MALNAD

MALNADCOLLEGE
COLLEGEOF
OFENGINEERING
ENGINEERING
(An Autonomous Institution under Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi)

HASSAN-573202

MINI-PROJECT REPORT
ON

“E-FARMING”
Bachelor of Engineering
in

Computer Science & Engineering

by
Nithya H M(4MC18CS083)
Shakuntala Koujalagi(4MC18CS124)
Shilpa B H(4MC18CS127)
Under the Guidance of

Dr. Geetha Kiran A

Professor and Head
(Department of Computer Science and Engineering)
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE & ENGINEERING
MALNAD COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
HASSAN-573202
JUNE-2021
 E-FARMING

Malnad College of Engineering

(An autonomous Institution under Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi)

Hassan – 573 202

Department of Computer Science & Engineering

Certified that the Mini-Project titled

“E-Farming”
is a bona fide work carried out by
Name USN
Nithya H M 4MC18CS083
Shakuntala Koujalagi 4MC18CS124
Shilpa B H 4MC18CS127

in partial fulfilment for the award of

Bachelor Degree in Computer Science & Engineering
of
Malnad College of Engineering
affiliated to
Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi during the year
2020-2021 is satisfactory and is approved as a creditable
engineering study in the 6th semester. The work is accepted as a
prerequisite for the award of degree of Computer Science and
Engineering.
(Dr. Geetha Kiran A) (Dr. Geetha Kiran A) (Dr. C.V Venkatesh)
Head &Asst. Prof., Dept of B.E., M.Sc (Engg) B.E.,M.Tech.,Ph.D.,
CSE by Research.,Ph.D.,

Head of the Department Principal

External Viva
Name of the Examiners Signature with Date
1.
2.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We present with immense pleasure this work titled “E-FARMING”.
An endeavor over a long period can be successful with the advice and support of many
well wishes. We take this opportunity to express our gratitude and appreciation to all of
them.
The satisfaction that accompany the successful completion of any task would be
incomplete without mentioning the people who made it possible. So, with gratitude we
acknowledge all those whose guidance and encouragement made to successfully
complete this project.
We would like to express sincere thanks to our Principal Dr. C.V.Venkatesh ,
Malnad College of Engineering for his encouragement made to successfully completion
of the project work.
We wish to express our gratitude to Dr. Geetha Kiran A, Professor and Head,
department of CS&E for providing a good working environment and for her constant
support and encouragement.
It gives us an immense pleasure in placing on record a deep sense of gratitude to our
guide Dr. Geetha Kiran A, B.E., M.Sc. (Engg) by Research, Ph.D., MISTE, Dept. of
CSE for expert guidance, initiative and encouragement that led us throughout this project
work.
We would also like to thank all the staff of Computer Science and Engineering
department who have directly or indirectly helped us in the completion of the project
work.
At last, we would hereby acknowledge and thank our parents who have been a source of
inspiration and also instrumental in the successful completion of this mini project work.

Project Associates

USN Name Signature

4MC18CS083 Nithya H M
4MC18CS0124 Shakuntala Koujalagi
4MC18CS127 Shilpa B H

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 E-FARMING

ABSTRACT

E-Farming is the prime occupation in India in spite of this, these days the folks concerned in
farming belongs to the class and is in deep economic condition. The Advanced techniques and also
the fashionable machines that area unit leading the globe to new heights, is not involved in
Farming, either the shortage of awareness of the advanced facilities or the inconvenience results
in the economic condition in farming. In-spite of all hard work and production done by the
farmers, in today’s market the farmer’s area unit cheated by the agents, resulting in the economic
condition. E-marketing would build all the items easier serving as a best solution to all or any the
issues.

E-farming will serve as a way for the farmers to sell their product across the country simply with
some basic information regarding the way to use the web site. The site can guide the
farmers altogether the aspects, this market rate of various product, sold product, access to the new
farming techniques through E-farming and centralized approach to look at totally
different government’s agriculture schemes as well as the compensation schemes for farming in
blog section. Getting availed to the specified info associated with the markets and completely
different merchandise may be created attainable through the ability provided by the system.

