Is 10711 :2001

1s0 5457:1999

Indian Standard
TECHNICAL PRODUCT DOCUMENTATION — SIZES
AND LAYOUT OF DRAWING SHEETS
( First Revision)

1 Scope

This International Standard specifies the size and layout of preprinted sheets for technical drawings in any field of
engineering, including those produced by computer. This International Standard is also applicable to other technical
documents.

2 Normative references

The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this
International Standard. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject to
revision, and parties to agreements based on this International Standard are encouraged to investigate the
possibility of applying the most recent editions of the standards indicated below. Members of IEC and ISO maintain
registers of currently valid International Standards.

ISO 128-20:1996, Technical dra wings — General principles of presentation — Part 20: Basic conventions for lines.

ISO 216:1975, Writing paper and certain classes of printed matter — Trimmed sizes — A and B series.

ISO 3098-1:1974, Technical dra wings — Lettering — Part 1: Currently used characters.

ISO 7200:1984, Technical dra wings — Title blocks.

ISO 9958-1:1992, Draughting media for technical drawings — Draughting film with polyester base — Part 1:
Requirements and marking

ISO 9961:1992, Draughting media for technical dra wings — Natural tracing paper.

3 Sizes

3.1 Size of series ISO-A

The original drawing should be made on the smallest sheet permitting the necessary clarity and resolution.

The preferred sizes of the trimmed and untrimmed sheets as well as the drawing space of the main ISO-A series
(see ISO216) are given in table 1.
 Is 10711 :2001
1s0 5457:1999

Table 1 — Sizes of trimmed and untrimmed sheets and the drawing space %

Dimensions in millimetres

Designation Figure Trimmed sheet (T) Drawingspace Untrimmed sheet (U)

al bl az b2 as b3

1) 1) & (),5 * (),5 &2 &2

Ao 1 841 1189 821 1159 880 1230

Al 1 594 841 574 811 625 880

A2 1 420 594 400 564 450 625

A3 1 297 420 277 390 330 450

A4 2 210 297 180 277 240 330

QOTE — For sizes > AO,see ISO216.

I) For tolerances, see ISO216.

Dimensions in millimetres Dimensions in millimetres

..—.. — ..—.. — .._.. _ —.. — ..—.. —

..——
.. —.. — .
r
-..
—..—..——....—..-
20
.
bz 20
1--- r
i bl al

i aq
t=

Figure 1 — Size A3 to AO Figure 2 — Size A4

The size designation shall be placed in the bottom border at the right corner (see figure 5).

3.2 Elongated sizes

Elongated sizes should be avoided. Otherwise they are formed by combination of the dimensions of the short side
of an A-size (e.g. A3) with the dimensions of the long side of another larger A-size (e.g. Al). The result is a new
size, for example with the abbreviation A3.1. The structure of the size system is shown in figure 3.

2
 Is 10711 :2001
1s0 5457:1999

Dimensions in millimetres
841
AO

594 ... ..
Al A1.O

420 “ ... ..—.. — ..

A2 A2.1 A2.O
1

2’rrrrrl
o 210 420 594
Figure 3 — Size system overview
841 1 189

4 Graphical features

4.1 Title block

For the dimensions and layout of title blocks, see ISO 7200. The location of the title block for the sizes AO to A3 is
situated in the bottom right hand corner of the drawing space. Only sheets positioned horizontally are permitted for
these formats (see figure 1). For the size A4, the title block is situated in the shorter (lower) part of the drawing
space. Only sheets positioned vertically are allowed for this format (see figure 2). The direction of the reading of the
drawings is equal to that of the title block.

4.2 Borders and frame

Borders enclosed by the edges of the trimmed sheet and the frame limiting the drawing space shall be provided with
all sizes. The border shall be 20 mm wide on the left edge, including the frame. It can be used as a filing margin. All
other borders are 10 mm wide (see figure 4).

The frame for limiting the drawing space shall be executed with continuous lines of 0,7 mm width.

Dimensions in millimetres

1245

‘y
/l
6
5

-’t-
20

t Key
1 Trimming mark 4 Frame of drawing space
2 Trimmed format 5 Drawing space
!,
3 Grid reference border 6 Untrimmed format

Figure 4 — Borders

3
Is 10711 :2001
1s0 5457:1999

4.3 Centring marks

In order to facilitate positioning of the drawing when reproduced or microfilmed, four centring marks shall he
provided. These marks are placed at the ends of the two axes of symmetry of the trimmed sheet with a symmetry
tolerance of 1 mm. The form of the centring marks may be chosen freely. H is recommended to indicate them by
continuous lines of 0,7 mm width, starting at the grid reference border and extending 10 mm beyond the drawing
frame (see figure 5). Sizes greater than AO require additional centring marks at the mid-point of each section to be
filmed.

4.4 Grid reference system

The sheets shall be divided into fields in order to permit easy location of details, additions, revisions, etc. on the
drawing (see figure 5).

The individual fields should be referenced from the top downwards with capital letters (1 and O shall not be used)
and from left to right with numerals figuring on both sides of the sheet. For the size A4, they are located only at the
top and the right side. The size of letters and characters is 3,5 mm. The length of the fields is 50 mm, starting at the
axes of symmetry of the trimmed size (centring marks). The number of fields depends on the size (see table 2). The
differences resulting from the division are added to the fields at the corners.

The letters and numerals shall be placed in the grid reference border, and are to be written in vertical characters
according to ISO 3098-1. The grid reference system lines shall be executed with continuous lines of 0,35 mm width.

Dimensions in millimetres

~.._. ._.._ .._

10 I
- I

Figure 5 — Grid reference system and centring marks

Table 2 — Number of fields

IDesignation
I 1
AO
I
t
Al I
1
A2 II A3 II A4 I
I
ILong side I 24 I 16 I 12 I 8 I 6 I

IShort side I 16
I 12 I 8 I 6 I 4 I

4
 IS 10711 :2001
1s0 5457:1999

4.5 Trimming marks

In order to facilitate trimming of the sheets either by hand or automatically, trimming marks shall be provided in the
borders of the four edges of the trimmed sheet. These marks are in the form of two overlapping rectangles with the
dimensions 10 mm x 5 mm (see figure 6).
..—.. — ... .. ..—.. — ... ..
I r

A
I

Figure 6 — Trimming marks

5 Designation

The designation of a preprinted drawing sheet shall consist of the following elements in the given orde~

a) the description block (i.e. “Drawing sheet”);

b) the number of this International Standard (i.e. ISO 5457);

c) the designation of size (A4 to AO) as specified in table 1 or figure 3;

d) trimmed (T) or untrimmed (U) as specified in table 1;

e) type of material:

— tracing paper (TP) 92,5 g/rep or 112,5 g/rep, according to ISO 9961,

— opaque paper (OP) 60 g/m2 to 120 g/rep,

— draughting film with polyester base (PE) of thickness = 50 pm, according to ISO 9958-1,

f) printed frontside (F) or reverseside (R);

g) title block according to a pattern (TBL), if applicable.

EXAMPLE

A preprinted drawing sheet according to ISO 5457, of size Al, trimmed on tracing paper, with a mass per unit area
of 112,5 g/m’2, printed on the reverse side and with a title block according to a pattern is designated as follows:

Drawing sheet ISO 5457- AIT - TP1 12,5- R - TBL

5
is 10711 :2001
1s0 5457:1999

Annex A
(informative)

Example of a drawing sheet

—..— ..—.. — ..—.. — ..—.._ .._.. _ .._.. _ .. ..—.. —

—.. — ..—.. — ..—.. —

..—

Figure A.1 — Example of a format A3 drawing sheet

6
UDC 744’82 IS : 11664 - 1966

( Reaffirmed 1999 )
Indian Standard

[sl
1I FOLDING OF DRAWING PRINTS

. Scope - Covers two~methods of folding of drawing prints.

I.1 The first method is intended for prints to be filed or bound, while the second method is intended
or prints to be individually in filling cabinets.

