SHS

General Biology 2
Quarter 4: Week 2 – Module 1B
P rocesses in Plants and Animals
(Gas Exchange and Transport/Circulation )
General Biology 2

Grade 11/12 Quarter 4: Week 2 Module 1B: Processes in Plants and

Animals (Gas Exchange and Transport/Circulation)

First Edition, 2021

Copyright © 2021
La Union Schools Division

Region I

All rights reserved. No part of this module may be reproduced in any form
without written permission from the copyright owners.

Development Team of the Module

Author: Emilia V. Vizcarra, MT-I

Editor: SDO La Union, Learning Resource Quality Assurance Team

Illustrator: Ernesto F. Ramos Jr., P II

Management Team:

AttY. Donato D. Balderas, Jr.

Schools Division Superintendent

Vivian Luz S. Pagatpatan, Ph.D

Assistant Schools Division Superintendent

German E. Flora, Ph.D, CID Chief

1
 Virgilio C. Boado, Ph.D, EPS in Charge of LRMS

Rominel S. Sobremonte , Ed.D, EPS in Charge of

Science

Michael Jason D. Morales, PDO II

Claire P. Toluyen, Librarian II

Target

The existence of life is primarily based on certain functions and processes on the
planet Earth. There are many fundamental essential processes that are required for
an individual to remain healthy and to ensure the proper functioning of the organ
systems of the body. For survival, they are necessary. These important basic
operations performed by an organism are called processes of life.

. In your previous lessons, you learned about reproduction, development and

nutrition. These are essential life processes that are vital for almost all forms of life
on earth to survive.

This module will provide you with concepts and activities that will help you
understand gas exchange and transport or circulation in plants and animals.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

Compare and contrast the following processes in plants and animals:

reproduction, development, nutrition, gas exchange, transport/ circulation,
regulation of body fluids, chemical and nervous control, immune systems,
and sensory and motor mechanisms (STEM_BIO11/12-IVa-h-1)
At the end of the lesson, the learners will be able to

1. state some basic principles in gas exchange;

2. describe the structures for gas exchange in plants and animals;
3. describe the organs in the human respiratory system and their roles;
4. discuss the coordination of gas exchange and circulation;
5. explain the functions of structures in animal circulation;
6. trace the path of blood in the systemic and the pulmonary circulation;
and
7. describe the transport of substances in xylem and phloem;

Before going on, check how much you know about this topic. Answer the
pretest on the next page in a separate sheet of paper.

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 Lesson Gas Exchange
1

Pretest: Read each question carefully then select the correct answer from
the given choices.

1. Which gas is released by plants during aerobic respiration?

A. Carbon dioxide B. Hydrogen C. Nitrogen D. Oxygen

2. Which structure in plants allow gas exchange?

A. Chloroplast B. Guard cells C. Stomata D. Epidermis

3. What organ in animals release carbon dioxide from the body?

A. Lung B. Intestine C. Kidney D. Throat

4. Which muscles contract to bring about respiration?

A. Cardiac B. Diaphragm C. Pulmonary D. Pelvic

5. When you breathe, what is taken in?

A. Air B. Carbon dioxide C. Oxygen D. Nitrogen

Jumpstart

One of the most essential events in everyday life of a living organism is the
exchange of gases. This process is important as it keeps organism alive. Carbon
dioxide, as a waste product during this process is removed from most animal
systems and substituted by oxygen. Plants on the other hand uses carbon dioxide
in photosynthesis to produce oxygen which will be used by animals and plants for
respiration. Gas exchange is responsible for the presence of oxygen and carbon
dioxide in the air.

For you to be more engaged in the lesson, do the following activity. Have
fun and good luck!