The main aim of this project is to build a website which will help farmers from India to sell their
products. Here if suppose some farmers want to use this facility and want to learn how is it possible
and how they can use e-farming to sell their products, they can contact to the contact number and
email id provided. It helps farmers to sell their products to customers without any mediator.

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CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEGMENT
ABSTRACT
CONTENTS
LIST OF FIGURES
BIBLIOGRAPHY

Chapter 1:
Introduction
1.1 Overview of E-farming
1.2 Motivation
1.3 Problem statement
1.4 Scope of project
1.5 Objectives of E-farming

Chapter 2:
LITERATURE SURVEY
2.1 Developing a Rural Market E-hub the case study of E-Choupal experience of ITC
2.2 Mobile Applications for Indian Agriculture Sector: A case study Pratik Shah,
Niketa Gandhi and Leisa J. Armstron
2.3 Mandi Trades Application

Chapter 3:
System specification and tools
3.1 Introduction

3.2 Purpose

3.3 Scope

3.4 Overview

3.5 Overall description

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3.6 Product Perspective

3.7 Product Features
3.8 User classes and characteristics
3.9 Design and implementation constraints
3.10 Assumptions and Dependencies
3.11 Software and hardware requirements
3.12 Functional Requirements
3.13 System features
3.14 Other non-functional Requirements
3.15 Software quality attributes

Chapter 4:
System design
Chapter 5:
Implementation
5.1 Technology used for Implementation
5.1.1 FRONT END
5.1.2 BACKEND
5.2 SNAPSHOTS

Chapter 6:
Conclusion and Future work
6.1 Conclusion:
6.2 Future Work

LIST OF FIGURES

SYSTEM DESIGN

Fig 4.1: Home page

Fig 4.2: Farmer page

Fig 4.3: Customer page

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Chapter 1:
INTRODUCTION
E-farming is the web application that will help the farmers to perform the E-marketing leading to
achieve success and increase in their standard of living. The marketing facility allow the farmers
to have a view of orders given to them and the related information in their accounts. They can sell
their products directly to customers. The admin will have control on the farmer and customer
account. Website will also allow farmers to write the blog and to share their experience or
information.

In geographical area, this facility would offer the desired market data wherever net cannot
be availed through the contact number given.It is more and more recognized
that ancient agricultural science technology investment like analysis and extension, although,
necessary don't seem to be sufficient to alter agricultural innovation. Globally, new digital
systems currently exist for sharing info on agricultural innovations and markets.
Government can argue the new schemes for the farmers which can seem in blog section.
Compensation provided by government for the farmers just in case of any loss to the
assembly because of some natural calamities is additionally displayed in blog section. Unique
interface are going to be provided for applying and viewing the schemes Farmers and therefore
the customers are going to be supplied with a novel ID for work into their accounts leading
towards secure access.

The main objective of this project is building an internet site which can facilitate farmers from
Indian villages to sell their merchandise to completely different town markets. It is computerised
approach for advanced selling products.

Farmers can get distinctive interface wherever they'll avail everything right from learning the new
technologies they'll perform in farming, get in touch with us by contact numbers through the cell
phones, will gather the information of various schemes and apply in addition as check standing of
application. This web site can act as distinctive and secure system to perform E-marketing.
1.1 Overview of E-farming

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E-farming offers solid potential for driving financial development and raising wages among the
country poor through expanded productivity of rural creation, improved livelihoods and worth
chain advancement. It can likewise assume a significant part in tending to a portion of agribusiness'
most squeezing difficulties, which incorporate environmental change, loss of biodiversity, dry
spell, desertification, advancing farming exchange, high individual danger and wasteful stock
chains.

