AE 240/713 Quiz No.

1 Thursday 06th February, 2020 Weightage: 10%

Q.1 It is required to launch a payload with an ideal burnout velocity of 10 km/s. The existing technological
limitations restrict the Isp to 350s. If the maximum rocket mass permissible on launch pad is 400 Tons, what
is the maximum permissible inert mass of the rocket, if a 5 Ton payload is to be launched? Also, what is the
resulting propellant fraction? (g0 = 9.81 m/s2). (2)

∆V
−
dV m& dm 1 V m g I
= − g0 I sp → =− dV → ln m = − → b = e 0 sp
dt m m g0 I sp g0 I sp m0
10000
mb − mp
= e 9.81×350 = 0.0543; mb = 0.0543 × 400 = 21.72T ; ms = 16.62T ; = 0.9457
m0 m0

Q.2 Derive the expressions for mass profile, m(t), burnout velocity, Vb, and burnout time, tb, for rocket
undergoing rectilinear vertical motion under the assumptions of sea-level gravity, vacuum and a small drift,
(dβ/dt) in propellant burn rate. (Hint: Use following equation, as needed). (3)

dV m&
= − g0 I sp − g0 ; m = m0 − β t ; β = β 0 + β& t; β 0 , β& → Non-zero real constants
dt m

b t
m0 m
V (t ) = g 0 I sp ln − g 0t ; Vb = g 0 I sp ln 0 − g 0tb ; m p = −  mdt
&
m mb 0
tb
tb
( )
m p =  β 0 + 2 β&t dt =  β 0t + β&t 2  = β 0tb + β& tb2 → β& tb2 + β0tb − m p = 0
0
0

β02 + 4 β& m p − β 0
tb = → (Limit of this is undefined as β& → 0)
2 β&
However, as β& → 0, equation is nearly of first order. Thus, we can
employ the first order solution to extract approximate second order solution.
m m  β& m 
tb1 = p ; tb 2 ≈ tb1 − β&tb21 = p 1 − 2 p 
β0 β0  β 0 
m m p  β& m p 
1 − 2  ; m(t ) = m0 − β 0t − β&t
2
Vb = g 0 I sp ln 0 − g 0 ×
mb β 0  β0 

Q.3 A rocket with m0 = 100 Tons, mp = 80 Tons (Isp = 300 s), moves vertically under constant sea-level
gravity (9.81 m/s2) and burn rate β = 0.8 Tons / sec. Predict approximate dynamic pressure peak and
corresponding altitude. (Hint: Use the following expressions as needed. Neglect loss due to drag. Use
atmospheric table given below for applicable density value. Solve for V, m & h for 20s, 30s, 40s & 50s). (3)

m0 m p (t )
V = g 0 I sp ln − g 0t ; t =
m0 − m p (t ) β
2
m0 g 0 I sp 1  m  m p (t )
h= [(1 − Λ(t )) ln(1 − Λ(t )) + Λ(t ) ] − g 0  Λ (t ) 0  ; Λ (t ) =
β 2  β  m0
t, sec V, m/sec h, km ρ, kg/m3 Q, N/m2 m, kg
20 317.0 3.01 0.909 45,672 84
30 503.5 7.15 0.579 73,304 76
40 742.6 13.4 0.251 69,207 68
50 1,013 22.1 0.068 34,890 60

Dynamic pressure peak is approximately at the intersection of two lines.

Q.4 Derive the expressions for time ‘∆t’ and horizontal distance, 'x' in terms of pitch angle, ‘θ’, in respect of
constant (T/m) gravity turn manoeuvre executed in vacuum using flat earth and constant sea-level gravity
models for n0 = 1 case. (Hint: Use the following equations of motion as applicable. Also, use applicable
trigonometric identities for half angles as well as differential identities). (2)
θ θ
b
Vdθ 1 b 2
V = k '  tan n0 −1 θ + tan n0 +1 θ  ; ∆t = 
( ) ( ) V dθ ; sin θ = 2sin θ cos θ ( ) ( )
g 0 θ0
; ∆x =
 2 2 
θ0 g 0 sin θ
2 2

sec2 θ ( 2 ) = 1 + tan (θ 2 ) ;
2
d (tan x) = sec 2 xdx; d (sec x ) = sec x tan xdx

V = k ' 1 + tan θ  = k 'sec θ ; ∆t = 

θ
( ) g 0 sin θ
sin θ = 2sin θ( 2 ) cos (θ 2 )
0

θb  sec θ2
( ) 
k'  2 + sec2 θ tan θ dθ
( )
sec θ = 1 + tan 2 θ ; ∆t =
2
( )   tan θ 2  ( ) ( )
2 2 2g 0 θ0
 2 ( ) 2

θb
k'
∆t =
2 g0  ( ( ))
 2 ln tan θ
2
+ sec 2 θ 
( )
2 θ0
θ θ θ
1 b 2 k '2 b 4 θ k '2 b  2 θ
( ) + sec 2 θ tan 2 θ  dθ
( ) ( ) ( )
g 0 θ0 g 0 θ0 g 0 θ0 
∆x = V d θ = sec
2
dθ = sec
2 2 2 
θ
2k '2  θ + 1 tan 3 θ 
b

∆x =
g0 

tan ( )
2 3 ( )
2 
θ0

PAPER ENDS