!. Basic Principles

!.I The basic principles in each of the above methods are to ensure that:

a) all larger prints of sizes higher than A4 are folded to A4 sizes,

b) the title blocks of all the folded prints appear in the top most position, and

c) the bottom right corner shall be outermost visible section and shall have a width not less
than 190 mm.

!.2 Depending on the method of folding adopted, suitable folding marks are to-be introduced in the
racing sheets as guide.

3. Methods of Folding of Prints

3.1 The methods recommended for folding are indicated in Fig. 1 and 2.

3.2 The method indicated in Fig. 1 allows prints to be folded with a filing margin for the purposes
If filing after punching or for the purposes of binding along with other prints. This method allows
prints to be unfloded for ooenino
-I--~.~.~<, DUE and refolded without
._._..- -_ the
_.._ necessirv
..- , nf
- .remnval
_ ._ . I. from the fi!p.
?ling margin shall be according to 6.2 of IS : 10711-1983 ‘Sizes of drawing sheet’.

3.3 The method indicated in Fig. 2 is intended for folding prints without any filing or binding margin,
ior the purposes of storing independently in a filing cabinet.

EXPLANATORY NOTE

IS : 696 ‘Code of practice for general engineering drawings’ was originally published in 1955
and was revised in 1960 as a consequence of changeover to metric system of weights and measures,
The second revision of the standard was carried out in 1972 to bring it more in line with the recom-
mendations published by the Technical Committee TC 10, Technical drawings of the International
Organization for Standardization ( IS0 ).

IS0 has published a number of standards on various subjects covered in IS : 696-l 972 and these
have been adopted as national standard, thus superseding the relevant subject matter
of IS : 696-1972.

This standard contains ‘Folding of drawing prints’ covered in IS : 696-1972, but does not fine
place in any of the IS0 standards on technical drawing adopted as national standard.

Adopted 4 August 1985 0 October l-986, ISI Gr 2

I I
INDIAN STANDARDS INSTITUTION
MANAK BHAVAN. 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG
NEW DELHI 110002
IS:11664 -1986

SHEET CROSSWISE
FOLDING DIAGRAM LENGTHWISE FOLDING
ESIGNATIOF FOLDING

A0
8&l x 1189

AA
<
-_
Al .
594 x 811 . ’

\ ,
.
A2
L20 x 596

~
/ TITLE
BLOCK

A3
297 x L20
.w .
/h

All dimensions in millimetres.

FIG. 1 FOLDING OF PRINTS FOR FILING OR BINDING

2
 IS:11664-1986

-
SHEET CROSSWISE
FOLDING DIAGRAM LENGTHWISE FOLDING
3lGNATlON FOLDING

1189

A0
841 x 1189

TITLE
BLOCK

BLOCK

A3 -
297 x 420

BLOCK

All dimensions in millimetres.

FIG. 2 FOLDING OF PRINTS FOR STORING IN FILING CABINET

3
Printed at Printrade,‘New Delhi, India
 IS : 10713-1983
IS0 5455-1979

1 SCOPE AND FIELD OF APPLICATION 5 SCALES

This International Standard specifies recommended scales 5.1 The recommended scales for use on technical drawings
and their designation for use on all technical drawings in are specified in the following table.
any field of engineering.

~WKw Recommended scales

2 DEFINITIONS
Enlargement 5O:l 20 :1 10 : 1
2.1 scale : Ratio of the linear dimension of an element scales 5:l 2:l
of an object as represented in the original drawing to the
real linear dimension of the same element of the object Full size 1 :l
itself.
1:2 1:5 1 : 10
NOTE - The scale of a print may be different from that of the Reduction 1 :20 1 :50 1 :loo
original drawing. scales 1 : 200 1:500 1 : 1000
1 : 2 000 1 :5 000 1 : lOOti
2.2 full size : A scale with the ratio 1 : 1. L

NOTE - If, for special applications, there is need for a larger en-
largement scale or a smaller reduction scale than those shown in the
2.3 enlargement scale : A scale .where the ratio is larger table, the recommended range of scales may be extended in either
than 1 : 1. It is said to be larger~as its ratio increases. direction, provided that the required scale be derived from a recom-
mended scale by multiplying by whole number powers of 10. In
exceptional cases where for functional reasons the recommended
2.4 reduction scale : A scale where the ratio is smaller
scales cannot be applied, intermediate scales may be chosen.
than 1 : 1. It is said to be smaller as its ratio decreases.

3 DESIGNATION 5.2 The scale to be chosen for a drawing will depend

upon the complexity of the object to~be depicted and the
The complete designation of a scale shall consist of the purpose of the representation.
word “SCALE” (or its equivalent in the language used on
the drawing) followed by the indication of its ratio, as In all cases, the selected scale shall be large enough to
follows : permit easy and clear interpretation of the information
depicted.
- SCALE 1 : 1 for full size;
The scale and the size of the object, in turn, will decide
- SCALE X : 1 for enlargement scales; the size of the drawing.

- SCALE 1 : X for reduction scales.

If there is no likelihood of misunderstanding, the word 5.3 Details that are too small for complete dimensioning
“SCALE” may be omitted. in the main representation shall be shown adjacent to the
main representation in a separate detail view (or section)
which is drawn to a larger scale.
4 INSCRIPTION

4.1 The designation of the scale used on the drawing

shall be inscribed in the title block of the drawing.
6 LARGE SCALE DRAWINGS
4.2 Where it is necessary to use more than one scale on It is recommended that, for information, a full size view
a drawing, the main scale only shall be inscribed in the title be added to the large scale representation of a small object.
block, and all other scales adjacent to the item reference
number of the part concerned, noradjacent to the reference In this case the full size view may be simplified by showing
letter of a detail view (or section). the outlines of the ooject only.

i
Prlnted at %‘nCO PfintinO Press. Delhi, India
 IS 15021 ( Part 2 ) :2001
ISO 5456-2:1996

Indian Standard
TECHNICAL DRAWINGS — PROJECTION METHODS
PART 2 ORTHOGRAPHIC REPRESENTATIONS

1 Scope ISO 3098-1:1974, Technical drawings — Lettering —

Part 1: Currently used characters.
.
4
This part of ISO 5456 specifies basic rules for the *
application of orthographic representation to all types ISO 3461-2:1987, General principles for the creation J
of technical drawings in all technical fields, according of graphical symbols — Part 2: Graphical symbols for
to the general rules specified in ISO 128, ISO 129, use in technical product documentation.
ISO 3096-1, ISO 3461-2 and ISO 5456-1.
1 ISO 5456-1:1996, Technical drawings — Projection
methods — Part 1: Synopsis.
2 Normative references

The following standards contain provisions which, ISO 10208-1:1992, Technical product documentation
through reference in this text, constitute provisions of — Vocabulary — Part 1: Terms relating to technical
this part of ISO 5456. At the time of publication, the drawings: general and types of drawings.
editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject
to revision, and parties to agreements based on this ISQ 10208-2:1993, Technical product documentation
part of ISO 5456 are encouraged to investigate the — Vocabulary — Part 2: Terms relating to projection
possibility of applying the most recent editions of the methods.
standards indicated below. Members of IEC and ISO
maintain registers of currently valid International
Standards.

ISO 128:1982, Technical drawings — General prin-

ciples of presentation. 3 Definitions

ISO 129:1985, Technical drawings — Dimensioning — For the purposes of this part of ISO 5456, the defi-
General principles, definitions, methods of execution nitions given in ISO 5456-1, ISO 10209-1 and
and special indications. ISO 10208-2 apply.

1
IS 15021 ( Part 2 ) :2001
ISO 5456-2:1996

4 General principles (front view). This is view A according to the direction

of viewing a (see figure 1 and table 1), generally
showing the object in the functioning or manufactur-
4.1 General ing or mounting position. The position of other views
relative to the principal view in the drawing depends
Orthographic representation is obtained by means of on the projection method chosen (first angle, third
parallel orthogonal projections and results in flat, two- angle, [eference arrows). In practice, not all six views
dimensional views systematically positioned relative (A to F) are needed. When views (cuts or sections)
to each other. To show an object completely, the other than the principal view are necessary, these
six views in the directions a, b, c, d, e and f may shall be selected in order to:
be necessary, in order of priority (see figure 1 and
table 1). — limit the number of views, cuts and sections to
the minimum necessary and sufficient to fully rep-
b resent the object without ambiguity;
I — avoid unnecessary repetition of detail.

i ‘*
(’
5 Methods of representation ‘,,

5.1 First angle projection 1

The first angle projection method is an orthographic
representation in which the object to be represented
I
(see figure 1) appears between the observer and the ,!
Ie coordinate planes on which the object is orthogonally {
Figure 1 projected (see figure 2).