E-agriculture includes planning, creating and applying inventive approaches to utilize data and
correspondence advancements (ICTs) with an essential spotlight on horticulture. The point is to
support horticultural and rustic advancement by improving admittance to important data that can
assist farming partners with settling on the most ideal choices and utilize the assets accessible in
the most useful and maintainable way. ICTs that can be outfit for e-farming may incorporate
gadgets, organizations, administrations and applications.

Setting set up a public e-farming technique is a fundamental initial step for any nation anticipating
utilizing ICTs for agribusiness .Any successful guide for e-farming will require an all
encompassing, multi-partner approach as ICTs are likewise driving different areas basic for
horticulture, specifically banking, climate checking, land use, protection, coordinations and e-
administration.

The expression "e-Farming" has been portrayed as the combination and usage of data innovation
in cultivating related activities . The fuse of data innovation into cultivating, includes the
incorporation of assorted innovations, with each able to do decidedly affecting the proficiency of
cultivating exercises. Since cultivating is a conventional exchange, activities engaged with creation
have to a great extent remained routine in nature.

1.2 Motivation

Agricultural marketing still continues to be in a bad shape in rural India. In the absence of sound
marketing facilities, the farmers have to depend upon local traders and middlemen for the disposal
of their farm produce which is sold at throw-away price.

The situation with ranchers in India is to such an extent that they purchase everything in retail and
sells their produce in wholesale. With various Agricultural Product Market Committee (APMC)

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 E-FARMING

acts in different states, absence of lucidity on the costs set by these offices, high campaigning limit
of the middlemen has brought about abuse of ranchers and harvests not bringing the right price.
Due to short time span of usability of foods grown from the ground and different items, there is a
high prerequisite ofcold stockpiles and distribution centers to have a steady cost and amount across
the year. With very fewand ineffectively oversaw stockrooms, the public authority comes up short
on the principle apparatus for controlling inflationand additionally giving a reasonable cost to the
collect. Such vulnerabilities debilitate farming.

In current serious situation each business foundation needs quality cycles to increasetheir
proficiency just as improve their usefulness. It is of essential significance that manual, time
consuming and dull activities are computerized to smooth out the working of an organization.
Since, the current framework takes additional time and labor for preparing. It iskeeping as a
primary concern this business theory that we propose a Farmer's E-Market. Considering the above
situation looked by ranchers we have planned this online interface so that farmers will actually
want to showcase their item without the inclusion of brokers or any outsider. Our framework will
manage all parts of rancher's items.

1.3 Problem statement

To design a website to make farmers sell their products directly to consumers without any third
party.

A lack of marketing skills and resources

Reaching customers is one of the most difficult parts of operating any business. Even experienced
marketers have trouble conquering these challenges. Marketing isn’t cheap, either. It requires a
significant investment of both time and money to be successful.

Accepting new showcasing procedures will expect ranchers to rethink how they invest their energy
and cash. They should make time to construct promoting abilities and execute advertising plans
while keeping up their day-by-day ranch tasks. They will likewise have to investigate the funds of
their homestead.

Acoording to Significant degrees of contest.As per information from Statista, there were more
than 2 million homesteads in the India in 2019. Toss in the more modest homesteads sprinkled all

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through the country, and the choices for clients to buy horticultural merchandise are immense.
This can make it extremely hard for ranchers to move into new business sectors or autonomously
set up themselves.

That is a central motivation behind why ranchers have made a push toward web-based selling.

1.4 Scope of project

In the coming years, E-farming is projected to make a monstrous effect on the farming economy
by overcoming any issues among little and enormous scope organizations. The pattern isn't just
relevant in evolved nations agricultural nations have understood its monstrous significance too.

In couple of nations there is wide-scale organizations of cell phones and web of things (IoT)
frameworks have prompted a quick appropriation of accuracy agribusiness arrangements. The
legislatures of a few nations have additionally understood the requirement for, and the benefits of
these advances, and consequently, their drives to advance exactness cultivating procedures are
relied upon to drive the development of the market further.

