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    DC Motors

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    Julius Andrew
    DC motors convert electrical energy to mechanical energy using magnetic and electric fields. They have a rotor and stator. While early prototypes led to modern motors, the foundations were laid by William Ritchie and Hippolyte Pixii's commutator and Werner Siemens' double-T-anchor. There are several types of DC motors including permanent magnet, separately excited, and self-excited motors like shunt-wound, series-wound, and compound-wound motors. Each has different characteristics for torque, speed and applications.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    DC Motors

    Uploaded by

    Julius Andrew
    139 views7 pages
    DC motors convert electrical energy to mechanical energy using magnetic and electric fields. They have a rotor and stator. While early prototypes led to modern motors, the foundations were laid by William Ritchie and Hippolyte Pixii's commutator and Werner Siemens' double-T-anchor. There are several types of DC motors including permanent magnet, separately excited, and self-excited motors like shunt-wound, series-wound, and compound-wound motors. Each has different characteristics for torque, speed and applications.

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    DC Motors

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    DC motors convert electrical energy to mechanical energy using magnetic and electric fields. They have a rotor and stator. While early prototypes led to modern motors, the foundations were laid by William Ritchie and Hippolyte Pixii's commutator and Werner Siemens' double-T-anchor. There are several types of DC motors including permanent magnet, separately excited, and self-excited motors like shunt-wound, series-wound, and compound-wound motors. Each has different characteristics for torque, speed and applications.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    139 views7 pages

    DC Motors

    Uploaded by

    Julius Andrew
    DC motors convert electrical energy to mechanical energy using magnetic and electric fields. They have a rotor and stator. While early prototypes led to modern motors, the foundations were laid by William Ritchie and Hippolyte Pixii's commutator and Werner Siemens' double-T-anchor. There are several types of DC motors including permanent magnet, separately excited, and self-excited motors like shunt-wound, series-wound, and compound-wound motors. Each has different characteristics for torque, speed and applications.

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    DC MOTORS

    INTRODUCTION

    Motors
    ➢ Electric motor is an electro-mechanical machine which converts electrical energy into
    mechanical energy. In other words, the device which produces rotational force is known
    as the motor. The working principle of the electric motor mainly depends on the
    interaction of magnetic and electric field.The electric motor is mainly classified into two
    types. They are the AC motor and the DC motor.

    History of Motors
    ➢ CATALYSTS FOR THE INVENTION OF MOTORS
    ○ With the invention of the battery (Allessandro Volta, 1800), the generation of a
    magnetic field from electric current (Hans Christian Oersted, 1820) and the
    electromagnet (William Sturgeon, 1825) the foundation for building electric
    motors was laid.

    ➢ FIRST ROTATING DEVICE


    ○ The first rotating device driven by electromagnetism was built by the Englishman
    Peter Barlow in 1822 (Barlow's Wheel).

    ➢ FIRST REAL ROTATING ELECTRIC MOTOR


    ○ Prussian Moritz Jacobi created the first real rotating electric motor in May 1834
    that actually developed a remarkable mechanical output power.

    ➢ REVERSIBILITY OF ELECTRIC GENERATOR & MOTOR


    ○ In 1833 the German Heinrich Friedrich Emil Lenz published an article about the
    law of reciprocity of the magneto-electric and electromagnetic phenomena, i.e.
    the reversibility of electric generators and motors. In 1838 he provided a detailed
    description of his experiments with a Pixii­generator that he operated as a motor.

    ➢ FIRST PRACTICAL APPLICATION


    ○ In 1835 the two Dutchmen Sibrandus Stratingh and Christopher Becker built an
    electric motor that powered a small model car.

    ➢ FIRST PATENT
    ○ In February 1837 the first patent for an electric motor was granted to the
    US­american Thomas Davenport

    However, all the early developments by Jacobi, Stratingh, Davenport and others
    eventually did not lead to the electric motors we know today.

    The DC motor was not created from these engines, but rather from the development of
    power generators (dynamometers). The foundations were laid by William Ritchie and Hippolyte
    Pixii in 1832 with the invention of the commutator and, most importantly, by Werner Siemens in
    1856 with the Double­T­anchor and by his chief engineer, Friedrich Hefner­Alteneck, in 1872 with
    the drum armature. DC motors still have a dominant market position today in the low power
    (below 1 kW) and low voltage (below 60 V) range.

    DC Motor
    ➢ A DC motor is capable of converting electrical energy into mechanical energy.

    Parts of a DC Motor
    1. Rotor

    a. Shaft

    b. Armature
    c. Brush and Commutator

    2. Stator

    a. Yoke or Frame

    b. Field Windings
    c. Poles

    Types of DC Motors
    1. Permanent Magnet DC Motor
    Permanent magnet DC motor has armature winding like a usual motor but it does
    not have field winding. In this type of dc motor, the radially magnetized permanent
    magnets are placed inside the stator core to generate flux. Whereas the rotor consists of
    a conventional DC armature with commutator segment and brushes.

    2. Separately Excited DC Motor


    In this type of dc motor, the electrical supply is given separately to the field and
    armature winding. In this, the armature current does not flow through the field winding,
    as the field winding is powered by a separate external source of DC current.
    3. Self-excited DC Motor
    In a self-excited type DC motor, the field winding is connected in series or in
    parallel, partly in series or partly in parallel with the armature winding.Self-excited DC
    motors are then divided into 3 types:
    a. Shunt-wound Motor
    A DC shunt motor (also known as a shunt wound DC motor) is a
    type of self-excited DC motor, where field winding is shaken or connected
    parallel to the armature winding of the motor. Because they are connected
    in parallel, the armature and field winding are exposed to the same supply
    voltage.
    b. Series Wound Motor
    In the series DC motors or series wound DC motors, the entire
    armature current flows through the field winding. Usually, this DC motor
    type creates a large amount of starting torque, but it can’t regulate speed,
    and even running with no load can damage it.

    3. Compound Wound Motor


    Compound DC motors or compound wound motors have both
    series and shunt field windings. These types of motors offer good starting
    torque, but they may have control problems in variable speed drive
    applications.
    Compare and Contrast
    SHUNT MOTOR

    ● The field winding is connected in parallel with the armature winding.


    ● The motor produces a constant flux that produces constant speed (flux is directly
    proportional to speed). This is why it is also called or known as the constant flux motor.
    ● It has a medium starting torque that is used for lathes, fans, pumps, driving constant
    speed line shafting and etc.

    COMPOUND MOTOR

    ● Considering that it is a combination of shunt and series, the part of field winding is
    connected in series with the armature winding, while the remaining part of the field
    winding is connected in parallel with the armature winding.
    ● It has variable or adjustable speed motor with high starting torque
    ● Widely used in cranes, elevators, mills,compressors and etc.
    ● Has 2 classifications, short and long shunt or cumulative and differential compound.

    Applications

    DC motors are used as variable speed drives and for the applications in which sever,
    torque variations occur.

    Series DC motors

    ➢ Generally used where high starting torque is required, and speed variations are
    possible. These types of direct connection motors are, for instance, used in the
    traction system, cranes, air compressors, vacuum cleaners, sewing machines,
    etc.

    Shunt DC motors

    ➢ Used for applications where you need constant speed, and the starting conditions
    are not severe. The shunt direct connection motors applications are in lathe
    machines, centrifugal pumps, fans, blowers, conveyors, lifts, waving machines,
    spinning machines, etc.

    Compound DC motors

    ➢ Usually used where you need higher starting torque and relatively constant
    speed. The compound DC motors applications are in presses, shears,
    conveyors, elevators, rolling mills, heavy planners, etc.

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