The positions of the various views relative to the t

4.2 Designation of views principal (front) view A are determined by rotating
their projection planes around lines coinciding with or -.-x ..:
:
parallel to the coordinate axes on the coordinate plane .9
See table 1.
(drawing surface) on which the front view A is pro- .,,
Table 1 jected (see figure 2). !

Direction of observation Therefore, in the drawing, with reference to the prin-

cipal view A, the other views are arranged as follows
View in Designation of view
View from (see figure 3):
direction

a the front A — View B: the view from above is placed under-

neath;
b above B (E)l)
— View E: the view from below is placed above;
c the left c
d the right D — View C: the view from left is placed on the right;

e below E — View D: the view from the right is placed on the

left:
f the rear F

1] See 5.4 — View F: the view from the rear is placed on the
right or on the left, as convenient.

The most informative view of the obiect to be rep- The identifying graphical symbol of this method is
resented is normally chosen as the - principal view shown in figure 4.
 IS 15021 ( Part 2 ) :2001
ISO 5456-2:1996

Figure 2

✍✍✍
❑
.-.
El

uDII
A c
---
F

5.2 Third angle projection

En
B
The third angle projection method is an orthographic
representation in which the object to be represented
Figure 3 (see figure 1L as seen by the observer, appears
behind the coordinate planes on which the object is
orthogonally projected (see figure 5). On each projec-
tion plane, the object is represented as if seen or-
thogonally from infinite distance with transparent
projection planes.

The positions of the various views relative to the

principal (front) view A are determined by rotating
their projection planes around lines coinciding with or
parallel to the coordinate axes on the coordinate plane
Figure 4 (drawing surface) on which the front view A is pro-
jected (see figure 5).

3
 IS 15021 ( Part 2 ) :2001
ISO 5456-2:1996

l’”
Figure 5

Therefore, in the drawing, with reference to the

principal view A, the other
follows (see figure 6):
views are arranged as ElB

—
View B: the view from above is placed above;

View E: the view

neath;
from below is placed under- EIEHUI
✎✎✍
— View C: the view
left;
from the left is placed on the ❑E:
Figure 6
— View D: the view from the right is placed on the
right;

— View F: the view from the rear r-my

the left or on the right, as convenient.

The identifying graphical

shown in figure 7.
symbol
be

of this
placed on

method is
w
figure 7

4
 IS 15021 ( pati 2 ] :2001
ISO 5456-2:1996

5.3 Reference arrows layout 5.4 Mirrored orthographic representation

In those cases where it is advantageous to position Mirrored orthographic representation~) is an ortho-

the views not according to the strict pattern of the graphic representation in which the object to be
first or the third angle projection method, the use of represented (see figure 1) is a reproduction of the
the reference arrows method permits the various image in a mirror (face upl which is positioned parallel
views to be freely positioned. to the horizontal planes of this object (see figure 9).
;,~,
The view resulting from a mirrored orthographic t.
VWh the exception of the principal view, each view
shall be identified by a letter in accordance with representation may be indicated by using the capital
figure 1. A lower-case letter indicates in the principal letter for the designation of views (i.e. ‘“E“, see 4.2).
view the direction of observation of the other views,
which are identified by the corresponding capital letter
placed immediately above the view and on the left.

~~1
The identified views may be located irrespective
of the principal view (see figure 8). Whatever the b
direction of observation, the capital letters (see
ISO 3098-1) identifying the views shall always be
Mirror (face)
positioned to be read from the normal direction of /“-
viewing of the drawing. /’

No graphical symbol for the indication of this method

is needed on the drawing.

i
b
El (E)
----- J
~
t

Figure 9

‘u’ LIlbl
I e
The identifying graphical
shown in figure 10.
symbol of this method is

o c F

E7
L1
-----

a f

ml
-----
@
-Um 8 Figure 10

1) This method is preferably used in construction drawings.

5
 -

IS 15021 ( Part 2 ) :2001

ISO 5456-2:1996

Annex A
(normative)

Proportions and dimensions of graphical symbols

A.1 General requirements

In order to harmonize the sizes of the graphical sym-

bols specified in this part of ISO 5456 with those of
the other inscriptions on the drawing (dimensions,
tolerances, etc.), the rules given in ISO 3461-2 shall
be applied.

A.2 Proportions

The graphical symbols shall be drawn in accordance

with figures A, 1, A.2 and A.3. Figure A.3

For practical reasons the centrelines maybe omitted.

A.3 IXmensions

The range of sizes to be used for the graphical sym-

bols and additional indications shall be as specified in
table A.1.

Table A.1
,-----
Dmnsions in millimetres
J
3d Height of nu-
1- H
1 1 merek and capi-
tal letters (and/or
Figure AI lower-case
letters) and 3,5 5 7 10 14 20
diameter of the
smaller end of
the cone, h

Line width for

graphical sym-
bols, d
0,35 0,5 0,7 1 1,4 2
Line width for
lettering, d

Length and
diameter of the
20 28 40
larger end of the 7 ‘0 ‘4
Figure A.2 cone, H

6
 IS 10714 (Pati 30) :2006
ISO 128-30:2001

lndian Standard
TECHNICAL DRAWINGS — GENERAL PRINCIPLES
OF PRESENTATION
PART 30 BASIC CONVENTIONS FOR VIEWS

1 Scope

This part of 1S0 128 specifies the general principles for presenting views, applicable to all Knds of technical drawings
(mechanical, electrical, architectural, civil engineering, etc.), following the orthographic projection methods specified
in ISO 5456-2.

Attention has also been given in this part of ISO 128 to the requirements of reproduction, including microcopying in
accordance with ISO 6428.

2 ‘Normative references

The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of
this part of 1S0 128. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications do
not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this part of ISO 128 are encouraged to investigate the possibility
of applying the most recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. For undated references, the latest
edition of the normative document referred to applies. Members of ISO and IEC maintain registers “of currently valid
International Standards.

ISO 128-24:1999, Technics/ drawings — General principles of presentation — Part 24: Lines on mechanical
engineering drawings.

ISO 3098-0, Technical product documentation — Lettering — Part O: General requirements.

ISO 5456-2, Technical drawings — Projection methods — Part 2: Orthographic representations.

ISO 6428, Technical drawings — Requirements for microcopying.

ISO 10209-1, Technical product documentation — Vocabulary — Part 1: Terms relating to technical drawings:
general and types of drawings.

ISO 10209-2, Technical product documentation — Vocabulary — Part 2: Terms relating to projection methods.

ISO 81714-1, Design of graphical symbols for use in the technical documentation of products — Part 1: Basic rules.

3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this part of ISO 128, the terms and definitions given in ISO 10209-1 and ISO 10209-2 apply.

4 General

The most informative view of an object shall be used as the front or principal figure, tating into consideration, for
example, its functioning position, position of manufacturing or mounting.

Each view, with the exception of the front or principal figure (view, plan, principal figure), shall be given clear
identification with a capital letter, repeated near the reference arrow needed to indicate the direction of viewing for the

1
 IS 10714 (Pati 30) :2006
ISO 128-30:2001

relevant view. Whatever the direction of viewing, the capital letter shall always be positioned in normal relation to the
direction of reading, and be indicated either above or on the right side of the reference arrow.

The reference arrow is defined in annex C (including the arc arrow, see clause 7), as is the lettering height of the
. identification.

The designated views may be located ir~espective of the principal figure. The capital letters identifying the referenced
views shall be placed immediately above the relevant views (see Figure 1).

