Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
National Capital Region
DIVISION OF CITY SCHOOLS – MANILA
Manila Education Center Arroceros Forest Park
Antonio J. Villegas St. Ermita, Manila

SCIENCE 5

Quarter 2-Week 2-Module 2

Learning Competency:
Describe the parts of the reproductive system

1
 HOW TO USE THIS MODULE

Before starting the module, I want you to set aside other tasks that will
disturb you while enjoying the lessons. Read the simple instructions below
to successfully enjoy the objectives of this kit. Have fun!

1. Follow carefully all the contents and instructions indicated in

every page of this module.
2. Write on your notebook the concepts about the lessons. Writing
enhances learning that is important to develop and keep in mind.
3. Perform all the provided activities in the module.
4. Let your facilitator/guardian assess your answers using the answer
key card.
5. Analyze conceptually the posttest and apply what you have learned.
6. Enjoy studying!

PARTS OF THE MODULE

 Expectations – these are what you will be able to know after

completing the lessons in the module
 Pre-test – this will measure your prior knowledge and the concepts to
be mastered throughout the lesson
 Looking Back to your Lesson – this section will measure what
learnings and skills did you understand from the previous lesson
 Brief Introduction – this section will give you an overview of the lesson
 Activities – this is a set of activities you will perform with a partner
 Remember – this section summarizes the concepts and applications of
the lessons
 Check your Understanding – this will verify how you learned from the
lesson
 Post Test – this will measure how much you have learned from the
entire module

2
 LESSON: THE MENSTRUAL CYCLE AND ITS PHASES

EXPECTATIONS

You may have learned in your past years some facts and concepts about
menstruation. This time, you will deeply understand and be confident in
answering the following questions:

1. What is menstruation and the menstrual cycle?

2. Why and how does it occur?
3. What are the phases of the menstrual cycle?

After going through this module, you are expected to:

 explain the menstrual cycle

 identify and describe the phases of menstrual cycle

 use charts and diagrams in explaining menstrual cycle

 use paragraph completion and flowchart in summarizing the phases

of the menstrual cycle

Let us start your journey in learning more on human reproductive system.

I am sure you are ready and excited to answer the Pretest.
Smile and cheer up!

3
 PRE-TEST

Directions: Read each item carefully and choose the letter of the correct
answer.

1) What does it imply if the girl starts menstruating?

A. The girl is already pregnant.
B. The girl is not capable of getting pregnant.
C. The girl is sick and needs to be cured.
D. The girl is capable of getting pregnant.
2) Why is menstruation considered as a cycle? It is considered a cycle
because _____________.
A. it happens every month.
B. it moves in circle in the uterus.
C. the woman gets pregnant every month.
D. the woman gets pregnant every year.
3) What happens when the matured egg is not fertilized?
A. The girl gets pregnant.
B. The egg goes back to the ovary.
C. The girl will menstruate.
D. The matured egg stays in the fallopian tube.
4) What do you infer when a married woman does not menstruate in the
expected dates?
A. Maybe, she has no more egg cells.
B. Maybe, the egg is not fertilized.
C. Maybe, she is pregnant.
D. Maybe, the egg dies.
5) How often do girls experience menstruation?
A. twice every 30 days C. once every 29 days
B. once every 7days D. once every 28 days
6) How long is one menstrual cycle?
A. 26 days C. 28 days
B. 27 days D. 30 days
7) On which day of the menstrual cycle does the period start?
A. Day 1 C. Day 3
B. Day 2 D. Day 4
8) On which day of the menstrual cycle is an egg released from the ovary?
A. Day 13 C. Day 15
B. Day 14 D. Day 16
9) How long does period usually last in the 28th day cycle?
A. 3 days C. 7 days
B. 5 days D. 9 days

4
 10) Which is not an event in the menstrual cycle?
A. The egg cell is fertilized.
B. The ovaries release a mature egg cell.
C. The lining of the uterus grows and thickens.
D. The uterus breaks and is shed with the unfertilized egg.

Great, you finished answering the questions.

You may request your facilitator to check your work.
Congratulations and keep on learning!

LOOKING BACK TO YOUR LESSON

Directions: Label the parts of a human reproductive system.

