V 1d45ad87

Krok \ Dentistry \ Krok 1 \ Booklets \ 2016 year

1 Under the influence of physical factors there can develop defects in a DNA molecule.
Ultraviolet irradiation, for instance, can cause development of dimers.Dimers are two
adjacent pyrimidine bases joined together. Name these bases:

A Thymine and cytosine

B Adenine and guanine
C Guanine and thymine
D Adenine and thymine
E Guanine and cytosine

2 A patient during examination presents with prolongation of the II heart sound. The II
heart sound occurs due to:

A Closure of semilunar valve

B Closure of tricuspid valve
C Opening of mitral valve
D Opening of semilunar valve
E Opening of tricuspid valve

3 A dentist has detected symptoms of parodontosis in a patient. What antiprotozoal drug

should be prescribed?

A Metronidazole
B Levamisole
C Griseofulvin
D Mykoseptin
E Furazolidone

4 A connective tissue preparation stained with hematoxylin-eosin shows isogenous cell

groups surrounded with basophilic intercellular substance. No fibrous structure can be
detected. What type of connective tissue is it?

A Hyaline cartilage tissue

B Dense fibrous tissue
C Splenial bone tissue
D Loose fibrous tissue
E Elastic cartilage tissue

5 The total number of leukocytes in the patient’s blood is 90 × 109/l. Leukogram:
eosinophils - 0%, basophils - 0%, juvenile - 0%, stab neutrophils - 2%, segmented
neutrophils - 20%, lymphoblasts - 1%, prolymphocytes 2%, lymphocytes - 70%, monocytes
5%, Botkin-Gumprecht cells. Clinical examination revealed enlarged cervical and
submandibular lymph nodes. Such clinical presentations are typical of the following
pathology:
 V 1d45ad87

A Chronic lympholeukosis
B Lymphogranulomatosis
C Chronic myeloleukosis
D Infectious mononucleosis
E Acute lympholeukosis

6 The contents of vesicles that appeared on the mucous membrane of a patient with variola
has been sent to a virological laboratory. Which of the listed changes were revealed during
the smear microscopy?

A Paschen bodies
B Syncytium
C Guarnieri bodies
D Babes-Negri bodies
E Babes-Ernst bodies

7 Macroscopic examination of lung tissue revealed areas of high airiness with small
bubbles. Histological examination revealed thinning and rupture of alveolar septa
accompanied by formation of large diversiform cavities. What disease was revealed in the
lung?

A Pulmonary emphysema
B Fibrosing alveolitis
C Cavernous tuberculosis
D Multiple bronchiectasis
E Chronic bronchitis

8 A patient has a slowly healing fracture. What medicine can be used to accelerate
formation of connective tissue matrix?

A Methyluracil
B Prednisolone
C Cyclophosphan
D Methotrexate
E Cyclosporine

9 Roentgenologically confirmed an obstruction of common bile duct that prevents bile from
inflowing to the duodenum. What process is likely to be disturbed?

A Fat emulgation
B Carbohydrate hydrolysis
C Salivation inhibition
D Hydrochloric acid secretion in stomach
E Protein absorption
 V 1d45ad87

10 A patient suffers from mutation of a gene that corresponds with hemoglobin synthesis.
This condition led to development of sicklecell disease. Name the pathological hemoglobin
characteristic of this disease:

A HbS
B Bart-Hb
C HbF
D HbA
E HbA1

11 During autopsy of the body of a patient, who had died due to heart failure, the following
has been detected: myogenic dilatation of the heart left ventricle, microfocal cardiosclerosis,
vasculitis, Aschoff bodies with disorganization of connective tissue, myocardosis. Make the
diagnosis:

A Rheumatic productive myocarditis

B Rheumatic exudative myocarditis
C Systemic lupus erythematosus
D Myocardial ischemic dystrophy
E Cardiac infarction

12 A 30-year-old man died from electrocution. What was the cause of death?

A Central respiratory arrest

B Internal hemorrhage
C Acute respiratory failure
D Acute renal failure
E Shock

13 A patient with symptoms of acute heart failure, namely pallor, acrocyanosis and rapid
shallow breathing, has been delivered to an emergency department. Which of these drugs is
indicated in this case?

A Corglycon
B Cordiamine
C Adrenalin hydrochloride
D Nitroglycerine
E Digitoxin

14 Histological preparation of skin demonstrates dense unformed connective tissue. What

layer of this organ is formed by such tissue?

A Reticular dermis
B Papillary dermis
C Basal membrane
D Hypodermis
 V 1d45ad87

E Epidermis

15 A patient had been provisionally diagnosed with syphilis. A laboratory assistant took the
blood serum for an immunologic test based on the detection of antibodies preventing the
movement of treponemes and causing their death. What reaction was used to make the
diagnosis?

A Immobilization
B Precipitation
C Neutralization
D Complement binding
E Agglutination

16 An oculist detected increased time of darkness adaptation of a patient’s eye. What

vitamin deficiency can cause such symptom?

AА
BК
CD
DЕ
EС

17 Ketoacidosis that develops due to accumulation of ketone bodies in blood serum is a

primary complication of diabetes mellitus. What acid-base disbalance develops during this
condition?

A Metabolic acidosis
B Metabolic alkalosis
C Respiratory alkalosis
D-
E Respiratory acidosis

18 In the area that is the epicenter of the registered rabies cases among wild animals a 43-
year-old man arrived at a clinic and claimed to have been bitten by a stray dog. He was
given a course of anti-rabies vaccine. This preparation belongs to the following type of
vaccines:

A Attenuated
B Molecular
C Inactivated
D Toxoids
E Synthetic

19 It is necessary to perform urinary bladder catheterization of an adult man. Resistance to

the catheter can occur in the following structure or part of urethra:

A Membranous part
 V 1d45ad87

B Spongiose part
C Internal urethral orifice
D External urethral orifice
E Prostatic part

20 Patients suffering from xeroderma pigmentosum have extremely photosensitive skin

due to disrupted excision repair. Specify the process that is affected in such patients:

A Repair of DNA molecule

B Synthesis of protein primary structure
C Intron extraction and exon connection
D Synthesis of iRNA
E Maturation of iRNA

21 Genetic information is stored in DNA but does not participate directly in protein
synthesis within DNA cells. What process ensures transfer of genetic information into
polypeptide chain?

A Translation
B Formation of iRNA
C Replication
D Formation of rRNA
E Formation of tRNA

22 In a maternity hospital a newborn should receive vaccination against tuberculosis. What

vaccine should be chosen?

A BCG vaccine
B EV vaccine
C Tuberculin
D DPT vaccine
E STI vaccine

23 A patient suffering from parkinsonism has been prescribed levodopa, which resulted in
rapid improvement of the patient’s condition. What mechanism of action is characteristic of
this drug?

A Stimulation of dopamine synthesis

B Stimulation of dopamine receptors
C Block of muscarinic receptors
D Anticholinesterase action
E Stimulation of muscarinic receptors

24 A 67-year-old patient has ordered a full functional denture. It was necessary to extract
the left upper canine. After infraorbital anesthesia the patient presented with a progressing
 V 1d45ad87

hematoma in the frontal part of the face. The patient was found to have an injury of an
artery that is the branch of:

A A. maxillaris
B A. ophthalmica
C A. labialis superior
D A. facialis
E A. temporalis superficialis

25 In order to prevent wound infection associated with surgical procedures a patient was
given a synthetic antiprotozoan drug with a high activity against Helicobacter pylori. Specify
this drug:

A Metronidazole
B Doxycycline hydrochloride
C Chingamin
D Acyclovir
E Isoniazid

26 A doctor has determined disruption of pain and temperature sensitivity of the mucosa of
the anterior 2/3 of the patient’s tongue. Gustatory sensitivity is retained. The patient suffers
from the functional disorder of the following cranial nerve:

A Trigeminal nerve
B Facial nerve
C Hypoglossal nerve
D Vagus nerve
E Glossopharyngeal nerve

27 A 17-year-old girl has attempted to commit suicide by overdosing on phenobarbital.

Upon arrival at the site an emergency doctor urgently performed gastric lavage on the
patient and introduced bemegride and solution of sodium hydrocarbonate intravenously.
The doctor introduced sodium hydrocarbonate to:

A Increase renal excretion of phenobarbital

B Normalise blood pressure
C Stimulate respiration
D Inactivate phenobarbital
E Wake up the patient

28 A 19-year-old young man has been examined in a nephrological hospital. Increased

potassium content was detected in secondary urine of the patient. Such changes have been
most likely caused by the increased secretion of the following hormone:

A Aldosterone
B Adrenalin
 V 1d45ad87

C Testosterone
D Glucagon
E Oxytocin

29 After the exposure to ionizing radiation a person was found to have a decreased blood
granulocyte level. What mechanism underlies these changes?

