SAF 2205™

TUBE AND PIPE, SEAMLESS

DATASHEET

SAF 2205™ is a duplex (austenitic-ferritic) stainless steel characterized by:

– High resistance to stress corrosion cracking (SCC) in chloride-bearing environments

– High resistance to stress corrosion cracking (SCC) in environments containing hydrogen sulfide
– High resistance to general corrosion, pitting, and crevice corrosion
– High resistance to erosion corrosion and corrosion fatigue
– High mechanical strength - roughly twice the proof strength of austenitic stainless steel
– Physical properties that offer design advantages
– Good weldability

STANDARDS
– UNS: S31803, S32205
– EN Number: 1.4462
– EN Name: X2CrNiMoN 22-5-3
– W.Nr.: 1.4462
– DIN: X2CrNiMoN 22 5 3
– SS: 2377
– AFNOR: Z2.CND22.05.03

PRODUCT STANDARDS

Datasheet updated 9/23/2021 8:17:16 AM (supersedes all previous editions)

Seamless tube: EN 10216-5, NFA 49-217
Seamless and welded tube: ASTM A789
Seamless and welded pipe: ASTM A790
Flanges and valves: ASTM A182
Fittings: ASTM A182; A815
Plate, sheet and strip: ASTM A240, EN 10088-2
Bar and shapes: ASTM A276, A479, EN 10088-3
Forged billets EN 10088-3

APPROVALS
– ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section VIII, Div. 1 and Div. 2
– VdTÜV-Werkstoffblatt 418 (Ferritisch-austenitischer Walz- und Schmiedestahl)

– NACE MR0175/ISO 15156 (Petroleum and natural gas industries - Materials for use in H2S-containing

1 SAF 2205™
 Environments in oil and gas production - Part 3: Cracking-resistant CRAs (corrosion resistant alloys and other
alloys) (Published:2015)

– NACE MR0103-2012, Materials Resistant to Sulfide Stress Cracking in Corrosive Petroleum Refining
Environments
– DNV (Approval of Seamless Ferritic/Austenitic Stainless Steel Tubes and Pipes in Quality Sandvik SAF 2205)
– ASME B31.3 Process Piping

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION (NOMINAL)

Chemical composition (nominal) %

C Si Mn P S Cr Ni Mo N
≤0.030 ≤1.0 ≤2.0 ≤0.030 ≤0.015 22 5 3.2 0.18

APPLICATIONS
Due to its excellent corrosion properties, SAF 2205™ is a highly suitable material for service in environments
containing chlorides and hydrogen sulphide. The material is suitable for use in production tubing and flowlines for
the extraction of oil and gas from sour wells, in refineries and in process solutions contaminated with chlorides.
SAF 2205™ is particularly suitable for heat exchangers where chloride-bearing water or brackish water is used as
a cooling medium. The steel is also suitable for use in dilute sulphuric acid solutions and for handling, organic
acids, e.g. acetic acid and mixtures.

The high strength of SAF 2205™ makes the material an attractive alternative to the austenitic steels in structures
subjected to heavy loads.

The good mechanical and corrosion properties make SAF 2205™ an economical choice in many applications by
reducing the life cycle cost of equipment.

CORROSION RESISTANCE
General corrosion
In most media, SAF 2205™ possesses better resistance to general corrosion than steel of type ASTM TP316L
and TP317L. The improved resistance of SAF 2205 is illustrated by the isocorrosion diagram for corrosion in
sulphuric acid, Figure 3, and the diagram showing the corrosion rates in mixtures of acetic and formic acid, Figure
4. Figure 5 shows the isocorrosion diagram for SAF 2205 in hydrochloric acid.

Impurities that increase corrosivity are often present in process solutions of acids. If there is a risk of active
corrosion, higher alloyed stainless steels should be chosen, e.g. the austenitic grades Sandvik 2RK65™ or

Datasheet updated 9/23/2021 8:17:16 AM (supersedes all previous editions)

Sanicro® 28, or the super-duplex grade SAF 2507®.

2 SAF 2205™
Figure 3. Iso- corrosion diagram for SAF 2205™, ASTM TP316L and ASTM TP317L in sulphuric acid. The curves
represent a corrosion rate of 0.1 mm/year (4 mpy) in a natural aerated stagnant test solution.