4
Activity 1: Breathing and Exercise
Background and Information:
Normal breathing rates from 12-25 times per minute. In this activity, you will
compare you breathing rate at rest to your breathing rate after
exercise.
Procedure:
1. Sit quietly and breathe for one minute. While you are doing this, count the
number of breaths (in and out is one count) you take.
2. Run in place for 30 seconds. Then sit down and again have your partner
count the number of breaths you take for 1 minute. Record this number in
the data table.
3. Run in place for 1 minute. Sit down and have your partner count the
number of breaths in 1 minute. Record this number in the data table.
Observations:
Activity Rate
Resting
After 30 seconds of exercise
After 1 minute of exercise

Analysis:
1. How did exercise affect your breathing rate?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
2. What other factor besides exercise might influence your normal breathing
rate?
___________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
3. Did you notice any other way your breathing changed with exercise? Give a
possible reason for this change?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

Discover

Carbon dioxide may appear to be a waste product of respiration in

plant cells, but carbon dioxide may be considered to be a by-product
because it is used in photosynthesis. Plant cells must have carbon dioxide

5
 available in them while the oxygen gas must be eliminated. Gas exchange is
an important process in the metabolism of energy, and gas exchange is an
essential prerequisite for life.
Diffusion through a moist membrane is the fundamental process of gas exchange.
Diffusion is the movement of molecules in the direction following the concentration
gradient, from a region of greater concentration to a region of lower concentration.
The molecules travel through cell membranes in living systems, which are
constantly moistened by fluid.

Plants

While plants are complex organisms, they exchange their gases with the
atmosphere. Water moves through the tissues of aquatic plants and provides
the means for the exchange of carbon. Air enters the tissues of terrestrial
plants, and the gases diffuse through the moisture that bathes the inner
cells.
An abundant supply of carbon dioxide must be available in the leaves of
the plant, and oxygen from photosynthesis must be released. Gases do not
pass through the leaf cuticle; they pass through pores called stomata in the
epidermis. On the lower surface of the leaf, stomata are numerous and
usually open during the day when the rate of photosynthesis is highest. The
opening and closure of stomata are due to physiological changes in the
surrounding guard cells.

Figure 1. The S tructure of a S toma

Source:
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Opening_and_Closing_of_
Stoma.svg

Animals

Gas exchange follows the same general trend in animals as in plants.

Oxygen and carbon dioxide diffuses across moist membranes. The exchange
happens directly with the environment in simple animals. The exchange

6
 between the environment and the blood happens with complex organisms,
such as mammals. The blood transports oxygen to deeply embedded cells
and transports carbon dioxide out of the body.
Oxygen and carbon dioxide are transferred by earthworms directly through
their skin. Oxygen diffuses into tiny blood vessels on the surface of the skin
where it mixes with hemoglobin, a red pigment. Hemoglobin loosely binds to
oxygen and brings it across the bloodstream of the animal. Hemoglobin
transports carbon dioxide back to the blood.
Terrestrial arthropods have a set of openings on the surface of the body
called spiracles. Spiracles open into tiny air tubes called tracheae, which
grow into fine branches that reach into all areas of the body of the
arthropod.

Figure 2. The Tracheal System in Arthropods

Source:
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Opening_and_Closing_of_
Stoma.svg

Fishes use external extensions of the surface of their

body, called gas exchange gills. Gills are tissue flaps which are richly
supplied by blood vessels. This attracts water into its mouth
and through the gills as a fish swims. Oxygen spreads
through the gill's blood vessels from the water, while carbon dioxide
exits the blood vessels and enters the water flowing through
the gills.

7
 Figure 3.
The Tracheal System in
Arthropods
Source:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fish_gill

There are well-developed respiratory systems with lungs for terrestrial

vertebrates such as amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals. In their lungs,
frogs swallow air, where oxygen diffuses the blood to bind with hemoglobin in the
red blood cells. By means of their skin, amphibians can exchange gases as well. To
provide increased surface space for gas exchange, reptiles have folded lungs. Rib
muscles aid the expansion of the lungs and protect the lungs from damage.
Birds have in their lungs large air spaces called air sacs. The rib cage
spreads apart when a bird inhales, and a partial vacuum is created in the lungs.
Air flows into the lungs and then into the air sacs, where much of the exchange of
gas takes place. This method is the adaptation of birds to the rigors of flight and
their enormous metabolic requirements.
Mammalian lungs are classified into millions of microscopic air sacs called
alveoli (the singular is alveolus). A rich network of blood vessels for transporting
gases surrounds each alveolus. Furthermore, mammals have a dome-shaped
diaphragm that separates the thorax from the abdomen, providing a separate the
chest cavity for breathing and blood circulating.
The diaphragm contracts and flattens to create a partial vacuum in the
lungs during inhalation. With air, the lungs fill, and gas exchange follows.