The progressive changes in cultivating rehearses accompany openings as well as specific

difficulties which end up being a restriction in the development of the market. The mindfulness
and information about more current agribusiness innovation are yet to spread widely, particularly
in arising nations.

1.5 Objectives of E-farming

The main objective of this project is to build a website which will help farmers from Indian villages
to sell their products.

If assume some town farmers need to utilize this office and need to figure out how could it be
conceivable and how they can utilize e-cultivating to sell their items, If they know about PC then
they can straightforwardly enlist in the website and sell their item, else they can contact
organization's PC proficient who will plan classes to show them rudiments of PCs and web like
how they can open this webpage and register with it and sell their items online and so on On the
opposite side, distributer from town can likewise enlist and purchase items according to their
necessities.

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Chapter 2:
LITERATURE SURVEY
2.1 Developing a Rural Market E-hub the case study of E-Choupal
experience of ITC
India is second most populous country in the world. Majority of its population lives in villages &
earns their livelihood through farming. Agriculture is the backbone of Indian economy. It
contributes around 26% of the total GDP. 65% of Indian population lives mainly in its 600,000
villages. Agriculture is the mainstay of the majority of the villagers as they are employed in
agriculture or agriculture related services. Presence of diverse agro climate zones and a variety of
soil and agro-climatic conditions have made possible the cultivation of almost every item from
cash crops to food grains. Agriculture provides livelihood to about 65% of the labor force and
accounts for 8.56% of India's exports.
India has maximum area of arable land but productivity per hectare is nowhere near the world best.
India is not in the top ten countries in terms of productivity of rice and wheat. Despite green
revolution Indian agriculture sector has not been able to achieve the world level productivity.
Cardinal reasons behind this are highly fragmented nature of Indian farming with close to 33% of
arable land held in units ofless than 2 hectares per owner. It doesn’t let farmers enjoy the economies
of scale in operations and modern farming equipment proves very expensive for them. Because of
it quality is also a problem. The fragmented farms are constraining the risk-taking ability of Indian
farmer locking him up into a vicious cycle of low risk taking ability > low investment > low
productivity > weak market orientation > low value addition > low margin > low risk taking ability.
So, there is a need to look for interventions that can help the farmers realize higher level of income.
This is a case study of the development of a rural market hub using a set of information
communication technologies. This is the largest e-market initiative undertaken by any corporation
in India and also it has been a successful experience. Many others are trying to replicate this.

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2.2 Mobile Applications for Indian Agriculture Sector: A case study

Pratik Shah, Niketa Gandhi and Leisa J. Armstrong
eMandi
An online trading platform given to farming traders by NCDEX (National Commodity &
Derivatives Exchange Limited), India, which is technically powered by NSE.IT (National Stock
Exchange IT), is discussed (NSE.IT 2014). It is a sophisticated mobile and handheld device
application that facilitates seamless online trading of commodities across the APMCs (Agricultural
Produce Market Committee). It integrates all major APMCs across India with the major markets.
This application provides transaction logging & seamless streaming of Markets data. It allows
SMS based authenticated trading. It provides direct purchases by traders from farmers without
commission agents. It also has stock and inventory tracking of each commission agents and
trader’s inventory. It is integrated with mobility solutions using SMS, Windows Mobile, Android
and iOS. There are various salient features of e-Mandi application (Mrunal2013 and eMandi 2014).
It provides a transparent platform whereby the farmers can bring in their grain produce and sell
directly with the help of traders. It helps deliver trading tips, performance reports via SMS on a
daily basis. It works on all platforms i.e. SMS, Windows Mobile, Android and iOS. It has stock
and inventory tracking mechanism inbuilt. It includes various stakeholders under one roof. This
will help in reducing the time to market.
The initiative of such a trading platform was conceived by the Chief Minister of Karnataka state,
India and the NCDEX Spot Exchange has helped to conceive and provide such an effective and
robust trading platform to the traders, producers and farmers. In Gulbarga, Karnataka, where the
project is implemented, traders trade 500 MT (Metric ton) of Tur in lots varying from 1 bag to 50
bags on daily basis. New APMCs are being added every month, across the state of Karnataka.Till
date 14 APMC are using eMandi application, (NSE.IT 2014).