1
D C

“u-

IB

c D E

Figure 1 — Identification of referenced views

5 Choice& views

When views (including cuts and sections) are needed, these shall be selected according to the following principles:
— limit the number of views (and cuts and sections) to the minimum necessary but sufficient to fully delineate the
object without ambiguity;
— avoid the need for hiddenoutiines and edges;

— avoid unnecessary repetition of a detail.

2
 IS 10714 (Pati 30) :2006
ISO 128-30:2001

6 Partial views

6.1 General
,
Features needing specific illustration, but not meriting a full view, maybe illustrated using a partial view limited by a
continuous narrow line with zigzags of type 01.1.19 according to ISO 128-24:1999 (see Figure 2).

F
\

.—. — .—.

Figure 2 — Partial view

6.2 Partial view of symmetrical parts

To save time and space, symmetrical objects maybe drawn as a fraction of the whole [see Figure 3 a), b) and c)].

The line of symmetry is identified at each of its ends by two narrow short parallel lines drawn at right angles to it [see
Figure 3 a), b) and c)]. The graphical symbol for symmetry shall be drawn in accordance with clause C.4.

* *

a) Example 1 b) Example 2 c) Example 3

Figure 3 — Partial vkw of symmetrical parts

7 Special positions of view

When necessary, it is permitted to show the view in another position than that indicated by the reference arrow.

3
 IS 10714 (Pati 30) :2006
ISO 128-30:2001

The fact that the view is shown in another position should be clarified by an arc arrow showing the direction of rotation
according to Figure 4 a) and b). The angle of rotation of the view after the capital letter maybe indicated. If used, the
sequence shall be:

“view identification — arc arrow — angle of rotation”

.
The arc arrow shall be drawn in accordance with clause C.3.

G
\
Gn 30°
——
u
I

a) Example 1 b) Example 2

Figure 4 — Special view positions

4
 IS 10714 (Pati 30) :2006
1S0128-30 :2001

Annex A
(normative)
.

First angle projection method

A.1 General

The first angle projection method is to be regarded as a requirement of this part of ISO 128. A more detailed
description ~f the fi~st angle projection method is to be found in “ISO 5456-2. ~

A.2 First angle projection method

With reference to the front view, (a), the other views are arranged as follows (see Figure A.1 ):

— the view from above, (b), is placed underneath;

— the view from below, (e), is placed above;

— the view from the left, (c), k placed on the right;

— the view from the right, .(d), is placed on the left;

———
the view from the rear, (f), may be placed on the left or right, as convenient.

u ——(e)
J
/
,

Ie
Uu 1 (d) (a)

(b)
(c)

———
(f)

Figure A.1 — First angle projection metkd

5
 IS 10714 fPati 30) :2006
ISO 128-30:2001

A.3 Graphical symbol

The graphical svmbol for the first angle projection method is shown in Figure A.2. The proportions and dimensions of
> this ~raphical symbol are specified in ISO 5456-2.

Figure A.2 — Graphical symbol

 IS 10714 (Pati 30): 2008
ISO 128-30:2001

Annex B
(normative)

Third angle projection method

B.1 General

The third angle Droiection method is to be reaarded as a requirement of this Dart of ISO 128. A more detailed
description o~the third angle projection method~s to be found in. ISO ~56-2. ‘

B.2 Third angle projecion method

With reference to the front view, (a), the other views are arranged as follows (see Figure B.1 ):

— the view from above, (b), is placed above;

— the view from below, (e), is placed underneath;

— the view from the left, (c), is placed on the left;

— the view from the right, (d), is placed on the right;

— the view from the rear,.(f), maybe placed on the left or right, as convenient.

—— m (b)

I e
1 LI
(c)

———
u
(a) (d) (f)

Figure B.1 — Third angle projection method

7
 IS t0714 (Pad 30) :2006
ISO 128-30:2001

B.3 Graphical symbol

The graphical symbol for the third angle projection method is shown in Figure B.2. The proportions and dimensions
. of this graphical symbol are specified in ISO 5456-2.

Figure B.2 — Graphical symbol

8
 I
IS 10714 (Part 23):2006
ISO 128-23:1999

Indian Standard
TECHNICAL DRAWINGS — GENERAL
PRINCIPLES OF PRESENTATION
PART 23 LINES ON CONSTRUCTION DRAWINGS

1 Scope
t
This part of ISO 128 specifies types of lines and their application in construction documentation comprising j
architectural drawings, structural engineering drawings, building service engineering drawings, civil engineering #
drawings, landscape drawings and town planning drawings.

2 Normative references

The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of
this part of ISO 128. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications do
not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this part of ISO 128 are encouraged to investigate the
possibility of applying the most recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. For undated ,,
‘,
references, the latest edition of the normative document referred to applies. Members of ISO and IEC maintain
registers of currently valid International Standards.

I
ISO 128-20:1996, Technical drawings — General principles of presentation — Part 20: Basic conventions for lines. ,
ISO 129:1985, Technics/ drawings — Dimensioning — General principles, definitions, methods of execution and
special indications. i

ISO 3766:1995, Construction drawings — Simplified representation of concrete reinforcement.

ISO 4068:1978, Building and civil engineering drawings — Reference lines.

ISO 4069:1977, Building and civil engineering drawings — Representation of areas on sections and views —
General principles.

ISO 4463-1:1989, Measurement methods for building — Setting-out and measurement — Part 1: Planning and
organization, measuring procedures, acceptance criteria. t
ISO 6428:1982, Technical drawings — Requirements for microcopying.

ISO 7519:1991, Technical drawings — Construction drawings — General principles of presentation for general
arrangement and assembly drawings.

ISO 8048:1984, Technical drawings — Construction drawings — Representation of views, sections and cuts.

ISO 8560:1986, Technical drawings — Construction drawings — Representation of modtflar sizes, lines and grids.

ISO 11091:1994, Construction dra wings — Landscape drawing practice.

IS 10714 (Part 23):2006
ISO 128-23:1999

3 General principles

The types of lines, their designations and their dimensions as well as general rules for draughting of lines are
specified in ISO 128-20.

The requirements for microcopying are specified in ISO 6428.

4 Types of lines and their applications

The first part of the number is the number of line type in ISO 128-20.

Examples of applications are shown in annex A.

Table 1 — Types of lines and their application

Description and Reference to

No. Application
representation 1s0
01.1 Continuous narrow .1 boundaries of different materials in view, cut and section 7519
line (alternatively, see 01.2.2)

.2 hatching 4069

.3 diagonals for indication of openings, holes and recesses 7519

.4 arrow lines in stairs, ramps and sloping areas 7519

1
.5 modular grid lines, first stage (if necessary, other colour than 8560
outlines)

.6 short centrelines —

.7 extension lines 129

.8 dimension lines and their terminators 129

.9 leader lines 129

.10 existing contours on landscape drawings (alternatively, see 11091

02.1.1)

.11 visible outlines of parts in view (alternatively, see 01 .2.3) —

.12 simplified representation of doors, windows, stairs, fittings etC. 7519

(alternatively, see 01.2.4)

.13 framing of details —

Continuous narrow .14 limits of partial or interrupted views, cute and sections, if the —
lines with zigzags limit is not a line 04.1 (alternatively, see 04.1.6)
A

2
 IS 10714 (Part 23):2006
ISO 128-23:1999

Tabiel (continued)

Description and Reference to

No. Application
representation 1s0
01.2 Continuous wide line .1 visible outlines ofpatis incutand section when hatching is ‘ 7519
used

.2 boundaries of different materials in view, cut and section —

(alternatively, see 01.1 .1)

.3 visible outlines of parts in view (alternatively, see 01.1.11) 7519

.4 simplified representation of doors, windows, stairs, fittings etc. 7519

(alternatively, see 01.1 .12)

.5 modular grid lines, second stage (if necessary other colour 8560
than outlines)

.6 arrow lines for marking of views, cuts and sections 8048

.7 proposed contours on landscape drawings 11091

01.3 Continuous extra- .1 visible outlines of parts in cut and,section when hatching is not 7519
wide line used

.2 reinforcing bars (see 02.3.1) 3766

.3 lines of special importance —

02.1 Dashed narrow line .1 existing contours on landscape drawings (alternatively, see 11091
01.1.10)

-————————. .2 subdivision of plant beds/grass 11091

.3 hidden outlines (alternatively, see 02.2.1) —

02.2 Dashed wide line .1 hidden outlines (alternatively, see 02.1 .3) —

——— ——

02.3 Dashed extra-wide .1 reinforcing bars in bottom layer on plan and far face layer in 3766
line elevation when bottom and top layers and near and far face
layers are shown on the same sketch
.——

04.1 Long dashed dotted .1 cutting planes (line 04.2 at ends and changes of direction) —
narrow line
.2 centrelines —
—.— .—. — .—
.3 lines of symmetry (identified at the ends by two narrow short —
parallel lines drawn at right angle)

.4 framing of enlarged details —

.5 reference lines —

.6 limits of partial or interrupted views, cuts and sections .