A Leikopoiesis inhibition
B Disrupted release of mature leukocytes from the bone marrow
C Autoimmune process development
D Increased passage of granulocytes into the tissues
E Increased disintegration of leucocytes

30 During examination of a child’s oral cavity a dentist noted the appearance of the first
permanent molars on the child’s lower jaw. How old is the child?

A 6-7
B 8-9
C 12-13
D 10-11
E 4-5

31 Study of the histological specimen of a baby’s primary tooth revealed hypoplasia

(underdevelopment ) of enamel. This abnormality is caused by the disruptions in the
activity of the following cells:

A Inner enamel epithelium

B Pulp cells of the enamel organ
C Outer enamel epithelium
D Cells of the stratum intermedium of the enamel organ
E Odontoblasts

32 Autopsy of a man who died from ethylene glycol poisoning revealed that his kidneys are
a little bit enlarged, edematic; their capsule can be easily removed. Cortical substance is
broad and light-grey. Medullary substance is dark-red. What pathology had this man?

A Necrotic nephrosis
B Acute pyelonephritis
C Acute glomerulonephritis
D Acute tubular-interstitial nephritis
E Lipoid nephrosis

33 It is required to anaesthetize right lower molars. The proper injection site for the
conduction anaesthesia is:

A The region of the right mandibular foramen

B The region of the right mental foramen
 V 1d45ad87

C The region of the oval foramen

D The region of suborbital foramen
E The gums to the right of mandible

34 A doctor noted in the patient’s case history, that the wound entry hole is situated in the
submandibular triangle. What anatomical landmark binds this area?

A Lower jaw edge

B Neck midline
C M.trapezius
D M.omohyoideus
E M.sternocleidomastoideus

35 A woman suffering from essential hypertension had suddenly lost consciousness; she
was delivered to a resuscitation unit in a comatose state with the diagnosis of disturbed
cerebral circulation. The patient died one day after her hospitalization. Autopsy revealed a
cavity in the left hemisphere of the brain. The cavity is 5x4 cm in size and filled with blood
clots and liquid blood. What hemorrhage is it according to the mechanism of its origin?

A Hemorrhage caused by vessel rupture

B Diapedetic hemorrhage
C Petechial hemorrhage
D Hemorrhagic extravasation
E Hemorrhage caused by vessel erosion

36 A patient has a history of chronic heart failure. Which of the following hemodynamic
parameters is a major symptom of cardiac decompensation development?

A Decreased stroke volume

B Tachycardia development
C Tonogenic dilatation
D Increased peripheral vascular resistance
E Increased central venous pressure

37 After a hemorrhage into the brainstem a patient has lost reflex of myosis as a reaction to
increase of illumination. What structure was damaged?

A Vegetative nuclei of oculomotor nerve

B Lateral reticular nuclei
C Medial reticular nuclei
D Red nuclei
E Black substance

38 .When processing amolar tooth with a dental cutter a dentist has accidentally deeply
wounded the patient’s cheek and damaged not only the mucosa but also a muscle. Which
muscle was injured?
 V 1d45ad87

A Buccal muscle
B Mylohyoid muscle
C Masticatory muscle
D Greater zygomatic muscle
E Orbicular muscle of the mouth

39 A patient with chronic hepatitis complains of increased sensitivity to barbiturates that

previously induced no symptoms of intoxication. What hepatic function is disrupted and
primarily responsible for such reaction in this patient?

A Metabolic
B Hemodynamic
C Phagocytic
D Hemopoietic
E Bilification

40 A patient has vesicles on the mucous membrane of the oral cavity, lips and nose. A
dentist suspected vesicular stomatitis. What analysis will allow to confirm the diagnosis?

A Recovery of virus from the vesicular fluid

B Recovery of bacteria from the vesicular fluid
C Allergy test
D Contamination of animals with the vesicular fluid
E Microscopy of the vesicular fluid

41 A 50-year-old man addressed a hospital with complaints of memory disorders, painful

sensations along the nerve trunks, decreased mental ability, circulatory disorders and
dyspepsia. Anamnesis states excessive alcohol consumption. What vitamin deficiency can
result in such signs?

A Thiamine
B Retinol
C Riboflavin
D Calciferol
E Niacin

42 A concerned mother addressed a pediatrician with complaints of her child suffering

from frequent stomachaches, loss of appetite, nausea, constipation. Feces analysis detected
rounded eggs with double capsules and oncospheres localized in their centers. The child
was diagnosed with hymenolepiasis. Specify the type of infection transmission, considering
that the invasion intensity was extremely high:

A Autoinvasion
B Alimentary
C Contamination
D Immediate contagion
 V 1d45ad87

E Sexual

43 A person with dental disease cannot always pinpoint the location of the affected tooth.
What principle of excitatory diffusion in nerve centers causes such phenomenon?

A Irradiation
B Occlusion
C Divergence
D Dominant
E Reverberation

44 What factor results in maximal dilation of the gemomicrocirculatory pahtway vessels

and their increased permeability?

A Histamine
B Vasopressin
C Serotonin
D Noradrenaline
E Endothelin

45 During auscultation a 26-year-old patient was asked to breathe deep. After 10 breaths
the patient lost consciousness, which is associated with the development of the following
condition:

A Respiratory alkalosis
B Carbon dioxide acidosis
C Erythropenia
D Polycythemia
E Reduced oxygen capacity of blood

46 For pain relief a patient has taken simultaneously a tablet of paracetamol and a tablet of
diclofenac sodium. What type of drug interaction did the patient use for self-treatment?

A Additive synergism
B Competitive antagonism
C Non-competitive antagonism
D Potentiated synergism
E Synergic antagonism

47 A 40-year-old woman suffering from diffuse toxic goiter presents with constant increase
of her body temperature. What mechanism results in such clinical presentation?

A Separation of oxidation and phosphorization in cell mitochondria

B Increased breakdown of glycogen in hepatic cells
C Increased excitability of nerve cells
D Increased cell sensitivity to catecholamines
E Increased catabolism of protein in cells
 V 1d45ad87

48 Significant amount of biogenic amines in body tissues can be subject to oxidative

deaminization due to the action of the following enzyme:

A Monoamine oxidase
B Transaminase
C Isomerase
D L-amino acid dehydrogenase
E D-amino acid oxidase

49 Injection of an anaesthetic before the tooth extraction resulted in development of

anaphylactic shock accompanied by oliguria. What pathogenetic mechanism caused the
decrease in diuresis in this case?

A Decrease in hydrostatic pressure in the renal corpuscle capillaries

B Damage of the glomerular filter
C Increase in vasopressin secretion
D Increase in oncotic pressure of blood plasma
E Increase in hydrostatic pressure in the Bowman’s capsule

50 For several days a 55-year-old woman has been suffering from pain attacks in the right
upper quadrant after eating fatty foods. Visually, there is yellowness of sclera and skin. The
patient has acholic stool, beer-colored urine. What substance present in the patient’s urine
causes its dark color?

A Conjugated bilirubin
B Unconjugated bilrubin
C Bilirubin glucuronides
D Stercobilin
E Ketone bodies

51 A patient has been diagnosed with severe B12-deficient anemia with hemopoiesis.
Anamnesis states total gastrectomy.What cells allow to confirm this diagnosis, if they are
absent in the peripheral blood?

A Megalocytes
B Microcytes
C Normocytes
D Anulocytes
E Ovalocytes

52 Routine investigation of microbiological sanitary condition of air in a hospital is

performed once in 3 months. What microorganism is the sanitary indicator of air condition
in an enclosed space?