Datasheet updated 9/23/2021 8:17:16 AM (supersedes all previous editions)

Figure 4. Corrosion rate of SAF 2205™, ASTM TP316L and ASTM TP317L in boiling mixtures of 50% acetic acid
and varying proportions of formic acid. Test time 1+3+3 days.

3 SAF 2205™
Figure 5. Iso- corrosion diagram in naturally aerated hydrochloric acid. The curves represent a corrosion rate of
0.1 mm/year (4 mpy) in stagnant test solution.

Pitting corrosion
The pitting resistance of a steel is determined primarily by its chromium and molybdenum contents, but also by
its nitrogen content and its slag composition and content. The manufacturing and fabrication practices, e.g.
welding, are also of vital importance for actual performance in service.

A parameter for comparing the resistance of different steels to pitting, is the PRE number (Pitting Resistance
Equivalent). The PRE is defined as, in weight-%: PRE = % Cr + 3.3 x % Mo + 16 x % N

The PRE number for SAF 2205™ is compared with other materials in the following table:

Grade % Cr % Mo %N PRE

Datasheet updated 9/23/2021 8:17:16 AM (supersedes all previous editions)

SAF 2205* 22 3.2 0.18 >35
UNS S31803 21.0-23.0 2.50-3.50 0.08-0.20 >30
Alloy 825 20 2.6 - 29
ASTM TP317L 18 3.5 - 30
ASTM TP316L 17 2.2 - 24
* SAF 2205™ has a chemical composition within UNS S32205, which is optimized within the UNS S31803 range in order to
provide a high PRE value.

The ranking given by the PRE number has been confirmed in laboratory tests. This ranking can generally be used
to predict the performance of an alloy in chloride containing environments. Because of the high Mo and N
contents, the PRE number for SAF 2205™ is significantly higher than what would be the case with lower Mo and
N contents which are still within the limits of UNS S31803.

The results of laboratory tests, to determine the critical temperature for the initiation of pitting (CPT) at different
chloride contents are shown in Figure 6. The chosen testing conditions have yielded results that match well with
practical experience. Thus, SAF 2205™ can be used at considerably higher temperatures and chloride contents

4 SAF 2205™
than ASTM TP304 and ASTM TP316 without pitting. SAF 2205™ is, therefore, far more serviceable in chloride-
bearing environments than standard austenitic steels.

Figure 6. Critical pitting temperatures (CPT) for SAF 2205™, ASTM TP304 and ASTM TP316 at varying
concentrations of sodium chloride (potentiostatic determination at +300 mV SCE), pH6.0

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5 SAF 2205™
Figure Figure 7. Resistance to stress corrosion cracking (SCC) in neutral chloride solutions with an oxygen
content of about 8 ppm. Laboratory results for SAF 2205™ of constant load specimens loaded to the proof
strength at the test temperature.

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6 SAF 2205™
Figure 8. Results of stress corrosion cracking (SCC) tests on SAF 2205, ASTM TP304L and ASTM TP316L in
40% CaCl2, pH 6.5, at 100oC (210oF) with aerated test solution.

Stress corrosion cracking (SCC)

The standard austenitic steels ASTM TP304L and ASTM TP316L are prone to stress corrosion cracking (SCC) in
chloride-bearing solutions at temperatures above 60°C (140°F).

Duplex stainless steels are far less prone to this type of corrosion. Laboratory tests reveal good resistance to

Datasheet updated 9/23/2021 8:17:16 AM (supersedes all previous editions)

stress corrosion cracking of SAF 2205™. Results from the tests are presented in Figure 7. The diagram indicates
the temperature-chloride range within which SAF 2205 and the standard steels ASTM TP304L and ASTM
TP316L have low susceptibility to stress corrosion cracking.

Results of laboratory tests carried out in calcium chloride are shown in Figure 8. The tests have been continued
to failure or a max. test time of 500 h.

The diagram shows that SAF 2205™ has a much higher resistance to SCC than the standard austenitic steels
ASTM TP304L and ASTM TP316L.

In aqueous solutions containing hydrogen sulphide and chlorides, stress corrosion cracking can also occur on
stainless steels at temperatures below
60°C (140°F). The corrosivity of such solutions is affected by acidity and chloride content. In direct contrast to
ordinary chloride-induced stress corrosion cracking, ferritic stainless steels are more sensitive to this type of
stress corrosion cracking, than austenitic steels.