(especially for shorl lines and in narrow situations; see
examples 01.1.2, 01.2.1, 01.3.1, etc., in annex A; alternatively,
see O1.1.14)

3
IS 10714 (Part 23):2006
ISO 128-23:1999

Tablel (continued)

Description and Reference to

No. Application
representation 1s0
04.2 Long dashed dotted .1 cutiing planes (atends andchanges ofdirection; see O4.l.l) —
wide line
.2 outlines of visible parts situated in front of the cutting plane —
—.— .—

04.3 Long dashed dotted .1 seconda~lines forsetiing outandatiitra~ reference lines 4463-1 ;4068
extra-wide line
.2 indication of lines or surfaces to which a special requirement —
—.—
applies

.3 boundary lines for contracts, stages, zones etc. .

05.1 Long dashed double- .1 alternative and extreme positions of movable parts —
dotted narrow line
.2 centroidal line —
—..— ..—.. — ..—
.3 outlines of adjacent parts —

05.2 Long dashed .1 outlines of hidden parts situated in front of the cutting plane —
double-dotted wide
line
—.. — ..—

05.3 Long dashed .1 reinforcing prestressed bars and cables 3766

double-dotted
extra-wide line

—.. —

07.1 Dotted narrow line .1 outlines of parts not included in the project —

................ ..... . . . ..

5 Line widths

On a construction drawing three line widths, narrow, wide and extra-wide, are normally used (see Table 2).

The proportions between the line widths are 1:2:4.

A special line width is used for representation and lettering of graphical symbols..This line width is situated between
the width of the narrow and the wide line.

*
 IS 10714 (Part 23):2006
ISO 128-23:1999

Table 2 — Line widths

Dimensions in millimetres

Line widths for

Line group Narrow line Wide line Extra-wide line
graphical symbols
0,25 0,13 0,25 0,5 0,18

0,35 0,18 0,35 0,7 0,25

0,5 0,25 0,5 1 0,35

0,7 0,35 0,7 1,4 0,5

1 0,5 1 2 0,7

The line widths shall be chosen according to the type, size and scale of the drawing and the requirements at
microcopying and other methods of reproduction.

5
IS 10714 (Part 23):2006
ISO 128-23:1999

Annex A
(informative)

Examples of application

Examples of the application of the different types of lines, along with the corresponding reference numbers from
clause 4, are given in Table A.1.

Table A.1 — Examples of application

 IS 10714 (Part 23):2006
ISO 128-23:1999

Tabla A.1 (continued)

No. Line type Example of application

01.1.6 Short centrelines

WLineOl.1

01.1.7 Extension lines

01.1.8 Dimension lines and their terminators

Line 01,1
01.1.9 Leader lines
Line 01.1

31.1.10 Existing contours on landscape

33
drawings

-Line 0’”

01.1.11 Visible outlines of parts in view

(alternatively, see 01 .2.3)

Line 01.1

~lll!

)1.1.12 Simplified representation of doors,

windows, stairs, fittings etc.
(alternatively, see 01.2.4)

?J!Y!!P

Ooor Window

01.1.13 Framing of details

Line 01.1

01.1.14 Limits’of partial or interrupted views,

cuts and sections, if the limit is not a
line 04.1
Line 01.1 with zigzags

D ?<
IS 10714 (Part 23):2006
ISO 128-23:1999

Table A.1 (continued)

No. Line type Example of application

01.2 Continuous wide line

)1.2.1 Visible outlines of parts in cut and

section when hatching is used

Line 01.2
IZZZ
Line 04.1

)1 .2.2 Boundaries of different materials in

view, cut and section
—.. Line 01.2

—..
..—
1ETf’J[ Line Ok.1

)1 .2.3 Visible outlines of parts in view

(alternatively, see 01.1.11)

Line 01.2

Kill

01.2.4 Simplified representation of doors,

windows, stairs, fittings etc. ‘1
(alternatively, see 01.1 .12)

\lwLineo’”’

Cloor Window

01.2.5 Modular grid lines, second stage

Line 01.2

01.2.6 Arrow lines for marking of views, cuts —. .—

and sections

K Line 01.2

01.2.7 Proposed contours on landscape

drawings

aLineo12
 IS ‘i0714(Patt 23):2006
ISO 128-23:1999

Table A.1 (continued)

No. Line type Example of application

01.3 Continuous extra-wide line

11.3.1 Visible outlines of parts in cut and

section when hatching is not used ._.= ‘in’ 04”’

N .—. — .—. Line 01.3

Vertical section of a wall

11.3.2 Reinforcing bars

02.1 Dashed narrow line

12.1.1 Existing contours on landscape -—_

-.= 33 /-
drawings (alternatively, see 01.1 .10) ‘. -—.
Line 02.1
---
..?:_// 7 -

D2.1 .2 Subdivision of plant bedslgrass

/’ //
/
/ /
,/ / /
/’
/ Line 02.1
/ /“
&

02.2 Dashed wide line

02.2.1 Hidden outlines

1~~:: ‘..

02.3

02.3.1
Dashed extra-wide line

Reinforcingbars in bottom layer on

plan and far face layer in elevation
when bottom and top layers are shown
on the same sketch

rk.>, ——
Line 02.3

9
IS 10714 (Part 23):2006
ISO 128-23:1999

Table A.1 (continued)

No. Line type Example of application

04.1 Long dashed dotted narrow line

04.1.1 Cutting planes (drawn with line 04.2 at

ends and changes of direction) I I

* Line 06,1 1+

Line @g
04.2 , Line Ok.1

e Line 04.2 +

04.1.2 Centrelines \ I
I Line 04.1

_.—. i<. :

04.1.3 Lines of symmetry *

Line 04.1

~!

—. —._. —.
04.1.4 Framing of enlarged details
“1
I
Line 04.1

~>1
— .—. — .—. J

04.1.5 Reference lines

Line 01.1

.-.-.L2i:04”’
d

04.2 Long dashed dotted wide line

04.2.1 Cutting planes (drawn with line 04.2 at

ends and changes of direction; the rest I !“
is drawn with line 04.1)
1+ Line 04.1 1+

@I

Line Qg
04.2 . Line 04.1

+ Line 04,2 +
 I
IS 10714 (Part 23):2006
ISO 128-23:1999

Table A.1 (continued)

No. Line type Example of application

)4.2.2 Outlines of visible parts situated in

Column
front of the cutting plane
Beam

~- - += ‘in’ 04’
I&
l-- “ -+
F Line 04.2

04.3 Long dashed dotted extra-wide line

)4.3.1 Secondary lines for setting out and

arbitrary reference lines

<-:–

)4.3.2 Indication of lines or surfaces to which

a special requirement applies

I I

04.3.3 Bounda~ lines for contracts, stages,

zones, etc.

r“+”ne 0’3

>Lnd n

Site plan

05.1 Long dashed double-dotted narrow

Iiu

05.1.1 Alternative and extreme position of Line 05,1

—.. — ... ..
movable parts r 1

I {
Line 04.1
i I

b 6
L.._..—.._..J

05.1.2 Centroidal lines

Line 04,1
~ ~:._..T:y

Line 05.1

05.1.3 Outlines of adjacent parts p. L@e 04.1

,1

L K

< Line 05.1

11
 I
IS 10714 (Part 23):2006
ISO 128-23:1999

Table A.1 (continued)

No. Line type Example of application

05.2 Long dashed double-dotted wide

line

05.2.1 Outlines of hidden parts situated in Line 04.2 Line 04.1

front of the cutting plane
I
,,
Line 05.2
..
.
..
~“<
j
I

05.3 Long dashed double-dotted extra-

wide line

05.3.1 Reinforcing prestressed bars and

cables

..z’ine 0’”3

Y Line 01.1

07 Dotted narrow line

07.1 Outlines of parts not included in the

project
O“”””””””””””””<’ine 07”1
........................ 1,
1’

f
 IS 10714 (Pati 44) :2006
ISO 128-44:2001

Indian S#andard
P
TECHNICAL DRAWINGS — GENERAL PRINCIPLES
OF PRESENTATION
PART 44 SECTIONS ON MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DRAWINGS

1 Scope

This part of ISO 128 specifies general principles for presenting sections on mechanical engineering drawings
following the orthographic projection methods specified in ISO 5456-2. For areas on sections, representation is
according to ISO 128-50[11.

