05.3 Bab 3

30
BAB III
PERENCANAAN STRUKTUR
3.1 Perencanaan Kuda - Kuda
Gambar 3.1 Kuda-kuda
3.1.1 Perencanaan Gording
1. Data rangka atap
Bentang kuda-kuda = 6,40 m
Jarak kuda-kuda = 3,30 m
Sudut kemiringan atap = 45 °
2. Perhitungan panjang batang
Bl=B2=B3=B4=l,6m
tg45° =V2/3,0
V2= 3,2 m
tg45° =V1/1,5
31
VI = 1,6 m
Cos 45" = 1,5/Al
A 1=2,263 m
Tabel 3.1 Panjang Batang Kayu

Batang Panjang (m)
A1-A4 2,263
B1-B4 1,6
V1=V3 1,6
V2 3,2
3 Pembebanan gording
Kayu kelas I = 1 gr/cm3 = 1000 kg/m3
Jarak antar gording = 2,263 m
Jarak kuda-kuda = 3,30 m
o „ = 1 . 150. 5/4= 187,5 kg/cm2
a. Beban angin (W)
Bangunan di daerah angin daratan W=25 kg/m:
Angin tekan (Wt) a < 65 °
CI =0,02 . a-0,4
= 0,02 . 45 - 0,4 = 0,5
Wt = Clx W x jarak gording
= 0,5x25x2,263
= 28,2875 kg/m
32
Angin Hisap (Wh)
C2= -0,4
Wh = C2 x W x jarak gording
= -0,4 x 25 x 2,263
= 22,63 kg/m
b. Beban orang
p = 100 kg
Px = P Cos a
= 100 Cos 45° =70,71 kg
Py=100Sin45°
= 70,71 kg
c. Beban atap
q=50 kg/m2
qx = q . L . Cos a = 50 . 2,263 . Cos 45 ° = 80,0 kg/m
qy = q. L . Sin a = 50 . 2,263. Sin 45 ° = 80,0 kg/m
d. Berat gording
Kayu kelas kuat I, E = 125.000 kg/cm2
dimensi gording 8/12 , Bj = 1000 kg/m3
q = b. h. Bj = 0,08 . 0,12. 1000 = 9,6 kg/m
qx = q . Cos a = 9,6 . Cos 45 " = 6,79 kg/m
qy = q . Sin a = 9,6 . Sin 45 ° = 6,79 kg/m

33
4 Tegangan Tetap
q tetap = q atap + q gording
qx tetap = 80,0 + 6,79 = 86,79 kg/m
qy tetap = 80,0 + 6,79 = 86,79 kg/m
Mx= 1/8 . qx. L2 + 1/4 . Px. L
= 1/8. 86,79 2,263 2+ %. 70,71. 2,263 = 95,5625 kg m
My = 1/8 . qy. L2+V4.Py. L
= 1/8. 86,79 2,263 2+ V* . 70,71. 2,263 = 95,5625 kg m

Wx = 1/6 . b. h2= 1/6 . 8. 122 = 192 cm3
Wy =l/6.b2h=l/6. 12. 82 =128 cm3
Mx My
alt = + —-<alt
Wx Wy
95,5625x100 95,5625x100
= ^ + ^ =124,430kg /cm2 <187,5kg / cm2
5. Tegangan Sementara I
qx si = qx tetap + ql angin
= 86,79 + 28,28755 =115,0775 kg/m
qy si = qy tetap = 86,79 kg/m
Mx si = 1/8 qx si L+ Va .Px. L
= 1/8 . 115,0775 . 2,263 + %. 70,71. 2,263 = 113,6706 kg m

My si = 1/8 . 86,79 . 2,263 + %. 70,71. 2,263 = 95,5625kg m
34
Mx.sl My. si _
113,6706x100 95,5625x100
;- + 12g <187.5kg/cm'
133,8616 kg/cm2 < 187,5 kg/cm2
6. Tegangan Sementara II
qx s2 = qx tetap + q2 angin
= 86,79 + (-22,63) = 64,16 kg/m
qy s2 = qy tetap
Mxs2= l/8qxs2L2
= 1/8 . 64,16. 2,263 2= 41,072 kg m
Mys2=l/8qys2L2
=1/8 . 86,79. 2,263 2= 55,5583 kg m
_ Mx.s2 My.s2 _
ahs2-_wx_+^T-CT'«
41,072x100 55,5583x100
—iST- +—i^— S187,5kg W
64,7966 kg/cm2 < 187,5 kg/cm2

7. Kontrol Lendutan
384 EI +48 EI <200 L

1= 1/12 . b. h
1/12. 8,123= 1152cm4

35
E= 125.000 kg/cm2
L= 330 cm (jarak kuda-kuda)
5 86,79x3304 1 70,71x3403 1
Fx = + < .340
384 125.000x1152x100 48 125.000x1152 200
0,9307 + 0,3676 = 1,3 cm < 1,7 cm
5 86,79x(340/2)4 1 70,71x3403 1
Fy = - '— + - < 340
384 125.00x1152x100 48 125.000x1152 200
0,0582 + 0,3676 =0,4258 cm < 1,7 cm
Fmax = JFx2 +Fy2 < ——.L

v 200
Jl,32 +0,42582 < 340

^ ' 200
1,368 cm < 1,7 cm Amaan !!
3.1.2 Perencanaan Dimensi Kuda-Kuda
1. Pembebanan
a. Beban Genteng (PPI 1983 ) = 50 kg/m2
P0 = V2 . 2,263 . 3,3 . 50 = 186,6975 kg
PI = V2 . 3,3 2,263. 50 .2 = 360,4 kg
b. Beban eternit (PPI 1983 ) = 11 kg/m2
P0' = V2. 1,6.3,3 . 11 =29,04 kg
VV = V2. 1,6.3,3. 11 .2 = 58,08 kg
c. Beban Plafond (PPI 1983 ) = 7 kg/m2
PO"^. 1,6.3,3 . 7 =18,48 kg

36
V\" = V*. 1,6.3,3 .7.2 = 36,96 kg
d. Berat Kuda-Kuda
ditaksir = 20 kg/m
PO"'^. 1,6. 20= 16 kg
PI'" = p2'» - P3'» = i/2. i>6 20. 2 = 32kg
e. Beban gording
dimensi gording 8/12
Kelas kuat II mutu A, Bj = 1,00 gr/cm3
PO - IV = 0,08 . 0,12 . 3,3 . 1000 = 31,68 kg
f. Beban Tak Terduga
Beban diatas rangka:
PO V-I = 10% . ( PO + PO-III + PO-IV)
= 10% . ( 186,6975 + 16+ 31,68 ) = 23,438 kg
PI V-I = P2 V-I = P3 V-I = P5 V-I
= 10% . ( PI + Pl-III + Pl-IV )
= 10% . (373,395+ 32 +31,68 ) = 43,7075 kg
Beban dibawah rangka :
PO V-2 = 10% . ( PO-I + PO-II )
= 10% . ( 29,04 + 18,48 ) = 4,752 kg
PI V-2 = P2 V-2 = P3 V-2
= 10%. (PI 11 +PI HI)
= 10% . (58,08+36,96) = 9,504 kg

37
Muatan Tetap :
diatas rangka
PO = 234,38 + 23,438 = 257,818 kg ~ 258 kg
PI = 437,075 + 43,7075 = 480,7825 kg ~ 481 kg
P2 = 468,76+ 46,876 = 515,636 kg ~ 516 kg
dibawah rangka :
PO = 47,52 + 4,752 = 52,272 Kg ~ 53 kg
PI = P2 = P3 = 95,04 + 9,504 = 104,544 kg ~ 105 kg

g. Beban Angin
Beban angin ( W ) = 25 kg/m2
Kemiringan atap = 45 °
Koefisien lereng atap menurut PPI 1983 untuk < 60 ° :
Angin datang .
D= W . ( 0,02 . - 0,4 )
= 25. (0,02. 45-0,4) =12,5 kg/m2
Angin pergi:
P= -0,4 . Wn
= -0,4. 25 = -10 kg/m2
Muatan angin datang :
PdO = >/2 . 2,263 . 3,3 .12,5 = 46,67 kg ~ 47 kg
Pdl = V2 . ( 2,263 + 2,263 ) . 3,3 . 12,5 = 93,35 kg ~ 94 kj

