FIRST YEAR

IMPORTANT VERY SHORT ANSWERS

BY MR. HAMEED ALI KHAN
M.Sc B.Ed (Ph.D)
*I PHYSICAL WORLD*
1. What is the discovery of C.V. Raman?
Ans: Raman effect
2. What are the fundamental forces in nature?
Ans: a) Strong nuclear force b) Electromagnetic force c) Weak nuclear force d) Gravitational force
3. What is the contribution of S. Chandra Shekhar to Physics?
Ans: - Chnadr Shekhar limit, study of evolution of stars.
4. What is Physics?
Ans: It is the study of basic laws of nature and their applications in different phenomena.
*II UNITS AND MESUREMENTS*
5. Find the relative error in Z, if Z = A4B1/3 / CD3/2
Z   A  1   B   C  3   D 
Ans: The relative error in Z is  4      
Z  A  3 B   C  2 D 
6. Distinguish between accuracy and precision.
Ans: -
Accuracy Precision
i) The accuracy of a measurement is how close the i) It is upto what limit the quantity can be measured
measured value to the true value of the quantity with an instrument.
ii) It depends on errors. ii) It does not depend on errors
7. Distinguish between fundamental units & derived units
Ans: -
Fundamental units Derived units
i) Units of fundamental quantities are known as i) Units of derived quantities are known as derived
fundamental units. units.
8. What are the different types of errors that can occur in measurement?
Ans: Systematic errors & random errors.
9. How can Systematic errors can be minimize or eliminated?
Ans: By improving experimental techniques & by selecting best instruments.
10. Why do we have different units for same physical quantity?
Ans: In Physics we deal with wide range of measurements for physical quantity hence different units are for
same physical quantity.
III MOTION IN A STRAIGHT LINE
11. Give an example where the velocity of an object is zero but its acceleration is not zero.
Ans: - At maximum height for a vertically projected body.
12. How is average velocity different from instantaneous velocity?
uv dx
Ans: - Average velocity is Instantaneous velocity is the velocity of an object at any instant of time V 
2 dt
*IV MOTION IN A PLANE *
13. The vertical component of a vector is equal to its horizontal component. What is the angle made by the vector
with X-axis?
sin 
Ans: - u sin   u cos    1  tan   1    450
cos 
14. Two forces of magnitude 3 units & 5 units act at 600 with eachother. What is the magnitude of their resultant?
Ans: - R= 32 +52 +2x3x5xcos600 ; R= 9+25+15 ; R= 49 ; R=7 units

 
15. If A = A  i  j , what is the angle between the vector & X-axis?
y
Ans: - Tan    450
x
 16. Can a vector of magnitude zero have non-zero components?
Ans: - No
17. What is the acceleration of a projectile at the top of its trajectory?
Ans: - Acceleration due to gravity(g = 9.8 m/s2, vertically downwards
18. If P = 2i + 4j + 14k & Q = 4i + 4j + 10k find the magnitude of P + Q
Ans: P + Q = (2i + 4j + 14k) + (4i + 4j + 10k)
P + Q = 6i + 8j + 24k
|P + Q| = 62  82  242  676  26

*V LAWS OF MOTION *
19. What is inertia? What gives the measure of inertia?
Ans: - The ability of a body to be in the state of rest or in the state of uniform motion. (Inertia means resistance
to change) Mass is the measure of inertia.
20. When a bullet is fired from a gun, the gun gives a kick in the backward direction. Explain.
Ans:- To conserve momentum
21. If a bomb at rest explodes into pieces, the pieces must travel in opposite direction.
Ans: - To conserve momentum
i.e., 0 = m1v1 + m2v2  m1v1 = – m2v2 negative sign indicates the pieces must travel in opposite direction
22. Can the coefficient of friction be greater than one?
Ans: - Yes
23. Why does the car with a flattened tyre stop sooner than the one with inflated tyre?
Ans: - The Rolling frictional force is more in the case of flattened tyre because it has more area of contact. Hence
it stops sooner.
24. What happens to the coefficient of friction if the weight of the body is doubled?
Ans: - It does not change.