Figure 4. The Thoracic Cavity and Lungs

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 Source:https://open.oregonstate.education/aandp/chapter/22-2-the-lungs/

The Human Respiratory System

Gas exchange between the external atmosphere and the circulatory system
of an organism is the primary feature of the respiratory system. This exchange
combines the oxygenation of blood with the removal of carbon dioxide and other
metabolic waste from circulation in humans and other mammals.
Gas exchange occurs at the molecular level in the alveoli-tiny sacs that are
the essential functional part of the lungs. The alveolar epithelial tissue is extremely
thin and permeable, facilitating the exchange of gas between the air inside the
lungs and the blood stream capillaries. Air moves due to variations in pressure,
where air flows from high-pressure areas to low-pressure areas.
The key respiratory system organs work primarily to provide oxygen for
cellular respiration to body tissues, extract carbon dioxide from the waste product,
and help preserve acid-base balance. Sections of the respiratory system are also
used for non-vital purposes, such as odor detection, voice generation, and stress,
such as during childbirth or coughing.
In order to help you breathe, the respiratory system has several different
parts that function together. Your airways deliver your lungs with air. Your airways
are a complex structure, like your:

• Mouth and nose: Openings that pull air from outside your body into your
respiratory system.
• Sinuses: Hollow areas between the bones in your head that help regulate the
temperature and humidity of the air you inhale.
• Pharynx (throat): Tube that delivers air from your mouth and nose to the
trachea (windpipe).
• Trachea: Passage connecting your throat and lungs.
• Bronchial tubes: Tubes at the bottom of your windpipe that connect into
each lung.
• Lungs: Two organs that remove oxygen from the air and pass it into your
blood.

From your lungs, your bloodstream delivers oxygen to all your organs and
other tissues.

Muscles and bones help move the air you inhale into and out of your lungs.
Some of the bones and muscles in the respiratory system include your:

• Diaphragm: Muscle that helps your lungs pull in air and push it out
• Ribs: Bones that surround and protect your lungs and heart

When you breathe out, your blood carries carbon dioxide and other waste
out of the body. Other components that work with the lungs and blood vessels
include:

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 • Alveoli: Tiny air sacs in the
lungs where the exchange of
oxygen and carbon dioxide
takes place.
• Bronchioles: Small
branches of the bronchial
tubes that lead to the alveoli.
• Capillaries: Blood vessels in
the alveoli walls that move
oxygen and carbon dioxide.
• Lung lobes: Sections of the lungs – three lobes in the right lung and two in
the left lung.
• Pleura: Thin sacs that surround each lung lobe and separate your lungs
from the chest wall. Figure 4. The
Respiratory System

Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/
wikipedia/commons/e/e7/ Respiratory_
System_%28Illustration%29.png

Some of the other components of your respiratory system include:

• Cilia: Tiny hairs that move in a wave-like motion to filter dust and other
irritants out of your airways.
• Epiglottis: Tissue flap at the entrance to the trachea that closes when you
swallow to keep food and liquids out of your airway.
• Larynx (voice box): Hollow organ that allows you to talk and make sounds
when air moves in and out.

Explore

Here are some enrichment activities for you to work on to master and
strengthen the basic concepts you have learned from this lesson.

Enrichment Activity 1
Activity 1: Sentence completion.
Directions: Answer the following questions. Use the word bank below to answer
the questions.

exhale muscles diaphragm air sacs mouth cilia inhale brain

1. When we_____________ air enters the body through the nose and mouth.
2. Mucous and ____________ work to trap dirt and germs before we inhale.

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 3. The _______________ helps draw air into the lungs.
4. The structure where the respiratory system and the circulatory system meet
is the ________________.
5. The __________________ controls the rate of breathing.

