I – THE INDEFINITE INTEGRAL

∫ 3𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 3 + 𝑐

The function 𝑥 3 + 𝑐 is called the antiderivative or the integral of 3𝑥 2 . Integration is

the process of finding the function whose derivative or differential is given. The function to
be integrated is called “integrand”. Here, 3𝑥 2 is the integrand.
The symbol “∫ " denotes integration; 𝑑𝑥 indicates that the integration is to be
performed with respect to 𝑥. The term for 𝑥 is called the variable of integration.
“c” is an arbitrary constant that assumes different values, such that:
∫ 3𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 3 + 1
= 𝑥3 + 2
= 𝑥3 + 3
= 𝑥3 + 𝑐

It shows that the integral of a function is not unique, because by assigning different
values to 𝐶, we will get several integrals of 3𝑥 2 . It is for this reason that 𝑥 3 + 𝑐 the general
integral or indefinite integral of 3𝑥 2 .

II – BASIC INTEGRATION FORMULAS

The best five basic integration formulas are given below. 𝑢 and 𝑣 are differentiable
functions of 𝑥. The letters 𝑎, 𝑛 and 𝑐 are constants:

1. ∫ 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑢 + 𝑐

2. ∫(𝑢 + 𝑐 ) 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑢𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑣𝑑𝑥

3. ∫ 𝑎𝑢 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑎 ∫ 𝑢𝑑𝑥

𝑛
𝑢𝑛+1
4. ∫ 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = + 𝑐, 𝑛 ≠ −1
𝑛+1
𝑑𝑢
5. ∫ = ln 𝑢 + 𝑐
𝑢

REMARKS:
a. Formula no. 2 can be extended to the sum of any finite number of differentials.
b. Formula no. 3 shows that a constant may be moved across the integral sign.
However, you cannot do this to a variable.
c. Formula no. 4 is used to find the integral of a power of a function. It is
applicable for any real number, 𝑛, except for 𝑛 = −1.

Workbook in Integral Calculus: Engr. Brent C. Begay 1|Page

EXAMPLES:

1. 𝐸𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑒 ∫(6𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 5)𝑑𝑥

Solution:

∫(6𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 5)𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 6𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ 4𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 5𝑑𝑥

= 6 ∫ 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 − 4 ∫ 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + 5 ∫ 𝑑𝑥

𝑥3 𝑥2
= 6 ( ) − 4 ( ) + 5 (𝑥 ) + 𝑐
3 2
= 𝟐𝒙𝟑 − 𝟐𝒙𝟐 + 𝟓𝒙 + 𝒄 𝒂𝒏𝒔.
5 3
2. 𝐸𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑒 ∫ ( + ) 𝑑𝑥
𝑥4 𝑥

Solution:

5 3 −4
3
∫( + ) 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 5𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑥4 𝑥 𝑥
1
= 5 ∫ 𝑥 −4 𝑑𝑥 + 3 ∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑥
𝑥 −4+1
=5 + 3 ln 𝑥 + 𝑐
−3
−𝟓
= 𝟑 + 𝟑 𝐥𝐧 𝒙 + 𝒄 𝒂𝒏𝒔.
𝟑𝒙

3. 𝐸𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑒 ∫ 𝑥(√𝑥 − 1)𝑑𝑥

Solution:

∫ 𝑥(√𝑥 − 1)𝑑𝑥 = ∫(𝑥√𝑥 − 𝑥)𝑑𝑥

1
= ∫ (𝑥 ∗ 𝑥 2 − 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥

3
= ∫ 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

5
𝑥2 𝑥2
= − +𝑐
5 2
2
Workbook in Integral Calculus: Engr. Brent C. Begay 2|Page
 𝟓
𝟐𝒙𝟐 𝒙𝟐
= − +𝒄 𝒂𝒏𝒔.
𝟓 𝟐

(𝑥 + 4)
4. 𝐸𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑒 ∫ 𝑑𝑥
√𝑥

Solution:

(𝑥 + 4) 𝑥 4
∫ 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑑𝑥
√𝑥 √𝑥 √𝑥
−1
= ∫ √𝑥𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 4𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥

1 −1
= ∫ 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 4𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥

3
𝑥2 1
= + 4𝑥 2 + 𝑐
3
2
𝟑
𝟐𝒙𝟐 𝟏
= + 𝟒𝒙𝟐 + 𝒄 𝒂𝒏𝒔.
𝟑

5 3 2
5. 𝐸𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑒 ∫ ( − + ) 𝑑𝑥
√𝑥 𝑥2 𝑥4

Solution:

5 3 2 5 3 2
∫( − + ) 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑑𝑥
√𝑥 𝑥2 𝑥4 √𝑥 𝑥2 𝑥4
1 1 1
= 5∫ 𝑑𝑥 − 3 ∫ 𝑑𝑥 + 2 ∫ 𝑑𝑥
√𝑥 𝑥2 𝑥4
1
= 5 ∫ 𝑥 −2 𝑑𝑥 − 3 ∫ 𝑥 −2 𝑑𝑥 + 2 ∫ 𝑥 −4 𝑑𝑥
1
5𝑥 2 3𝑥 −1 2𝑥 −3
= − + +𝑐
1 −1 −3
2
𝟏 𝟑 𝟐
= 𝟏𝟎𝒙𝟐 + − 𝟑 + 𝒄 ∎
𝒙 𝟑𝒙

PROBLEM SET NO. 1

Basic Integration Formula

Workbook in Integral Calculus: Engr. Brent C. Begay 3|Page

Name:____________________________________________ Score:__________________
Course & Year:__________________________________ Date:___________________

Direction: Evaluate the following:

1. ∫(9𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 + 3) 𝑑𝑥

2. ∫(2𝑥 − 1)(3𝑥 + 5) 𝑑𝑥

2𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 − 3
3. ∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑥2
3
4. ∫(4 √𝑥 − 2𝑥 √𝑥)𝑑𝑥

𝑥3 − 8
5. ∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑥−2
3 2
1 + √𝑥
6. ∫ ( 3 ) 𝑑𝑥
√𝑥

7. ∫ √𝑥 4 − 2𝑥 3 + 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥

𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 4
8. ∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑥+2

𝑥 3 − 13𝑥 + 12
9. ∫ 2 𝑑𝑥
𝑥 − 4𝑥 + 3

𝑥 3 − 14𝑥 + 15
10. ∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 5

III – INTEGRATION BY SUBSTITUTION

Workbook in Integral Calculus: Engr. Brent C. Begay 4|Page

 There are integrals which can not directly solved using the standard integration
formulas. If this is the case, we will use the method of substitution. This method involves
changing a variable, say from “𝑥” to another variable “𝑢”.
PURPOSE: To bring the problem to a form for which a standard formula can be used.

EXAMPLES:

1. 𝐸𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑒 ∫(4𝑥 + 3 )2 𝑑𝑥

Solution:
Let 𝑢 = 4𝑥 + 3.
1
𝑑𝑢 = 4𝑑𝑥 𝑜𝑟 𝑑𝑥 = 4 𝑑𝑢

Thus,
1
∫(4𝑥 + 3 )2 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑢2 ∙ 𝑑𝑢
4
1
= ∫ 𝑢2 𝑑𝑢
4
1 𝑢3
= +𝑐
4 3
𝑢3
= +𝑐
12
∴ 𝑅𝑒𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑒 𝑏𝑎𝑐𝑘 4𝑥 + 3 = 𝑢
(𝟒𝒙 + 𝟑)𝟑
= +𝒄 ∎
𝟏𝟐

2. 𝐸𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑒 ∫(𝑥 2 + 3 )4 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

Solution:
Let 𝑢 = 𝑥 2 + 3
1
𝑑𝑢 = 2𝑥𝑑𝑥 𝑜𝑟 𝑥𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑢
2

Thus,
𝑑𝑢
∫(𝑥 2 + 3 )4 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑢4 ∙
2
1
= ∫ 𝑢4 𝑑𝑢
2
1 𝑢5
= ( )+𝑐
2 5
Since 𝑢 = 𝑥 2 + 3, then