VI WORK ENERGY AND POWER

25. Define work power & energy. State their S.I unit.
Ans: - Work: - It is product of force & displacement. Units: - Joule
Energy: - It is the capacity to do work. Units: - Joule
Power: - It is the rate of doing work. Units: - Watt
26. State the relation between kinetic energy & momentum.
p2
Ans: - K .E  p → momentum m → mass
2m
27. Which physical quantity remains constant
i) In an elastic collision ii) In an inelastic collision
Ans: - In an elastic collision law of conservation of momentum & law of conservation of kinetic energy is
satisfied. In an inelastic collision only law of conservation of momentum is satisfied.

*VII SYSTEM OF PARTICLES AND ROTATIONAL MOTION *

28. Is its necessary that a mass should be present at the centre of mass of any system?
Ans: - No, Example: - Uniform ring, hollow sphere
29. Why are spokes provided in a bicycle wheel?
Ans: - To have more moment of inertia.
30. We cannot open or close the door by applying force at the hinges. Why?
Ans: - Radius of gyration is less. Hence moment of inertia is less.
31. By spinning eggs on a table top how will you distinguish a hard boiled egg from a raw eggs?
Ans: - Boiled egg spins faster than the raw egg.

32. Why should a helicopter necessary have two propellers?

Ans: - To conserve angular momentum.
VIII OSCILLATION
33. A girl is swinging seated in a swing? What is the effect on the frequency of oscillation if she stands?
Ans: - Frequency increases
 34. Can a simple pendulum be used in an artificial satellite?
Ans: - No, due to zero gravity
IX GRAVITATION
35. State the unit & dimension of the universal gravitation constant?
Ans: - Unit = N m2 / kg2 Dimensional formula = [M-1 L3 T-2]
36. As we go from one planet to another how will
a) The mass & b) The weight of a body change
Ans: - Mass remains constant. The weight of body changes due to the change in acceleration due to gravity.
37. “Hydrogen is in abundance around the sun but not around Earth”. Explain.
Ans: - The escape velocity on the sun is 620 km/sec & the escape velocity on earth is 11.2 km / sec rms velocity
of Hydrogen is 2 km / sec which is far less than the escape velocity of sun. So hydrogen is in abundance around
the sun & less on earth.
38. What are polar – satellites?
Ans: - They are low altitude satellites. They go around the poles of the earth in a north –south direction.
X MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF SOLID
39. State Hooke’s law of elasticity?
Ans: - Within the proportionality limit the stress applied on a body is directly proportional to the strain.
40. What is poisson’s ratio. Give its theoretical & practical limits?
Ans: - It is defined as the ratio of lateral strain to the longitudinal strain. Theoretical values are lies between -1 &
0.5
Practical values are lies between 0 & 0.5
*XI MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF FLUID *
41. What is meant by hydrostatic paradox?
Ans: The pressure of a liquid is same at all points at the same horizontal level. This is called hydrostatic paradox.
42. Define Viscosity. What are its units & dimensions?
Ans: It is the property of fluid by virtue of which it opposes relative motion between its layers.
Unit – Poise, Dimensions = [ML-1T-1]
43. What is the principle behind the carburetor of an automobile?
Ans: Bernoullis principle
44. Give an expression for excess pressure inside liquid drop, soap bubble & air bubble inside liquid.
2S
Ans: Inside a liquid drop, P 
R
4S 2S
In soap bubble P  Air bubble inside liquid = P 
R R
45. What is Magnus effect?
Ans: - The dynamic lift due to spinning is called Magnus effect.
46. Why drops & bubbles are spherical?
Ans: - Due to surface tension.
47. What is angle of contact? Give its values for pure water & mercury?
Ans: - It is depend as the angle between the tangent drawn to a liquid surface at the point of contact & solid
surface inside the liquid is known as angle of contact. For mercury – 1400, For pure water - 00
48. State Bernoulli’s theorem. Give any two examples that obey Bernoulli’s theorem.
Ans: - In a stream line flow the sum of pressure energy, kinetic energy & potential energy per unit mass remains