Enrichment Activity 2
Activity 1: Construction of a crossword Puzzle.
Directions: Select 12 terms associated with gas exchange in both plants and
animals. With the identified terms, you are to prepare a crossword puzzle. Be sure
that you provide a description for each term. Use a separate sheet of paper for your
answer. Rubric:
Crossword puzzle (12 points) 1 point per term included in the puzzle

Descriptions: (12) 1 point per correct description

Deepen

At this point, you are now ready to apply the concepts of gas exchange in our
current pandemic situation. Aware that viruses can enter the body through the
respiratory passages, you are tasked to create catchy reminders to protect
ourselves from transmitting the Covid-19 virus. You may include images to
highlight what you want to convey. Post your output in your facebook wall. Make a
screenshot and send the picture to your teacher. (20 points)

Rubric
Category 4 3 2 1
Relevance (3) Output is Output is Output is poorly Output has no
thoroughly somewhat related to the connection to
related to the related to the topic the topic
topic topic
Content- Graphics and Graphics Graphics and Graphics and
Originality (2) text reflect an and text text reflect a text reflect no
exceptional reflect a certain little degree of degree of
degree of degree of creativity creativity
creativity creativity

Great job! You have understood the lesson. Are

you now ready to summarize?
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 Lesson
Transport/Circulation
2

Pretest: Read each question carefully then select the correct answer from
the given choices.

1. What does the human circulatory system consist of?

A. blood and veins C. heart, blood vessels and blood
B. bones, muscles and hair D. lungs and heart

2. Oxygen is transported from _______________?

A. body cells to lungs C. kidneys to lungs
B. brain to lungs D. lungs to body cells

3. Which process transports minerals against the concentration gradient

into the root hair cell?
A. active transport B. diffusion C. facilitated diffusion D. osmosis

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 4. Which one of the following is NOT transported by blood around the
body?
A. carbon dioxide B. hormones C. oxygen D. sweat

5. What is the main function of platelets?

A. fight diseases B. form clots C. carry oxygen D. boost immunity

J umpstart

Multicellular organisms need to supply every cell with oxygen, water and nutrients
and to achieve this they need a transport mechanism otherwise diffusion will be too
long. The development of a transport system is thus directly related to an
organism’s surface area:volume ratio. Organisms which have a very large surface
area:volume ratio e.g. protozoans, may depend upon diffusion, but as an organism
grows bigger, the surface area to volume ratio reduces and this makes a specialised
transport mechanism necessary.

For you to be more engaged in the lesson, do the following activity. Have
fun and good luck!

Activity 1: Heart Zone

This activity will help you note changes in heart beat with different physical
activities.

Procedure:
*After each physical activity below, let your heart recover for 1-2 minutes before
starting the next activity.

*Count your heart beat for after doing the physical activity. Use watch with second
hand or any stopwatch.

Table 1. Physical Activities and Heart Rate

Physical activity Heart beat per minute
1. Sit in a chair-relaxed
2. Standing - relaxed
3.After walking at a leisurely pace for 3
minutes

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 4. After speed walking for 2 minutes
5. After 2 minutes of jogging in place
6. After 25 jumping jacks
7. After running in place as fast as possible
for
1 minute

Questions:
1. What activity were you doing when your heart beat the fastest?
2. During the recovery time after an activity, what happened to your heart
rate?
3. Describe how you felt physically when your heart rate was increasing.

Discover

Transport in Plants

Plants need a transport system to

supply raw materials for
photosynthesis to the leaves and to
deliver the sugar made to other areas
of the plant for use or storage.