Workbook in Integral Calculus: Engr. Brent C. Begay 5|Page

 1 (𝑥 2 + 3)5
= ( )+𝑐
2 5
(𝒙𝟐 + 𝟑)𝟓
= +𝒄 ∎
𝟏𝟎

3. 𝐸𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑒 ∫ (sin 3𝑥)3 cos 3𝑥 𝑑𝑥

Solution:
Let 𝑢 = sin 3𝑥
𝑑𝑢
𝑑𝑢 = cos 3𝑥 ∙ 3𝑑𝑥 𝑜𝑟 cos 3𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 3

Thus,
𝑑𝑢
∫ (sin 3𝑥)3 cos 3𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑢3
3
1
= ∫ 𝑢3 𝑑𝑢
3
1 𝑢4
= ( )+𝑐
3 4

Replace back 𝑢 = sin 3𝑥

1 (sin 3𝑥)4
= ( )+𝑐
3 4
𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝟒 𝟑𝒙
= +𝒄 ∎
𝟏𝟐
6𝑥 3 + 𝑥
4. 𝐸𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑒 ∫ 𝑑𝑥
√6𝑥 2 + 1
Solution:
Observe that we can simplify the given integrand into
6𝑥 3 + 𝑥 𝑥(6𝑥 2 + 1)
∫ 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 1 𝑑𝑥
√6𝑥 2 + 1 (6𝑥 2 + 1)2
1
= ∫ 𝑥 (6𝑥 2 + 1)2 𝑑𝑥

Now, let 𝑢 = 6𝑥 2 + 1
𝑑𝑢
𝑑𝑢 = 12𝑥𝑑𝑥 𝑜𝑟 𝑥𝑑𝑥 = 12

Thus,
6𝑥 3 + 𝑥 1 𝑑𝑢
∫ 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑢2 ∙
√6𝑥 2 + 1 12

Workbook in Integral Calculus: Engr. Brent C. Begay 6|Page

 3
1 𝑢2
= ( )+𝑐
12 3
2
2 3
= 𝑢2 + 𝑐
36
Replace back 𝑢 = 6𝑥 2 + 1
𝟑
(𝟔𝒙𝟐 + 𝟏)𝟐
= +𝒄 ∎
𝟏𝟖

𝑥 5 − 2𝑥 3 − 2𝑥
5. 𝐸𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑒 ∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑥2 + 1

Solution:
𝑓(𝑥)
For where the degree of 𝑓(𝑥) ≥ degree of 𝑔(𝑥), perform the indicated
𝑔(𝑥)

division until the remainder is of lower degree than the denominator. That is,
𝑓(𝑥) 𝑅(𝑥)
= 𝑄 (𝑥 ) +
𝑔(𝑥) 𝑔(𝑥)

𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑥 5 − 2𝑥 3 − 2𝑥, 𝑔 (𝑥 ) = 𝑥 2 + 1

𝑥 5 − 2𝑥 3 − 2𝑥 𝑥
∴ 2
= 𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 + 2
𝑥 +1 𝑥 +1
𝑥 5 − 2𝑥 3 − 2𝑥 𝑥
∫ 2
𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑥 3 𝑑𝑥 − 3 ∫ 𝑥𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 2 𝑑𝑥
𝑥 +1 𝑥 +1

𝑥 4 3𝑥 2 𝑥
= − +∫ 2 𝑑𝑥
4 2 𝑥 +1
Let let 𝑢 = 𝑥 2 + 1
𝑑𝑢
𝑑𝑢 = 2𝑥𝑑𝑥 𝑜𝑟 𝑥𝑑𝑥 = 2

𝑥 4 3𝑥 2 1 𝑑𝑢
= − +∫
4 2 𝑢 2
𝑥 4 3𝑥 2 1
= − + ln 𝑢 + 𝑐
4 2 2
Replace back 𝑢 = 𝑥 2 + 1
𝑥 4 3𝑥 2 1
= − + ln|𝑥 2 + 1| + 𝑐 ∎
4 2 2
Workbook in Integral Calculus: Engr. Brent C. Begay 7|Page
Workbook in Integral Calculus: Engr. Brent C. Begay 8|Page
 PROBLEM SET NO. 2
Integration by Substitution