constant.
Ex: Motion of spinning ball in air, takeoff of aeroplane
49. When water flows through a pipe which of the layers moves fastest & slowest?
Ans: Layer at the center of pipe move fastest, layers in contact with surface of pipe is slowest.
*XII THERMAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER *
50. What are the lower & upper fixing points in Celsius & Fahrenheit scales?
Ans: - In centigrade scale 00C is lower fixed point & 1000C is upper fixed point. In Fahrenheit scale, 320F is lower
fixed point & 2120F is upper fixed point.
51. Can a substance contract on heating? Give an example.
Ans: - Yes. Rubber, cast iron
 52. Why gaps are left between two rails on a railway track?
Ans: - To allow the linear expansion during summer.
53. Why do liquids have no linear & areal expansion?
Ans: - Because they does not have a proper shape & size. And they expand in volume as a whole.
54. Why utensils are coated? Why the bottom of utensils are made of copper?
Ans: - Black bodies are good absorbers of heat. And copper is a good conductor of heat
55. State Wein’s displacement law.
Ans: - m T = constant
56. Ventilators are provided in room just below the roof. Why?
Ans: - Hot air escapes through them due to convection.
57. Define coefficient of thermal conductivity & temperature gradient.
Ans: - It is defined as the quantity of heat energy flowing per second between the opposite faces of cube of unit
side. Which are maintaining the unit temperature difference is coefficient of thermal conductivity.
Temperature gradient: - The change of temperature per unit length of conductor is called temperature gradient.
58. What is green house effect global warming?
Ans: - When the earth receives sun light, it gets heated up & emits informed radiation into air. CO2, CH4, N2O, O3
chloroform carbon present in the atmosphere absorbs the heat content of infrared radiation & keeps the
earthworm. This is called green house effect.
Global warming: - As CO2 content increases heat is retained in the atmosphere & the temperature all over the
world increases. This is called Global warming. Due to this, polar ice caps melt & fed more water in rivers & seas
and results in sever flood. In some areas severe draughts may occur due to scarcity of water.
59. Define absorptive power of a body. What is the absorptive power of a perfect black body?
Ans: - It is the ratio of amount of radiant energy absorbed to the amount of radiant energy incident in a
wavelength range is called absorptive power at that temperature & wavelength absorptive power of a perfect
black body is 1.
60. The roofs of the building are often pointed while during summer. Why?
Ans: - Because it reflects more radiations & absorbs less heat radiation.
*XIII THERMODYNAMICS *
61. Define thermal equilibrium & Zeroth law of thermodynamics.
Ans: - Two bodies are said to be in thermal equilibrium when there is no transfer of heat between them.
If A is in thermal equilibrium with B & B is thermal equilibrium with C then A & C are also at thermal equilibrium.
62. A thermos flask containing liquid is shaken vigorously. What happens to its temperature?
Ans: - Temperature increases
63. Can a room be cooled by leaving the door of an electric refrigerator open?
Ans: - No
*XIV KINETIC THEORY *
64. The absolute temperature of a gas increased by 3 times. What will the increase in rms velocity of the gas
molecule?
3k BT
Ans: Vrms 
m
V1rms T T 1
 1    V2rms  V1rms  3 1  0.732
V2 rms T2 3T 3
65. Define mean free path.
Ans: - The average distance a molecule can travel without colliding is called mean free path.
66. When a real gas does behaves as an ideal gas?
Ans: - At low pressure & high temperature
67. State Dalton law of partial pressure.
Ans: - The total pressure exerted by a mixture of non reacting gases occupying a vessel is equal to the sum of the
individual pressure of each gas if it alone occupies the whole vessel.
68. Explain the concept of degree of freedom of molecules of a gas.
Ans: - It indicate the number of independent motion which the particle can undergo.
Monatomic gas has 3 degree of freedom.
Diatomic gas has 5 degree of freedom, Triatomic gas has 6 degree of freedom