National University of Sciences and

Technology (NUST)
School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
(SEECS)

Digital Image Processing

Khawar Khurshid 1
 Introduction

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 Schedule

• Class Hours

– Tuesday 9:00am - 11:00am

– Wednesday 10:00am - 11:00am

• Office Hours

– Tuesday 12:00pm - 1:00pm

or By Email

• TAs
– TBD

• Attendance
- Minimum 75% to take the final exam.
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 Distribution - Tentative

• OHTs - 30-35%

• Assignment, Quizzes, Project - 25-30%

• Final - 40%

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 Books

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 Outline (Subject to Modifications)

• Image Fundamentals
• Sampling, Quantization, Interpolation
• Intensity Corrections
• Morphological Operations
• Transforms
• Restoration
• Compression
• Segmentation
• Image Analysis
• Feature Detection and Analysis
• Biomedical Imaging
• Pattern Classification

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 DIP Community

• Conferences
– ACM - Siggraph, Siggraph Asia
– IEEE - International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP)
– IEEE - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR)
– IEEE – International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR)

• Journals
– IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
– IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence

– Specific Journals
• IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging
• IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security

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 Key Elements in DIP

Image Morphological
Restoration Processing

Image
Segmentation
Enhancement

Image Representation
Acquisition & Description

Object
Problem Domain
Recognition

Colour Image Image

Processing Compression

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 Key Elements in DIP

Image Morphological
Restoration Processing

Image
Segmentation
Enhancement

Image Representation
Acquisition & Description

Object
Problem Domain
Recognition

Colour Image Image

Processing Compression

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 Key Elements in DIP

Image Morphological
Restoration Processing

Image
Segmentation
Enhancement

Image Representation
Acquisition & Description

Object
Problem Domain
Recognition

Colour Image Image

Processing Compression

Khawar Khurshid 10
 Key Elements in DIP

Image Morphological
Restoration Processing

Image
Segmentation
Enhancement

Image Representation
Acquisition & Description

Object
Problem Domain
Recognition

Colour Image Image

Processing Compression

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 Key Elements in DIP

Image Morphological
Restoration Processing

Image
Segmentation
Enhancement

Image Representation
Acquisition & Description

Object
Problem Domain
Recognition

Colour Image Image

Processing Compression

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 Key Elements in DIP

Image Morphological
Restoration Processing

Image
Segmentation
Enhancement

Image Representation
Acquisition & Description

Object
Problem Domain
Recognition

Colour Image Image

Processing Compression

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 Key Elements in DIP

Image Morphological
Restoration Processing

Image
Segmentation
Enhancement

Image Representation
Acquisition & Description

Object
Problem Domain
Recognition

Colour Image Image

Processing Compression

Khawar Khurshid 14
 Key Elements in DIP

Image Morphological
Restoration Processing

Image
Segmentation
Enhancement

Image Representation
Acquisition & Description

Object
Problem Domain
Recognition

Colour Image Image

Processing Compression

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 Key Elements in DIP

Image Morphological
Restoration Processing

Image
Segmentation
Enhancement

Image Representation
Acquisition & Description

Object
Problem Domain
Recognition

Colour Image Image

Processing Compression

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 Key Elements in DIP

Image Morphological
Restoration Processing

Image
Segmentation
Enhancement

Image Representation
Acquisition & Description

Object
Problem Domain
Recognition

Colour Image Image

Processing Compression

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 Applications
Of
Image Processing

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 Contrast Enhancement

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 Image Sharpening

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 Color Enhancement

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 Area Classification

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 Geographic Information System

 Manipulation of Satellite Imagery

 Terrain Classification

 Weather Imaging

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 Digital Elevation Model

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 Image Segmentation

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 Industrial Automation

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 Medical Imaging

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 Face Detection

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 Face Tracking

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 Morphing

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 Morphing

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 Sign Language/Gesture Recognition

British Sign Language Alphabet

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 Lip Reading

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 Emotion Classification

 Implicit customer feedback

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 Biometrics

 Physiological Biometrics
 Face, IRIS, DNA, Finger Prints

 Behavioral Biometrics
 Typing Rhythm, Handwriting, Gait

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 Text Recognition

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 Automated Mail Sorting

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 Content Based Video Retrieval

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 Common Operations on Images

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 Common Operations on Images

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 Common Operations on Images

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 Introduction

• An image is a 2-dimensional function fxy where x and y

are the spatial coordinates, and fxy is the intensity of
the image at that point.

• A digital image is the representation of a continuous

image f(x,y) by a 2-d array of discrete samples. The
amplitude of each sample is quantized to be
represented by a finite number of bits.

• Each element of the 2D array of samples is called a

pixel (for ‘picture element’)
– Color Images have 3 values per pixel.
– Monochromatic Images have 1 value per pixel.

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 Types of Images

– Binary

– Gray Scale

– Color

– Indexed

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 Image Storage Requirements

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 Intensity Resolution

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 Intensity Resolution

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 Image Representation

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 RGB -> Gray -> Binary
B = im2bw(G, level);

Level = 0.1

I = imread(‘rain.jpg’) I -> 480x720x3

Level = 0.3

Level = 0.5

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G = rgb2gray(I); 48
 R-G-B Color Components

G = I;
G(:,:,1) = 0;
G(:,:,3) = 0;

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 R-G-B Color Components

RGB -> RBG

I(:,:,2) = B(:,:,3);
I(:,:,3) = G(:,:,2);
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 Resolution

• How many samples and gray levels are required for a

good approximation?

• Quality of an image depends on number of pixels and

number of gray-levels.

• The more these parameters are increased, the closer

the sampled/quantized array approximates the original
image.

• But storage and processing requirements increase

rapidly as a function of N, M, and k.

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 Resolution

Depends on what is in the image and what you would like

to do with it.

The picture on the right is fine for counting the number of cars,
but not for reading the number plate.

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 End
Introduction

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