Name:____________________________________________ Score:__________________
Course & Year:__________________________________ Date:___________________
Direction: Evaluate the following indefinite integrals:

1. ∫ √4 − 5𝑥 𝑑𝑥

2. ∫(𝑥 3 + 2𝑥 )5 (6𝑥 2 + 4) 𝑑𝑥

(𝑥 + 1)
3. ∫ 3 𝑑𝑥
√𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 1

3
1 2
(𝑥 3 + 1)
4. ∫ 2 𝑑𝑥
𝑥3

√ln 𝑥
5. ∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑥

𝑒 2𝑥
6. ∫ 𝑑𝑥
√1 + 𝑒 2𝑥

7. ∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛3 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 𝑑𝑥

sin 2𝑥
8. ∫ 𝑑𝑥
(1 − cos 2𝑥 )4

cos 4𝑥
9. ∫ 𝑑𝑥
sin3 4𝑥

3𝑥 2 + 14𝑥 + 13
10. ∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑥+4

Workbook in Integral Calculus: Engr. Brent C. Begay 9|Page

IV – INTEGRATION OF TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

The following are useful formulas for evaluating the integrals of the six
trigonometric functions:

1. ∫ sin 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = − cos 𝑢 + 𝑐

2. ∫ cos 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = sin 𝑢 + 𝑐

3. ∫ tan 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = − ln|cos 𝑢| + 𝑐

4. ∫ cot 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = ln|sin 𝑢| + 𝑐

5. ∫ sec 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = ln|sec 𝑢 + tan 𝑢| + 𝑐

6. ∫ csc 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = − ln|csc 𝑢 + cot 𝑢| + 𝑐

7. ∫ sec2 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = tan 𝑢 + 𝑐

8. ∫ csc2 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = −cot 𝑢 + 𝑐

9. ∫ sec u tan 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = sec 𝑢 + 𝑐

10. ∫ csc u cot 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = − csc 𝑢 + 𝑐

EXAMPLES:

1. 𝐸𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑒 ∫(sec 5𝑥 + tan 5𝑥) 𝑑𝑥

Solution:
Let 𝑢 = 5𝑥
1
𝑑𝑢 = 5𝑑𝑥 𝑜𝑟 𝑑𝑥 = 5 𝑑𝑢

Thus,
𝑑𝑢
∫(sec 5𝑥 + tan 5𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 = ∫(sec 𝑢 tan 𝑢) ∙
5
1
= sec 𝑢 + 𝑐
5
1
= sec 5𝑥 + 𝑐 ∎
5

Workbook in Integral Calculus: Engr. Brent C. Begay 10 | P a g e

 sin 𝑥 + cos 𝑥
2. 𝐸𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑒 ∫ ( ) 𝑑𝑥
sin2 𝑥
Solution:
sin 𝑥 + cos 𝑥 sin 𝑥 cos 𝑥
∫( 2
) 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ ( 2 + 2 ) 𝑑𝑥
sin 𝑥 sin 𝑥 sin 𝑥
1 cos 𝑥 1
= ∫( + ∙ ) 𝑑𝑥
sin 𝑥 sin 𝑥 sin 𝑥

= ∫(csc 𝑥 + cot 𝑥 ∙ csc 𝑥 )𝑑𝑥

= ∫ csc 𝑥𝑑𝑥 + ∫ cot 𝑥𝑐𝑠𝑐 𝑥𝑑𝑥

Let 𝑢 = 𝑥 , 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑𝑥
= − ln|csc 𝑢 + cot 𝑢| − csc 𝑢 + 𝑐
= − ln|csc 𝑥 + cot 𝑥 | − csc 𝑥 + 𝑐 ∎

3. 𝐸𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑒 ∫ cos 4 𝑥 sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

Solution:
Let 𝑢 = cos 𝑥
𝑑𝑢 = − sin 𝑥𝑑𝑥 𝑜𝑟 sin 𝑥𝑑𝑥 = −𝑑𝑢

∫ cos 4 𝑥 sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑢4 ∙ (−𝑑𝑢)