2.3 Mandi Trades Application

This mobile application aims to assist farmers to buy farm products from the other farmers directly.
It was launched in 2014 and is a location-based trading platform provided by Appface
Technologies in Bangalore, India. This application runs on Android platform as on today hence
supports a variety of smart phones all supporting Android based operating system. It takes into

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account the location using the GPRS connection of the handheld device and lists the available
sellers from the nearby location. Using this application, the farmers can directly put their produce
on for sale (The Hindu Business Line 2013 and Varghese 2014). The daily agricultural prices are
updated on a daily basis by the Indian Government portal. The system helps sort the price wise
listing of commodities out up for sale by farmers. The grocery shop owner may search for deal
and contact the farmer directly over phone.
The e-Mandi application offers advantages where it provides a transparent platform for buy and
sell of agricultural produce, integrates major APMCs and markets across India, allows SMS based
trading, delivers stock prices and reports on SMS, has stock and inventory tracking mechanism
and it runs on windows, mobile and android platforms (Mrunal 2013 and eMandi 2014). On the
other hand it also has some shortcomings wherein the regional language application support is still
unavailable. Also the farmers have to trade via the traders which may introduce some lag period.
On the other hand the application named Dynamic Pricing Platform delivers the cash grain prices
and gives the option to potential buyers to select the list of farmers in their local area and submit
private bids, (Heikes 2011, Woodill et al. 2012).
The reason for discussing Mandi Trades application is it is one of the applications that exist which
directly assists the farmers as discussed in providing a listing of nearby sellers and delivers the
commodity prices fed by the Government of India portal that gets refreshed on a daily basis. The
farmers here additionally can directly put their products for sale in the system (The Hindu Business
Line 2013 and Varghese 2014). The application also helps understand the trends of rare items
which can enable farmers to plan for their increased production for earning more profits. However,
the application lacks regional language support as of now which makes it difficult for the local
farmers to make maximum benefit out of the same. Further it is only intended for bulk buyers
hence the small scale buyers cannot make use of this application. Comparing Mandi Trades with
the Agricharts Mobile application, the later offers a real time and historic quotes and charts for
commodities with their analysis (Heikes 2011, Woodill et al. 2012).

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Chapter 3:

SYSTEM SPECIFICATION AND TOOLS

3.1 Introduction:

A software requirements specification (SRS) is a description of a software system to be

developed, laying out functional and non-functional requirements, and may include a set of use
cases that describe interactions the users will have with the software.
A basic purpose of the SRS is to bridge this communication gap between client and the developer
so they have a shared vision of the software being built. An SRS establishes the basis for agreement
between the client and the supplier on what the software product will do. SRS provides a reference
for validation of the final product. A high-quality SRS is a prerequisite to high-quality software and
also reduces the development cost.
The introduction of the Software Requirements Specification (SRS) provides an overview of the
entire SRS with purpose, scope, definitions, acronyms, abbreviations, references and overview of
the SRS. The aim of this document is to gather and analyse and give an in-depth insight of the
complete “E-farming” by defining the problem statement in detail. The detailed requirements of “E-
farming” are provided in this document.

3.2 Purpose:

This Document includes software requirements for the “E-farming” Project. The purpose of this
document is to detail the user requirements for all the functionality in “E-farming”. This document
is meant to serve as a guide to the developers and users. The purpose of the requirement document
is to specify and provide all the information required to design, develop and test the system. This
document ensures that the person reading the document understands what she/he is looking for.