A S.aureus
B C.perfringens
 V 1d45ad87

C E.faecalis
D E.coli
E P.aeruginosa

53 Pupil dilation occurs when a person steps from a light room into a dark one. What reflex
causes such reaction?

A Sympathetic unconditioned reflex

B Metasympathetic reflex
C Sympathetic conditioned reflex
D Parasympathetic unconditioned reflex
E Parasympathetic conditioned reflex

54 There are various diseases that cause sharp increase of active oxygen, thus leading to
cell membranes destruction. Antioxidants are used to prevent it from happening. The most
potent natural antioxidant is:

A ?-tocopherol
B Glucose
C Fatty acids
D Glycerol
E Vitamin D

55 A 53-year-old patient with a long history of nephrolithiasis underwent nephrectomy.

The kidney resembles a thin-walled sac filled with urine. Renal parenchyma is atrophied.
Specify this complication of nephrolithiasis:

A Hydronephrosis
B Nephrosclerosis
C Pyonephrosis
D Pyelonephritis
E Multicystic kidney disease

56 A 56-year-old woman is registrated with a psychoneurologic dispensary due to her

suffering from epilepsy, specifically, minor attacks (pti mal).What drug is the most efficient
in this case?

A Sodium valproate
B Trihexyphenidyl
C Phenytoin
D Levodopa
E Phenobarbital

57 In Western Europe nearly half of all congenital malformations occur in the children
conceived in the period when pesticides were used extensively in the region. Those
congenital conditions result from the following influence:
 V 1d45ad87

A Teratogenic
B Carcinogenic
C Malignization
D Mutagenic
E Mechanical

58 A 45-year-old woman has addressed a doctor with complaints of rapid mood swings,
tearfulness, apathy. Antidepressants prescribed for her treatment are monoamine oxidase
inhibitors. These drugs have a certain effect on catecholamines, which results in their
medicinal action. Name this effect:

A Increased concentration
B Increased deaminization
C Neutralization activation
D Inhibition of back transfer
E Decreased concentration

59 On the longitudinal section of a tooth there are tubules visible in the dentin. What is
inside these tubules?

A Processes of odontoblasts
B Processes of ameloblasts
C Fibroblasts
D Elastic fibers
E Odontoblast bodies

60 Microscopy of an extracted tooth has revealed a focus of enamel destruction at the

dentinoenamel junction. Within this focus accumulation of microorganisms occurs; calcium
salts disappear from enamel columns; intercolumn substance and enamel columns are
partially destroyed. What diagnosis is the most likely?

A Superficial caries
B Median caries
C Fluorosis
D Cemental caries
E Deep caries

61 Having completed work in a laboratory, a student must tidy up the workspace, perform
disinfection of the workbench and tools. What chemicals should be used for disinfection?

A Chloramine
B Ether
C Formalin
D Hydrochloric acid
E Chloroform
 V 1d45ad87

62 A patient has a skull fracture located in front of the foramen magnum. What bone is
damaged?

A Рars basilaris ossis occipitalis

B Рars squamosa ossis temporalis
C Рars petrosa ossis temporalis
D Рars lateralis ossis occipitalis
E Рars squamosa ossis occipitalis

63 During bacteriological examination of the purulent discharge obtained from a

postoperative wound an inoculation on meat infusion agar has been performed. The
inoculation has resulted in large colorless mucous colonies that in 24 hours with exposure
to sunlight developed green-blue pigmentation and smell of honey or jasmine.
Bacterioscopy revealed gram-negative lophotrichea. What bacterial culture is contained in
purulent discharge?

A Pseudomonas aeruginosa
B Brucella abortus
C Klebsiella osaenae
D Proteus vulgaris
E Streptomyces griseus

64 A 38-year-old woman complains of bleeding gums, halitosis, exposure of tooth necks.

Objectively: the patient has gingivitis, plaque and tartar. Inflammation involves the alveolar
part of gingiva with dental pockets. The bone tissue exhibits signs of bone resorption. What
pathology does the patient have?

A Parodontitis
B Periodontitis
C Periostitis
D Gingivitis
E-

65 After a serious psychoemotional stress a 48-year-old patient suddenly developed acute

heart ache irradiating to the left arm. Nitroglycerine relieved the pain attack after 10
minutes. What is the leading pathogenetic mechanism of this process development?

A Spasm of coronary arteries

B Compression of coronary vessels
C Increase in myocardial oxygen consumption
D Dilatation of peripheral vessels
E Obstruction of coronary vessels

66 A patient has been administered conduction anesthesia with novocaine in preparation

for tooth extraction. After the anesthesia administration the patient developed swelling and
 V 1d45ad87

hyperemy around the injection site, skin itch, general fatigue, motor agitation. Name the
developed complication:

A Allergy
B Tachyphylaxis
C Idiosyncrasy
D Drug dependence
E Inflammation

67 A blood test was performed for a patient with allergic rhinitis. Blood smear stained after
Romanowsky reveals large number of cells with the following structure: segmented nucleus
consists of 2-3 segments; cytoplasm is filled with bright-pink oxyphil granularity; granules
are large. Name these cells:

A Eosinophils
B Basocytes
C Neutrophils
D Lymphocytes
E Monocytes

68 A woman presents with ovarian hyperaemia, increased permeability of the blood-follicle

barrier with development of edema, infiltration of the follicle wall with segmental
leukocytes. The follicle is large in volume. Its wall is thickened. The described situation is
typical for the following period of the sex cycle:

A Preovulatory stage
B Ovulation
C Postmenstrual period
D Period of relative rest
E Menstrual period

69 Glucose content of blood keeps at sufficient level after one week of starvation. Is it
caused by activation of the following process:

A Gluconeogenesis
B Glycogen phosphorolysis
C Glycogenolysis
D Glycolysis
E Tricarboxylic acid cycle

70 A 36-year-old patient consulted an ophthalmologist about eye ache. The examination

revealed the erosion of the cornea, specifically, the lack of superficial and spinous layers of
the epithelium. What cells will provide regeneration of the damaged epithelium?

A Cells of the stratum basale

B Cells of the stratum lucidum
 V 1d45ad87

C Cell of the stratum superficiale

D Cells of the stratum corneum
E Cells of the the stratum granulosum

71 A pregnant women developed severe toxemia with exhausting recurrent vomiting

throughout a day. By the end of the day she developed tetanic convulsions and bodily
dehydration. The described changes were caused by the following type of acid-base
disbalance:

A Nongaseous excretory alkalosis

B Gaseous alkalosis
C Gaseous acidosis
D Nongaseous metabolic acidosis
E Nongaseous excretory acidosis

72 A man submerged into the icecold water and died soon as a result of abrupt exposure to
cold. In such cases an organism loses heat most intensively by the way of:

A Heat conduction
B Convection
C No correct answer
D Heat conduction and radiation
E Radiation

73 A woman has scalded her hand with boiling water. The affected area of her skin became
red, swollen and painful. This effect is caused by accumulation of the following substance:

A Histamine
B Asparagine
C Thiamine
D Lysine
E Glutamine

74 A histological preparation shows organ, where lymphocytes form three types of

lymphoid structures: lymph nodules, medullary cords and lymphatic sinuses.What organ is
it?

A Lymph node
B Thymus
C Red bone marrow
D Tonsil
E Spleen

75 A 36-year-old patient underwent tooth extraction at a dental clinic. After two weeks the
stratified squamous epithelium regenerated at the site of extraction. What organelles were
involved in the restoration of the mucous membrane?
 V 1d45ad87

A Ribosomes
B Postlysosomes
C Centrosomes
D Smooth EPR
E Mitochondria

76 A 43-year-old woman complains of weight loss, hyperhidrosis, low-grade fever,

increased irritability. She has been found to have hyperfunction of the sympathetic-adrenal
system and basal metabolism. These disorders can be caused by hypersecretion of the
following hormone:

A Thyroxine
B Corticotropin
C Somatotropin
D Insulin
E Aldosterone

77 A 28-year-old patient complains of frequent gingival hemorrhages. Blood test revealed

the clotting factor II (prothrombin) deficiency.What phase of blood coagulation is impaired
in this patient?