Attention has also been given to the requirements of reproduction, including microcopying in accordance with
ISO 6428.

NOTE The basic rules for cuts and sections are given in ISO 128-40[21.

2 Normative references ‘

The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisionsof
this part of ISO 128. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications
do not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this pati of ISO 128 are encouraged to investigate the
possibility of applying the most recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. For undated
references, the latest edition of the normative document referred to applies. Members of ISO and IEC maintain
registers of currently valid International Standards.

ISO 128-20, Technical dra wings — General principles of presentation — Pati 20: Basic conventions for lines.

ISO 128-24:1999, Technical drawings — General principles of presentation — Part 24: Lines on mechanical
engineering drawings.

1S0 128-40, Technical drawings — General principles of presentation — Part 40: Basic conventions for cuts and
sections.

ISO 5456-2, Technical dra wings — Projection methods — Part 2: Orthographic representations.

ISO 6428, Technical dra wings — Requirements for microcopying.

ISO 10209-1, Technics/ product documentation — Vocabulary — Part 1: Terms re/sting to technical drawings:
general and types of.drawings.

ISO 10209-2, Technics/product documentation — Vocabulary — Part 2: Terms re/sting to projection methods.

3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this part of ISO 128, the terms and definitions given in tSO 10209-1 and ISO 10209-2 apply.

1
 IS 10714 (Pati 44) :2006
ISO 128-44:2001

4 General

In principle, ribs, fasteners, shafts, spokes of wheels and the like are not cut in longitudinal sections, and should
therefore not be represented as sections.
.
Like views, sections may be shown in a position other than that indicated by the arrows for the direction of their
viewing.

5 Cutiing planes

A section in one plane is shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2.

A
4
A-A
I

Figure 1 — Section in one plane

2
 IS 10714 (Pati 44) :2006
ISO 128-44:2001

B-B

r
—.
B

Figure 2 — Section in one plane

A section in two parallel planes is shown in Figure 3.

c
c-c

Figure 3 — Section in two parallel planes

3
 IS 10714 (Pati 44) :2006
ISO 128-44:2001

A section in three contiguous planes is shown in Figure 4.

D-D

Figure 4 — Section in three contiguous planes

A section in two intersecting planes, one revolved into the plane of projection, is shown in Figure 5.

E-E

. .

.—. —

Figure 5 — Section in two intersecting planes

4
 ___ , —-. —-_.,.-”__
—-- -------- ..m. -— —. —.-. — .—

IS 10714 (Pad 44) :2006

ISO 128-44:2001

In the case of parts of a revolution containing regularly spaced details

required to be shown in sections but not
situated in the cutting plane, these details may be depicted rotated
into the cutting plane, provided that no
ambiguity can arise (see Figure 6). No additional identification is needed.

Figure 6 — Section of part of revolution with regularly spaced details not in, but roWted into, the cutting
plane

When it is sometimes necessary to position the cutting plane partly outside the object, it is not, however, necessary
to show the long-dashed dotted narrow line of type 04. ? specified in ISO 128-24:1999 (see Figure 7).

F
F-F

Figure 7 — Cutting plane positioned partly outside object

5
 [S 10714 (Pah 44) :2006
ISO 128-4:2001

6 Removed sections

When sections are removed from a view, they shall be placed near that view and connected to it by the long-
. dashed dotted narrow line of type 04.1 specified in ISO 128-24:1999 (see Figure 8).

Figure 8 — Section removed from a view

7 Other sections

For sections revolved in the relevant view, as well as for sections of symmetrical pads and. local sections: according
to ISO 128-40.

8 Arrangement of successive sections

Successive sections may be arranged in a manner-similar to the examples shown in Figures 9 to 11, in as much as
it is suitable for the layout and understanding of the drawing.

Unless they contribute to the clarification of the drawing, outlines and edges behind the cutting plane may be
omitted.

Figure 9 — Successive sections —“Example 1

 B 10714 (Pati 44) :2006
ISO 128-44:2001

I
I
—.— —.— —.— .—. —
I

Figure 10 — Successive sections — Example-2

c-c m150°

3
\L–––––_____J/

Figure 11 — Successive sections — Example 3

7
 IS 10715 ( Part 2 ) : 1999
IS0 6410 - 2 : 1993

lndian Standard
TECHNICAL DRAWINGS - SCREW THREADS AND
THREADED PARTS
PART 2 SCREWTHREAD INSERTS

1 Scope

This part of IS0 6410 specifies methods for the rep-

resentation of screw thread inserts on technical
drawings.

2 Normative references

The following standards contain provisions which,

through reference in this text, constitute provisions Figure 1
of this part of IS0 6410. At the time of publication,
the editions indicated were valid. All standards are
subject to revision, and parties to agreements based
on this part of IS0 6410 are encouraged to investi-
gate the possibility of applying the most recent edi-
tions of the standards indicated below. Members of
IEC and IS0 maintain registers of currently valid
International Standards.

IS0 1261982, Technical drawings - General princi-

ples of presentation.

IS0 6410-1:1993, Technical drawings - Screw Figure 2

threads and threaded parts - Part 1: Genera/ con-
ventions.

3 Representation

3.1 Detailed representation of the true shape

of screw thread inserts

The detailed representation of the true shape of

screw thread inserts (see figures 1 to 3) shall only
be used for illustrations, e.g. in catalogues, and
should be avoided in technical drawings. Figure 3

1
IS 10715 ( Part 2 ) : 1999
IS0 6410 - 2 : 1993

3.2 Conventional representation On an end view, the external and internal crests
shall be shown as a full circle by a continuous thick
Screw thread inserts are usually drawn using a line. The nominal diameter of the internal thread in
conventional representation derived from the assembled condition shall not be shown (see
IS0 6410-l. figure 6).

The outer forms of screw thread inserts vary greatly

4 Designation and dimensioning
depending on the intended purpose, the material,
the manufacturer,. etc., and may not even be
Screw thread inserts shall be designated as given
threaded, but all shall be depicted in the same way.
in the relevant International Standards. If such stan-
Examples are shown in table 1.
dards are not available the designation shall consist
of the designation for the thread, d x P (screw thread
3.3 Simplified representation for which the screw thread insert is intended) fol-
lowed by the letters INS (for insert).
In simplified representation only the essential fea-
tures shall be shown, depending on the kind of EXAMPLE
drawing and the purpose of the documentation.
M30 x 1,5 INS
The simplified representation for screw thread in-
serts should be used whenever possible. When a more general description is sufficient, e.g.
there is an insert placed, the abbreviation INS shall
The principle of simplification is shown in figure4. be indicated (see figures 5 and 6).
Different examples and possible identification for
simplified representation of inserts are shown in ta- NOTE 1 If the thread is coarse, the designation of the
ble 1. pitch, P, may be omitted.