3.3 Scope:

The main objective of developing “E-farming” application is to help farmers by providing all kinds
agriculture related information and providing easy way to sell their products in the website. “E-
farming” is farmer management website application which helps farmers to give best-practice

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farming processes. It helps farmers to improve their productivity and profitability. It enables
farmers to sell their products online and farmers can purchase tools and seeds directly from seller.

3.4 Overview:

This SRS will allow for a complete understanding of what is to be expected of the “E-farming”
web application to be constructed. The clear understanding of the “E-farming” System and its
functionality will allow for end users and will be used for the development of the future stages of
the project. This system helps us to manage the records according to his requirements.

3.5 Overall description:

This section of the SRS describes all general factors of the product and its requirements.
3.6 Product Perspective:

In this project the farmers can sell their products online and the buyer can purchase the seeds and
products through online. Buyer can send purchase request to check the quality of the product. The
Payments will be received from the seller once the product delivered to the seller. The customers
can buy products and equipments in this project. The article and blogs section helps farmers to
improve their productivity and profitability. Administrator can view and print all kinds of reports.

3.7 Product Features:

This product has following features:

• The farmers can sell their productions online and the buyer can purchase various agricultural
products online. Buyer can send purchase request to check the quality of the product.
• After collecting all the farm produce from the farmers, it should be sold to the wholesaler/retailer.
This module covers these entries and the charge details also should be entered. The Payments
will be received from the wholesaler/retailer once the product delivered to them.
• There are 2 types of users: Customer, Farmers. The login id and password must be required to
login the system.
• The article and blog section helps farmers to improve their productivity and profitability.

3.8 User classes and characteristics:

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• Farmer:

Sellers are the farmers and they can sell their productions through online after the registration. After
the registration the farmers can login to the system by entering login id and password.

• Customer:

Customers can buy products through online. The customer can send purchase request to check the
quality of the products.

3.9 Design and implementation constraints:

• The developed system should run under any platform (Unix, Linux, Mac, Windows etc.) that
contains a web browser which supports PHP, JavaScript and AJAX.
• Internet connectivity is required to send mails.
• The user who is accessing the system should be authorized.

3.10 Assumptions and Dependencies:

• The users should have basic knowledge of the computers. They must be trained well to handle
the features provided by this system.
• Some of the details are required to be entered by the user and may not be generated automatically.
• Roles and tasks are predefined.

3.11 SOFWARE AND HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS

3.11.1 Hardware requirements:
• Processor – Intel dual core, i5
• RAM- 8GB
• Hard Disk – 1TB

3.11.2 Software requirements:

• Operating System – WINDOWS, MAC OS, LINUX

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• Browser- Chrome, Edge, Firefox

• Frontend- PHP, HTML, CSS, Java-script, Ajax.
• Database- MySQL

3.11.3 Communication Interfaces:

Internet connection is required.

3.12 Functional Requirements:

3.12.1 Login module:

In this module, the customer and farmer and can login to the system by entering login id and
password. The system opens main account page after the login.

3.12.2 Customer module:

The customer can register to the website by entering profile details. The customer can purchase
products which are uploaded by farmer.They can also send purchase request for purchasing farm
produce which is uploaded by farmers. After quality test and price quotation, the customer can
approve or reject the purchase request.

3.12.3 Seller module:

The farmers are the sellers where they can sell their productions online. The system will display
farm produces in the main page of the website.

3.13 System features:

The coding is done with following characteristics in mind:

• Ease of design to code translation

• Code efficiency
• Memory efficiency
• Response time

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• Maintainability
• Security
• Simple ease to understand code
• Efficient and consistent logic

3.14 Other non-functional Requirements:

3.14.1 Performance Requirements:

Performance requirements define acceptable response times for system functionality.