= − ∫ 𝑢4 𝑑𝑢

𝑢5
=− +𝑐
5
cos 5 𝑥
=− +𝑐 ∎
5
2 sin 4𝑥
4. 𝐸𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑒 ∫ 𝑑𝑥
cos 2 4𝑥
Solution:
Let 𝑢 = cos 4𝑥
𝑑𝑢 = − sin 4𝑥 ∙ (4)𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑢 − 4sin 4𝑥𝑑𝑥
=
2 2
𝑑𝑢
− = 2 sin 4𝑥𝑑𝑥
2

Workbook in Integral Calculus: Engr. Brent C. Begay 11 | P a g e

 −𝑑𝑢
2 sin 4𝑥 1 𝑑𝑢
∫ 2
𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 22 = − ∫ 2
cos 4𝑥 𝑢 2 𝑢
1 1 𝑢−1
= − ∫ 𝑢−2 𝑑𝑢 = − +𝐶
2 2 (−1)
1 1
= + 𝐶 𝑜𝑟 +𝐶 ∎
2𝑢 2 cos 4𝑥

4. 𝐸𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑒 ∫ cos(2𝑥 − 6) 𝑑𝑥

Solution:
Let 𝑢 = 2𝑥 − 6
𝑑𝑢 = 2 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑢
= 𝑑𝑥
2
𝑑𝑢 1
∫ cos(2𝑥 − 6) 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ cos 𝑢 = sin 𝑢 + 𝐶
2 2
1
= sin(2𝑥 − 6) + 𝐶 ∎
2

Workbook in Integral Calculus: Engr. Brent C. Begay 12 | P a g e

 PROBLEM SET NO. 3
Integration by Trigonometric Substitution

Name:____________________________________________ Score:__________________
Course & Year:__________________________________ Date:___________________
Direction: Evaluate the following indefinite integrals:
𝑑𝑥
1. ∫
sin 3𝑥 tan 3𝑥

2. ∫(sin 𝑥 + cos 𝑥)2 𝑑𝑥

3. ∫ 3𝑐𝑜𝑠 25𝑥 𝑑𝑥

4. ∫(2 + tan 𝑥)2 𝑑𝑥

5. ∫ sin3 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

cos 2 𝑥
6. ∫ 𝑑𝑥
1 + sin 𝑥

7. ∫ (sec2 𝑥)√5 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 𝑑𝑥

sin 𝑥
8. ∫ 𝑑𝑥
1 + sin 𝑥

9. ∫ 𝑥 2 cot 𝑥 3 𝑑𝑥

10. ∫(sec 𝑥 tan 𝑥) √4 + 3 sec 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

Workbook in Integral Calculus: Engr. Brent C. Begay 13 | P a g e

V – INTEGRATION OF EXPONENTIAL FUNCTIONS

To evaluate exponential functions, use the following formulas:

1. ∫ 𝑒 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑒 𝑢 + 𝐶

𝑎𝑢
2. ∫ 𝑎𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = +𝐶 , 𝑎 > 0, 𝑎 ≠ 1
ln 𝑎

EXAMPLES:

1. 𝐸𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑒 ∫ 𝑒 5𝑥 𝑑𝑥

Solution:
Let 𝑢 = 5𝑥
1
𝑑𝑢 = 5𝑑𝑥 𝑜𝑟 𝑑𝑥 = 5 𝑑𝑢

Hence,
𝑑𝑢 1
∫ 𝑒 5𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑒 𝑢 ∙ = ∫ 𝑒 𝑢 𝑑𝑢
5 5
1
= 𝑒𝑢 + 𝐶
5
1
= 𝑒 5𝑥 + 𝐶 ∎
5