A Thrombin generation
B Fibrinolysis
C Clot retraction
D Vascular-platelet haemostasis
E-

78 During microscopy of a renal biopsy material there are tubules revealed in the cortical
substance. The tubules are approximately 60 micrometers in diameter; their wall consists of
tall cuboidal epithelium with pronounced apical frame and basal folds. Name these
structures:

A Proximal tubules
B Collection duct
C Henle’s loop
D Distal tubules
E Capsule of renal corpuscle

79 Phenylketonuria is a disease caused by a recessive gene that is localized in an autosome.

Parents are heterozygous for this gene. They already have two sons with phenylketonuria
and one healthy daughter. What is the probability that their fourth child will have the
disease too?

A 25%
B 100%
C 50%
 V 1d45ad87

D 0%
E 75%

80 A 49-year-old man with myocardial infarction has been admitted to a cardiology

department. What changes in the peripheral blood cells are induced by the necrotic changes
in the myocardium?

A Neutrophilic leukocytosis
B Monocytosis
C Thrombocytopenia
D Lymphopenia
E Eosinophilia

81 After the traumatic tooth extraction a patient is complaining of severe dull poorly-
localized pain in gingiva, body temperature rise up to 37, 5oC. The patient has been
diagnosed with alveolitis. Specify the kind of pain in this patient:

A Protopathic
B Epicritic
C Heterotopic
D Phantom
E Visceral

82 Autopsy of a man who had tuberculosis revealed a 3x2 cm large cavity in the superior
lobe of the right lung. The cavity was interconnected with a bronchus, its wall was dense
and consisted of three layers: the internal layer was pyogenic, the middle layer was
composed of tuberculous granulation tissue and the external one was consisted of
connective tissue. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A Fibrous cavernous tuberculosis

B Tuberculoma
C Acute cavernous tuberculosis
D Acute focal tuberculosis
E Fibrous focal tuberculosis

83 Proliferation of connective tissue in the parenchyma of liver (fibrosis) caused by chronic

diseases is typically accompanied by an impairment of blood circulation in the classic
lobules. What is the direction of blood flow in these lobules?

A From the periphery to the center

B From the center to the periphery
C Around the lobule
D From the top to the base
E From the base to the top
 V 1d45ad87

84 Cytochemical investigation has revealed high content of hydrolytic enzymes in

cytoplasm. This phenomenon indicates high activity of the following organelles:

A Lysosomes
B Polysomes
C Mitochondria
D Cytocentrum
E Endoplasmic reticulum

85 Apatient has petechial hemorrhages on the gums, hard and soft palate, buccal mucosa.
This is caused by the dysfunction of the following blood corpuscles:

A Platelets
B Erythrocytes
C Monocytes
D Eosinophils
E Lymphocytes

86 Carious cavities of a 29-year-old patient contain parasitic protozoa. It is determined that

they relate to the Sarcodina class. Specify these singlecelled organisms:

A Entamoeba gingivalis
B Entamoeba coli
C Amoeba proteus
D Lamblia intestinalis
E Entamoeba histolutica

87 A man has developed downturning mouth and smoothed out nasolabial fold due to
influenza complication. What nerve is damaged?

A Facial nerve
B Maxillary nerve
C Trochlear nerve
D Oculomotor nerve
E Mandibular nerve

88 A 30-year-old patient after a case of viral hepatitis type B has developed complaints of
continuous nasal hemorrhages. What drug would be the most advisable for treatment of
this condition?

A Menadione (Vicasolum)
B Dipiridamol
C Asparcam
D Nadroparin calcium (Fraxiparine)
E Folic acid
 V 1d45ad87

89 A victim has a deep incised wound in the area of external surface of the gonial angle.
What muscle is damaged in this case?

A M. masseter
B M. buccinator
C M. depressor anguli oris
D M. orbicularis oris
E M. zygomaticus

90 A patient is being prepared for a surgery - partial mandibular resection. What drug
should be administered to decrease salivation?

A Atropine sulfate
B Tubocurarin chloride
C Lobeline
D Carbacholine
E Armine

91 A 42-year-old woman has been administered propranolol for the ischemic heart disease.
Yet she has been found to have a concomitant condition that renders propranolol to be
contraindicated. What disease is it?

A Bronchial asthma
B Arterial hypertension
C Cholecystitis
D Duodenal ulcer
E Myasthenia

92 When examining a patient presumptively diagnosed with food toxicoinfection, a doctor

on duty has detected symptoms characteristic of botulism. The patient named the meals he
ate the day before. What is the most probable cause of infection?

A Homemade canned meat

B Sour cream from a local dairy factory
C Custard pastry from a private bakery
D Strawberries from a suburban vegetable garden
E Fried eggs

93 A 40-year-old patient suffers from intolerance of dairy food products. This condition has
likely developed due to insufficiency of the following digestive enzyme:

A Lactase
B Maltase
C Amylase
D Invertase
E Lipase
 V 1d45ad87

94 In the armpits of a patient there are small (1-1,5 mm), dorsoventrally flattened,
wingless, blood-sucking insects. Their larvae developed in the armpits too. What disease is
caused by these insects?

A Phthiriasis
B Relapsing fever
C Chagas’ disease
D Sleeping sickness
E Plague

95 A child is 6 years old. The permanent teeth have started to take the place of the primary
teeth. What teeth are the first to emerge?

A Lower first molars

B Lower first premolars
C Upper first premolars
D Upper medial incisors
E Lower canines

96 Microscopy of an autopsy material sampled from lungs has revealed that alveolar lumen
is filled with exudate consisting mostly of erythrocytes. What type of pneumonia is the most
likely to be the cause?

A Influenza virus pneumonia

B Measles pneumonia
C Typhoid pneumonia
D Staphylococcal pneumonia
E Pneumococcal pneumonia

97 Which of the named below is the substrate of activated Christmas factor that takes part
in blood coagulation?

A Factor X
B Thrombin
C Fibrinogen
D Vitamin K
E Fibrin

98 Indigenous population of Pamir has the following characteristic features: high rate of
base metabolism, elongated tubular bones, wide rib cage, high blood oxygen capacity due to
increased number of erythrocytes, high hemoglobin content. What type of ecological
adaptation is it?

A Mountain
B Arctic
C Temperate
 V 1d45ad87

D Tropical
E Subtropical

99 A 46-year-old patient consulted an oculist about drooping of the upper eyelid. On

examination he was diagnosed with a brain tumor. The pathological process must have
affected the nuclei of the following pair of cranial nerves:

A III
B II
C IV
D VI
E VII

100 A 32-year-old patient has B2 hypovitaminosis. The specific symptoms such as

epithelial, mucosal, skin and corneal lesions are the most likely to be caused by the
deficiency of:

A Flavin coenzymes
B Cytochrome oxidase
C Cytochrome a1
D Cytochrome b
E Cytochrome c

101 A 25-year-old man presents with tumourous growth situated in the area of the body of
the maxilla, which results in face deformation. Biopsy material consists of fibrous tissue
containing juvenile bone trabeculae, spindle and stellate cells. There is no clear margin
between the normal bone tissue and lesion focus, capsule is absent. No pathologic changes
can be detected in the other organs. Make the diagnosis:

A Simple fibrous dysplasia

B Odontogenic fibroma
C Ossifying fibroma
D Osteosarcoma
E Osteoclastoma

102 A patient with limb fracture should be prescribed a depolarizing muscle relaxant for
brief surgical invasion. Name this drug:

A Dithylinum
B Azamethonium bromide (Pentaminum)
C Cytisinum (Cytitonum)
D Tubocurarin chloride
E Atropine sulfate

103 A victim of an earthquake has been remaining under debris for 7 days without food or
water. What type of starvation is it?
 V 1d45ad87

A Complete
B Quantitative
C Complete with continued hydration
D Qualitative
E Incomplete

104 A patient with a long history of chronic periodontitis underwent removal of a maxillary
cyst located at the root of the affected tooth. Microscopy shows that the bone wall is made
up of fibrous tissue infiltrated by lymphocytes and plasma cells. The inner surface of the
cyst is covered with stratified squamous epithelium with no signs of keratinization. What is
the most likely diagnosis?