A. _________________________

B. _________________________

C. _________________________

D. _________________________

E. _________________________
www.biologycorner.com/anatomy/reproductio
n/reproductive_review.html.

5
 BRIEF INTRODUCTION

Hello kids! How’s your teenage life?

Welcome to this journey of knowing ourselves better especially in this

period of life called puberty. You have known puberty as a stage of life in
which we experience rapid changes in the body prior to adulthood. Among
girls, one of the prominent body changes that may occur is of having
menstruation. Menstruation, also known as “mens” or monthly period causes
drastic changes in all aspects of life among girls. All girls need to understand
the nature of their bodies, specifically on why and how does menstruation
should happen in one’s life.

To fully combat the great curiosity in the minds of teenagers and to set
all things clear about menstrual cycle, this module has been done for you.

As you go along the pages, read them carefully and try to take
down important concepts to fully understand how your body works
especially during on what the girls call as- the Red Day!

The menstrual cycle is the monthly series of changes a woman's body

goes through in preparation for the possibility of pregnancy. Each month, one
of the ovaries releases an egg — a process called ovulation. At the same time,
hormonal changes prepare the uterus for pregnancy. If ovulation takes place
and the egg isn't fertilized, the lining of the uterus sheds through the vagina.
This is the menstrual period.

Menstruation, or period, is normal vaginal bleeding that

occurs as part of a woman's monthly cycle. Every month, your
body prepares for pregnancy. If no pregnancy occurs, the uterus,
or womb, sheds its lining. The menstrual blood is partly blood and
partly tissue from inside the uterus.

6
 Each month during the years between puberty and menopause, a
woman’s body goes through a number of
changes to get it ready for a possible
pregnancy. This series of hormone-driven
events is called the menstrual cycle.
During each menstrual cycle, an egg
develops and is released from the ovaries.
The lining of the uterus builds up. If a
pregnancy doesn’t happen, the uterine
lining sheds during a menstrual period.
Then the cycle starts again.

A woman’s menstrual cycle is

divided into four phases:
https://anjungsainssmkss.wordpress. A woman’s menstrual
com/2011/05/05/menstrual-cycle/
cycle is divided into
four phases: menstrual
 menstrual phase
phase, follicular phase,
 follicular phase ovulation phase and
 ovulation phase
luteal phase.

 luteal phase

The length of each phase can differ from woman to woman, and it can
change over time.

www.youthkiawaaz.com/2020/05/understanding-menstrual-cycle-its-more-than-
just-your-periods/
your-periods/

7
Menstrual phase

This is a woman’s monthly bleeding. During this

period, some eggs begin to mature in the ovaries. As
the eggs develop, the surrounding cells release the
estrogen hormone into bloodstream.
www.menstrupedia.com/articles/
physiology/cycle-phases

Follicular phase
The lining of the uterus starts to grow due
to the hormone estrogen. The endometrium starts to
develop to receive the fertilized egg. The follicle-
stimulating hormone (FSH) increases and in turn
stimulates the growth of the ovarian follicles.
www.menstrupedia.com/articles/
physiology/cycle-phases
Ovulation phase

When a mature egg (ovum) is released from the

ovarian follicle to the nearest fallopian tube during the
menstrual cycle, ovulation occurs. As the egg moves
down the fallopian tube over several days, the lining of
the uterus continuous to grow thicker and thicker. It
takes 3 to 4 days for the egg to travel toward the uterus
in this stage, fertilization may take place, thus
pregnancy is possible.
www.menstrupedia.com/articles
/physiology/cycle-phases

Luteal phase

After ovulation occurs, the follicle develops into

a hormone-producing structure called corpus luteum,
a yellow structure in the ovary that produces estrogen
and large amounts of progesterone. This hormone
signals the uterus to thicken to provide nutrients for the
coming baby if in case a sperm fertilizes the egg. If
fertilization did not take place, the thickening of the
uterus breaks down and comes out of the body through
menstruation. The menstrual cycle repeats, after
approximately 28 days.
menstrupedia.com/articles/phys
iology/cycle-phases

8
 DID YOU KNOW?
Because sperm can live up to five days, pregnancy can occur if a
woman has sex as much as five days prior to ovulation.