• The system is supposed to be having good memory space and RAM should be Above 256 MB
preferably.
• The sound card and graphics card will have to be of good quality and capacity.
• The load time for user interface screens shall take no longer than ten seconds.
• The log in information shall be verified within ten seconds.
• Queries shall return results within ten seconds.

3.15 Software quality attributes:

3.15.1 Reliability:

This system is designed to have very simple database just to cater the exact need of “efarmer”. It
is tested for all the constraints at development stage.

3.15.2 Availability:

This system will only available till the system on which it is installed is running.

3.15.3 Security:

This system is provided with authentication without which no user can pass. So only the legitimate
users are allowed to use the application. If the legitimate users share the authentication
information, then the system is open to outsiders.

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3.15.4 Maintainability:

There is maintenance required for the website. The database is provided by the the end-use.

CHAPTER 4
SYSTEM DESIGN

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Fig: 4.1 HOME PAGE

Fig: 4.2 FARMER PAGE

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Fig: 4.3 CUSTOMER PAGE

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Chapter 5:

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Implementation

5.1 Technology used for Implementation

5.1.1 FRONT END
Here we have used PHP, HTML, CSS, Java-script and Ajax for Frontend designing where PHP as
a programming language, HTML and CSS for design and interface, Java-script and Ajax as
scripting language.

PHP:
PHP, which stands for "PHP: Hypertext Pre-processor," is a popular OpenSource general-purpose
scripting language that is well-suited to Web development and can be incorporated in HTML. It
has a lean syntax that borrows from C, Java, and Perl. The primary objective of the language is to
allow web developers to quickly create dynamically generated web pages, but PHP is capable of
much more.

PHP is a strong language, and the interpreter, whether embedded as a module in a web server or
run as a standalone CGI binary, can access files, run commands, and establish network connections
on the server. By default, anything run on a web server is vulnerable due to these features. PHP
was created particularly to be a more secure language for developing CGI programmes than Perl
or C, and with the right compile-time and runtime configuration settings and good coding
standards, it can provide you with exactly the freedom and security you require. Because PHP can
be used in a variety of ways, there are numerous configuration options that can be used to regulate
its behaviour. A huge number of choices ensures that PHP may be used for a wide range of
applications, but it also implies that there are combinations of these options and server
configurations that result in an insecure system. PHP's settings flexibility is matched only by its
code flexibility. PHP may be used to create comprehensive server programmes with all of the
capabilities of a shell user, or it can be used to create basic server/side includes in a secure
environment. The PHP developer has a lot of control over how that environment is built and how
safe it is.

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HTML:
HTML which stands for Hyper Text Markup Language, is a code which is used to design the
structure of webpage and its content. It is also a standard markup language for documents designed
to be displayed in a web browser. All HTML pages have a series of HTML elements consisting of
tags and attributes.HTML elements are building blocks of web page.

CSS:
CSS stands for Cascading Style Sheet. It is a language for describing the presentation of webpages
including colours, layouts and fonts.CSS is independent of HTML and can be used with any XML
based markup language.

JAVA SCRIPT:
It is a scripting language and also a text-based programming language used both on client-side and
server-side that allows us to make web pages more interactive.HTML and CSS are languages that
give structure and style to web pages while Java-script gives webpages interactive elements that
engage a user. Java-script can calculate, manipulate and validate data.

AJAX:
AJAX stands for Asynchronous Javascript and XML and is a set of development techniques using
many web technologies on client-side and to create asynchronous web applications. With Ajax
web applications can send and retrieve data from server asynchronously without interfering with
display and behaviour of existing page.

5.1.2 BACKEND

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Database:

A Database Management System (DBMS) is computer software that manages databases and a
huge quantity of structured data, as well as performs actions on the data required by multiple users.
Oracle, DB2, Microsoft Access, Microsoft SQL Server, Firebird, PostgreSQL, MySQL, SQLite,
FileMaker, and Sybase Adaptive Server Enterprise are all examples of database management
systems. Database managers generally utilise DBMSs while creating database systems.
Accounting, human resources, and customer support systems are all examples of DBMS
applications. DBMSs were once exclusively found in large firms with the necessary computer
technology to manage large data sets, but they have recently become a pretty regular aspect of any
company's back office.
A Database Management System (DBMS) is a collection of software applications that organises,
stores, manages, and retrieves data in a database.