The Xylem Transport System Water

and minerals are carried up through the
stem in xylem vessels. Xylem is a tissue
composed of dead, hollowed-out cells that
form a web of pipes. The walls of xylem cells are lignified (strengthened with a
material called lignin) (strengthened with a substance called lignin). This allows
the xylem to tolerate pressure changes as water flows through the plant.
Transport in the xylem is a physical process. It does not require energy.
Figure 4. Xylem Transport System
Source:
https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/
guides/z28g7p3/revision/1

The Phloem Transport System

Sugar formed by photosynthesis in the leaves is transferred up and down
the plant to the meristems and other tissues in living phloem cells. The
transported sugar is needed in the following processes: growing parts of

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 the plant for immediate use; storage organs such as bulbs and tubers;
developing seeds; and respiration.
Transport in the phloem is both up and down the stem. Transport of
substances in the phloem is termed translocation.
Phloem consists of living cells. The cells that make up the phloem are
adapted to their function:
▪ Sieve tubes - specialized for transport and contain no nuclei.
Each sieve tube has a perforated end so the cytoplasm binds
one cell to the next.

▪ Companion cells- supply the energy for the sieve cells. The end
walls of the sieve cells have pores from which sugar is
transferred from cell to cell.

Figure 5. Phloem Transport System

Source:
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Phloem_cells.svg

The xylem and phloem are dispersed differently in roots and stems. In
the root, the xylem forms a central axis, forming a strong support. The phloem is
in the middle, above the xylem.
In the stem, the transport tissues of the xylem and phloem are
organized into vascular bundles.

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 Figure 6. The Vascular (Xylem and Phloem) Bundle

Source:
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/12/Figu
re_30_ 02_06.jpg
Transporting Water
Each organism is unable to prepare food on its own. For their nutrition, such
species rely on others. Heterotrophs are species which cannot produce food
on their own and rely on other sources/organisms.
Plants require transport mechanisms to carry water, dissolved food and other
substances around their structures in order to remain alive. Plants require
water for photosynthesis and for the transport of minerals.
Water enters root hair cells: tiny hairs covering the ends of the smallest roots.
They provide a large surface area for the absorption of water by the process
of osmosis. Water then moves from cell to cell through the root cortex by
osmosis down a concentration gradient. This means that each cell has a
lower water content than the one before it. In the center of the root the water
enters the xylem vessels - vein-like tissues that transport water and minerals
up a plant.
Water molecules move up the xylem vessels to the leaves where they exit
and move from cell to cell. Water moves from the xylem vessels into the
mesophyll cells where it can be used for photosynthesis.

Xylem to Leaf to Air

Some of the water evaporates into the surrounding air spaces inside the
leaf and then diffuses out through the stomata into the surrounding air. The
opening and closing of the stomata is controlled by guard cells in the
epidermis. The loss of water from the leaves of a plant is called transpiration,
and the resulting flow of water through the plant is called the transpiration
stream.

Transport System in Animals

Transport systems are crucial to survival. Unicellular organisms rely
on simple diffusion for transport of nutrients and removal of waste.
Multicellular organisms have developed more complex circulatory systems.

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Parts of the Circulatory System
The average adult has 4.7 to 5.6 liters of blood composed of plasma (fluid
part of blood), red blood cells or erythrocytes (transports oxygen), white
blood cells (defense of the body) and platelets (blood clotting).
The heart is a four-chamber muscular organ. Located just behind and
just to the left of the breastbone, it pumps blood through a network of
arteries and veins called the cardiovascular system.
The network of arteries (carries oxygenated blood), and veins (carries
deoxygenated blood) or collectively called blood vessels brings oxygenated
blood from the heart, provides oxygen and nutrients to the cells of the
body, and then returns deoxygenated blood back to the heart.

Open Circulatory System

In an open circulatory system, the blood vessels carry all fluids to the
cavity. When the animal moves, the blood inside the cavity moves freely
in both directions throughout the body. Blood bathes the body
immediately, delivering oxygen and eliminating waste from the
bloodstream.
Blood moves at a very slow pace due to the lack of smooth muscles,
which, as you have learned earlier, are responsible for the contraction of
the blood vessels. The majority of invertebrates (crabs, flies, snails etc.)
have an open circulatory system.

Figure 7. Open Circulatory System

Source:https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/45/Figure_40_
01_01ab.jpg

Closed Circulatory System

Closed circulatory systems are distinct from open circulatory systems

because blood never leaves the blood vessels. Instead, it is continually
moved from one blood vessel to another without entering the cavity.
Blood is transported in one direction, supplying oxygen and nutrients to
cells and removing waste materials.