2. 𝐸𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑒 ∫ 43𝑥 𝑑𝑥

Solution:
Let 𝑢 = 3𝑥, 𝑎=4
1
𝑑𝑢 = 3𝑑𝑥 𝑜𝑟 𝑑𝑥 = 3 𝑑𝑢

Hence,
𝑑𝑢 1
∫ 43𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 4𝑢 ∙ = ∫ 4𝑢 𝑑𝑢
3 3
1 4𝑢
= ( )+𝐶
3 ln 4
1 43𝑥
= ( )+𝐶
3 ln 4
43𝑥
= +𝐶 ∎
ln 64

Workbook in Integral Calculus: Engr. Brent C. Begay 14 | P a g e

 𝑑𝑥
3. 𝐸𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑒 ∫
𝑒 2𝑥

Solution:
𝑑𝑥
∫ = ∫ 𝑒 −2𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑒 2𝑥
Let 𝑢 = −2𝑥
1
𝑑𝑢 = −2𝑑𝑥 𝑜𝑟 𝑑𝑥 = − 2 𝑑𝑢

Hence,
−𝑑𝑢 1
∫ 𝑒 −2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑒 𝑢 ∙ = − ∫ 𝑒 𝑢 𝑑𝑢
2 2
1
= − 𝑒𝑢 + 𝐶
2
1
= − 𝑒 −2𝑥 + 𝐶 ∎
2

4. 𝐸𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑒 ∫(𝑒 sin 4𝑥 cos 4𝑥) 𝑑𝑥

Solution:
Let 𝑢 = sin 4𝑥
𝑑𝑢
𝑑𝑢 = − cos 4𝑥 (4)𝑑𝑥 𝑜𝑟 cos 4𝑥𝑑𝑥 = − 4

Hence,
−𝑑𝑢
∫(𝑒 sin 4𝑥 cos 4𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑒 𝑢 ∙
4
1
= − ∫ 𝑒 𝑢 𝑑𝑢
4
1
= − 𝑒𝑢 + 𝐶
4
1
= − 𝑒 sin 4𝑥 + 𝐶 ∎
4

5. 𝐸𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑒 ∫ √𝑒 3𝑥 𝑑𝑥

Solution:
1 3
∫ √𝑒 3𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ∫(𝑒 3𝑥 )2 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑒 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥
3 3 2
𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒: 𝑢 = 2 𝑥, 𝑑𝑢 = 2 𝑑𝑥, 𝑑𝑥 = 3 𝑑𝑥

Workbook in Integral Calculus: Engr. Brent C. Begay 15 | P a g e

 1
𝑑𝑢 = 3𝑑𝑥 𝑜𝑟 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑢
3
3 2
∫ 𝑒 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑒 𝑢 ( 𝑑𝑢)
3
2
= ∫ 𝑒 𝑢 𝑑𝑢
3
2 𝑢
= 𝑒 +𝐶
3
2 3
= 𝑒 2𝑥 + 𝐶 ∎
3

Workbook in Integral Calculus: Engr. Brent C. Begay 16 | P a g e

 PROBLEM SET NO. 4
Integration by Exponential Functions

Name:____________________________________________ Score:__________________
Course & Year:__________________________________ Date:___________________
Direction: Evaluate the following indefinite integrals:
4 𝑑𝑥
1. ∫
sec 𝑥 𝑒 sin 𝑥

2. ∫(2 − 3𝑒 𝑥 ) 𝑑𝑥

𝑒 2𝑥 3
3. ∫ 𝑒 5𝑥 ( + 3𝑥 ) 𝑑𝑥
7 𝑒

2 −𝑦
4. ∫ 3(8𝑦 − 1)𝑒 4𝑦 𝑑𝑦

5. ∫(𝑒 4𝑥 − 𝑒 −4𝑥 )2 𝑑𝑦

𝑒𝑥 + 1
6. ∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑒𝑥

4
7. ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 4𝑥 3 𝑑𝑥

8. ∫ 3𝑥 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥

9. ∫ 53−2𝑥 𝑑𝑥

10. ∫ 𝑒 sin 4𝑥 cos 4𝑥 𝑑𝑥

Workbook in Integral Calculus: Engr. Brent C. Begay 17 | P a g e

VI – INTEGRATION OF TRANSCENDENTAL FUNCTIONS

The functions which are not algebraic are called Transcendental Functions. They
include Trigonometric functions, Exponential Functions, Logarithmic Functions and
Hyperbolic Functions, etc.
a. PRODUCT OF SINES AND COSINES
To evaluate the following integrals:

