ELEC3130: Electric Machines and Power Systems 5.1 Induction Machines I

ELEC3130 ELECTRIC
MACHINES AND POWER

SYSTEMS
5.1 Induction Machines I
School of Electrical Engineering and Computing

Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment
July 2017
2
Induction Motor Construction
• An induction motor has the same stator structure as a

synchronous machine.
• The induction machine rotor structure can be either a;
– Squirrel cage rotor
– Wound rotor
January 22, 2018

ELEC3130 Electric Machines and Power Systems | www.newcastle.edu.au
3
Squirrel Cage Rotor
conducting bars
Conducting
rings
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Wound Rotor
three phase windings on

the rotor
slip rings
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5
Lorentz Force on the Rotor

• A voltage is induced (e = Blv) in each conductor while it is being cut by
the moving flux (Faraday’s Law), and direction given by Fleming’s right
hand rule.
• Induced voltage cause circulating currents in rotor.
• Circulating currents in a magnetic field produces
a mechanical force (Lorentz force, F = BIl),
direction given by the Left-hand rule.
• Force always acts in a direction to drag the
conductor along with the magnetic field.
Force
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6
Development of Induced Torque in Induction Motor
(a) The rotating stator field BS induces a voltage in the rotor bars;
(b) the rotor voltage produces a rotor current flow, which lags behind the
voltage due to rotor inductance;
(c) the rotor current produces a magnetic field BR lagging rotor current by 90o.
Interaction between BR and BS produces a torque in the machine.
January 22, 2018
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The Concept of Rotor Slip
• Slip speed is defined as the difference between

synchronous speed and rotor speed:
nslip  nsync  nm
Where nslip  slip speed of the machine

nsync  speed of the magnetic field
nm  rotor mechanical speed
nslip nsync  nm
slip  s  
nsync nsync
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The Concept of Rotor Slip
• Frequency of rotor currents

= =
+ =
• Slip is generally small (<3%) therefore rotor current frequency

is very low
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Example 7-1
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Example 7-1
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Example 7-1
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The Transformer Model of an Induction Motor
• Stator resistance is R1, and stator leakage reactance is X1.

• Magnetizing reactance XM, Core Loss Rc
• Rotor resistance is RR, and rotor leakage reactance is XR.
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13
The Transformer Model of an Induction Motor
• Unlike a transformer, in an induction motor, due to the presence

of an air gap, the magnetizing current is significant and its effect
may not be ignored.
• However, the core-loss resistance
may be removed from the
equivalent circuit and its effect
accounted for by including core
losses in our calculations.
The magnetization curve of an induction motor

compared to that of a transformer.
January 22, 2018
14
The Rotor Circuit Model
• Magnitude of the induced voltage in the rotor at any slip
where ELR is the magnitude of the induced rotor voltage at locked-rotor

conditions.
• Frequency of the induced voltage at any slip
• The rotor reactance is given by
where XLR is the locked-rotor rotor reactance.
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• Rotor current flow can be found as
• The rotor effects due to varying rotor

speed as being caused by a varying
impedance supplied with power from
a constant-voltage source ELR
• Equivalent rotor impedance
Rotor circuit model of an

induction motor
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• Rotor equivalent circuit
• Rotor voltage is a constant ELR volts and the rotor impedance ZR,eq
contains all the effects of varying rotor slip.
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The Final Equivalent Circuit
• R1 = Stator resistance/phase
• X1 = Stator leakage reactance/phase
• R2 = Rotor resistance referred to stator/phase
• X2 = Rotor leakage reactance referred to stator/phase
The per-phase equivalent circuit of an induction motor.
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Induction Motor Equivalent Circuit and Phasor
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Power and Torque in an Induction Motor 19
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Example 7-2 20
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Example 7-2 21
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Example 7-2 22
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23
Questions?
January 22, 2018

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ELEC3130 ELECTRIC

MACHINES AND POWER

5.1 Induction Machines I

School of Electrical Engineering and Computing

Induction Motor Construction

• An induction motor has the same stator structure as a

January 22, 2018

Squirrel Cage Rotor

January 22, 2018

three phase windings on

January 22, 2018

Lorentz Force on the Rotor

January 22, 2018

Development of Induced Torque in Induction Motor

The Concept of Rotor Slip

• Slip speed is defined as the difference between

Where nslip  slip speed of the machine

The Concept of Rotor Slip

• Frequency of rotor currents

• Slip is generally small (<3%) therefore rotor current frequency

January 22, 2018

January 22, 2018

January 22, 2018

January 22, 2018

The Transformer Model of an Induction Motor

• Stator resistance is R1, and stator leakage reactance is X1.

January 22, 2018

The Transformer Model of an Induction Motor

• Unlike a transformer, in an induction motor, due to the presence

The magnetization curve of an induction motor

The Rotor Circuit Model

• Magnitude of the induced voltage in the rotor at any slip

where ELR is the magnitude of the induced rotor voltage at locked-rotor

• The rotor reactance is given by

where XLR is the locked-rotor rotor reactance.

January 22, 2018

The Rotor Circuit Model

• Rotor current flow can be found as

• The rotor effects due to varying rotor

Rotor circuit model of an

January 22, 2018

The Rotor Circuit Model

• Rotor equivalent circuit

January 22, 2018

The Final Equivalent Circuit

The per-phase equivalent circuit of an induction motor.

January 22, 2018

Induction Motor Equivalent Circuit and Phasor

January 22, 2018

January 22, 2018

January 22, 2018

January 22, 2018

January 22, 2018

January 22, 2018

ELEC3130 Electric Machines and Power Systems | www.newcastle.edu.au

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