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Exercise Prescription and Management

Physical education plays a vital role in students' holistic development through physical activities that build confidence, values, and potential. Exercise prescription involves developing a specific plan of fitness activities designed for a person's needs and goals. It considers the individual's health, fitness level, and preferences to safely and effectively integrate exercise principles and motivation techniques. Prescription is based on five principles - type, duration, frequency, intensity and volume - to structure a physical activity program at levels appropriate for the individual.

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Sittie Aisah Ampatua
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© © All Rights Reserved
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233 views

Exercise Prescription and Management

Physical education plays a vital role in students' holistic development through physical activities that build confidence, values, and potential. Exercise prescription involves developing a specific plan of fitness activities designed for a person's needs and goals. It considers the individual's health, fitness level, and preferences to safely and effectively integrate exercise principles and motivation techniques. Prescription is based on five principles - type, duration, frequency, intensity and volume - to structure a physical activity program at levels appropriate for the individual.

Uploaded by

Sittie Aisah Ampatua
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PED 001

EXERCISE PRESCRIPTION AND


MANAGEMENT

Overview
Physical Education is viewed as one of the most essential subjects in school’s
curriculum. As a matter of fact, the Philippine government have had realized its
purpose and made it as requirement to both public and private schools as
stated in Article 14, Section 19 of the 1987 Constitution.

As such, Physical Education plays a vital role in holistic development of every

individual. Through series of physical activities, it will enable us to show


confidence, develop acceptable values and reach our full potential. Fitness,
games and sports are primary topics that are often taught in Physical
Education.

These key areas are somewhat valuable to focus into as it allows us to acquire
new skills and develop our talent especially in sports. Through active
participation in worthwhile and fun physical activities, we will be able to
appreciate its relevance and importance to the ever-changing demands of our
society. Physical Education equips us in such ways as it enables us to be more
prepared in real-life situations.
UNIT 1
Background
Exercise prescription commonly
refers to the specific plan of fitness-
related activities that are designed
for a specified purpose, which is
often developed by a fitness or
rehabilitation specialist for the
client or patient. Due to the specific
and unique needs and interests of
the client/patient, the goal of exercise prescription should be
successful integration of exercise principles and behavioral techniques
that motivates the participant to be compliant, thus achieving their
goals.

Components of exercise prescription


 Type of exercise or activity (eg, walking, swimming, cycling)

Note: Prescription is an under-utilized tool for improving community


health. In the right dose, physical activity can help to prevent, treat, and
manage a range of chronic health conditions  that increasingly impact the
quality of life and physical function of individuals on a global scale.

Safe and effective exercise prescription requires careful consideration for the
target individual's health status, baseline fitness, goals and preferences.
Several national and international organizations provide clinicians and allied
health professionals with guidelines for how to screen, assess, and, when
appropriate, prescribe exercise for the benefit of their patients/clients.
Pre-exercise Screening
Before starting a physical activity program, the American College of
Sports Medicine (ACSM) and the American Heart Association (AHA)
recommend screening to identify cardiovascular risk factors .
Screenings help mitigate the risk for adverse responses to exercise, as
even moderate physical activity can trigger cardiac events in
individuals who are largely sedentary. With this in mind, two
instruments are recommended to facilitate the risk screening process
for fitness professionals. The most commonly used questionnaire is
the PAR-Q, followed by the Fitness Facility Pre-participation Screening
Questionnaire .

Exercise Prescription

Exercise prescription is based on 5 principles: type, duration, frequency,


intensity, and volume.

Type refers to mode of exercise training, with the main forms


being aerobic  (i.e. endurance training), resistance  (i.e. strength
training), flexibility, and balance. 

The length and number of exercise sessions performed within a


given time frame, are described by duration and frequency,
respectively.

Intensity is defined as the level of effort being exerted by the


participant and can be measured in a variety of ways. Common
measures of aerobic intensity include the following:
 Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion Scale  (RPE)
 Target heart rate: Percent of maximum heart rate  (HR max) or
Karvonen Formula/Heart Rate Reserve (HRR)
 Metabolic Equivalents  (METS)
 Maximum oxygen consumption (VO2 max)
Each measure has guidelines for what parameters denote vigorous,
moderate, and low intensity exercise. The following table offers a
comparison of intensity across multiple measurement methods.

Measurement Low Intensity Moderate Vigorous


Intensity Intensity

Borg RPE scale (0- <5 5-6 ≥7


10)

HR max 50- 63% 64- 76% 77-93%

METS <3 3-6 >6

VO2 max 20-39% 40-59% 60-84%

With moderate intensity the patient will have a faster heartbeat, feel
warmer, and breath harder. An example is brisk walking. With
vigorous intensity the patient will get warm quickly, perspire, breath
much harder, and will struggle to maintain a conversation. 

The final principle of exercise prescription is volume. Volume is a sum


of the intensity, frequency, duration, and longevity of a physical
activity program.

Recommendations regarding frequency, time, and intensity have been


established for each type of exercise training.

Type Frequency Intensity Time/Duration Examples


Aerobic 5 days/week Moderate 30 minutes (for Vigorous
(Endurance) 150 minutes per walking, jogging,
week) swimming,
hiking, cycling

Resistance 2-3 days/week 60-70% of 1 rep 8-12 repetitions, Free weights,


(Strength) max (novice), 2-4 sets with 2-3 bodyweight
40-50% of 1 rep minutes rest in exercise,
max (sedentary between calisthenics
person, older
adult)

Flexibility 2-3 days/week Until feeling of Hold 10-30 Ballistic, static,


tightness. seconds, 2-4 times dynamic,
to accumulate 60 proprioceptive
seconds per neuromuscular
stretch facilitation

Balance 2-3 days/week Has not been 20-30 minutes Tai Chi, Yoga
determined.

The way in which these recommendations are applied depends on


multiple factors. In developing a program prescription, health
professionals must consider fitness level, fitness goals, exercise
preferences, equipment availability, and other personal factors that
may impact participation. For example, if a patient or client is starting
at a low level of fitness, an initial program may include low to
moderate intensity, aerobic exercise that the individual enjoys and fits
his or her time schedule to encourage adherence. In addition, the
patient or client may have to work up to meeting the recommended
150 minutes per week.

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