A Radicular cyst
B Follicular cyst
C Primordial cyst
D Eosinophilic granuloma
E Gingival fibromatosis

105 Microscopy of an extracted tooth has revealed the following: odontoblasts and
pulpocytes are decreased in size and number; thickened connective fibers of the pulp are
stretched between the cells that remain. What general pathological process is likely to be
occurring in the tooth pulp?

A Atrophy
B Local hyalinosis
C Local hemosiderosis
D Adipose degeneration
E Amyloidosis

106 In the course of evolution there developed molecular mechanisms for correction of
damaged DNA molecules. This process is called:

A Reparation
B Replication
C Processing
D Transcription
E Translation

107 Due to a cranial trauma leading to damage of the eye socket superior wall a patient has
lost the ability to lift the upper eyelid and look upwards. What nerve is most likely
damaged?

A R. superior n.oculumotorii
B N. trochlearis
C N. ophthalmicus
D N. abducens
 V 1d45ad87

E R. inferior n.oculumotorii

108 A child with signs of rickets has been prescribed a certain liposoluble vitamin drug by
pediatrician and dentist. This drug affects the metabolism of phosphorus and calcium in the
body and facilitates calcium accumulation in bone tissue and dentine. If its content in the
body is insufficient, there develop disruptions of ossification process, dental structure and
occlusion. Name this drug:

A Ergocalciferol
B Tocopherol acetate
C Thyroidin
D Menadione (Vicasolum)
E Retinol acetate

109 In the preparation of a 10-day-old human embryo there are 2 contacting sacs visible
(amniotic and vitelline). Name the structure situated at the place of the contact:

A Embryonic shield
B Fornix of the vitelline sac
C Extraembryonic mesoderm
D Amniotic pedicle
E Fundus of the amniotic sac

110 Parkinson’s disease is caused by disrupted dopamine synthesis.What brain structure

synthesizes this neurotransmitter?

A Substantia nigra
B Quadrigeminal plate
C Hypothalamus
D Red nuclei
E Pallidum

111 A schizophrenic patient has been prescribed aminazine. What pharmacodynamic

action of this drug justifies its prescription in this case?

A Antipsychotic
B Muscle relaxant
C Hypotensive
D Antiemetic
E Hypothermic

112 A woman with a tumour of the pancreas has developed mechanic jaundice due to
compression of a bile-excreting duct. Which duct is compressed?

A Ductus choledochus
B Ductus cysticus
C Ductus hepaticus dexter
 V 1d45ad87

D Ductus hepaticus sinister

E Ductus hepaticus communis

113 A patient is diagnosed with acute morphine hydrochloride poisoning. Choose the
oxidant to be prescribed for gastric lavage:

A Potassium permanganate
B Chloramine
C Cerigel
D Chlorhexidine digluconate
E Sulfocamphocainum (Procaine + Sulfocamphoric acid)

114 Due to recurring vomiting a patient has lost significant amount of gastric juice, which
led to development of acidbase dysbalance.What type of acid-base dysbalance has
developed?

A Nongaseous alkalosis
B Metabolic acidosis
C Nongaseous acidosis
D Gaseous acidosis
E Gaseous alkalosis

115 During AB0 blood grouping by using zoliclons (diagnostic monoclonal antibodies),
hemagglutination did not occur with any of the zoliclons. What is the blood group of the
patient under examination?

A 0 (I)
B A (II)
C AB (IV)
D-
E B (III)

116 During formation of mantle dentin in a deciduous tooth there occurred a disruption of
odontoblast secretory activity. Such disruption will affect the formation of the following
fibers:

A Von Korff’s radial collagen fibers

B Ebner’s tangential collagen fibers
C Nerve fibers
D Reticular fibers
E Elastic fibers

117 A 65-year-old patient had been treated for 3 days in a resuscitation unit for a cardiac
pathology. Suddenly he developed ventricular fibrillation that became the immediate cause
of death of this patient. Microscopy of the left ventricular myocard revealed a large focus of
 V 1d45ad87

cardiomyocyte karyolysis demarcated by the zone of hyperaemia. What cardiac pathology

was the cause of death?

A Acute myocardial infarction

B Ischemic myocardial degeneration
C Diffuse cardiosclerosis
D Postinfarction cardiosclerosis
E Acute myocarditis

118 A patient complains of toothache. On examination he has been diagnosed with pulpitis.
Which factor played the main pathogenic role in the development of pain syndrome in this
case?

A Increased intratissular pressure in the dental pulp

B Activation of one of the components of the complement system
C Interleukin action
D Vasospasm
E Inadequate stimulation of the mandibular nerve branch

119 After the transfusion of the concentrated red blood cells the patient developed
posttransfusion shock. What is the leading mechanism of the acute renal failure in this case?

A Glomerular filtration disorder

B Urinary excretion disorder
C Impairment of the renal incretory function
D Tubular reabsorption disorder
E Tubular secretion disorder

120 During examination a patient presents with the following: hypertrophy and
inflammation of lymphoid tissue, mucosa swelling between the arches of the soft palate.
What tonsil is situated there?

A Tonsilla palatina
B Tonsilla lingualis
C-
D Tonsilla pharyngealis
E Tonsilla tubaria

121 To drain the oral cavity a dentist places a tampon between the cheek and the 2nd
upper molar. This way secretion of the following salivary gland WILL NOT be able to
accumulate in the oral cavity:

A Parotid gland
B Lingual gland
C Labial glands
D Submandibular gland
 V 1d45ad87

E Sublingual gland

122 A person performs flexionextention movements of the forearm with the elbow resting
on a table. What type of muscle contraction occurs in the m.biceps brachii?

A Isotonic
B Isometric
C Auxotonic
D Smooth muscle tetanus
E Serrated muscle tetanus

123 A 60-year-old patient has taken a drug to relieve angina pectoris attack; in several
minutes the pain felt in the breastbone area abated, but it was followed by feeling of vertigo,
headache, tinnitus, and hyperemia of face. What drug has the patient taken?

A Nnitroglycerine
B Validol
C Verapamil
D Amiodarone
E Nifedipine

124 Histological investigation of a 40-year-old man’s thymus revealed the following:

decreased part of parenchymatous elements, increased part of adipose and loose connective
tissues, high concentration of thymic bodies with total organ weight remaining the same.
Name this phenomenon:

A Age-related thymic involution

B Accidental thymic involution
C Thymic dystrophy
D Thymic atrophy
E Thymic hypotrophy

125 A patient, who had suffered severe blood loss three days ago, underwent blood test.
The following data was obtained in leukogram: leukocytes 12 × 109/l, basophils - 0,
eosinophils 3, myelocytes - 0, juvenile - 3, stab neutrophils - 12, segmented neutrophils - 62,
lymphocytes - 16, monocytes 4. What change of leukocyte content occurred in this case?

A Neutrophilia with regenerative leftshift

B Neutrophilia with degenerative leftshift
C Absolute lymphopenia
D Absolute monocytopenia
E Neutrophilia with right-shift

126 Students have been remaining for a long time in a badly ventilated room. They
developed respiratory changes caused by irritation of their peripheral chemoreceptors that
react primarily to:
 V 1d45ad87

A Decrease of oxygen tension in arterial blood

B Decrease of hydrogen ion concentration in arterial blood
C Decrease of carbon dioxide tension in arterial blood
D Increase of oxygen tension in arterial blood
E Increase of hydrogen ion concentration in arterial blood

127 A woman who had been consuming alcohol excessively during her pregnancy had a
child with cleft palate and upper lip. These presentations are indicative of some
chromosomal anomalies. What process do they result from?

A Teratogenesis
B Ontogenesis
C Mutagenesis
D Carcinogenesis
E Phylogenesis

128 Autopsy of a young man revealed lung cavities with inner walls made up of granulation
tissue of varying degree of maturity, pronounced pneumosclerosis and bronchiectasis.
Some cavities had caseation areas.What is your presumptive diagnosis?