Pd2 = V2.( 2,263 + 2,263 ) . 3,3 . 12,5 = 93,35 kg ~ 94 ks
38
Muatan angin pergi :
PpO = V2 . 2,263 . 3,3 . 10 = 37,34 kg ~ 38 kg
Ppl = V2 . ( 2,263 + 2,263 ) 3,3 . 10 = 74,679 kg ~ 76 kg
Pp2 = Vi . ( 2,263 + 2,263 ) 3,3 . 10 = 74,679 kg ~ 76 k
(118 eg y
Gambar 3.2 Pembebanan tetap
A c
-640 —
Gambar 3.3 Pembebanan angin tekan
Gambar 3.4 Pembebanan angin hisap

39
2. Hitungan Dimensi Batang
Jenis kayu :
Kayu kelas II mutu A , Bj = 0,8 gr/cm3
beban tetap dan terlindung, (3 = 1
beban tetap dan tekanan angin, y = 5/4
alt = 1 . 5/4. 100= 125 kg/cm2
a* // = ah // = 1 . 5/4 . 85 = 106,25 kg/cm:
ads± = 1. 5/4 . 25 = 31,25 kg/cm2
xll =1. 5/4. 12 =10 kg/cm2
dengan Bj = 0,8 gr/cm3
alt =170. 0,8 = 136kg/cm2
^dS // = ah // = 150. 0,8 = 120 kg/cm2
adsl =40. 0,8 = 32 kg/cm2
xll =20. 0,8= 16 kg/cm2
dipakai nilai yang terkecil !!
-Batang atas
batang tekan :
gaya tekan maksimum = -1440,515 kg
panjang batang = 2,263 m
balok tunggal = 8/12
i min = 0,289 . b
40
= 0,289. 8 = 2,312 cm
1
\ =
lmin
••-TT7Z =97,88-98 kg/cm2

2,312 &
dicari faktor tekuk ( co )= 2,88
P.W
adslI=
_ 1440,515x2,88
12x8
= 43,215 kg/cm2 < = 106,25 kg/cm2
-Batang bawah
Batang tarik
Gaya tarik maksimum = 1138,806 kg
Panjang batang = 1,6 m
Balok tunggal = 6/8
Sambungan dengan baut, perlemahan 20%
P
crtr
0,8. F
1138,806
= 19,77 kg/cm2 < 106,25 kg/cm:
0,8.6.8
-Batang vertikal
Batang tarik
Gaya tarik maksimum = 759 kg

41
Panjang batang = 3,2 m
Balok ganda = 6/8
P
atr =
0,8. F
759
6,5885kg/cm2 < 106,25 kg/cm:
2x0,8x6x8
-Batang diagonal
batang tekan :
gaya tekan maksimum = 547,255 kg
panjang batang = 2,263 m
balok tunggal = 6/8
i min = 0,289 . b
= 0,289 . 6 = 1,734 cm
lmin
226,3
r^- B0,5 kgW
dicari faktor tekuk ( co )= 5,525
P.W
ods// =
547,225x5,525
6x8
42 kg/cm 2< 106,25 kg/cm:

42
3.1.3 Perencanaan Sambungan
1. Sambungan Join A
Gaya batang AI = - 1440,515kg
Gaya batang B1 = 1138,806 kg
Hubungan AI dengan Bl, menggunakan sambungan gigi
a = 45' Sin 1/2 a = 0,383 Sin a = 0,707
Cos 1/2 a = 0,924 Cos a = 0,707
adsl / 2a = ads / / - (ads / / - adsl)Sinl / 2a
75-(75-18,75). Sinl/2. 45
53,48 kg/cm:
S.Cos2l/2a 1440,505x0,8538
tv = =-L = . _. .. = 2,87 * 3
b.al/2a 8x53,48
S.Cosa 1440,505x0,707
Lv = —=— = . = 12,73 « 13cm
b.xll 8x10
syarat Lv > 15 cm
43
tv < % h = 3 cm
jadi Lv = 15 cm, tv = 2,4 cm
2. Sambungan Join B
Gaya batang Vl= 106,00 kg
Gaya batang Bl = 1138,806 kg
Hubungan VI dengan B menggunakan sambungan baut, 0 5/8" = 1,59 cm
Sambungangolongan III tampang dua :
P = 60.d.m.(l-0,6.Sina)
= 60.1,59.6.( l-0,6.Sin 90° ) = 228,96 kg
P=120.d.l.(l-0,6.Sina)
= 120.1,59.6.(1-0,6.Sin 90°) = 457,92 kg
P = 340.d2.(l-0,35.Sina)
= 340.1,592.( 1-0,35.Sin 90°) = 558,7101kg

nilai yang terkecil P = 228,96 kg
44
106
Jumlah baut 0,463 * 105/8'
228,96
J&l 8
1
— 1
1
o 1
1
H
3. Sambungan Join F
Gaya batang AI = -1352,995 kg
Gaya batang A2 = -927,317 kg
Gaya batang VI =106,00 kg
Gaya batang DI = -515,778 kg
Sambungan golongan II tampang dua :
P = 60.d.m.( l-0,6.Sin«)
= 60.1,59.6 ( l-0,6.Sin 45 ° ) = 329,5512kg
P = 120.d.l.(l-0,6.Sina)
= 120.1,59.6.( l-0,6.Sin 45 ° ) = 659,1025 kg
P = 340 d2. (1-0,35.Sina)
= 340.1,592.( 1-0,35.Sin 45 °) = 646,825 kg

nilai terkecil P=329,551kg
45
106
jumlah baut = 0,322 « 105/8"
329,5512
Sambungan DI dengan A menggunakan sambungan gigi
= 75 - (75-18,75). Sinl/2.90°
= 35,225 kg/cm2
S.Cos2l/2a 547,225x0,8538
tv = 2,2cm
b.al/2a 6x35,225
syarat tv < lA h = 3 cm
tv = 2,2 cm
4. Sambungan Join G
= 75-(75- 18,75). Sinl/2. 45
= 53,48 kg/cm2
46
S.Cos2l/2a 987,260x0,8538
tv = 1,97 * 2
b.al/2a 8x53,48
S.Cosa 987,260x0,707
Lv = —= = = 8,73cm
b.xl I 8x10
syarat Lv > 15 cm
tv < lA h = 3 cm
5. Sambungan Join C
Gaya batang V2 = 759,728 kg ' ^

Gaya batang DI = 547,225 kg
Gaya batang D2 = 547,225 kg
Hubungan B2, B3, dan V2 menggunakan plat U tebal 0,4 cm,
759 728
a = 18,75kg / cm2 ,lebar plat yang dibutuhkan L= = 675* 7cm
6x1875
47
Baut yang dibutuhkan untuk batang vertikal menggunakan sambungan
golongan III tampang satu :
P=25.d.m.( l-0,6.Sina)
=25.1,59.6.( l-0,6.Sin 0 ° ) = 238,5 kg
P=170.d2.m.( 1-0,35.Sum)
= 170.1,592.6.( l-0,35.SinO°) = 429,777 kg
nilai yang terkecil P = 238,5 kg
kekuatan baut dinaikkan 25%, P= 238,5 x 1,25 = 298,125 kg
759,728
Jumlah baut = —— = 2,55 * 3 buah baut
298,125
Hubungan antara D1,D2 dan V2 menggunakan sambungan gigi
adsl 12a = adsl/- (ads / / - ads±)Sinl / 2a
= 75-(75-18,75). Sinl/2. 45°
= 53,48 kg/cm2
S.Cos2l/2a 547,225x0,8538
tv = =-f- = = 1,456 « 1,5
b.al/2a 6x53,48
S.Cosa 547,225x0,707
Lv = —= = = 6,5cm
b.xll 6x10
syarat Lv > 15 cm
tv < Vi h = 3 cm

49
2. Daftar Kebutuhan Baut
Tabel 3.3 Kebutuhan Baut
Join 0 baut Jumlah
A = E — —
B = D 205/8 2
F = H 205/8 2
G 3 05/8 3
C 3 05/8 3
jumlah = lObuah
3. Kontrol berat kuda - kuda terhadap berat taksiran awal
Berat total kayu = 0,1007 ton = 100,7 kg
Berat baut + begel = 15% x berat total kayu
= 15% x 100,7
= 15,105 kg
Berat kuda - kuda /m = (15,105 + 100,7 )/ 6,4