17
 The blood circulatory system (cardiovascular system) provides nutrients
and oxygen to all cells of the body. It consists of the heart and the blood
vessels that run through the whole body. The arteries carries blood from
the heart; the veins bring it back to the heart.
The system of blood vessels resembles a tree: the trunk – the primary
artery (aorta) – branches through large arteries, leading to smaller and
smaller vessels. The smallest arteries wind up in a network of tiny vessels
known as the capillary network.

The human circulatory system involves the pulmonary and systemic circulatory
systems. The pulmonary circulatory system consists of blood vessels that
transport deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs and return
oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart.

Pulmonary circulation system

In the pulmonary circulation system, deoxygenated blood exits the
heart from the right ventricle and is transferred through the
pulmonary artery to the lungs. The pulmonary artery is the only artery
to carry deoxygenated blood. It carries blood to the capillaries where
carbon dioxide diffuses from the blood to the alveoli (lung cells) and
then to the lungs where it is exhaled. Simultaneously, oxygen diffuses
through the alveoli, and then to the blood and returns to the left
atrium of the heart through the pulmonary vein.

Systemic circulation
Systemic circulation refers to the portion of the circulation system that
exits the heart, takes oxygenated blood to the cells of the body, and
returns deoxygenated blood to the heart. Blood exits from the left
ventricle to the aorta, the body's largest artery. The aorta connects to
smaller arteries that supply all of the body's organs.
These arteries ultimately branch to the capillaries. In the capillaries,
oxygen diffuses from the blood to the cells, and the waste and carbon
dioxide diffuses from the cells and into the blood. Deoxygenated blood
in the capillaries then travels to the veins that converge into the veins,
where the blood is transferred back to the heart. These veins converge
into two main veins, namely the upper vena cava and the lower vena
cava (figure: double circulation). Deoxygenated blood enters the right
atrium from the upper vena cava. Major arteries deliver blood to the
brain, small intestine, liver, and kidneys. Systemic circulation,
however, also targets the other organs, including the muscles and
skin.

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Figure 8. Pulmonary and Systemic Circulation

Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/
File:2101_Blood_Flow_Through_the_Heart.jpg

19
 Figure 8. Flow of Blood in the Body
Source: https://pixy.org/889066/

Explore

Here are some enrichment activities for you to work on to master and
strengthen the basic concepts you have learned from this lesson.

Enrichment Activity 1.
Directions:
Illustrate and trace the flow of blood in a pulmonary circulation. Label your
illustration. Represent the flow of blood using colored arrows. Use red ink to
represent oxygenated blood and use blue ink for deoxygenated blood. Give a short
explanation of your illustration. (25 pts.)

Rubric
Excellent (5-4) Good (3-2) Needs Improvement
(1)
Drawing and Illustrated correctly Illustrated correctly Illustrated

20
 labels (x2) with complete labels but with few errors incorrectly with
in the labels errors in the labels
Placement and Correct placement Few errors in the Incorrect placement
Direction of and direction of placement and and direction of
arrows arrows are observed direction of arrows are arrows are observed
observed
Color of arrows All arrows have Few arrows have Most arrows have
correct colors incorrect colors incorrect arrows
Explanation Correct Partly correct Incorrect

Enrichment Activity 2.
The figure shows the structure of an artery and a vein. Explain how the
structure of the artery is related to its function.

Enrichment Activity 3.
Compare and contrast transport in plants and animals. You can use any
form of presentation for this task.

Great job! You have understood the lesson. Are

you now ready to summarize?

Deepen

21
 At this point, you are now ready to apply the concepts you learned on transport or
circulation. Design a simple experiment to illustrate transport in plants.

Rubric
Excellent (5-4) Good (3-2) Needs Improvement
(1)
Content (x2) Title, materials, Title, materials, Some parts of the
procedure, and procedure, and experiment are
guide questions are guide questions are missing.
included. included.