ACTIVITY 1

Directions: Label the phases of menstrual cycle in a diagram.

www.youthkiawaaz.com/2020/05/understanding-menstrual-cycle-
its-more-than-just- your-periods/

ACTIVITY 2

Directions: Study and analyze how the Menstrual Cycle happens. Identify
the phases of menstrual cycle if an egg is not fertilized. When does ovulation
begin?

https://anjungsainssmkss.wordpress.com/2011/05/05/menstrual-cycle/

9
 Answer the following questions:

1. In what date when the lining breaks down?

____________________________________________________________________

2. In what date when the lining thickens again?

____________________________________________________________________

3. In what date when the ovulation occurs?

____________________________________________________________________

4. In what date when uterine lining continues to thicken?

____________________________________________________________________

5. How often does menstrual cycle happen?

_____________________________________________________________________

ACTIVITY 3

Directions: Which phase of the menstrual cycle is being referred to? Write
the phase before the number. One phase can be used twice.

follicular phase ovulation phase

luteal phase menstrual phase

Menstrual Phase Description

1. A new egg cell starts to mature within the ovary.
2. The endometrium becomes thicker in
preparation for the implantation of the fertilized
egg.
3. The mature egg is released.
4. Uterine linings begin to break down and
bleeding results.
5. The mature egg travels from the ovary to the
uterus.
6. The mature egg moves to the surface of the
ovary just before the mid-cycle.
7. An egg in the ovary continues to mature.
8. The next menstrual cycle is then about to begin.
9. The lining of the uterus becomes thin after
bleeding.
10. Pregnancy may be possible.

10
ACTIVITY 4

Directions: Match the illustration of menstrual cycle in column A with its

description in column B. Write the letter before the number.

A B
______ 1. Luteal Phase
A. Uterus sheds its inner lining
Menstrual flow

_______2. Ovulation Phase

B. Starts on the first day of the
period. Endometrium starts to
develop

________3. Follicular Phase

C. One matured egg cell will be

release from the ovaries.

D. It keeps the uterine lining

________4. Menstrual Phase thick and ready for a fertilized
egg to implant.

11
ACTIVITY 5

Direction: Use the words in the box to fill in the blanks.

uterus fertilized cervix egg cell

28 days ovary blood vessels menstruation

In the menstrual cycle, the (1) __________ releases an (2) __________ every (3)
__________. Each time an egg is released, the (4) __________ must prepare itself
for a fertilized egg. A thick lining full of (5) __________ slowly develops. If the
egg or the ovum is not fertilized, it passes out of the uterus. The uterus lining
will begin to break down and exit through the vagina. This process is called
(6) __________ otherwise known as a “monthly period”.

12
 REMEMBER

 The four phases of the menstrual cycle are menstruation, the follicular
phase, ovulation and the luteal phase.

 The menstrual cycle is the monthly series of changes a woman's body

goes through in preparation for the possibility of pregnancy.

 Menstruation, or period, is normal vaginal bleeding that occurs as part

of a woman's monthly cycle. It happens when the egg cell is not fertilized
by the sperm cell.

 Ovulation is the release of eggs from the ovaries. In women, this event
occurs when the ovarian follicles rupture and release the secondary
oocyte ovarian cells. After ovulation, during the luteal phase, the egg
will be available to be fertilized by sperm.

 The follicular phase, also known as the proliferative phase, is the phase
of the estrous cycle during which follicles in the ovary mature. It ends
with ovulation.

CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING

Directions: Read the short text and do the activity

below. Refer to the illustration to the right to answer
the questions.

Your sister has a normal menstrual cycle.

If she has her first day of menstruation on July 6,
what will be the dates for the following events?

1) The day when the uterine lining was

released from the body.
_________________________________________________________________

2) The days when the uterine wall became thick and spongy.

_________________________________________________________________

3) The period when the matured egg cell will be released from the ovary
to the fallopian tube.

13
 _________________________________________________________________
POST TEST
Directions: Read each item carefully and choose the letter of the correct
answer.

1) What does it imply if the girl starts menstruating?