Laboratory tests have shown that SAF 2205™ possesses good resistance to stress corrosion cracking in
environments containing hydrogen sulphide. This has also been confirmed by available operating experience.

7 SAF 2205™
In accordance with NACE MR0175/ISO 15156 solution annealed and cold-worked SAF 2205™ is acceptable for
use at any temperature up to 450°F (232°C) in sour environments, if the partial pressure of hydrogen sulphide
does not exceed 0.3 psi (0.02 bar) and its hardness is not greater than HRC 36. In the solution annealed and
rapidly cooled condition SAF 2205™ is acceptable for use at any temperature up to 450°F (232°C) in sour
environments, if the partial pressure of hydrogen sulphide does not exceed 1.5 psi (0.1 bar).

According to NACE MR0103 solution annealed and rapidly cooled SAF 2205™, with hardness maximum HRC 28
is acceptable in sour petroleum refining.

Figure 9 shows the results of stress corrosion cracking tests at room temperature in NACE TM 01777 test
solution A with hydrogen sulphide. The high resistance of SAF 2205™ is shown in the figure by the fact that very
high stresses, about 1.1 times the 0.2% proof strength, are required to induce stress corrosion cracking. The
resistance of welded joints is slightly lower. The ferritic chromium steel ASTM 410 fails at considerably lower
stress.

Datasheet updated 9/23/2021 8:17:16 AM (supersedes all previous editions)

Figure 9. Results of tests according to NACE TM 0177 test solution A of SAF 2205™ in welded and unwelded
condition.

Intergranular corrosion
SAF 2205™ is a member of the family of modern duplex stainless steels whose chemical composition is
balanced in such a way that the reformation of austenite in the heat-affected zone, adjacent to the weld, takes
place quickly. This results in a microstructure that gives corrosion properties and toughness roughly equal to that
of the parent metal. Testing according to ASTM A262 PRE (Strauss´ test) presents no problems for welded joints
in SAF 2205™, which pass without reservations.

Crevice corrosion
In the same way as the resistance to pitting can be related to the chromium, molybdenum and nitrogen contents
of the steel, so can the resistance to crevice corrosion. SAF 2205™ possesses better resistance to crevice
corrosion than steels of the ASTM 316L type.

8 SAF 2205™
Erosion corrosion
Steels of the ASTM 316 type are attacked by erosion corrosion if exposed to flowing media containing highly
abrasive solid particles, e.g. sand, or to media with very high flow velocities. Under such conditions SAF 2205™
displays very good resistance because of its combination of high hardness and good corrosion resistance.

Corrosion fatigue
SAF 2205™ possesses higher strength and better corrosion resistance than ordinary austenitic stainless steels.
Consequently, SAF 2205, has considerably better fatigue strength under corrosive conditions than such steels.

In rotary bending, fatigue tests in a 3% NaCl solution (pH = 7; 40°C (104°F); 6000 rpm), the following results were
obtained. The values shown indicate the stress required to bring about rupture after 2 * 107 cycles.

Grade Stress level Specimen

Specimen with notch
without notch
MPa ksi MPa ksi
SAF 2205 430 62 230 33
ASTM TP316L 260 38 140 20
(17Cr12Ni2.5MoN)

FABRICATION
Bending
The starting force needed for bending is slightly higher for SAF 2205™ than for standard austenitic grades
(ASTM TP304L and TP316L). SAF 2205™ can be cold-bent to 25% deformation without requiring subsequent
heat treatment. For pressure vessel applications in Germany and the Nordic countries, heat treatment may be
required after cold deformation in accordance with VdTÜV-Wb 418 and NGS 1606.

Under service conditions where the risk of stress corrosion cracking starts to increase, heat treatment is
recommended even after moderate cold bending, for example, where the material temperature is nearly 150°C
(300°F) in an oxygen-bearing, environment with around 100 ppm Cl-.

Heat treatment is carried out in the form of solution annealing (see under Heat treatment) or resistance annealing.
Hot bending is carried out at 1100-950°C (2010-1740°F) and should be followed by solution annealing.

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Expanding
Compared with austenitic stainless steels, SAF 2205™ has higher proof and a tensile strengths. This must be
borne in mind when expanding tubes into tube-sheets. Normal expanding methods can be used, but the
expansion requires higher initial force and should be undertaken in one operation.

