Electromagnetic Method: by Andri Yadi Paembonan
Electromagnetic Method: by Andri Yadi Paembonan
Electromagnetic Method: by Andri Yadi Paembonan
METHOD
By
Andri Yadi Paembonan
Screenshot
GPR
Safe to use
Geology, mining
Archeology
Military/Espionage
Electrical Conductivity
• The ability of a material to conduct
an electric current
• Higher conductivities make GPR
signal penetration difficult
• Use published sources or take
readings from field
Dielectric Constant
vUnit-less measure of a material’s ability to hold
and pass a charge
vValues range from 1 (air) to 81 (water)
vLower the number, higher the velocity
vReferenced published values
ØAsphalt Concrete values range from 3 to 5
ØPCC values range from 6 to 11
ØCement Treated Base = 2 to 5
Z1
Z2
) %
Velocity, 𝑣 = Z = 𝜀𝜇
5 /7
c = 3 x 108 m/s non-conducting/
non-magnetic medium (μ = 1)
!"#$"%&"' ()*$+&,'" /! 0 /"
𝑅= -.%+'".& ()*$+&,'"
= /! 1 /"
Attenuation
https://gpg.geosci.xyz/
12/8/21 Geoelectrical and EM Method 10
GPR - Principles
RDP of a substance =
electrical permitivity /
vacuum
RDP (Relative Dielectric Permittivity)
!
𝜀=
"
𝜀 = RDP
C = Speed of light
V = Velocity of
radar energy
GPR Depth Determination
Dielectric constants for common materials
Answer:
D = (5.9 x 46) / 4
D = 135.7 inc
Therefore, the object is about 11 ft underground
Basic Mechanism
Greater surface
difference =
Stronger signal
Amplitude
wavelength and
time are used to
create image of
what is underground
Noise
Returning
Radiowaves Signals from
from Other Above-
Sources Ground
Objects
19
Equipment
Consists of:
• 1. control unit
• 2. display unit
• 3. transmitting and receiving unit
Survey
What is the Tx-Rx separation distance?
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Data
Febriansanu, 2021
When is the earliest useful signal you measure? When is the latest?
Why can’t you see anything after the latest signal? Attenuation? Strong reflector?
Can you infer a layer velocity and turn the travel time axis into an apparent distance
axis?
Is there a reverse in polarity of the wavelet signal? What does that tell you
about ε1 and ε2 for an interface?
https://gpg.geosci.xyz/
22
Processing & Interpretation
MULAI
STATIC CORRECTION
DEWOWING
BACKGROUND REMOVAL
TRACE STACKING
MIGRASI
SELESAI
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Locating Buried Storage Tanks
https://gpg.geosci.xyz/
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