= 18,1 kg < 20 kg Amaan!
57
3.2 Perencanaan Pelat
3.2.1 Analisa pembebanan
Beban tetap = beban mati + beban hidup
a. Beban mati
Beban mati lantai Basement
-Tebal pelat diambil = 20 cm
-Berat sendiri pelat =0,20 . 2400 = 480 kg/m2
-Berat pasir tebal 10 cm = 0,10 . 1600 = 160 kg/m:
-Berat ubin tebal 2 cm = 0,02 . 2400 = 48 kg/m2
-Berat spesi tebal 1 cm = 0,01 . 2100 = 21 kg/m2
qd =709 kg/m:
Beban mati lantai Groundfloor s/d Topfloor
-Tebal pelat diambil = 12 cm
-Berat sendiri pelat = 0,12 . 2400 = 288 kg/m2
-Berat pasir tebal 10 cm = 0,10 . 1600 =160 kg/m2
-Berat ubin tebal 2 cm = 0,02 . 2400 = 48 kg/m2
-Berat spesi tebal 1cm = 0,01 . 2100 =21 kg/m2
qd =517 kg/m:
58
b. Beban hidup
Beban hidup atau beban berguna menurut Peraturan Pembebanan Indonesia
untuk Gedung 1983 adalah sebagai berikut:
Ruang kantor =250 kg/cm2
Ruang serbaguna = 400 kg/cm2
Ruang Taman Kanak - Kanak = 250 kg/cm2
Pertokoan / koperasi = 250 kg/cm2
Gudang , ruang mesin = 400 kg/cm2
Musholla = 250 kg/cm2
Kamar sewa = 250 kg/cm2
Tabel 3.4 Spesifikasi Pembebanan

P,
Lantai Ruang Beban Mati (qd) Beban Hidup (ql) l,2.qd+ l,6.ql
ai (kg/m2) (kg/m2) (kg/m2)
Basement Parkir 709 800 2130,8
R.Pengelola 709 250 1250,8
RSampah 709 250 1250,8
Ground Floor R.Sewa 517 250 1020,4

Toko 517 250 1020,4
Taman Kanak 517 250 1020,4
RSerba Guna 517 400 1260,4
Musholla 517 250 1020,4
Gudang 517 400 1260,4
I R. Kamar Sewa 517 250 1020,4
II R. Kamar Sewa 517 250 1020,4
III R.Kamar Sewa 517 250 1020,4
IV RKamar Sewa 517 250 1020,4
Topfloor R.Kamar Sewa 517 250 1020,4

61
R« = MniX/(b.d2)
= 8,0975E6/(1000.96 2) = 0,879
2m.Rn
P perlu ~ 1~ - /1
m fy
1 2.11,294.0,879
1-Jl = 0,00374
**" 11,294 400
P per^P maka dipakai p min =0,00583
As = p , . b d
= 0,00593.1000. 96 =559,68 mm2
As0 = Va. k .D2 = Va. tc .82 = 50,265 mm2
jarak tulangan = ( 50,265. 1000 )/ 559,68 = 89,81 ~ 80 mm

dipakai 08-80
arah Y
Mnx = Mly/(() = 3,5536/0,8 = 4,441 KN.m
0,85.fc'.p1 600
pb =
fy 600 +fy
0,85.2.0,85 600
Pb 0,05376
240 600 + 240
P min = M/fy
= 1,4/240 = 0,00583
Pmax =0^5. pb
= 0,75. 0,05376 = 0,04032
m =fy/(0,85.fc)
=240/(0,85.25)= 11,294
Rn =Mmax/(b.d2)
= 4,441E6/(1000.88 2) = 0,5734
62
1 2m.Rn
perlu 1-
m
V "fy~
1 2.11,294.05734
perlu U294 1-Jl- 0,0024
400
r per/w r maka dipakai p min =0,00583
As = p , b d
= 0,00583.1000. 88 = 513,128 mm2
As 0 = y4. %.D2 = V4.7T ,82 = 50,265 mm2
jaraktulangan = ( 50,265. 1000 )/513,128 = 97,95 mm ~ 80 mm

dipakai 08-80
Perencanaanpenulangan tumpuan
arahx
Mnx = Mtx/<|>= 6,478/0,8 = 8,0975 KN.m
0,85.fa'. Bt 600
pb
fy 600 +fy
u 0,85.2.0,85 600
pb = o 05376
240 600 + 240
P „*, = 1,4/fy
= 1,4/240 = 0,00583
P max =0,75. pb
= 0,75. 0,05376 = 0,04032
m =fy/(0,85.fc)
=240/(0,85.25)= 11,294
^ =Mmax/(b.d2)
= 8,0975E6/(1000.96 2) = 0,879
63
2m.Rn
perlu I-"
m
fy~
1 2.11,294.0,879
1-Jl 0,00374
**"" 11,294 400
r1 perlu r min maka dipakai p min =0,00583
As pcriu. = Fp perlu
_,„.• b. d
= 0,00593.1000. 96 =559,68 mm2
As0 = Va. k .D2 = Va. k .82 = 50,265 mm2
jaraktulangan = ( 50,265. 1000 )/ 559,68 = 89,81 ~ 80 mm

dipakai 08-80
Perencanaan tulangan tumpuan
arahy
Mnx = Mty/<|>= 3,5536/0,8 = 4,441 KN.m
0,85.fc'.B1 600
pb
fy 600 +fy
u 0,85.2.0,85 600
Pb = = 0 05376
240 600 + 240 u'U3J/0
P min = 1,4/fy
= 1,4/240 = 0,00583
PmiX=0,75. pb
= 0,75. 0,05376 = 0,04032
m =fy/(0,85.fc)
=240/(0,85.25)= 11,294
^ =Mmax/(b.d2)
= 4,44lE6/( 1000.88 2) = 0,5734

64
2m.Rn
P perlu 1 Jl
m
2.11,294.05734
0,0024
perlu ] l2g4 1-Jl 400
P per^V mm -> maka dipakai p min =0,00583
AsPBh=P^'«- bd
= 0,00583.1000. 96 = 559,68 mm2
As0 = Va. ti .D2 = Va. k .82 = 50,265 mm2
jarak tulangan = ( 50,265. 1000 )/559,68 = 89,81 mm ~ 80 mm
dipakai 08-80
Perhitungan tulangan bagi
As bagi= (0,0018. 400. b.h)/fy
= ( 0,0018. 400. 1000. 120 )/240
= 360 mm2
dipakai A0 6 =28,26 mm2
jarak tulangan = (28,26 . 1000 )/360
= 78,5 mm~75 mm
pakai 0 6-75
Kontrol kapasitas momen
Lapangan arah x
C = 0,85 . fc'. b.a
= 0,85 . 25 . 1000. a = 21250 a

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Gambar 3.11 Potongan membujur

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53
Gambar 3.15 Denah lantai I & II
Gambar 3.16 Denah lantai III

54
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1
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i
yffifV
Gambar 3.17 Denah lantai IV
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mWr->, •i-
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Gambar 3.18 Denah lantai atas
55
Gambar 3.19 Perencanaan pelat lantai Basement
Gambar 3.20 Denah pelat lantai dasar
-j 660- -6fc0--
"T
la
-J-..L L
Gambar 3.21 Denah pelat lantai 1=lantai 2
= Balok induk
= Balok anak
56
— bf-0 — — - ' r n
lo !a 1 lo la ' 1q la ' la
6 40
1
i , 1
] 1 1 1 1 1
1
1 y ^ 9 1 9 9 I 9
GOO
[
1.
1— 1
Gambar 3.22 Denah pelat lantai 3
I 1
34 , 37 35 | 37 | 34
I I
1 1
36 ' 3 4
I
150 i 510 , £10 ,150.