Contents are Contents have few Contents have

wellwritten. errors. errors
Procedure Procedure is specific Procedure is partly Procedure is not
and very clear specific and somewhat specific and is unclear
clear
Feasibility The experiment can The experiment is The experiment is
be easily done. somewhat difficult difficult to do.
to do.

Gauge

Directions: Read carefully each question and select the correct answer from the
given choices. Use separate sheet of paper for your answers. Write the letter only.

1. What structure in the leaf is the entry point of gases in plants?

A. Guard cells B. Mesophyll C. Palisade D. Stoma

2. Which of the following organisms exemplify gas exchange through the moist
skin?
A. Earthworm B. Fish C. Human D. Snake

22
3. Which structures in an arthropod allows the entry of gases into its body?
A. Gills B. Lung C. Skin D. Spiracles

4. What would happen if the lower epidermis of the leaves of plants become too
dusty?
A. Oxygen can readily exit from the plant.
B. Oxygen becomes abundant inside the plant.
C. Carbon dioxide is trapped in the leaves for respiration.
D. Carbon dioxide can hardly enter the plant resulting to reduced
photosynthesis.

5. When you hold your breath, which of the following gas changes in the blood
first leads to the urge to breathe?
A. Rising oxygen
B. Falling oxygen
C. Rising carbon dioxide
D. Rising carbon dioxide and falling oxygen

6. Where does gas exchange take place in the lungs?

A. Alveolus B. Alveolar bronchiole
C. Alveolar duct D. Bronchial tube

7. Which of the following filters the air in the respiratory passage?

A. Cilia B. Flagella C. Epithelial tissue D. Mucus

8. What structure in the respiratory system protects us from choking?

A. Epiglottis B. Larynx C. Pharynx D. Trachea

9. What are referred to as extensions of specialized epidermal cells that

increase the surface area for absorption in plants?
A. micorrhizae B. root hairs C. root nodules D.secondary roots

10. What happens in pulmonary circulation? In pulmonary circulation, there is

an exchange of gases between the _______
A. heart and the lungs. B. lungs and the kidneys.
C. heart and the kidneys. D. heart and the body parts.

11. What is transported by the xylem vessels in the vascular bundle?

A. food B. glucose C. starch D. water

12. Which of the following animals exhibit open circulatory system?

A. frog B. insect C. man D. snake

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 13. Which blood cell is responsible in bringing oxygen to the body cells? A.
erythrocyte B. blood platelet C. leucocyte D.lymphocyte

14. What is the process of removing water from plants?

A. absorption B. circulation C. respiration D. transpiration

15. Which blood vessel allows gas exchange with the cell?
A. artery B. capillaries C. vein D. none

References
Printed Materials:

Dela Peña, Renato Jr., Gracilla, Daniel and Pangilinan, Christian. 2016. General
Biology. Pasay City: JFS Publishing Services

Website:

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“The Respiratory System Packet”. Accessed at
https://www.tesd.net/cms/lib/PA01001259/Centricity/Domain/595/Respiratory
%20System%20Packet%2014.pdf

“The Respiratory System”. (2021) Accessed at

https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/21205-
respiratorysystem#:~:text=The%20respiratory%20system%20is%20the,waste
%20gases%20like %20carbon%20dioxide.

“Exchange and Transport in Animals”. Accessed at

https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zcpwng8/revision/3

“Transport Systems in Plants”. Accessed at

https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/z28g7p3/revision/1

“Transport Systems-Plants”. Accessed at

https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/z8dpqhv/revision/4

“Comparing Transport in Mammals and Plants”. Accessed at

http://www.esalq.usp.br/lepse/imgs/conteudo_thumb/Comparing-Transport-
inMammals-and-Plants.pdf

“Diagram of the Circulatory System”. Accessed at

https://www.livescience.com/27585-human-body-system-
circulationinfographic.html#:~:text=The%20circulatory%20system%20consists
%20of,hormone s%20to%20and%20from%20cells.

“Heart Zone”.
https://www.heart.org/idc/groups/heartpublic/@wcm/@fc/documents/download
able/ucm_451993.pdf

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