Machining
Being a two-phase (austenitic-ferritic) material, SAF 2205™ will present a different tool wear profile from that of
single phase steels of types ASTM TP304/304L and TP316/316L. The cutting speed must, therefore, be lower
than that recommended for ASTM 304/304L and 316/316L. Built-up edges and chipping are to be expected. It
is recommended that a tougher insert grade is used than when machining austenitic stainless steel, e.g. ASTM
TP304L.

A version with improved machinability, Sandvik Sanmac 2205™, is available as bar and hollow bar.

FORMS OF SUPPLY
Seamless tube and pipe in SAF 2205™ is supplied in dimensions up to 260 mm (10.2 in.) outside diameter. They
are delivered in the solution annealed condition and either white pickled or bright annealed. They can also be
delivered cold-worked without subsequent heat treatment.

9 SAF 2205™
Other product forms
– Welded tube and pipe
– Fittings and flanges
– Strip, annealed or cold-rolled to different degrees of hardness
– Bar
– Plate, sheet and wide strip
– Forged products
– Cast products

HEAT TREATMENT
Tubes are normally delivered in the heat-treated condition. If additional heat treatment is needed due to further
processing, the following is recommended.

Solution annealing
1020 - 1100°C (1870-2010°F), rapid cooling in air or water.

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
The following values apply to material in the solution annealed condition. Tube and pipe with wall thicknesses
above 20 mm (0.787 in.) may have slightly lower values. For seamless tubes with a wall thickness <4 mm we
guarantee proof strength (Rp0.2) values that are 10% higher than those listed below at 20°C (68°F) and than
those listed at higher temperatures. More detailed information can be supplied on request.

At 20 °C (68°F)
Tube and pipe with a wall thickness max. 20 mm (0.79 in.)

Metric units

Proof strength Tensile strength Elong. Hardness

R p0.2a R p1.0a Rm Ab A2" HRC
MPa MPa MPa % %
≥485 ≥500 680-880 ≥25 ≥25 ≤28

Imperial units

Datasheet updated 9/23/2021 8:17:16 AM (supersedes all previous editions)

Proof strength Tensile strength Elong. Hardness
R p0.2a R p1.0a Rm Ab A2" HRC
ksi ksi ksi % %
≥70 ≥73 99-128 ≥25 ≥25 ≤28
1 MPa = 1 N/mm2
a) Rp0.2 and Rp1.0 correspond to 0.2% offset and 1.0% offset yield strength, respectively.
b) Based on L0 = 5.65 √S0 where L0 is the original gauge length and S0 the original cross-sectional area.

Seamless tube and pipe in the cold-worked condition

Intended for oil and gas production

Proof strength Tensile strength Elong.

R p0.2 Rm A2"
MPa ksi MPa ksi %

10 SAF 2205™
 Proof strength Tensile strength Elong.
R p0.2 Rm A2"
MPa ksi MPa ksi %
≥895 ≥130 ≥965 ≥140 ≥10

Impact strength
SAF 2205™ possesses good impact strength both at room temperature and at low temperatures, as is evident
from Figure 1. The values apply for standard Charpy-V specimens (10 x 10 mm, 0.39 x 0.39 in.).

The impact strength of welded SAF 2205™ is also good, despite the impact strength values in the as-welded
condition being slightly lower than for weld-free material. Tests demonstrate that the impact strength of material,
welded by means of gas-shielded arc welding, is good in both the weld metal and the heat-affected zone down
to -50°C (-58°F). At this temperature, the impact strength is a minimum of 27 J (20 ft lb). If very high impact
strength demands are made on the weld metal at low temperatures, solution annealing is recommended. This
restores the impact strength of the weld metal to the same level as that of the parent metal.

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Figure 1. Curve showing typical impact strength values (Charpy-V) for SAF 2205. Specimen size 10x10 mm (0.39
x 0.39 in.).

11 SAF 2205™
At high temperatures
If SAF 2205™ is exposed to temperatures exceeding 280°C (540°F), for prolonged periods, the microstructure
changes, which results in a reduction in impact strength. This does not necessarily affect the behavior of the
material at the operating temperature. For example, heat exchanger tubes can be used at higher temperatures
without any problems. Please contact Sandvik for more information. For pressure vessel applications, 280°C
(540°F) is required as a maximum according to VdTÜV-Wb 418 and NGS 1606.