∫ sin 𝑢 cos 𝑣 𝑑𝑥

∫ cos 𝑢 cos 𝑣 𝑑𝑥

∫ sin 𝑢 sin 𝑣 𝑑𝑥

Where u and v are differentiable functions of x and u ≠ v, reduce to

the following identities:
𝑖. 2 sin 𝑢 cos 𝑣 = sin(𝑢 + 𝑣 ) + sin(𝑢 − 𝑣)

∫ 2 sin 𝑢 cos 𝑣 = ∫[sin(𝑢 + 𝑣 ) + sin(𝑢 − 𝑣)]𝑑𝑥

𝑖𝑖. 2 cos 𝑢 cos 𝑣 = cos(𝑢 + 𝑣 ) + cos(𝑢 − 𝑣)

∫ 2 cos 𝑢 cos 𝑣 = ∫[cos(𝑢 + 𝑣 ) + cos(𝑢 − 𝑣)]𝑑𝑥

𝑖𝑖𝑖. 2 sin 𝑢 sin 𝑣 = cos(𝑢 − 𝑣 ) − cos(𝑢 + 𝑣)

∫ 2 sin 𝑢 sin 𝑣 = ∫[cos(𝑢 − 𝑣 ) − cos(𝑢 + 𝑣)]𝑑𝑥

EXAMPLES:

1. 𝐸𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑒 ∫ sin 5𝑥 sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

Solution:
1
∫ sin 5𝑥 sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ∫(2𝑠𝑖𝑛5𝑥 sin 𝑥)𝑑𝑥
2
𝑢 = 5𝑥, 𝑣=𝑥

1
= ∫[cos(5𝑥 − 𝑥 ) − cos(5𝑥 + 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 ]
2
Workbook in Integral Calculus: Engr. Brent C. Begay 18 | P a g e
 1
= ∫(cos 4𝑥 − cos 6𝑥)𝑑𝑥
2
1 1 1
= [ sin 4𝑥 − sin 6𝑥] + 𝐶
2 4 6
1 1
= sin 4𝑥 − sin 6𝑥 + 𝐶 ∎
8 12

2. 𝐸𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑒 ∫ sin(4𝑥 − 3) cos(𝑥 + 5) 𝑑𝑥

Solution:
1
∫ sin(4𝑥 − 3) cos(𝑥 + 5) 𝑑𝑥 = ∫[sin(4𝑥 − 3 + 𝑥 + 5) + sin(4𝑥 − 3 − 𝑥 − 5)]𝑑𝑥
2
1
= ∫[sin(5𝑥 + 2) + sin(3𝑥 − 8)]𝑑𝑥
2
1 1 1
= [− cos(5𝑥 + 2) − cos(3𝑥 − 8)] + 𝐶
2 5 3
1 1
= − cos(5𝑥 + 2) − cos(3𝑥 − 8) + 𝐶 ∎
10 6

3. 𝐸𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑒 ∫ 4 sin 8𝑥 cos 3𝑥 𝑑𝑥

Solution:

∫ 4 sin 8𝑥 cos 3𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 2 ∫ 2 sin 8𝑥 cos 3𝑥 𝑑𝑥

= 2 ∫(sin 11𝑥 + sin 5𝑥) 𝑑𝑥

2 2
=− cos 11𝑥 − cos 5𝑥 + 𝐶 ∎
11 5

4. 𝐸𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑒 ∫ 3 sin 5𝑥 cos 4𝑥 𝑑𝑥

Solution:
3
∫ 3 sin 5𝑥 cos 4𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 2 sin 5𝑥 cos 4𝑥 𝑑𝑥
2
3
= ∫ (sin 9𝑥 + sin 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥
2
3 1
= (− cos 9𝑥 − cos 𝑥) + 𝐶
2 9
1 3
= − cos 9𝑥 − cos 𝑥 + 𝐶 ∎
6 2