, 150 | £10 | 510 | 150 ,
Gambar 3.23 Denahpelat lantai 4
Gambar 3.24 Denah pelat lantai atas

59
3.2.2 Penulangan Pelat Lantai
Mutu beton dan baja yang digunakan:
fc' = 25 Mpa
fy = 240 Mpa , tulangan pokok = (j) 8
tulangan bagi = (j) 6
Tipe 1
Distribusi momen
Lx = 3,3 m
3,3 Ly =4 m
"''/'j * *;".'rs"*'""*• ***VV \y«C -
Ly/Lx= 1,212
Gambar 3.25 Pelat tipe 1
Tabel 3.5 Distribusi Momen Pelat

M C
M= 0,001.qu.Lx2 .C ( KN.m)
Mix 46 5,112
Mly 38 4,223
Mtx 46 5.112
Mty 38 4,223
Kontrol Tebal Pelat
Lx 0,8 +
1500
h . =-
36+9p
60
240
3300. 0,8 +
1500/
58,67 mm < 120 mm
36 + 9..2
Kontrol terhadap geser
Vu=l,15. V2. qu.Lx
= 1,15 . V2. 10,204.3,3
= 19,3621 KN
penutup beton pb = 20 mm
d = h - pb - 1/2D
d= 120 - 20 - Vi 8 = 96 mm
Vc= VlV. b.d/6
Vc = V25 . 1000 . 96/2 = 80 KN > Vu Ok
Perencanaan tulangan lapangan
arahx
Mnx = Mlx/<j> = 5,112/0,8 = 6,39KN.m
0,85. fc'. ft, 600

pb
fy 600 + fy
0,85.2.0,85 600
pb 0.05376
240 600 + 240
Pmn = l,4/fy
= 1,4/240 = 0,00583
P™x=0,75. pb
= 0,75.0,05376 = 0,04032
m =fy/(0,85.fc)
=240/(0,85.25)= 11,294
Rn =Mmix/(b.d2)
= 6,39E6/( 1000.96 2) = 0,6934

1 2.m.Rn
P perlu = — 1--/1
m
fy
1 2.11,294.0,6934
perlu j U94 1- Jl = 0,00294
400
P penu<P mi, -> maka dipakai p miD =0,00583
As^=p^;u. b.d
= 0,00593.1000. 96 =559,68 mm2
As 0 = Va. k .D2 = Va. 71.82 = 50,265 mm2
jarak tulangan =( 50,265. 1000 )/ 559,68 =89,81 ~ 80 mm

dipakai 08-80
arah Y
Mnx = Mly/(j> = 4,223/0,8 = 5,2788 KN.m
0,85.fc'. ft, 600

pb =
fy 600 +fy
0,85.2.0,85 600
Pb = = 0 05376
240 600 + 240 u'u^/0
P „*, = 1,4/fy
= 1,4/240 = 0,00583
Pmax =0,75. pb
= 0,75. 0,05376 = 0,04032
m =fy/(0,85.fc)
=240/(0,85.25) = 11,294
^ =Mmsx/(b.d2)
= 5,2788E6/(1000.88 2) = 0,6816
62
2m.Rn
^ perlu
m
'-V fy J
1 2.11,294.0,6816
r perlu 1-Jl 0,0029
11,294 400
P per^P mm -> maka dipakai p mm =0,00583
As^Pre*,- b.d
= 0,00583.1000. 88 = 513,128 mm2
As0 = Va. k D2 = Va. k .82 = 50,265 mm2
jarak tulangan =( 50,265. 1000 )/513,128 =97,95 mm ~ 80 mm

dipakai 08-80
Perencanaan pemdangan tumpuan
arahx
Mnx = Mtx/<j> = 5,112/0,8 = 6,39 KN.m
0,85.fc'.p, 600
pb =
fy 600 +fy
0,85.2.0,85 600
pb=^r~6^+^=0'05376
P min = 1,4/fy
= 1,4/240 = 0,00583
Pm,x=0,75. pb
= 0,75. 0,05376 = 0,04032
m =fy/(0,85.fc)
=240/(0,85.25)= 11,294
^ =Mraax/(b.d2)
= 6,39E6/(1000.96 2) = 0,6934
? m Rn
P perlu
,m- 1-Jl-
m fy
1 2.11,294.0,6934
0,0029
perlu
11,294 '-V1 400
P p^P ^ -> maka dipakai p min =0,00583
As = p . b d
= 0,00593.1000. 96 =559,68 mm2
As0 = Va. %.D2 = Va. tt.82 = 50,265 mm'
jarak tulangan =( 50,265. 1000 )/ 559,68 == 89,81 ~ 80 mm
dipakai 08-80
arah y
Mnx = Mty/<)> = 4,223/0,8 = 5,2787KN.m
0,85. fc'. p. 600

pb =
fy 600 + fy
0,85.2.0,85 600
Pb =~^0— 6^+1^ =°'05376
P mm = 1,4/fy
= 1,4/240 = 0,00583
Pmax=0,75. pb
= 0,75.0,05376 = 0,04032
m =fy/(0,85.fc)
=240/(0,85.25)= 11,294
Rn =Mmax/(b.d2)
= 5,2787E6/(1000.88 2) = 0,6816
64
2.m.Rn
r perlu
per -Jl-
m
fy
2.11,294.0,6816
H patlu 1-Jl = 0,0029
11,294 400
P periu <P min -> maka dipakai p ^=0,00583
As puiu
= Kp perlu
, b" • "d
= 0,00583.1000. 96 = 559,68 mm2
As0 = Va. k D2 = Va. k 82 = 50,265 mm2
jarak tulangan = ( 50,265. 1000 )/559,68 = 89,81 mm ~ 80 mm

dipakai 08-80
Perhitungan tulangan bagi
As bagi= (0,0018. 400. b. h)/fy
= (0,0018.400. 1000. 120)/240
= 360 mm2
dipakai A0 6 =28,26 mm2
jarak tulangan = (28,26 . 1000 )/360
= 78,5 mm~75 mm
pakai 0 6-75
Kontrol kapasitas momen
Lapangan arah x
C = 0,85 fc'. b.a
= 0,85.25. 1000. a = 21250 a

65
T = As.fy
= 559,68 . 400 = 223872 N
keseimbangan gaya C =T
21250 a = 223872
a= 10,5352 mm
Mn ,„, = Ts . ( d - a/2 )
= 223872.(96- 10,5352/2) E-6
= 20,3124KNm>5,112KNm
Tumpuan arah x
C = 0,85 . fc'. b.a
= 0,85 .25. 1000. a = 21250 a
T = As.fy
= 559,68 . 400 = 223872 N
21250 a = 223872
a= 10,5352 mm
Mntot = Ts.(d-a/2)
= 223872. (96-10,5352/2) E-6
= 20,3124 KNm> 5,112 KNm
Lapangan arah y
Cc = 0,85 . fc'. b.a
= 0,85.25. 1000. a = 21250 a

66
Ts = As.fy
= 513,128 . 400 = 205251,2 N
21250 a = 205251,2
a= 9,6589 mm
Mnlol = Ts.(d-a/2)
=205251,2. (88-9,6569/2) E-6
= 17,701 KNm> 4,223 KNm
Tumpuan arah y
C = 0,85 . fc'. b.a
= 0,85 . 25 . 1000. a = 21250 a
T = As.fy
= 559,68 . 400 = 223872 N
21250 a = 223872
a= 10,5352 mm
Mn tot = Ts . ( d - a/2 )
= 223872. (96-10,5352/2) E-6
= 20,3124 KN m > 4,223 KN, m

67
Tabel 3.6Penulangan Pelat Tipe12
Daerah Tulangan Pokok Tulangan

arahX arahY
Tumpuan 08-80 08-80 08-75
Lapangan 08-80 08-80
hasil dari penulangan tipe pelat yang lain ditabelkan

Tabel 3.7 Penulangan Pelat Terpasang
TIPE LY(m) LX(m) M(KN.m) Rn As(mnv) Jarak.TuI Pakai
3.3 46 MLX=5.111592 0.693304 0.00583 0.002937 559.68 89.81025 D8-80

3.3 38 MLY=4.222619 0.681595 0.00583 0.002887 559.68 89.81025 D8-80
3.3 46 MTX=5.111592 0.693304 0.00583 0.002937 559.68 89.81025 D8-80
3.3 38 MTY=4.222619 0.572729 0.00583 0.002419 559.68 89.81025 D8-80
1a 3.3 2.4 53 MLX=3.115077 0.422509 0.00583 0.001778 559.68 89.81025 D8-80

2.4 38 MLY=2.233452 0.360513 0.00583 0.001515 559.68 89.81025 D8-80
2.4 53 MTX=3.115077 0.422509 0.00583 0.001778 559.68 89.81025 D8-80
2.4 38 MTY=2.233452 0.302931 0.00583 0.001271 559.68 89.81025 D8-80
2.6 61 MLX=4.207721 0.570709 0.00583 0.002411 559.68 89.81025 D8-80