A Fibrous cavernous tuberculosis

B Bronchiectasis
C Caseous pneumonia
D Infiltrative tuberculosis
E Acute cavernous tuberculosis

129 Examination of a 29-year-old patient revealed a dense, immobile, ill-defined tumor-like

formation in the lower jaw. The overlying mucosa was pale. Biopsy of the neoplasm
revealed osteoid structures lined with atypical osteoblasts; numerous pathologic mitotic
figures; a great number of thin-walled vessels. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A Osteosarcoma
B Osteoblastoclastoma
C Exacerbation of chronic osteomyelitis
D Ameloblastoma
E Primary jaw carcinoma

130 Examination of a patient revealed dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia. What vitamin

deficiency is the cause of this condition ?

A Nicotinamide
B Ascorbic acid
C Folic acid
D Biotin
E Rutin
 V 1d45ad87

131 The patient’s examination in a hospital specialised in diseases of nervous system has
revealed absence of light-induced miosis. It is caused by the damage of the following brain
structures:

A Vegetative nuclei of the 3rd pair of cranial nerves

B Reticular nuclei of mesencephalon
C Reticular nuclei of medulla oblongata
D Hypothalamus nuclei
E Red nuclei of mesencephalon

132 A patient with gastric juice hypersecretion has been recommended to exclude from the
diet rich broths and vegetable infused water. A doctor recommended it, because these food
products stimulate production of the following hormone:

A Gastrin
B Secretin
C Somatostatin
D Neurotensin
E Cholecystokinin

133 Sulfanilamides are applied as antimicrobal agents in clinical practice. Sulfanilamide

treatment, however, can result in hemolytic anemia development in patients that suffer
from genetic defect of the following enzyme of pentose phosphate metabolism in
erythrocytes:

A Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase
B Transaldolase
C Pyruvate kinase
D Hexokinase
E Transketolase

134 On examination a patient was revealed to have a large amount of mucus accumulated
in the nasal cavity. The mucus covers the mucosa and blocks the olfactory receptors. Where
exactly are these receptors situated in a nasal cavity?

A Superior nasal concha

B Inferior nasal concha
C-
D Common nasal meatus
E Middle nasal concha

135 A patient has an inflammation in the pterygopalatine fossa. The infection has spread
into the nasal cavity. Which anatomical structure has the infection spread through?

A Foramen sphenopalatinum
B Foramen rotundum
 V 1d45ad87

C Canalis palatinus major

D Canalis palatinus minor
E Canalis ptherygoideus

136 Microscopic examination of a skin tumor revealed that it invaded the underlying tissue,
destroyed it and formed nests and cords of atypical epithelium, which include pearl-like
formations. Specify the tumor:

A Keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma

B Squamous cell non-keratinizing carcinoma
C Adenocarcinoma
D Medullary carcinoma
E Solid carcinoma

137 A puncture sample taken from the lymph node of a patient with preliminary diagnosis
of protozoan disease has been investigated. The preparation was processed with Giemsa
stain and the following was detected: crescent-shaped bodies with pointed tips, blue
cytoplasm and red nuclei. What protozoa have been detected in the preparation?

A Toxoplasma
B Plasmodium malariae
C Viscerotropic Leishmania
D Trypanosoma
E Dermatotropic Leishmania

138 A patient with heart failure and tachycardia has been prescribed digoxin. After 5 days
of taking digoxin the patient’s heart rate was normalized. After 2 weeks the patient
addressed a doctor due to continuous decrease of heart rate down to 52/min. What
phenomenon has caused such changes of heart rate?

A Cumulation
B Tachyphylaxis
C Allergy
D Tolerance
E Idiosyncrasy

139 There are several cases of children from boarding school suffering from sore throat.
Microscopy of tonsil smears stained according to Neisser method has revealed thin yellow
bacilli with dark brown grains on their ends situated in the shape of the Roman numeral
five. What infection can be suspected in this case?

A Diphtheria
B Listeriosis
C Infectious mononucleosis
D Tonsillitis
E Scarlet fever
 V 1d45ad87

140 Specify the calcium-binding enamel protein, which plays a significant part in carious
destruction of enamel, when its function is disrupted:

A Amelogenin
B Calmodulin
C Calcitonin
D Parotin
E Osteocalcin

141 Vestibular surface of the left lower incisor has a pink fungoid formation up to 2 cm
large which is fixed to the supra-alveolar tissue by a wide pedicle. Histological examination
revealed branched capillary vessels with multiple hemorrhages and foci of hemosiderosis.
What is the most likely diagnosis?

A Angiomatous epulis
B Fibrous epulis
C Giant cell epulis
D Gingival fibromatosis
E Cavernous hemangioma

142 A student who unexpectedly met his girlfriend developed an increase in systemic
arterial pressure. This pressure change was caused by the intensified realization of the
following reflexes:

A Conditional sympathetic
B Conditional parasympathetic
C Conditional sympathetic and parasympathetic
D Unconditional parasympathetic
E Unconditional sympathetic

143 After long-term antibiotic treatment a patient has developed whitish spots on the oral
mucosa. Gram-positive oval budding cells were detected in the smear preparations. What
causative agents were detected?

A Candida fungi
B Staphylococci
C Actinomycete
D Tetracocci
E Sarcinae

144 A patient consulted a doctor about an inflammation of the ethmoid bone cells
(ethmoiditis). Examination revealed the disorder of blood supply to the bone. Ethmoidal
cells are normally supplied with blood through the branches of the following artery:

A A. ophthalmica
B A. cerebri anterior
 V 1d45ad87

C A. transversa faciei
D A. infraorbitalis
E A. facialis

145 An oral surgery unit admitted a woman with a phlegmon on the anterior surface of
neck in the region of carotid triangle. What muscle demarcates the posterior wall of this
triangle?

A Sternocleidomastoid
B Thyrohyoid
C Sternohyoid
D Omohyoid
E Sternothyroid

146 For relief of hypertensive crisis a doctor has administered a patient a drug that apart
from antihypertensive effect has also sedative, spasmolytic and anticonvulsive action. The
drug was taken parenterally. When it is taken enterally it acts as a laxative and cholagogue.
What drug was administered?

A Magnesium sulfate
B Reserpine
C Apressin
D No-spa
E Dibasolum

147 A 50-year-old patient has been referred for treatment of neck lymphadenitis. His
individual penicillin sensitivity was tested. In 30 seconds fullbody fever raised in the patient
and his arterial blood pressure dropped to 0mm Hg followed by cardiac arrest.
Resuscitation was unsuccessful. Autopsy revealed acute venous hyperemia of viscera.
Histological study revealed mast cells (tissue basocytes) degranulation in the skin (at the
area of injections), myocardium and lungs. What kind of hypersensitivity reaction occurred
in the patient?

A Anaphylactic
B Complement-mediated cytotoxic
C-
D Immune complex-mediated
E Delayed-type hypersensitivity

148 A patient is diagnosed with seborrheic dermatitis caused by vitamin H (biotin)

deficiency. Observed is activity disruption of the following enzyme:

A Acetyl-CoA carboxylase
B Pyruvate decarboxylase
C Alcohol dehydrogenase
D Aminotranspherases
 V 1d45ad87

E Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase

149 On the 4th day of treatment with diclofenac sodium a 55-year-old patient has
developed gastric hemorrhage due to an ulcer appearing on the gastric mucosa. Ulcerogenic
action of this drug is caused by decreased secretion of:

A Prostaglandin E2
B Prostaglandin E1
C Thromboxane
D Cyclic endoperoxides
E Leukotriene

150 Due to a contusion suffered in a traffic accident a patient has lost vision.
Ophthalmoscopy revealed no changes of the eyeball. What artery is damaged in this case?

