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Lesson 2: Object Oriented Analysis and Design

This document provides an overview of object oriented analysis and design. It discusses key concepts like objects, classes, class diagrams and the three phases of object oriented development: analysis, design and implementation. The analysis phase involves identifying the objects and their relationships. In design, the objects are associated according to their intended relationships. Finally, implementation creates the design using an object oriented language. An example of applying these concepts to a library management system is also provided.

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Zak Ryder
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96 views

Lesson 2: Object Oriented Analysis and Design

This document provides an overview of object oriented analysis and design. It discusses key concepts like objects, classes, class diagrams and the three phases of object oriented development: analysis, design and implementation. The analysis phase involves identifying the objects and their relationships. In design, the objects are associated according to their intended relationships. Finally, implementation creates the design using an object oriented language. An example of applying these concepts to a library management system is also provided.

Uploaded by

Zak Ryder
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lesson 2: Object oriented analysis and design

2.1. Introduction
In this lesson, you will learn about object oriented analysis and design.
2.2. Lesson objectives
By the end of this lesson, you will be able to
2.3. Lesson outline
This lesson is structured as follows:
2.1. Introduction
2.2. Lesson objectives
2.3. Lesson outline
2.4. Object oriented analysis and design concepts
2.5. Object oriented analysis
2.6. Object oriented Design
2.7. Object oriented implementation
2.8. Revision questions
2.9. Summary
2.10. Suggested reading

2.3. Object oriented and analysis concepts


[a]. Object oriented analysis and design: This is a system analysis and
design methodology which supports bottom-up and top-down
approaches (functional decompositions).Can also be defined as a
software engineering approach that models a system as a group of
interacting objects.
[b]. Object oriented analysis: This is a method of analysis in which
system requirements are identified in terms of objects and their
interactions.
[c]. Object oriented design: A method of realizing system
requirements in terms of classes, class hierarchies and their
interrelationship.
[d]. Object Orientation: This is about viewing and modeling the
world/system as a set of interacting and interrelated objects.
[e]. Class: Can be defined as template for creating objects. Refer to
collection of objects with similar characteristics. In a scenario, a class is
modeled as a noun. Example employee, student, book, lecturer etc.
[f]. Object: This is an instance of a class. Examples of objects in class
employee can be Jane, john etc.
[g]. Class diagram: In modelling a class is represented as a rectangle
with three compartments.
2.4. Object oriented analysis and design
Object oriented analysis can be defined as investigation and to be more
specific it is the investigation of object. Object oriented design means
collaboration of identified object. It is important to understand the object
oriented analysis and design concepts. Now the most important purpose of
object oriented analysis is to identify object of a system to be designed. This
analysis is also done for an existing system. Now an efficient analysis is only
possible when we are able to start thinking in a way where objects can be
identified. After identifying the objects their relationships are identified and
finally the design is produced.
So the purpose of object oriented analysis and design can describe as:
• Identifying the object of a system.
• Identify their relationships.
• Make a design which can be converted to executables
using OO languages. There are three basic steps where the OO
concepts are applied and implemented. The steps can be defined as:
• Object oriented analysis
• Object oriented design
• Object oriented implementation using object oriented
languages Now the above three points can be described in details:

2.5. Object oriented analysis


During object oriented analysis the most important purpose is to identify
objects and describing them in a proper way. If these objects are identified
efficiently then the next job of design is easy. The objects should be
identified with attributes and functions (methods). Each and every object
has some type of responsibilities/methods to be performed. When these
responsibilities are collaborated the purpose of the system is fulfilled.

2.6. Object oriented design


The second phase is object oriented design. During this phase emphasis is
given upon the requirements and their fulfillment. In this stage the objects
are collaborated according to their intended association. After the
association is complete the design is also complete.
2.7. Object oriented implementation
The third phase is object oriented implementation. In this phase the design
is implemented using object oriented languages like Java, C++, and Visual
Basic.NET etc.
Example
In a library management system, a borrower can borrow one or several
books. However, a book can only be issued to one and only one borrower. A
book is describe by bookNo and BookTitle while the borrower is identified by
BorrowerID and BorrowerName.Operations to be performed on the book are
adding a book and search the book while operations on the borrower will be
getting borrower information and displaying borrower information. Object
oriented analysis
Object: Book
• Data: BookNo and BookTitle
• Operations: AddBook and Search
• Object: Borrower
• Data: BorrowerID and BorrowerName
• Operations: getInfo and displayInfo

Object
oriented
design
Produce
the design.
• For each attribute, determine the data type, length (optional) and
visibility.
• For each method, determine the name, argument (optional) and
visibility.
• Determine the associations between the classes.
• The visibilities are private (-), public(+) and protected(#).

Book
Borrower
-BookNo 1..*
-BorrowerID
-BookTitle
-BorrowerName
1..1
+AddBook()
+getInfo()
+Search()
+displaiInfo()

2.8. Object oriented implementation


Using c++ we declare the class. The class will be used to create
the objects. The syntax is as follows:

Class class_name
{
Access
specifier(visibility):
Data member(s);
Member function(s);
};

The details of implementations will follow in the lesson 8.


2.9. Revision questions
[a]. Define the following terminologies as used object oriented
analysis and design i. Object
ii. Object oriented analysis
iii. Object oriented design
[b]. Differentiate between top down and bottom up approaches in
system design [c]. Explain the process of object oriented analysis
and design
2.10. Summary
In this lesson, you have learnt about object oriented analysis and design; the
phases involved in object oriented analysis and design- object analysis,
object oriented design and object oriented implementation.
2.11. Suggested reading
[1]. Object oriented programming with C++ by E Balagurusamy 3rd ed;
publisher: Tata Mcraw Hill
[2]. Sams teach yourself c++ in 24 hours by Jesse Liberty and
Rogers Cadenhead. [3]. Object oriented programming in c++ by
Joyce Farrel [4]. Object-oriented programming with c++ by
Sourav Sahay.

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