4
5 ? ? 320

Now, we know that there are 4 terms in this given geometric sequence.
Looking back at the first example, we cannot use the method we used
because we need to insert two geometric means. That method is only applicable if
we will insert one geometric mean. For examples that need more than one
geometric means, we can use the general term of the geometric sequence to find the
common ratio.
So, we get the common ratio for this example. Let us use the given,

𝑛 = 1, 𝑎1 = 5 and 𝑎4 = 320, and solve for r. That is,

𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎1 𝑟 𝑛−1

𝑎4 = 𝑎1 𝑟 4−1

320 = (5)𝑟 3

320 (5)𝑟 3
=
5 5
64 = 𝑟 3
3 3
√64 = √𝑟 3
 4=𝑟

The common ratio obtained is 4. We can now use 4 to get the geometric
means of the geometric sequence. We simply multiply 4 to the first term to get the
second term and multiply 4 to the second term to get the third term.

𝑎2 = 5(4) = 20

𝑎3 = 20(4) = 80

To check if our answer is correct, we need multiply the third term by 4 and
we should get the last term that is 320.

Therefore, the two geometric means of the given geometric sequence are 20
and 80.

3. Insert three geometric means between 2 and 162.

Again, let us write the terms in a table to see the order of numbers.

𝑎1 𝑎2 𝑎3 𝑎4 𝑎5
2 ? ? ? 162

We know now that we have 5 terms for this geometric sequence, 𝑛 = 5, 𝑎1 = 2

and 𝑎5 = 162, we can now solve for the common ratio.

𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎1 𝑟 𝑛−1

𝑎5 = 𝑎1 𝑟 5−1

162 = (2)𝑟 4

162 (2)𝑟 4
=
2 2
81 = 𝑟 4
4 4
√81 = √𝑟 4

±3 = 𝑟

Since the exponent of r is even, we will have 2 possible common ratio for this
given, that is 3 and −3.

If 𝑟 = 3, If 𝑟 = −3,

𝑎2 = 2(3) = 6 𝑎2 = 2(−3) = −6

𝑎3 = 6(3) = 18 𝑎3 = −6(−3) = 18

𝑎4 = 18(3) = 54 𝑎4 = 18(−3) = −54

 Therefore, if the 𝑟 = 3, then the geometric means are 6, 18 and 54, while if
𝑟 = −3, then the geometric means are −6, 18 and −54.

ACTIVITIES

ACTIVITY 1: LET’S PRACTICE!

Directions: Find the indicated term of the geometric sequences below.

1. 12, 48, 192, 768 … , 𝑎10

2. 30, −150, 750, −3750, … , 𝑎9
3. 2, −2, 2, −2, … , 𝑎30
20 40
4. −15, −10, − 3
, − 9 , … , 𝑎7
5 5 5
5. 10, − , , − 32 … 𝑎8
2 8

ACTIVITY 2: KEEP PRACTICING!

Directions: Insert the indicated number of terms given two terms of the following
geometric sequences.

1. 3 geometric means between 16 and 81.

2. 3 geometric means between 256 and 1.
3. 2 geometric means between −32 and 4.
1 64
4. 1 geometric mean between 3
and 3 .
1
5. 4 geometric means between and 256.
4

ACTIVITY 3: TEST YOURSELF!

A. Directions: Find the indicated term in each of the following geometric
sequences.
1. 1, 3, 9, 27, … , 𝑎12
1
2. 16, 4, 1, 4 , … , 𝑎10

B. Directions: Insert the indicated number of terms given two terms of the
following geometric sequences.
1. 2 terms between 2 and 250.
2. 3 terms between 4802 and 2.
3. 5 terms between 3 and 192.
 WRAP–UP

Geometric Sequence is a sequence where each term after the first is

obtained by multiplying the preceding term by a nonzero constant called common
ratio. The common ratio (r) can be determined by dividing any term in the
sequence by the previous term.

To find the nth term of a given geometric sequence

1. Find the common ratio.

2. Substitute the values of r, n and 𝑎1 in the general term of the geometric
sequence, 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎1 𝑟 𝑛−1.
3. Simplify the result.

A term or terms in between two nonconsecutive terms of a geometric

sequence is called as geometric mean.

To find the geometric means of a given geometric sequence

1. Determin the number of terms (n).

2. Find the common ratio(r) by substituting the values of n, 𝑎1 and 𝑎𝑛 in the
general term of the geometric sequence, 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎1 𝑟 𝑛−1.
3. Use the common ratio to find the middle terms.

VALUING

Reflection: (Journal Writing)

Since the geometric mean is used in finance to calculate the average growth
rates and is referred to as the compounded annual growth rate, what can you say
about the effects of the current pandemic to the business and the economic in the
Philippines?

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
 POSTTEST

Directions: Read each statement carefully. Write the letter that corresponds to the
correct answer.
1. The first four terms of a geometric sequence are 7, 21, 33, 99. Find its 10th
term.

A. 137781 B. 413343 C. 297 D. 693

2. What is the 8th term of a geometric sequence whose first three terms are
48, −12, 3?
1 1 3 3
A. 4
B. − 4 C. − 1024 D. 1024

3. Which of the following are the terms in between the terms 3 and 12 of a
geometric sequence?

A. ±36 B. ±6 C. ±4 D. ±9
4. Which of the following are the two geometric means of 5 and 320?

A. 10 and 20 B. 4 and 100 C. 4 and 64 D. 20 and 80

5. Which of the following are the four geometric means of 6 and 1458?

A. 9, 27, 81, and 243 C. 18, 54, 162 and 483

D. 12, 24, 48 and 96 D. 36, 72, 144 and 288
 KEY TO CORRECTION
A 5.
3. 𝑟 = 3
D 4. 1
PRETEST B 3. RECAP 2. 𝑟 = −2
C 2. 1. 𝑟 = 4
B 1.

ACTIVITY 1 ACTIVITY 2
5. 1, 4, 16, 64
5. 𝑎8 = − 8192 3
5 If 𝑟 = −8, then −
243 8
− = 𝑎7 4. 3
320 4. If 𝑟 = 8, then
3. 𝑎30 = −2 8
2. 𝑎9 = 11718750 3. 16, −8
4
1. 𝑎10 = 3145728 If 𝑟 = − , then − 64, 16, −4
1
2. If 𝑟 = 4 , then 64, 16, 4
1
ACTIVITY 3 If 𝑟 = − 2 , then − 24, 36, −54
3
2
5. 6, 12, 24, 48, 96 , then 24, 36, 54 1. If 𝑟 =
3
4. 686, 98, 17
3. 10, 50
16384
2.
1
1. 177147

POSTTEST 5. C 4. D 3. B 2. C 1. A

References
Callanta, Melvin, Canonigo, Allan, and Arnaldo Chua. Mathematics Learner’s Module
10. Manila: Department of Education, 2015.

Nivera, Gladys, and Minie Rose Lapinid. Grade 10 Mathematics: Patterns and
Practicalities K – 12. Manila: Salesiana Books by Don Bosco Press, Inc., 2015.

Oronce, Orlando, and Marilyn Mendoza. E – Math 10: Worktext in Mathematics.

Manila: Rex Book Store, Inc., 2017.

Oronce, Orlando, and Marilyn Mendoza. E – Math II: Intermediate Algebra, Worktext
in Mathematics for Second Year High School. Manila: Rex Book Store, Inc.,
2007.

Oronce, Orlando, and Marilyn Mendoza. Exploring Mathematics II: Intermediate

Algebra. Manila: Rex Book Store, Inc., 2003.