Tube and pipe with wall thickness max. 20 mm (0.79 in.)

Metric units

Temperature Proof strength

R p0.2
°C MPa
min
50 415
100 360
150 335
200 310
250 295
300 280

Imperial units

Temperature Proof strength

R p0.2
°F ksi
min
120 60.5
200 53.5
300 48.5
400 45.0
500 42.5

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600 40.0

According to ASME B31.3 the following design values are recommended for UNS S31803 (SAF 2205™)

Temperature, °F °C Stress ksi MPa

100 38 30.0 207
200 93 30.0 207
300 149 28.9 199
400 204 27.9 192
500 260 27.2 188
600 316 26.9 185

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Density: 7.8 g/cm3, 0.28 lb/in3

12 SAF 2205™
Specific heat capacity

Temperature, °C J/(kg °C) Temperature, °F Btu/(lb °F)

20 480 68 0.11
100 500 200 0.12
200 530 400 0.13
300 550 600 0.13
400 590 800 0.14

Thermal conductivity
Metric units

Temperature,°C 20 100 200 300 400

W/(m °C)
SAF 2205 14 16 17 19 20
ASTM TP316L 14 15 17 18 20

Imperial units

Temperature, °F 68 200 400 600 800

Btu/(ft h °F)
SAF 2205 8 9 10 11 12
ASTM TP316L 8 9 10 10 12

Thermal expansion, Metric units 1)

Temperature, °C 30-100 30-200 30-300 30-400

Per °C
SAF 2205 13.0 13.5 14.0 14.5
Carbon steel 12.5 13.0 13.5 14.0
ASTM TP316L 16.5 17.0 17.5 18.0
1) Mean values in temperature ranges (X10-6)

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Imperial units

Temperature, °F 86-200 86-400 86-600 86-800

Per °F
SAF 2205 7.0 7.5 8.0 8.0
Carbon steel 6.8 7.0 7.5 7.8
ASTM TP316L 9.0 9.5 9.8 10.0

SAF 2205™ has a far lower coefficient of thermal expansion than austenitic stainless steels and can therefore
offer certain design advantages.

13 SAF 2205™
Figure 2. Thermal expansion per °C (30-100°C).

Resistivity

Temperature, °C μΩm Temperature, °F μΩin.

20 0.74 68 29
100 0.85 200 33
200 0.96 400 40
300 1.00 600 43
400 1.10 800 45

Modulus of elasticity 1)

Temperature, °C MPa Temperature, °F ksi

20 200 68 29.0
100 194 200 28.2
200 186 400 27.0
300 180 600 26.2
1) ( x103 )

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WELDING
The weldability of SAF 2205™ is good. Welding must be carried out without preheating and subsequent heat
treatment is normally not necessary. Suitable methods of fusion welding are manual metal-arc welding
(MMA/SMAW) and gas-shielded arc welding, with the TIG/GTAW method as first choice.

For SAF 2205™, heat input of 0.5-2.5 kJ/mm and interpass temperature of <150°C (300°F) are recommended.

Recommended filler metals

TIG/GTAW or MIG/GMAW welding

ISO 14343 S 22 9 3 N L / AWS A5.9 ER2209 (e.g. Exaton 22.8.3.L)

MMA/SMAW welding

ISO 3581 E 22 9 3 N L R / AWS A5.4 E2209-17 (e.g. Exaton 22.9.3.LR)

ISO 3581 E 22 9 3 N L B / AWS A5.4 E2209-15 (e.g. Exaton 22.9.3.LB)

14 SAF 2205™
ISO 14343 S 22 9 3 N L / AWS A5.9 ER2209 (e.g. Exaton 22.8.3.L) wire or strip electrodes are recommended for
overlay welding of tube sheets and high-pressure vessels in cases where corrosion resistance, equal to that of
SAF 2205™, is required.

Disclaimer: Recommendations are for guidance only, and the suitability of a material for a specific application can be confirmed
only when we know the actual service conditions. Continuous development may necessitate changes in technical data without
notice. This datasheet is only valid for Sandvik materials.

Datasheet updated 9/23/2021 8:17:16 AM (supersedes all previous editions)

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