A Posterior cerebral artery

B Medial cerebral artery
C Central retinal artery
D Ophthalmic artery
E Anterior cerebral artery

151 While studying blood and mucus samples from the nasopharynx, a bacteriologist took
certain measures to conserve the pathogens in the material. Bacterioscopic study revealed
the presence of gram-negative cocci resembling coffee beans and arranged in pairs or
tetrads. Name the pathogen that was isolated by the bacteriologist:

A Neisseria meningitidis
B Moraxella lacunata
C Acinetobacter calcoaceticus
D Staphilococcus aureus
E Neisseria gonorrhoeae

152 A heart microslide demonstrates cells in the shape of pale chords, which have few
myofibrilla, glycogen inclusions and eccentric nuclei. Name these cells:

A Purkinje’s fibers
B Leading pacemaker cells
C Endocrine cells
D Contractile cells
E Leading transitional cells

153 A diet must include fats. Fats perform plastic function in an organism due to their
inclusion in:

A Cell membranes
B Cell ion pumps
C Cell ion channel
 V 1d45ad87

D Cell end-organs
E Glycocalyx

154 An autopsy is performed on the body of a 58-year-old woman, who suffered from
diabetes mellitus. On histological examination of kidneys the following was revealed:
segmental homogenous oxyphilic deposits are detected in the glomerules; arteriole walls
are diffusely thickened, homogenous, oxyphilic. Diagnose the morphologic changes that
occurred in the renal glomerules and vessels:

A Hyalinosis
B Amyloidosis
C Hyaline droplet degeneration
D Mucoid degeneration
E Fibrinoid degeneration

155 Histological examination of the myocardium of a 47-year-old patient with rheumatic

heart disease (section material) revealed big visually empty vacuoles within the
cardiomyocytes. They turn black, when stained with osmic acid, and yellow-red, when
stained with sudan III. What pathological process is it?

A Adipose degeneration
B Hydropic degeneration
C Dysproteinosis
D Carbohydrate degeneration
E Hyaline droplet degeneration

156 Due to a stroke (cerebral hemorrhage) a patient has lost the ability of voluntary
movement of the head and neck muscles. Brain examination revealed the hematoma to be
situated within the genu of internal capsule. What conduction pathway is damaged?

A Tr.cortico-nuclearis
B Тr.cortico-thalamicus
C Tr.cortico-spinalis
D Tr.cortico-fronto-pontinus
E Tr.thalamo-corticalis

157 Corticosteroid analogues induce breakdown of muscle proteins into free amino acids.
Under such conditions these amino acids become involved with the following processes:

A Gluconeogenesis in liver
B Decarboxylation
C Synthesis of higher fatty acids
D Glycolysis in muscles
E Glycogenolysis
 V 1d45ad87

158 Microelectrode technique allowed to register a potential following ”all-or-none” law

and capable of undecremental spreading. Specify this potential:

A Action potential
B Excitatory postsynaptic potential
C Inhibitory postsynaptic potential
D Receptor potential
E Rest potential

159 A microspecimen of heart shows rectangular cells from 50 to 120 micrometers large
with central position of nucleus and developed myofibrils. The cells are connected by
intercalated discs. These cells are responsible for the following function:

A Function of heart contractions

B Function of impulse conduction
C Endocrine
D Protective
E Regeneratory

160 Autopsy of the body of a 46-yearold man, who had been suffering from typhoid fever
and died of intestinal hemorrhage, has revealed sequestration areas, tissue rejection in the
areas of lymphoid follicle clusters.What stage of typhoid fever is it?

A Dirty ulcers
B Necrosis
C Clean ulcers
D Healing
E Brain-like swelling of the follicles

161 During a foot trauma both cuboid and cuneiform bones have been crushed. As a result
the foot must be amputated at the following joint:

A Transversa
B Tarsimetatarsеa
C Intermetatarsea
D Cuneonavicularis
E Tallocruralis

162 In a microslide of the patient’s regional lymph node stained with Giemsa method a
doctor detected thin microorganisms with 12-14 uniform tendrils with pointed tips, 10-13
micrometers in length, pale pink in color. In this case they can be identified as infectious
agents of the following disease:

A Syphilis
B Relapsing fever
C Leishmaniasis
 V 1d45ad87

D Trypanosomiasis
E Leptospirosis

163 A 78-year-old patient suffering from atherosclerosis has been delivered to a surgical
ward with signs of acute abdomen. Laparoscopy revealed blackened and flaccid small
intestine loops; demarcation line is not clear. Diagnose the changes that occurred in the
patient’s small intestine:

A Hemorrhagic infarction complicated with humid gangrene

B Ischemic stroke complicated with humid gangrene
C-
D Ischemic stroke complicated with dry gangrene
E Hemorrhagic infarction complicated with dry gangrene

164 A patient with diabetes mellitus has been delivered to a hospital unconscious. BP is
low, Kussmaul’s respiration is observed, the smell of acetone can be detected from the
patient’s mouth. What mechanism is leading in the coma development in this case?

A Accumulation of ketone bodies in blood

B Accumulation of urea
C Accumulation of sodium ions
D Accumulation of potassium ions
E Accumulation of chlorine ions

165 A patient with pituitary tumor complains of increased daily diuresis (polyuria). Glucose
concentration in blood plasma equals 4,8 mmol/l. What hormone can be the cause of this if
its secretion is disturbed?

A Vasopressin
B Aldosterone
C Natriuretic hormone
D Insulin
E Angiotensin I

166 During ascent into mountains at the altitude of 5000 meters the group of climbers has
developed the following complaints: dyspnea, increased heart rate, headache, vertigo,
tinnitus.What is the cause of such symptoms?

A Hypoxemia
B Leucopenia
C Hypothermia
D Hypokalemia
E Erythropenia

167 A woman is diagnosed with Turner’s syndrome (karyotype 45, X0). How many
autosomal pairs would her somatic cells contain?
 V 1d45ad87

A 22
B 45
C 23
D 24
E 44

168 A 50-year-old patient with hypertensive crisis had been administered magnesium
sulfate, which led to abrupt decrease in blood pressure. The side effects of magnesium
sulfate can be prevented if the following drug is administered:

A Calcium chloride
B Trilon B
C Sodium sulfate
D Sodium bromide
E Potassium chloride

169 Specify the type of jaundice, during which there is no direct bilirubin in blood, and
urine urobilinogen level is high:

A Suprarenal
B Subhepatic
C-
D Mechanical
E Hepatic

170 Chromosomal complement of a woman contains a chromosome with arms p and q of

equal length. What morphological type does this chromosome belong to?

A Metacentric
B Submetacentric
C Acrocentric
D Telocentric
E Subacrocentric

171 Osteolaterism is charcterized by a decrease in collagen strength caused by significantly

less intensive formation of cross-links in collagen fibrils. This phenomenon is caused by the
low activity of the following enzyme:

A Lysyl oxidase
B Prolyl hydroxylase
C Monoamine oxidase
D Lysyl hydroxylase
E Collagenase

172 A 60-year-old patient with a history of bronchial asthma has had several attacks during
the day. What is the optimal drug to be used for attacks prevention?
 V 1d45ad87

A Salbutamol
B Adrenaline hydrochloride
C Methacinum
D Dobutamine
E Isadrinum

173 As a result of an injury a child developed an abscess of the buccal adipose tissue. With
time the process spread to the lateral surface of pharynx. Pus spread along the following
fascia:

A Bucco-pharyngeal
B Masticatory
C Temporal
D Parotid
E-

174 The most common disease of economically developed countries is dental caries. Over
95% of population is afflicted with this disease. Carious demineralization of hard dental
tissues is caused primarily by:

A Organic acids
B Extreme conditions
C Vitamin C deficiency
D Metabolic disorder
E Malnutrition

175 A patient in a grave condition has been delivered into an admission ward. Examination
revealed pupil mydriasis, no reaction to the light, considerable reddening and dryness of
skin and mucous membranes. What drug might have caused the intoxication symptoms?

A Atropine sulphate
B Dithylinum
C Adrenalin hydrochloride
D Proserin
E Pilocarpine hydrochloride

176 A histological preparation of cerebellum transverse section shows large number of

multipolar neurons in the grey matter. What morphological feature allows to identify them
as multipolar?

A Number of cellular processes

B Length of cellular processes
C Shape of axon terminals
D Shape of perikaryon
E Cell size
 V 1d45ad87

177 A 12-year-old patient suffering from acute leukemia presents with fever up to 39, 8oC,
acute pain in the throat. Examination of the oral cavity has revealed swollen tonsils, their
surface is covered in deep lesions with uneven margins, numerous petechial hemorrhages
in the pharyngeal mucosa and around the tonsils. Determine the type of tonsillitis that
complicates the disease progress in this case:

A Necrotic
B Fibrinous
C Catarrhal
D Lacunar
E Purulent

178 A 35-year-old woman complains of swollen neck. Subtotal thyreoidectomy is

performed. On histological examination of the removed part of the thyroid gland the
following was detected: atrophy of parenchyma, moderate sclerosis development, duffuse
infiltration by lymphocytes and plasma cells leading to formation of lymphatic follicles.
What pathology has developed in the thyroid gland?

A Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
B Follicular adenoma
C Papillary carcinoma of the thyroid gland
D Diffuse toxic goiter
E Riedel’s thyroiditis

179 During exacerbation of peptic gastric ulcer disease a patient complains of heart pain.
What vegetative reflex can cause these painful sensations?

A Viscerovisceral reflex
B Dermatovisceral reflex
C Motor visceral reflex
D Viscerodermal reflex
E Visceromotor reflex

180 A 28-year-old patient had been diagnosed with multifragmental fracture of the right
hip. On the third day after the injury he began to complain of pain in the right side of the
chest, difficult respiration. One day later the patient died of progressive heart and
respiratory failure. Histological study of the pulmonary and cerebral blood vessels revealed
orange sudanophilic droplets that completely obstructed the vessels of microvasculature.
What complication caused the death of the patient?

A Fat embolism
B Drug-induced embolism
C Gas embolism
D Microbial embolism
E Thromboembolism
 V 1d45ad87

181 An autopsy of the body of an elderly man, who was suffering from acute intestinal
disorder during his last 2 weeks of life, has revealed the following change in the rectum and
sigmoid colon: brown and green film covering the mucosa is detected. The itestinal wall is
thickened; the cavity sharply narrows down. Microscopy reveals mucosa necrosis of varying
depth, necrotic tissue is pierced through with fibrin threads, leucocytic infiltration is
observed. What diagnosis is the most probable?

A Fibrinous colitis
B Ulcerative colitis
C Catharrhal colon
D Follicular colitis
E-

182 A doctor examines a 17-year-old girl. The following is detected: pharyngitis, cervical
lymphadenopathy, fever. The preliminary diagnosis is infectious
mononucleosis.Whatmethod of investigation allows to confirm this diagnosis at the disease
onset?

A Determining antibodies IgМ to Epstein-Barr virus

B Sabin-Feldman dye test
C Determining the amount of C-reactive protein
D Microscopy of blood smear according to Giemsa method
E Determining antibodies IgG to Epstein-Barr virus

183 Periodontitis induces development of lipid peroxidation in the periodontal tissues, as

well as increase in malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide concentration in the oral
cavity. Which of the following enzymes provides antioxidant protection?

A Catalase
B Invertase
C Maltase
D Amylase
E Lactase

184 A patient has sustained a traumatic injury of the greater pectoral muscle. This resulted
in the decrease of:

A Inspiratory reserve volume

B Tidal volume
C Functional residual lung capacity
D Residual volume
E Expiratory reserve volume

185 A patient consulted a doctor about difficult chewing. On examination he was found to
have atrophy of the right temporal muscle and masticatory muscles. Upon opening the
mouth, the patient’s jaw deviates to the left. What nerve is affected?
 V 1d45ad87

A Motor portion of the mandibular nerve

B Inferior alveolar
C Facial
D Maxillary
E Mandibulohyoid

186 A 13-year-old girl has been prescribed a certain drug for treatment of megaloblastic
anemia. This drug stimulates a transfer from megaloblastic haemopoiesis to normoblastic,
participates in synthesis of purine and pyrimidine bases, activates proteine and methionine
synthesis. What drug does the patient take?

A Cyanocobalamin
B Haemostimulinum
C Rosehip tea
D Erythropoietin
E Ferric sulfate

187 A patient with damaged muscles of the lower limbs has been delivered to a first-aid
center. What cells enable reparative regeneration of muscle fibers and restoration of muscle
function?

A Myosatellitocytes
B Adipocytes
C Endotheliocytes
D Plasmocytes
E Fibroblasts

188 Calcification of dental tissues is significantly influenced by osteocalcin protein that can
bind calcium ions due to the presence of the following modified amino acid residues in the
polypeptide chain:

A ?-carbon glutamine
B ?-aminopropionic
C ?-aminobutyric
D Alanine
E Carboxy aspargine

189 A 2-year-old child presents with mental development retardation, intolerance of

proteins, severe hyperammonemia against the background of low blood urea content. This
condition is caused by the congenital deficiency of the following mitochondrial enzyme:

A Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase

B Succinate dehydrogenase
C Monoamine oxidase
D Malate dehydrogenase
E Citrate synthase
 V 1d45ad87

190 A patient diagnosed with acute respiratory failure has been administered artificial lung
ventilation in the conditions of high partial oxygen pressure. This measure resulted in
aggravation of the patient’s condition and development of respiratory distress syndrome.
Name the likely cause of this complication:

A Intense oxidation of lung surfactant

B Fibrosis
C Pulmonary congestion
D Atelectasis
E Inflammatory process

191 A 30-year-old man addressed a doctor with complaints of enlarged submandibular

lymph nodes. Anamnesis states that the patient previously had been treated for acute apical
periodontitis of the 36th and 46th teeth. Histologically the following could be detected in
the removed lymph node: hyperemia, edema, increased amount of plasmocytes and
plasmablasts in the medullary area and germinal centers of follicles. What can cause such
changes in lymph nodes?

A Antigenic stimulation
B Immunodeficiency state
C Granulomatous inflammation
D Lymphoma
E Metastasis of a malignant tumor

192 A 49-year-old patient was found to have a disproportionate enlargement of hands, feet,
nose, ears, superciliary arches and cheek bones. Blood test revealed hyperglycemia,
impaired glucose tolerance. What is the most likely cause of this pathology development?

A Hypersecretion of growth hormone

B Posterior pituitary hormone hypersecretion
C Insulin hyposecretion
D Vasopressin hyposecretion
E Glucocorticoid hypersecretion

193 Examination of a 23-year-old patient reveals that when his tongue is protruded, its tip
deviates to the side. This is caused by the dysfunction of the following tongue muscle:

A Genioglossus
B Hyoid
C Superior longitudinal
D Inferior longitudinal
E Styloglossus

194 A patient with acute retention of urine has been brought to an admission room. During
examination a doctor found out that the patient has urethral obturation caused by
pathology of the surrounding organ. Name this organ.
 V 1d45ad87

A Prostate
B Testicle
C Seminal vesicle
D Spermatic cord
E Epididymis

195 A histological specimen of kidney shows a structure consisting of a glomerulus of

fenestrated capillaries and a bilayer epithelial capsule. Specify this structure:

A Renal corpuscle
B Proximal tubule
C Distal tubule
D Henle’s loop
E Receiving tube

196 A woman addressed a dentist with complains of bruise and swelling around her eye.
Anamnesis is as follows: several days prior her 1st premolar tooth had been extracted, with
infraorbital anesthesia administered; several days later hematoma appeared in the area of
foramen intraorbitale. Branch of the following artery was damaged:

A Maxillary artery
B Facial artery
C Superior labial artery
D Masseteric artery
E Superficial temporal artery

197 A histological specimen of mandible of an embryo shows a tooth germ with the dental
papilla made up of small stellate basophilic cells. What tissue forms this part of the tooth
germ?

A Mesenchyme
B Epithelial
C Reticular
D Cartilaginous
E Osseous

198 When examining a female patient a doctor observed the following: misshapen auricles,
elevated palate, teeth growth disorder; mental retardation; no disruption of reproductive
function. Provisional diagnosis is the "super woman"syndrome. Point out the karyotype of
this disease.

A (47, XXX)
B (47, XXY)
C (47, yyy)
D (47, XYY)
E (45, X0)
 V 1d45ad87

199 During perfusion of an isolated heart of a mammal with a high ion content solution the
cardiac arrest in diastole occurred. The cardiac arrest was caused by the following ions
present excessively in the solution:

A Potassium
B Chlorine
C Sodium
D Magnesium
E Calcium

200 A woman had been taking synthetic hormones during her pregnancy. Her newborn girl
presents with excessive hairiness which has formal resemblance to adrenogenital
syndrome. This sign of variability is called:

A Phenocopy
B Recombination
C Mutation
D Heterosis
E Replication