In sections, the outlines of the screw thread insert Additional information (manufacturer’s name, cata-
(external and internal crests) shall be shown by a logue number, etc.) may be added.
continuous thick line (type A, IS0 f28). The nominal
diameter of the internal thread in assembled condi- The designation may be indicated by means of a
tion shall not be shown. The insert itself shall not be leader line (see figure7) or as a dimension (see ta-
hatched (see figure 5). ble 1).

2
 IS 10715 (Part 2) : 1999
IS0 6410 - 2 : 1993

~Hellcal coil insert

Conventtonal
Detailed representation representation

Slmplltied
representation

Conventional
representation
Screwed insert

F-7
-
4
.- -.-
-cl

- I

Detailed representation
d = nominal diameter
d, = external crest dlameter

Figure 4

3
IS 10715 ( Part 2 ) : 1999
IS0 6410-2: 1993

Table 1

Conventional

Insert

INS

in a blind hole

sert

in a blind hole
 IS 10715 (Pat-t 2) : 1999
IS0 6410-2: 1993

Figure 5

w Figure 6

I
1SINS

Figure 7

5
IS : 10716- 1983
IS0 2162- 1973

1 SCOPE AND FIELD OF APPLICATION

This International Standard specifies, by means of examples, the rules for representation of springs on technical drawings.

2 COMPRESSION SPRINGS

circular cross-section

2.2 Cylindrical helical co%

pression spring of wire of
rectangular cross-section

2.3 Conlcal helical com-

pression spfing of wire of
circular cross-section

rectangular Cross-section
(volute spring)

II IT necessary, Indicate ({Wound left (or right) hand,.

If necessary, the cross-section of the spring material may be indicated in words or by a symbol (see 2.1 and 2.2).

2
 IS:10716-1983
IS0 2162- 1973

3 TENSION SPRINGS

spring of wire of circular

cross-section

3.2 Double-conical helical

tension spring of circular
cross-section

4 TORSION SPRINGS

Representation
Title
view section simplified’ )

4.1 Cylindrical helical torsion

spring of wire of circular
cross-section
(Wound right hand)

1) If nomssary, indicate *Wound left (or right) handr.

If necessary, the cross-section of the spring material may be indicated in words or by a symbol (see 2.1 and 2.2).

3
IS:10716-1983
IS0 2162- 1973

5 CUP SPRINGS

Title
view
Representation

section simplified
1
5.1 Cup spring

5.2 Multi-cup spring (cups

placed in the same
direction)

5.3 Multi-cup spring (succes-

sive cups alternating in direction
direction)

6 SPIRAL SPRINGS

Titk T Representation 1
view simplified

6.1 Spiral spring

-.

@
-
6.2 Spiral spring (thespring
is wound by rotating the box)
 IS:10716-1983
IS0 21 Q2- 7973

7 LEAF SPRINGS

7.2 Semi-elliptic leaf spring

with eyelets

7.3 Semi-elliptic leaf spring

with centre band

with eyelet5 and centre band

&NW offset Pm8, oeihi, lnla

 18:10717-1983
IS0 2203-1973

1 SCOPE AND FIELD OF APPLICATION

This International Standard establishes the conventional

representation of the toothed portion of gears including
worm gearing and chain wheels. It is applicable to detail
drawings and assembly drawings.

As a fundamental principle a gear is represented (except in

axial section) as a solid part without teeth, but with the
addition of the pitch surface in a thin long chain line.

NOTE - For uniformity all figures in this International Standard

are in first angle projection (Method E). It should be understood
that the third angle projection (Method A) could equally well have
FIGURE 1
been used without prejudice to the principles established.

2 DETAIL DRAWINGS (INDIVIDUAL GEARS)

2.1 Contours and edges

Represent the contours and the edges of each gear (see

Figures 1, 2 and 31, as if they were,

- in an unsectioned view, a solid gear bounded by the

tip surface;
- in an axial section, a spur gear having two
diametrically opposed teeth, represented unsectioned,
FIGURE 2
even in the case of a gear that does not have spur teeth
or that has an odd number of teeth.

2.2 Pitch surface

Draw the pitch surface with a thin, long chain line, even in
concealed portions and sectional views, and represent it,
- in a projection normal to the axis, by its pitch circle
(external pitch circle in the case of a bevel gear and the
median pitch circle in the case of a worm wheel) (see
Figures I,2 and 3);

- in a projection parallel to the axis, by its apparent

contour, extending the line beyond the gear contour on
each side (see Figures 1, 2 and 3). FIGURE 3

2
 lS:10717-1983.
ISq 2203 - 1973

2.3 Root surface 2.4 Teeth

As a general rule, do not represent the root surface except Specify the teeth profile either by reference to a standard
in sectional views. or by a drawing to a suitable scale.

However, if it seems helpful to show it also on unsectioned If it is essential to show one or two teeth on the drawing
views, always draw it, in this case, as a thin continuous line itself (either to define the ei?ds of a toothed portion or
(see Figures 4, 5 and 6). rack, or in order to specify the position of the teeth in
relation to a given axial plane), draw them as thick
continuous lines (see Figures 5 and 6).

It is necessary to indicate the direction of the teeth of a

gear or rack on the view of the tooth surface in a projection
parallel to the gear axes, three thin continuous lines of the
corresponding form and direction should be shown (see
Table and Figure 7).

TABLE

Tooth system Symbol

Helical to the right

Helical to the left

FIGURE 4

Double helical

Spwal
FIGURE 5

~FIGURE 7

NOTE - If mating gears are represented, the direction of the teeth

FIGURE 6 should be shown on one gear only.
IS:lO717-1983
IS0 2203 - 1973

3 ASSEMBLY DRAWINGS (GEAR PAIRS)

The specified rules for the representation of gears on detail drawings are equally applicable to assembly drawings. However,
for a pair of bevel gears in projection parallel to the axis, extend the line drawn for the pitch surface to the point where the
axes meet (see Figures 9 and 10).

Neither of the two gears of a gear pair is assumed to be hidden by the other in the portion in mesh (see Figure 8). except in
the following two cases :

1) if one of the gears, the whole of which is located in front of the other, effectively conceals part of it (see Figures 9, 10
and 11);

2) if both gears are represented in axial section, in which case one of the two gears, chosen arbitrarily, is assumed to be
partly concealed by the other (see Figure 9).

In these two cases, concealed contour edges need not be represented if they are not essential to the clarity of the drawing (see
Figures 9 and 10).

m---m---

---__--_

I
I
I

FIGURE 8 FIGURE 9

FIGURE 10

4
 18:10717-1983
IS0 2203 - 1973

-t-‘- FIGURE 11
3.1 External engagement of cylindrical gyars
-

$
J-

___ .

f -

I __--
-
-

__. _.

-f -
__.
I

FIGURE 12
3.2 Internal engagement of cylindrical wry
I

FIGURE 13 ’
18:10717-1983
IS0 2203 - 1973

3.3 Engagement of pinion with rack

FIGURE 14

3.4 Engagement of bevel gears, axis intersection at any angle

FIGURE 15
 18:10717-1983
IS0 2203 - 1973

3.5 Engagement with cylindrical worm, in cross-section

FIGURE 16

3.6 Chain wheels

- ---___

...___-

__---- -
___------

FIGURE 17

---

7
Seema Offset Press, Delhi, India
 IS 10720 : 1999
IS0 5261 : 1995

Indian Standard
TECHNICAL DRAWINGS - SIMPLIFIED
REPRESENTATION OF BARS AND
PROFILE SECTIONS
( First Revision )

1 Scope 3 Definitions

This International standard specifies rules comp- For the purposes of this International Standard, the
lementary to IS0 128’1 and IS0 129 for the simplified definitions given in IS0 10209-l apply.
representation of bars and profile sections in as-
sembly and detail drawings concerning, among oth-
ers:

- structural metal work consisting of plates and

sheets, profile sections and compound elements
(including bridges, frameworks, pilings, etc.);
4 Complementary rules for the
- lifting and transport appliances;
simplified representation of bars and
- storage tanks and pressure vessels; profile sections

- lifts, moving stairways and conveyor belts. The simplified representation of bars and profile
sections shall consist of their relevant IS0 designation
2 Normative references followed, if necessary, by the cutting length, separ-
ated by a hyphen. This designation may also be used
The following standards contain provisions which, when filling in an item list (see IS0 7573).
through reference in this text, constitute provisions
of this International Standard. At the time of publi- EXAMPLE
cation, the editions indicated were valid. All standards
are subject to revision, and parties to agreements The simplified representation of an equal leg angle
based on this International Standard are encouraged profile in accordance with IS0 657-1, measuring
to investigate the possibility of applying the most re- 50 mm x 50 mm x 4 mm and having a cutting
cent editions of the standards indicated below. length of 1 000 mm shall consist of the following IS0
Members of IEC and IS0 maintain registers of cur- designation:
rently valid International Standards.
Angle profile IS0 657-l - 50 x 50 x 4 - 1000
IS0 128:1982, Technit& .&awings - General princi-
ples of presentation. If there is no designation specified in an International
Standard or other relevant standard, the designation
IS0 10209-l :1992, Technical product documentation shall be composed of the graphical symbol fcllowed
- Vocabulary - Part 1: Terms relating to technical by the necessan/ dimensions, in accordance with ta-
drawings: general and types of drawings. bles 1 and 2.