Workbook in Integral Calculus: Engr. Brent C. Begay 19 | P a g e

 PROBLEM SET NO. 5
Products of Sines and Cosines

Name:____________________________________________ Score:__________________
Course & Year:__________________________________ Date:___________________
Direction: Evaluate the following indefinite integrals:

1. ∫ cos 6𝑥 cos 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥

2. ∫ sin 2𝑥 cos 4𝑥 𝑑𝑥

1 1
3. ∫ sin 𝑥 cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
2 4

4. ∫ cos(3𝑥 − 2𝜋) cos(𝑥 + 𝜋)𝑑𝑥

5. ∫ sin(1 − 2𝑥 ) sin(2𝑥 + 3)𝑑𝑥

6. ∫ 4 sin 8𝑥 cos 3𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝜋 𝜋
7. ∫ 3 cos (2𝑥 − ) cos (𝑥 + ) 𝑑𝑥
2 4
𝜋 𝜋
8. ∫ 5 sin (4𝑥 − ) sin (2𝑥 − ) 𝑑𝑥
3 6
𝜋 𝜋
9. ∫ 8 sin (3𝑥 − ) cos (𝑥 + ) 𝑑𝑥
4 2

10. ∫ cos 2𝑥 cos 7𝑥 𝑑𝑥

Workbook in Integral Calculus: Engr. Brent C. Begay 20 | P a g e

 b. PRODUCT OF SINES AND COSINES
Consider ∫ sin𝑚 𝑥 cos 𝑛 𝑥 𝑑𝑥, when 𝑚, 𝑛 ≠ 1, observe the following cases:
CASE 1: When m is a positive odd integer and n is any number, write the integrand
into:
𝐬𝐢𝐧𝒎 𝒙 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝒏 𝒙 = (𝐬𝐢𝐧𝒎−𝟏 𝒙 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝒏 𝒙) 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙
and use the trigonometric identity:
𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟐 𝒙 = 𝟏 − 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝟐 𝒙
EXAMPLES:

1. 𝐸𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑒 ∫ sin3 𝑥 cos 2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

Solution:

∫ sin3 𝑥 cos 2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ sin2 𝑥 cos 2 𝑥 sin 𝑥𝑑𝑥

= ∫(1 − cos 2 𝑥) cos 2 𝑥 sin 𝑥𝑑𝑥

= ∫(cos 2 𝑥 − cos 4 𝑥) sin 𝑥𝑑𝑥

𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑢 = cos 𝑥, 𝑑𝑢 = − sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

= ∫(𝑢2 − 𝑢4 ) ∙ −𝑑𝑢

= − ∫(𝑢2 − 𝑢4 )𝑑𝑢

𝑢3 𝑢5
=− + +𝐶
3 5
cos 5 𝑥 cos 3 𝑥
= − +𝐶 ∎
5 3
CASE 2: When m is any number and n is a positive odd, write the integrand into:
𝐬𝐢𝐧𝒎 𝒙 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝒏 𝒙 = (𝐬𝐢𝐧𝒎 𝒙 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝒏−𝟏 𝒙) 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙
and use the trigonometric identity:
𝐜𝐨𝐬𝟐 𝒙 = 𝟏 − 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟐 𝒙
EXAMPLES:

1. 𝐸𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑒 ∫ sin2 3𝑥 cos 3 3𝑥 𝑑𝑥

Solution:

∫ sin2 3𝑥 cos 3 3𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ sin2 3𝑥 cos 2 3 𝑥 cos 3𝑥 𝑑𝑥

Workbook in Integral Calculus: Engr. Brent C. Begay 21 | P a g e

 = ∫ sin2 3𝑥 (1 − sin2 3𝑥) cos 3𝑥 𝑑𝑥

= ∫(sin2 3𝑥 − sin4 3𝑥) cos 3𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑢 = sin 3𝑥
𝑑𝑢 = cos 3𝑥 ∙

Workbook in Integral Calculus: Engr. Brent C. Begay 22 | P a g e

Workbook in Integral Calculus: Engr. Brent C. Begay 23 | P a g e