SQL:
The language used to handle relational databases is Structured Query Language (SQL). The
relational model and SQL are inextricably linked.
• Data is stored in relational models in structures called relations or tables.
SQL statements are used for the following purposes:
• Data definition:
Defining the database's tables and structures (DDL used to create, alter and drop schema
objects such as tables and indexes).
• Data manipulation:
This feature is used to manipulate the data included within those schema objects (DML used
for Inserting, Updating, Deleting the data, and Querying the Database).
Tables, views, indexes, and sequences are examples of database objects that can be found in a
schema.

5.2 SNAPSHOTS
5.2.1 Home page

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5.2.2 Blogs

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5.2.3 PRODUCTS

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5.2.4 Farmer Login

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Chapter 6:
Conclusion and Future Work
6.1 Conclusion:
Because the project "E-Farming" is a human-made initiative, it may contain errors and restrictions.
It's possible that the thoughts presented will differ. It's possible that the terminology and names
will differ. However, we made every attempt to provide the finest service possible. What matters
is that the system is stable. We've done our best to make the site as interactive as possible. Future
advancements in the system are also taken into account. The system as a whole is safe. This online
method was created with all of the advantages and disadvantages in mind.

Electronic shopping has acquired importance not only from the perspective of the entrepreneur,
but also from the perspective of the customer, as the internet has become a major source in modern
business. Electronic shopping opens up new business prospects for the entrepreneur, and it allows
customers to compare prices. According to the poll, most internet shoppers are impulsive and
decide whether or not to stay on a site within the first few seconds. We created the project with the
goal of making navigation, data retrieval, and necessary feedback as simple as feasible for the user.
A user-friendly application logic must accompany a nice design. The customer should be able to
browse the contents of their page and update information in their interface at their leisure. The
features are intended to make the client more comfortable.

This project will help you understand how to make an interactive web page and the technology
that go into making it. The project's development has provided us with a concept and detailed
knowledge of how to design the application, link it to the database, and modify the data and web
pages as needed.

The project's major goal was to create a dynamic online farmer management system that would
assist farmers in any manner possible while also providing a reliable platform on which they could
conduct all transactions with ease.

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6.2 Future Work

In a word, the project's future scope is around the preservation of information pertaining
to:

1. In the future, innovative approaches such as sensor technology may be utilised to assess
product quality.
2. Multiple Product Purchases:
A buyer can purchase multiple things at once from a wish-list or the addition of a
My cart where the buyer or customer can save the products they want.
3. Functionality of numerous payment methods:
For this website, we focused solely on debit card implementation. In the future, Net
Banking will be deployed.
4. Addition of an administrator:
Adding an administrator to this website can assist in tracking all transactions and
determining which farmers sell certain products. Admin can also act as a go-between or
mediator for farmers and customers.

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Bibliography:

• International Journal of Social Science & Interdisciplinary Research (Vol.1 Issue 9,

September 2012, ISSN 2277 3630 )
• The Open Agriculture Journal, 2018, 12, 20-35
• International Journal of Research and Development - A Management Review (IJRDMR).
• The survey conducted by us from google form.
• Google for problem solving.
• https://farmer.gov.in/
• International Journal of Computer Science and Mobile Computing. A Monthly Journal of
Computer Science and Information Technology,IJCSMC, Vol. 3
• International Journal of Computer Science and Mobile Computing. A Monthly Journal of
Computer Science and Information Technology,IJCSMC, Vol. 3
• International Journal of Enterprise Innovation Management Studies(IJEIMS) vol 7.
• Oriental Journal of Computer Science and Technology

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