1) This International Standard is at present under revision.

IS 10720 : 1999
IS0 5261 : 1995

Table 1

Designation
Description of bar section Dimensions
Graphical symbol Necessary dimensions

:ircular solid section d

Od
9

0
‘ube dxt

;quare solid section b

b
El

cl
;quare hollow section t bxt

b
I+

iectangular solid section bxh

,b C
Ll=+

Rectangular hollow section bxhxt

t
b
Er

iexagonal solid section S

s
EI

0
Hexagonal hollow section t sxt

S
El

Triangular solid section b

b A
4

Semicircular solid section n bxh

 IS 10720 : 1999
IS0 5261 : 1995

Table
_---- -2

Designation
Description of profile
section
Graphical symbol Alternative letter symbol Dimensions

\ngle section L
l-

r-section
T T

l-beam section
I I
H-beam section
H H Characteristic dimensions

Channel section U
c

Z-section Z
I

Rail section
1

Bulb angle section

I

Bulb flat section

I

Table 1 applies to the designation of bar sections. or

EXAMPLE L 89 x 60 x 7 - 500

The simplified representation of a rectangular solid bar The designation shall be positioned in close proximity
section measuring 50 mm x 10 mm and having a to the relevant item (see figures 1 to 3). Figure3 in-
cutting length of 100 mm shall consist of the follow- eludes L-shaped profiles for which the graphical sym-
ing designation: bols are positioned to reflect the arrangement for
assembly.
- 50 x 10-100

Table2 applies to the designation of profile sections, 5 Schematic representation of structural

and indicates which graphical symbols may be re- metal work
placed by upper case letters, if appropriate, for sim-
plification. Compound frames of structural metal work can be
schematically represented by continuous thick lines
EXAMPLE
(type A, IS0 128) indicating the centroidal lines of the
The simplified representation of an angle profile sec- intersecting elements. In this case, the values of the
tion measuring 89 mm x 60 mm x 7 mm and hav- distances between the reference points of the
ing a cutting length ~of 500 mm shall consist of one centroidal lines shall be indicated directly on the rep-
of the following two designations: resented elements (see figure 4).

Closed dimensional chains are permitted. However, in

L 89 x 60 x 7 - 500 the case of cumulative tolerances, equalization via one

of the dimensions shall be indicated.
IS 10720 : 1999
IS0 5261 : 1995

5 xlSO...Ml6 x 45

z E
\ _---_ ____~~_______________~_~_____~_~_____~~_____~~~~~
+._1:
L7Ox7-3500 50 I &
4x100

Figure 1

Figure 2
 IS 10720 : 1999
IS0 5261 : 1995

JL 100x10-5640

Figure 3

2250

-j..
6,, s
o.? h

\ \
3002 2250

? 5
.i-

1750 3000 . 3000 1 2250 .

---

t- 20000
r ~-

Figure 4

5
 U DC 744’4 IS : 11663 - 1986

Indian Standard ( Reaffirmed 1999 )

CONVENTIONAL REPRESENTATIONS OF COMMON

Is1
1 I FEATURES AND MATERIALS ON
TECHNICAL DRAWINGS

I. Scope - Covers conventional representation of some common features and materials on technical
Irawings.

I .1 It does not cover the representation of threaded parts, springs and gears. ’

!. Common Features

!.I Conventional representation is adopted in case where complete delineation of the iart would
nvolve unnecessary drawing time or space. A few typical examples are shown in Table 1 and Fig. 1,

#. Hatching

L.1 Hatching may be used to indicate type of materials in sections.

j.2 tf different types of hatching are used to indicate different materials, the meaning of hatching
ihall be clearly defined on the drawing, or by reference to appropriate standards.

5.3 Convention of representation of some common materials with the aid of hatching are shown in
rable 2.

8.4 Recommended conventions for building materials shall be as specified in KS : 962-1967 ‘Code of
jractice for architectural and building drawings ( first revision )‘.

EXPLANATORY NOTE

IS : 696 ‘Code of practice of general engineering drawings’ was originally published in 1955
jnd was revised in 1960 as a consequence of changeover to metric system of weights and measures.
The second revision of the standard was carried out in 1972 to bring the standard more in line with
‘ecommendation published by the Technical Committee TC 10, Technical drawings of the International
Drganization for Standardization ( IS0 1.

IS0 has published a number of standards on various subjects covered in IS : 696-1972 and
these IS0 standard have been adopted as national standard, thus superseeding the relevant subject
matter covered in IS : 696-1972.

Following standards were published as a measure to harmonize the national standards with
International standards on the subjects mentioned below:

IS : 10715-I 983 Indian standard presentation of threaded parts on technical drawings

IS0 641 O-l 981
IS : 10716-1983 Indian standard rules for representation of springs on technical drawings
IS0 2162-I 973
IS : 10717-I 983 Indian standard conventional representation of gears on technical drawings
IS0 2203- 1973

This standard covers the conventional representation of features and materials covered ir
IS : 696-l 972 which however has not been covered in the standards mentioned above.

Adopted 4 August 1986 Q November 1986, ISI Or 2

I
INDIAN STANDARDS INSTITUTION
MANAK SHAVAN. 3 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG
NEW DELHI 110002

r
IS:11663 -1986

INTERNAL STRAIGHT SIDED

EXTERNAL STRAIGHT SIOEO SPLINE 6x26~32 IS:2610
SPLINE 6x26~32 IS:2610

d
SHAFT -I
HUB

A-A

STRAIGHT SIDED SPLINES IN ASSEMBLY

INTERNAL INVOLUTE SPLINE

EXTERNAL INVOLUTE SPLINE 32X24X 6X 6 HE IS:3665
32~2Lx6Meb IS:3665

SHAFT
HUB

A-A

INVOLUTE SPLINES IN ASSEMBLY

FIG. 1 REPRESENTATION OF SPLINEO AND SERRATED SHAFTS AND HUBS

2
 IS:116634986
TABLE 1 CONVENTIONAL REPRESENTATION OF COMMON FEATURES
( Clause 2.1 )

.
Is:11663 -1986

TABLE 2 CONVENTIONAL REPRESENTATION OF MATERIALS, USING HATCHING

( Clause 3.3 )

Type Convention Material

Steel, cast iron, copper and its alloys,

aluminium~and its alloys, etc

Lead, zinc, tin, white-metal, etc

3lass Glass

////////‘,

F--l
‘X/,X
‘J//l,,/// /,,,
‘// I, /I////,/,
C’,‘, /NJ /I,, /, ,
////I,// ,, Porcelain, stoneware, marble, etc
/,/,‘I’///,,/,<,
/,/,<‘,(‘/,‘,,,, 5

Packing and insulating

material

Asbestos, fibre. felt, synthetic resin products,

paper, cork, linoleum, rubber leather, wax,
insulating and filling materials

r-i
Liquids Water, oil, petrol, kerosine, etc

Wood Wood, plywood. etc

Concrete -

-
Stacked lamination

4
Printed at Printrade, New Delhi, India