2.6 51 MLY=3.517931 0.567848 0.00583 0.002399 559.68 89.81025 D8-80
2.6 61 MTX=4.207721 0.570709 0.00583 0.002411 559.68 89.81025 D8-80
2.6 51 MTY=3.517931 0.47715 0.00583 0.002011 559.68 89.81025 D8-80
6.6 59 MLX=9.632576 1.306502 0.00583 0.005622 559.68 89.81025 D8-80

36 MLY=5.877504 0.948719 0.00583 0.004045 559.68 89.81025 D8-80
59 MTX=9.632576 1.306502 0.00583 0.005622 559.68 89.81025 D8-80
36 MTY=5.877504 0.797188 0.00583 0.003386 559.68 89.81025 D8-80
6.6 2.4 54 MLX=3.173852 0.430481 0.00583 0.001812 559.68 89.81025 D8-80

2.4 19 MLY= 1.116726 0.180257 0.00583 0.000754 559.68 89.81025 D8-80
2.4 54 MTX=3.173852 0.430481 0.00583 0.001812 559.68 89.81025 D8-80
2.4 56 MTY=3.291402 0.446425 0.00583 0.00188 559.68 89.81025 D8-80
ON
00
62 MLX=10.12237 1.372934 0.00583 0.005918 568.1621 88.46947 D8-80
34 MLY=5.550976 0.896012 0.00583| 0.003816
62
559.68 89.81025 D8-80
MTX=10.12237 1.372934 0.00583 0.005918 568.1621 88.46947
34 MTY=5.550976 D8-80
0.752899 0.00583 0.003195 559.68 89.81025 D8-80
3.2 61 MLX=6.373827 0.864506 0.00583
3.2
0.003679 559.68 89.81025
35 MLY=3.657114 D8-80
0.590314 0.00583 0.002495
3.2 61 559.68 89.81025 D8-80
MTX=6.373827 0.864506 0.00583
3.2 0.003679 559.68 89.81025 D8-80
35 MTY=3.657114 0.496028 0.00583 0.002091 559.68 89.81 f)75 D8-80
3.2 _2_ 58 MLX=2.367328 0.321089 0.00583
_2_ 0.001348 559.68 89.81025 D8-80
36 MLY=1.469376 0.23718 0.00583 0.000994 559.68
_2_ 58 89.81025 D8-80
MTX=2.367328 0.321089 0.00583
2 0.001348 559.68 89.81025
36 MTY=1.469376 D8-80
0.199297 0.00583 0.000834 559.68 89.81025 D8-80
_4_ 56 MLX=9.142784 1.240069 0.00583 0.005327 559.68
_4_ 37 89.81025 D8-80
MLY=6.040768 0.975072 0.00583
_4_ 0.004161 559.68 89.81025
56 MTX=9.142784 D8-80
1.240069 0.00583 0.005327
4 37 MTY=6.040768
559.68| 89.81025 D8-80
0.819332 0.00583 0.003482 559.68 89.81025 D8-80
9 3.3 60 MLX=6.667294 0.90431 0.00583
3.3 0.003852 559.68 89.81025 D8-80
35 MLY=3.889255 0.627785 0.00583 0.002656
3.3 60 559.68 89.81025 D8-80
MTX=6.667294 0.90431 0.00583
3.3 0.003852 559.68 89.81025 D8-80
35 MTY=3.889255 0.527514 0.00583 0.002226 559.68 89.81025 D8-80
10 2.4 46 MLX=1.877536 0.254657 0.00583 0.001068 559.68 89.81025 D8-80
38 MLY=1.551008 0.250356 0.00583 0.001049 559.68
_2_ 46 MTX=1.877536 89.81025 D8-80
0.254657 0.00583 0.001068 559.68
2 38 89.81025 D8-80
MTY=1.551008 0.210369 0.00583 0.000881 559.68 89.81025 D8-80
11 3.2 48 ON
MLX=5.01547 0.680?fi7 0.00583I 0.002881 559.681 89.81025 D8-80
3.2 38 MLY=3.97058 0.640912 0.00583 0.002712 559.68
3.2 48 89.81025 D8-80
MTX=5.01547 0.680267 0.00583 0.002881 559.68 89.81025 D8-80
3.2 38 MTY=3.97058 0.538544 0.00583 0.002273 559.68 89.81025 D8-80
12 6.6 3.2 62 MLX=6.478316 0.878678 0.00583 0.00374 559.68 89.81025 D8-80
3.2 34 MLY=3.552625 0.573448 0.00583 0.002423 559.68
3.2 62 89.81025 D8-80
MTX=6.478316 0.878678 0.00583 0.00374 559.68 89.81025 D8-80
3.2 34 MTY=3.552625 0.481856 0.00583 0.002031 559.68 89.81025 D8-80
13 56 MLX=9.142784 1.240069 0.00583 0.005327 559.68 89.81025 D8-80
37 MLY=6.040768 0.975072 0.00583 0.004161 559.68
56 89.81025 D8-80
MTX=9.142784 1.240069 0.00583 0.005327 559.68 89.81025 D8-80
37 MTY=6.040768 0.819332 0.00583 0.003482 559.68 89.81025 D8-80
ground
15 6.6 2.4 63 MLX=3.702828 0.502228 0.00583 0.002118 559.68 89.81025 D8-80
2.4 13 MLY=0.764076 0.123333 0.00583 0.000515 559.68
2.4 63 89.81025 D8-80
MTX=3.702828 0.502228 0.00583 0.002118 559.68 89.81025 D8-80
2.4 38 MTY=2.233452 0.302931 0.00583 0.001271 559.68 89.81025 D8-80
16 6.6 _6_ 42 MLX=15.42845 2.092617 0.00583
6
0.009197 882.9001 56.9317 D8-50
37 MLY=13.59173 2.193913 0.00583 0.009669 928.2497
42 54.1503 D8-50
MTX= 15.42845 2.092617 0.00583 0.009197 882.9001 56.9317 D8-50
37 MTY=13.59173 1.843496 0.00583 0.008047 772.5015 65.06783 D8-60
serbaguna17 6.6 42 MLX=18.78509 2.547891 0.00583 0.011343 1088.903 46.16113 D8-40
37 MLY=16.54877 2.671224 0.00583 0.011934 1145.703
42 43.87264 D8-40
MTX=18.78509 2.547891 0.00583 0.011343 1088.903 46.16113 D8-40
37 MTY=16.54877 2.24457 0.00583 0.009907 951.0311
gudang18 6.6 59 52.85316 D8-50
MLX=11.72826 1.590747 0.00583 0.006897 662.0839 75.91938 D8-70
36 MLY=7.156224 1.155124 0.00583 0.004951 559.68 89.81025
59 D8-80
MTX=11.72826 1.590747 0.00583 0.006897 662.0839 75.91938
36 D8-70
MTY=7.156224 0.970625 0.00583 0.004141 559.68 89.81025 D8-80
pengurus19 62 MLX=5.693832 0.772275 0.00583 0.003279 559.68 89.81025 D8-70
35 MLY=3.21426 0.518831 0.00583 0.002189 559.68
62
89.81025 D8-80
MTX=5.693832 0.772275 0.00583 0.003279 559.68 89.81025 D8-70
35 MTY=3.21426 0.435962 0.00583 0.001836 559.68 89.81025 D8-80
hall20 3.6 59 MLX=9.499887 1.288505 0.00583 0.005542 559.68
3.6 36
89.81025 D8-70
MLY=5.796541 0.93565 0.00583 0.003988 559.68 89.81025 D8-80
3.6 59 MTX=9.499887 1.288505 0.005830.005542 559.68
3.6 36
89.81025 D8-70
MTY=5.796541 0.786206 0.00583 0.003339 559.68 89.81025 D8-80
basement
parkir21 6.4 3.3 61 MLX=13.16623 0.537397 0.00583 0.002268 1020.25 76.98015 D8-70
3.3 35 MLY=7.554393 0.34685 0.00583 0.001457 961.95
3.3 61 81.64562 D8-80
MTX=13.16623 0.537397 0.00583 0.002268 1020.25 76.98015 D8-70
3.3 35 MTY=7.554393 0.308343 0.00583 0.001294 1020.25 76.98015 D8-70
22 3.3 60 MLX=12.95039 0.528587 0.00583 0.002231 1020.25 76.98015 D8-70
3.3 35 MLY=7.554393 0.34685 0.00583 0.001457 961.95
3.3 60
81.64562 D8-80
MTX=12.95039 0.528587 0.00583 0.002231 1020.25 76.98015 D8-70
3.3 35 MTY=7.554393 0.308343 0.00583 0.001294 1020.25 76.98015 D8-70
23 6.6 3.2 62 MLX=12.58332 0.513605 0.00583 0.002167 1020.25 76.98015 D8-70
3.2 34 MLY=6.900531 0.316829 0.00583 0.00133 961.95
3.2 81.64562 D8-80
62 MTX=12.58332 0.513605 0.00583 0.002167 1020.25 76.98015
3.2 34 D8-70
MTY=6.900531 0.281654 0.00583 0.001181 1020.25 76.98015 D8-70
30 6.6
MLX=4.86985~ 0.1987691 0.00583 0.000832!
2.4 13 MLY=1.00489
1020.25 76.980151 D8-70
0.046138' 0.00583 0.000192'
2.4 63 961.95 81.64562" D8-80
MTX=4.86985 0.198769
2.4
0.00583' 0.000832' 1020.25' 76.98015"
38 MTY=2.93737 D8-70
0.119893 0.00583' 0.000501' 1020.25" 76.98015"
D8-70
31 2.4 59 MLX=4.560653 0.186149 0.00583" 0.000779" 1020.25" 76.98015"
36 MLY=2.782771 D8-70
0.127767
2.4
0.00583" 0.000534" 961.95' 81.64562"
59 MTX=4.560653 D8-80
0.186149
2.4
0.00583" 0.000779 " 1020.25" 76.98015"
36 MTY=2.782771 D8-70
0.113582' 0.00583 0.000475 " 1020.25
76.98015" D8-70
32 6.6 2.4 63 MLX=7.192282 0.293563 0.00583 0.001232 " 1020.25"
2.4 13 MLY=1.484122 76.98015" D8-70
0.068141
2.4
0.00583' 0.000284 ~ 961.95" 81.64562"
63 MTX=7.192282 D8-80
0.293563' 0.00583 0.001232" 1020.25"
2.4 38 76.98015 D8-70
MTY=4.338202 0.177069' 0.00583 0.000741 1020.25" 76.98015 D8-70
33
63 MLX=3.38184 0.138034' 0.00583 0.000577 ~ 1020.25"
13 MLY=0.69784 76.98015 D8-70
0.03204 0.00583 0.000134
63 961.95 81.64562" D8-80
MTX=3.38184 0.138034 0.00583' 0.000577 1020.25 76.98015"
38 MTY=2.03984 D8-70
fourth 0.083259' 0.00583" 0.000348 1020.25' 76.98015"
D8-70
34 32 MLX=2.938752 0.398594 0.00583" 0.001677 ~ 559.68" 89.81025"
18 MLY=1.653048 D8-80
0.266827" 0.00583" 0.001119' 559.68 89.81025" D8-80
70 MTX=6.42852 0.871924 0.00583" 0.003711
57 559.68 89.81025" D8-80
MTY=5.234652 0.709995' 0.00583 0.003009 559.68' 89.81025" D8-80
35 2.1 40 MLX=1.799986 0.244139 0.00583' 0.001023'
2.1 12 559.68" 89.81025" D8-80
MLY=0.539996~ 0.087164 0.00583" 0.000364'
2.1 83 559.68" 89.81025 D8-80
MTX=3.73497 0.506588' 0.00583" 0.002137"
2.1 57 559.68" 89.81025 D8-80
MTY=2.564979 0.347898' 0.00583" 0.001462"
36I 3.2 2.1 36 559.68" 89.81025 D8-80
MLX=1.619987 0.219725 0.00583 " 0.00092" 559.68' 89.81025' D8-80
75
3.2.3 Penulangan pelat pendukung sebagai balok