A. The girl is already pregnant.
B. The girl is not capable of getting pregnant.
C. The girl is sick and needs to be cured.
D. The girl is capable of getting pregnant.
2) Why is menstruation considered as a cycle? It is considered a cycle
because _____________.
A. it happens every month.
B. it moves in circle in the uterus.
C. the woman gets pregnant every month.
D. the woman gets pregnant every year.
3) What happens when the matured egg is not fertilized?
A. The girl gets pregnant.
B. The egg goes back to the ovary.
C. The girl will menstruate.
D. The matured egg stays in the fallopian tube.
4) What do you infer when a married woman does not menstruate in the
expected dates?
A. Maybe, she has no more egg cells.
B. Maybe, the egg is not fertilized.
C. Maybe, she is pregnant.
D. Maybe, the egg dies.
5) How often do girls experience menstruation?
A. twice every 30 days C. once every 29 days
B. once every 7days D. once every 28 days
6) How long is one menstrual cycle?
A. 26 days B. 27 days C. 28 days D. 30 days
7) On which day of the menstrual cycle does the period start?
A. Day 1 B. Day 2 C. Day 3 D. Day 4
8) On which day of the menstrual cycle is an egg released from the ovary?
A. Day 13 C. Day 15
B. Day 14 D. Day 16
9) How long does period usually last in the 28th day cycle?
A. 3 days C. 7 days
B. 5 days D. 9 days
10) Which is not an event in the menstrual cycle?
A. The egg cell is fertilized.
B. The ovaries release a mature egg cell.
C. The lining of the uterus grows and thickens.
D. The uterus breaks and is shed with the unfertilized egg.

14
 REFLECTIVE LEARNING SHEET

Directions: Write a Reflective Learning about the Menstrual Cycle by

answering the questions inside the box. You may express your answers in a
more critical and creative presentations of your great learning. Have fun and
enjoy!

Learning about
Menstrual cycle
guides me to ponder
on _______________.

What is my What learnings have

conclusion on the I found from this
lesson? lesson?

What good character What other

have I developed examples can I
from this lesson? contribute to explore
and think more?

What learnings can I

share with my
family and peers?

15
 REFERENCES

1. www.healthline.com

2. www.youtu.be/cjbgZwgdY7Q

3. Menstrual cycle, www.en.wikipedia.org

4. Menstruation and the menstrual cycle fact sheet,

www.womenshealth.gov

5. What is a menstrual cycle? www.myhealth.alberta.ca

6. Fallarera, Rebecca R. et. al. Science Spectrum, p. 5

7. Larismas, Evelyn T. et. al. The New Science Links Worktext in

Science and Technology, pp. 110-111

8. Lesson Exemplar for Science Grade V by The Science Writing Team

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

DEVELOPMENT TEAM OF THE MODULE

Writers: GUY LYN C. ABELLA, NOEMI N. SANTOS

Editor: Rebecca M. Roxas, EPS
Validator: Medardo T. Mercado, PSDS
Illustrators: (google.com)
Layout Artist: (google.com)
Management Team: Maria Magdalena M. Lim, CESO V, Schools Division
Superintendent
Aida H. Rondilla, Chief Education Supervisor, CID
Lucky S. Carpio, Education Program Supervisor,
LRMS
Lady Hannah C. Gillo, Librarian II, LRMS
Albert James P. Macaraeg, PDO II, LRMS

16
 KEY TO CORRECTION

Looking Back to
Pre-Test Your Lesson

A) EGG CELL IN THE OVARY

1) D
B) FALLOPIAN TUBE
2) A
C) UTERUS
3) C
D) CERVIX
4) C
E) VAGINA
5) D
6) C
7) A Activity 1 Activity 2
8) C
9) B 1) Follicular Phase 1) Day 1-5
10) D 2) Ovulation Phase 2) Day 6-10
3) Luteal Phase 3) Day 11-18
4) Menstrual Phase 4) Day 19-28
5) Menstrual cycle
happens every 28 days

Activity 5
Activity 3
Activity 4
1) OVARY
1) Menstrual
1) D 2) EGG CELL
2) Luteal
2) C 3) 28 DAYS
3) Ovulation
3) B 4) UTERUS
4) Menstrual
4) A 5) BLOOD VESSELS
5) Luteal
6) MENSTRUATION
6) Luteal
7) Ovulation
8) Follicular
9) Follicular
10) Ovulation Post -Test

1) D
2) A
3) C
Check Your Understanding 4) C
5) D
1) Day 1-5 Menstrual Phase 6) C
7) A
2) Day 19-28 Luteal Phase
8) C
3) Day 11-18 Ovulation Phase 9) B
10) D
17