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Assignment 3

This document contains a homework assignment for an automotive systems course. It includes 4 problems related to designing and analyzing diesel and gasoline engines. Problem 1 involves estimating engine displacement, bore, stroke, maximum rated speed, brake torque, and fuel consumption for a 150kW diesel engine. Problem 2 provides specifications for a 3-cylinder gasoline engine and asks to calculate various parameters at maximum power and torque conditions. Problem 3 asks to calculate the speed at which a 4-cylinder natural gas engine can develop 50kW of brake power under given conditions. Problem 4 involves estimating various time, velocity, volume and length scales for a 1.6L 4-cylinder gasoline engine operating at full load. The deadline for submitting the assignment is February 1

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Chand Patel
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59 views

Assignment 3

This document contains a homework assignment for an automotive systems course. It includes 4 problems related to designing and analyzing diesel and gasoline engines. Problem 1 involves estimating engine displacement, bore, stroke, maximum rated speed, brake torque, and fuel consumption for a 150kW diesel engine. Problem 2 provides specifications for a 3-cylinder gasoline engine and asks to calculate various parameters at maximum power and torque conditions. Problem 3 asks to calculate the speed at which a 4-cylinder natural gas engine can develop 50kW of brake power under given conditions. Problem 4 involves estimating various time, velocity, volume and length scales for a 1.6L 4-cylinder gasoline engine operating at full load. The deadline for submitting the assignment is February 1

Uploaded by

Chand Patel
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MCL321 Automotive Systems

Homework Assignment – 3 (24.01.2022)


Submission deadline: Tuesday 1st Feb 2022, 10 PM

1. You are designing a four-stoke cycle diesel engine to provide brake-power of 150 kW
naturally aspirated at its maximum rated speed. Based on typical values for brake mean
effective pressure 11 bar, maximum mean piston speed of 10 m/s and bsfc = 240 g/kW-h
for such engines, estimate the required engine displacement, and the bore and stroke for
square cylinder geometry and number of cylinders. What is the maximum rated speed
(r.p.m.) for the engine? What would be the brake torque (N.m) and how long 50 liters of
fuel will last at this maximum speed? (assume specific gravity for diesel = 0.85, Tip: Iterate
design assuming different number of engine cylinders, 1, 2, 3 etc.).

2. An automotive engine manufacturer provides the following specifications for the engine:
Three cylinder 4-stroke gasoline engine with bore 80 mm, stroke 90 mm, producing a
maximum power of 70 kW at 5000 rpm, and a maximum torque of 120 N-m at 3500 rpm.
a) When the engine pressure volume cycle (also called indicator diagram) is measured
(using in-cylinder pressure sensor with crank angle) at the condition of maximum
power, and plotted with the x-axis scale of 1 cm = 40 cc and the y-axis scale 1 cm = 1
MPa, the net-total area in the work cycle is 55 cm2. Calculate the indicated MEP,
indicated power, torque and mechanical efficiency at this condition.
b) It is found that at the condition of maximum torque, the fuel consumption is 15
litres per hour of gasoline, whose density is 0.75 kg/litre and lower heating value is
44.5 MJ/kg. Calculate the brake thermal efficiency and bsfc at this condition.
c) Assuming that mechanical efficiency is inversely proportional to square of rpm,
calculate the indicated MEP at max. torque condition and compare with the same at
max. power condition. Comment on the result.

3. Find out the speed at which a four stroke, four-cylinder, engine using natural gas (assumed
as 100% CH4) as fuel can develop a brake power of 50 kW working under following
conditions. Air-to-fuel mass ratio 9:1, calorific value of the fuel = 52 MJ/kg, compression
ratio 10:1, volumetric efficiency = 70%, indicated thermal efficiency = 35%, mechanical
efficiency = 80%, with total engine volume of 2 liters. Take gas constant for air R = Ru/MW,
where Ru = 8314 J/kg/K and molecular weight (MW) of air as 29 kg/kmol.

4. Several velocities, time and length scales are useful in understanding what goes inside
engines. Make estimates of the following quantities for a total 1.6-liter displacement four
cylinder square (B = S) spark-ignited engine, with compression ratio of 10.8, operating at
full load (wide open throttle) at 2500 rpm.
a) The mean piston speed and the maximum piston speed.
b) The maximum incoming air velocity at the intake port, taking port area about 20% of
the piston area. Roughly estimate a minimum allowable area to avoid choking.
c) The time taken for engine operating cycle, and time for intake process, compression
process, combustion process, expansion process and the exhaust process. Take into
account following events: Intake Valve Opens (-20 deg. before TDC), Exhaust Valve closing
(10 deg. after TDC), Intake Valve Closing (15 deg. after BDC), Ignition start (-20 deg. before
TDC), Combustion finishes (20 deg. after TDC), Exhaust valve opening (30 deg. before BDC)
and again above repeats. Notice word “process” and not “stoke” in above.
d) The average velocity (m/s) with which the flame travels across the combustion
chamber, assuming center to cylinder wall propagation.
e) The working fluid volume variation (minimum to maximum) during the combustion
process in percentage. Comment on applicability of the constant volume combustion
assumption and suggest an appropriate thermodynamic cycle.
f) The length of the intake manifold which is filled by one-cylinder charge just before the
intake valve opens and this charge enters the cylinder. That means how far back from the
intake system have to extend to have one-cylinder volume. Neglect pressure difference
between cylinder and intake manifold and take pressure as 1 bar.
g) The length of the exhaust system filled by one-cylinder charge after it exits the cylinder,
assuming an average exhaust gas temperature of 425oC, considering exhaust port area
15% of the piston area. Again, neglect the pressure differences between cylinder and
exhaust manifold and assume process at 1 bar. What is average Mach number in the
exhaust manifold?
Make appropriate assumptions as needed, only approximate answers are required.

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