Untuk menahan tembok yang mempunyai beban seberat 750 kg/m
diperlukan balok pendukung dengan pertimbangan artistik. Maka diambil lebar
50 cm dibawah tembok yang dianggap menahan beban tembok.
Gambar 3.26 Pelat sebagai pendukung balok

qu= 1,2. 750 =900 kg/m
M(+)=1/I6.qu. L2
= 1/16. 900. 3,3 2
= 612,5625 kg.m = 6,1256 KN.m
M(-)=l/ll . qu. L2
= 1/11 .900. 3,3 2
= 891kg.m = 8,91 KN.m
Vu= 1/2. 900. 3,3 . 1,15
= 1707,75 kg = 17,0775 KN
Penulangan Tumpuan
/>_= 0,02432 ; d= 120 - 20 - 1/2.10 = 95mm

77
3.2.4 Perencanaan pelat tangga

1 Tangga Lantai - IV
i'10
\l LANTAI-IV
I/-
h --25C .V hi?
«~
r
150
j L_
J_ Qptrede = 20 en
Antrede = £5 -n
18 0
Gambar 3.27 Tangga lantai -IV
Berdasar tebal minimum, pelat tangga atas:

L 326,7
= 16,335cm * 20cm
20 20
Berdasar tebal minimum, plat tangga bawah:

L 131,26
= 6,563cm « 10cm
20 20
Penutup beton diambil pb = 2cm ; 012
d=20-2 -0,5.1,2= 17,4 cm (atas)

d=10-2-0,5.1,2 =7,4cm(bawah)
hb=17,4. 32,015 + 0,5 optrede

25
32,2824 cm (atas)
78
hb = 7,4. .32,015 +0,5 optrede

25
= 19,4764 cm (bawah)
Beban pada tangga atas :
-Beban tangga =0,323 .0,75. 2400 =581,4 kg/m

-Bebanspesi =0,02.0,75.2100 =31,5 kg/m
-Beban tegel =0,03.0,75.2400 =54 kg/m
qd = 666,9 kg/m
-Beban hidup =200 kg/m2
-Beban pagar besi = 50 kg/m2
ql =250 kg/m2 =250. 0,75 =187,5 kg/m

qu = 1,2 . qd + 1,6 . ql
=1,2 . 666,9 +1,6 . 187,5 =1100,28 kg/m

Bebanpada bordes:
-Berat bordes =0,1. 0,75. 2400 =180 kg/m

-Beban spesi =0,02 .0,75. 2100 =31,5 kg/m
-Beban tegel =0,03 .0,75. 2400 =54 kg/m
qd =265,5 kg/m
qu=l,2.qd+ 1,6 ql
= 1,2 . 265,5 + 1,6. 187,5= 618,6 kg/m

79
Beban tangga bawah :
-beban tangga =0,195 .0,75. 2400 =351 kg/m

-Beban spesi =0,02 . 0,75. 2100 =31,5 kg/m
-Beban tegel =0,03 .0,75. 2400 = 54 kg/m
qd = 436,5 kg/m
qu=l,2.qd+l,6. ql
= 1,2 . 436,5 +1,6. 187,5 =823,8 kg/m

♦Penulangan Tangga Bawah*
Penulangan Momen Lapangan
M+ = 59,505 Kg m= 59,505 104Nmm

Mutu beton dan baja . fc' =30 Mpa
fy = 400 Mpa
0,85.fc'. p 600
pb =
fy '600 + fy
_ 0,85.25.0,85 600
400 600 +400 =°'033
P m,k = 0,75. pb = 0,75. 0,033 = 0,025
L4 ]>4
fy 400
m =
fy 400
0,85. fc' 0,85.30 = 15,6863
Rn =
Mn _ 59,505E4
b.d2 "" O^.IOOOT? =°'128
2m.Rn
pperlu = — 1-Jl
m ~Fy~
80
1 2.15,6863.0,128
1-Jl = 0,0003
15,6863 400
pakai/> ^ = 0,0035
As=/7perIu . b. d
= 0,0035. 1000 .74 = 259 mm2
A012= 113,097 mm2
•r , , .
jarak tulangan < 113,097.1000
— =436j667 mm
dipakai 012 - 25 ; As = 452,4 mm2 >259 mm2

Penulangan Momen Tumpuan
M = 109,25 kg m = 109,25 E4 Nmm
Rn =
Mn_ 109,25£4
0,235
b.d2 ~ 0,85.1000.742
Pmak =0,025
pmia = 0,0035
Ppû^ 0,0017
PakaiPmin= 0,0035
As = 0,0035 . 1000 . 74 =259 mm2
jarak«u,a„ga„,ili^ =436>667mm
dipakai 012-25 As =452,4 mm2 >259 mm2
81
Tulangan bagi
As bagi = ( 0,0018 . 400 . b . h )/ fy
=( 0,0018 . 400 . 1000 . 100 )/400
= 180 mm2
A08 = 50,2655 mm2
. , 4, 50,2655.1000
jarak tulangan < — = 279,25 mm
IoO
pakai 08-25
Cek tahanan momen:
As.fy 452,4.400
(0,85.fc').b ~(0,85.30).1000 =7,lmm
z = d-a/2 = 74 - 7,1/2 =70,45 mm
Mn = As. fy . z
=452,4 . 400 . 70,45 = 12748632 N.mm = 1274,86 Kg.m

MR =0,8 Mn = 1019,89 Kg m>Mu = 109,25 Kg m
PenulanganTangga Atas *
M+=320,82 Kg m = 320,82 104Nmm
pmA =0,025
pmm = 0,0035
/Vm= 0,0003
P^^ P mm = 0,0035
82
As = 0,0035 . 1000 . 174 = 609 mm2
. . . 113,097.1000
dipakai 012-18 As = 628 mm2 > 609 mm2
M =646,39 Kg m = 646,39. 10 4Nmm
PmA =0,025
^ ^ = 0,0035
/?perlu= 0,0006
P^^ P ^=0,0025
As = 0,0035 . 1000 . 174 = 609 mm2
• ., ,
— = i85)71 n^
dipakai 012 - 18 As = 628 mm2 > 609 mm:

Tulangan Bagi
As bagi = ( 0,0018 . 400 . b . h)/fy

=( 0,0018 . 400 . 1000 . 200 )/400
= 360 mm2
A08 = 50,2655 mm2
iaraW i
— = 139,625mm
pakai 08-13
83
Cek lahanan momen:
As.fy 628.400
(0,85. ft"), b=(0,85.30).1000 =9'85mm
z = d-a/2 = 174 - 9,85/2 =169,075 mm
Mn = As. fy . z
= 628 . 400 . 169,075= 42471640 Nmm = 4247,164 Kg.m
MR = 0,8 . Mn = 3397,73 Kg m > Mu = 646,39 Kg m
Balok Bordes
coba 30/40
Pembebanan:
q. balok = 0,3 . (0,4 - 1). 2400 . 1,2 =259,2 kg/m
q.bordes = = 659,84 kg/m
q. tangga = = 2383 kg/m
3302,04 kg/m
M(+)=l/ll .3158,04. 1,5 2= 645,963 kg.m
M (-) =1/16 . 3158,04 . 1,52 =444,1 kg.m
Penulangan balok
Penulangan momen lapangan
M=645,963 kg m
balok 30/40
selimut beton 40 mm, d = 400 -60 = 340 mm
P«* =0,025
pmm= 0,0035
/Vh,= 0,001 , pakai pmm = 0,0035
As = 0,0035 . 300 . 340 = 357 mm2
Pakai 2 019 As=567 mm2 >As perlu =357 mm2
Penulangan momen tumpuan
sama dengan hitungan diatas, didapat 2019
Penulangan geser
Vu = (3302,04 x 1,5 )/2 = 2476,53
Vu dari muka kolom sejauh d = 693,43 kg
<j>Vc = 0,6. VfcVbw. d
= 0,6. V30 . 300 . 340
= 55867,7 N = 5586,77 kg > 693,43 kg
maka pakai tulangan geser minimum
Av = 20 10= 157 mm2
s = (3 . Av. fy)/bw
= (3. 157. 400 )/300 = 628 mm
syarat :s < d/2 = 170 mm atau s < 600 mm ; pakai DlO-160
2019
201O-36U
400l
?0G-
Gambar 3.28 Potongan balok bordes tangga lantai -IV

85
Pelat Bordes
150 cm
80 cm
M += 126,35 Kg m= 126,35 104Nmm
M =466,08 Kg m = 466,08 104Nmm
tebal pelat = 10 cm
mak 0,025
p
i
•= 0,0035
mm "
Pperiu= 0,0007
Pakai ,0,^=0,0035
As = 0,0035 . 1000 . 74 = 259 mm:
. , , 113,097.1000
dipakai 012-25 As = 452,388 mm2 > 259 mm:
Pada daerahmomen negatif
M ~= 466,08 Kg m = 466,08 104N mm
Pm* =0,025
pmm= 0,0035
/V.u= 0,0011
86
pakai pmm= 0,0035
As = 0,0035 . 1000 . 74 = 259 mm'
113,097.1000
jarak tulangan < —-—— = 436,67 mm
dipakai 012 - 25 As = 452,388 mm2 > 259 mm2
Tulangan Bagi
As bagi = ( 0,0018 . 400 . b . h)/ fy
=( 0,0018 . 400 . 1000 . 100 )/400
= 180 mm2
A08 = 50,2655 mm2
50,2655.1000
pakai 08-2
Cek torsi balok bordes
dari momen tumpuan plat:
400 M=466,08Kg m =Tu =4,6608 KN.m
300
Ex y= 3002.400 +400.1002 = 40E6mm3
0\ —VfcTJZx2y =0,6.—V25.40 =5,48KNM >4,6608 KN.M
-» maka akibat torsi diabaikan

87
2.Lantai tangga luar ( basement > groundfloor)
1 \^
ijP
t
i
1
'
/
J ' V
200
J
C^+recJe •= 19 c-
;9-J^--"i ,h^trede = 30 cr
IOC
fc
50
;T Cctrede = c5 cr
Art rede = 30 c.^
Gambar 3.31 Tangga luar basemen-lantai dasar

Berdasar tebal minimum, plat tangga atas:
L 282,84
= 14,142cm « 15cm
20 20
d= 15-2-0,5.1,2=12,4 cm
hb = 7,4. 39,015 + 0,5 .25 (optrede )

30
= 28,64 cm
Beban pada tangga :
-Beban tangga = 0,2864 . 0,75. 2400 = 515,52 kg/m
-Beban spesi = 0,02 . 0,75. 2100 =31,5 kg/m
-Beban tegel = 0,03 . 0,75. 2400 = 54 kg/m
qd = 601,02 kg/m
88
-Beban hidup = 200 kg/m2
-Beban pagar besi =50 kg/m2
ql = 250 kg/m2 =250. 0,75 = 187,5 kg/m
qu= 1,2 . qd+ 1,6 . ql
= 1,2 . 601,02 + 1,6 . 187,5 =1021,244 kg/m
Beban pada bordes:
-Berat bordes = 0,12. 0,75. 2400 = 216 kg/m
-Beban spesi = 0,02 .0,75. 2100 = 31,5 kg/m
-Beban tegel = 0,03 .0,75. 2400 =54 kg/m
qd =301,5 kg/m
qu = 1,2 . qd + 1,6 ql
= 1,2 . 301,5 + 1,6. 187,5= 661,8 kg/m
*Penulangan Tangga bawah*
M += 1079,3 Kg m= 1079,3 104Nmm
Mutu beton dan baja : fc' = 30 Mpa
fy = 400 Mpa
0,85.fc'.p 600
pb =
fy '600 + fy
0,85.30.0,85 600
0,033
400 600 + 400
P max = 0,75. pb = 0,75. 0,033 = 0,025

89
1,4 1,4
= 0,0035
fy 400
fy 400
m = 15,6863
0,85. fc' 0,85.30
Mn 1079,3E4
Rn 0,82
b.d2 0,85.1000.12,42
2m.Rn
r perlu i-ji
m Fy
i 2.15,6863.0,82
1-Jl = 0,0021
15,6863 400
pakai p ^=0,0035
As = p . b. d
= 0,0035 . 1000 .124 = 434 mm2
A012= 113,097 mm2
. , , 113,097.1000
jarak tulangan < = 260,6 mm
434
dipakai 012-25 ; As = 452,4 mm2 >434 mm:
M=1011,4Kgm=1011,4E4 Nmm
Mn 1011,4E4
Rn = —-r = - = 0,77
b.d2 0,85.1000.1242
Pmik= 0,025
Pmia =0,0035
V = 0,002
90
pakai pmm = 0,0035
As = 0,0035 . 1000 . 124 =434 mm2
. , , 113,097.1000
5 434
dipakai 012-25 As = 452,4 mm2 >434 mm2
Tulangan bagi
As bagi = ( 0,0018 . 400 . b . h )/ fy
=( 0,0018 . 400 . 1000 . 150 )/ 400
= 270 mm2
A08 = 50,2655 mm2
. , , 50,2655.1000
270
pakai 08-18
Cek tahanan momen:
As.fy 452,4.400
3" (0,85.fc').b ~(0,85.30)1000 =7'lmm
z = d-a/2 = 124 - 7,1/2 =120,45 mm
Mn = As. fy . z
= 452,4 . 400 . 120,45 = 21796632 N.mm = 2179,6632 Kg.m
MR = 0,8 . Mn = 1743,7305 Kg m > Mu = 1079,3 Kg m
* Penulangan Tangga Atas*
M+=715,l Kgm = 715,l 104Nmm

91
P ™x = 0,025
Pmia =0,0035
PpeHo =0,0014
pakai z?^ 0,0035
As = 0,0035 . 1000. 124 = 434 mm:
. , , 113,097.1000
434
dipakai 012-18 As = 452,4 mm2 > 434 mm2
M"= 1453,7Kg m =1453,7. 104Nmm
pm*= 0,025
P min =0,0035
/?perIu = 0,0028
Pakai ^^=0,0035
As = 0,0035 . 1000. 124 = 434 mm2
. , , 113,097.1000
dipakai 012-25 As = 452,4 mm2 > 434 mm2
TulanganBagi
As bagi = ( 0,0018 . 400 . b . h )/ fy
=( 0,0018 . 400 . 1000 . 150)/400
270 mm2
92
A08 = 50,2655 mm:
50,2655.1000
jarak tulangan < zzz = 186,17 mm
270
pakai 08-18
Cek tahanan momen:
As.fy 452,4.400
a = = 7,1mm
(0,85.fc').b (0,85.30).1000
z = d-a/2 = 124 - 7,1/2 =120,45 mm
Mn = As. fy . z
= 452,4 . 400 . 120,45= 21796632 N.mm = 2179,6632 Kg.m
MR = 0,8 . Mn = 1743,7305 Kg m > Mu = 1453,7 Kg m
Pelat Bordes
240 cm
100 cm
Gambar 3.32 Tipe pelat bordes
M"= 1297,4 Kgm= 1297,4 104Nmm
tebal plat = 12 cm
P^= 0,025
Pmia =0,0035
PperhI= 0,0045
As = 0,0045 . 1000 . 94 = 423 mm2

93
. , , 113,097.1000
dipakai 012-25 As = 452,388 mm2 > 423 mm2
Tulangan Bagi
As bagi = ( 0,0018 . 400 . b . h )/ fy
=(0,0018 . 400 . 1000 . 120)/400
= 216 mm2
A08 = 50,2655 mm2
. , , 50,2655.1000
216
pakai 08-20
2.Lantai tangga luar (first floor > second floor)
Berdasar tebal minimum, plat tangga atas:
L 250
- = — = 12,5cm « 13cm
d= 13 -2-0,5.1,2= 10,4cm
hb = 7,4. 35,51 + 0,5 .19 (optrede )

30
= 21,81 cm
Bebanpada tangga:
-Beban tangga = 0,2181 . 0,75. 2400 = 392,58 kg/m
-Beban spesi = 0,02 . 0,75. 2100 =31,5 kg/m

94
-Beban tegel =0,03.0,75.2400 =54 kg/m
qd =478,08 kg/m
-Beban hidup = 200 kg/m2
-Beban pagar besi = 50 kg/m2
ql = 250 kg/m2 =250. 0,75 = 187,5 kg/m
qu=l,2. qd + 1,6 . ql
= 1,2 . 478,08+ 1,6 . 187,5 =873,696 kg/m
Beban pada bordes:
-Berat bordes = 0,12. 0,75. 2400 = 216 kg/m
-Beban spesi = 0,02 .0,75. 2100 = 31,5 kg/m
-Beban tegel = 0,03 .0,75. 2400 =54 kg/m
qd =301,5 kg/m
qu=l,2.qd+l,6ql
= 1,2 . 301,5 + 1,6. 187,5= 661,8 kg/m
"Penulangan Tangga bawah*
M+ = 563,66 Kg m = 563,66 104Nmm
Mutu beton danbaja : fc' = 30 Mpa
fy = 400 Mpa
0,85. fc'. p 600

pb
fy 600 + fy
0,85.30.0,85 600
0,033
400 '600 + 400
95
P mu = 0,75. pb = 0,75. 0,033 = 0,025
1,4 1,4
Pm»=— = ~ = 0,0035
fy 400
fy 400
m : = 15,6863
0,85. fc' 0,85.30
Mn 563,66E4
Rn = 0,613
b.d2 0,85.1000.1042
1 I. 2.m.Rn
^ perlu 1-- 1 -
m Fy
1 2.15,6863.0,613
1-Jl- 0,0015
15,6863 400
Pakai /? ,^=0,0035
As=/?perlD.b. d
= 0,0035 . 1000.104 = 364 mm:
A012= 113,097 mm:
. , , 113,097.1000
364
dipakai 012-25 ; As = 452,4 mm2>364 mm2
M= 1157,9 Kg m= 1157,9 E4 Nmm
Mn 1157,9E4
Rn = 1,26
b.d2 0,85.1000.1042
Pm*= 0,025
pmm =0,0035
96
ppcrla = 0,0032
Pakai pmin = 0,0035
As = 0,0035 . 1000 . 104 =364 mm:
. , , 113,097.1000
jarak tulangan < — = 310,71mm
364
dipakai 012-25 As = 452,4 mm2>364 mm2
Tulangan bagi
As bagi = ( 0,0018 . 400 . b . h )/ fy
=( 0,0018 . 400 . 1000 . 130 )/400
= 234 mm2
A08 = 50,2655 mm2
. , , 50,2655.1000
jarak tulangan < — = 214,81mm
pakai 08-20
Cek tahanan momen:
As.fy 452,4.400
(0,85.ft').b " (0,85.30)1000 =?'lmm
z = d-a/2 = 104 - 7,1/2 =100,45 mm
Mn = As. fy . z
= 452,4 . 400 . 100,45 = 18177432 N.mm = 1817,7432 Kg.m
MR= 0,8 . Mn = 1454,1946 Kg m > Mu = 1157,9 Kg m

97
Pondasi tangga
Beban total:
-Beban tangga = 4428,3 Kg
-balok (30/40) = 0,3 . 0.4.2400 .1,2/2 = 172,8 Kg
-berat pondasi = (0,4 + 0,8)/2. 1,5. 2200. 1,2/2 = 1188 kg

Pu = 5789,1 kg
kontrol tegangan:
tegangan izin tanah a =2E4 Kg/m2
A = Pu/a
= 5789,1/ 2E4 = 0,289-0,3 m2
lebar pondasi (B) =^0$
= 0,547 m~ 0,55 m
B = 55 cm
98
3.3 Gaya- Gaya yang Bekerja Pada Portal
3.3.1 Pemerataan beban
Beban Trapesium
Gambar 3.33 Distribusi beban trapesium

Ra = (q, +0,5.q2)
M = (q, +0,5.q2 ). (a+0,5.b) - q, (l/3.a + 0,5.b)-0,5.q2,0,25.b
= 0,5.a2 .t + 0,25.a.t.b + 0,5.t.b+ 0,25.b2 l/6.t - a2 t - 0,25.ab - 0,125.b2 t
= l/3.a2t + 0,125.b2.t + 0,25.a.t.b
= l/3t3 + 0,125.(L - 2t )2 .t + 0,5.t2 .(L- 2t)
= l/3t3 + 0,125.(L2 - 4.L.t - 4.t2 ).t + 0,5.L.t2 - t3
= -l/6 +3+ l/8.L2.t
1/8.L2= l/8.L2.t- l/6.t3
f a\
8/6 ,
h=t--^.t3 = 1-4/3.
L V L2J
Leq 1-4/3.^-1.t.qpI
99
Beban Segitiga
Gambar 3.34 Distribusi beban segitiga

Ra = 1/2L . l/2.t
Mmax= l/4Lt. 1/2L- 1/4LM/3.1/2L
= l/8L.t - 1/24.L t
l/8h.L = 1/12 Lt
h = 2/3t
q.,=2/3.1. qpl
Tipe beban 3
6.G
Gambar 3.35 Distribusi tipe beban 3

beban pelat/m akibat beban mati =517 kg/m2
Beban merata ekivalen bentuk trapesium
qcq: 1-4/3.: •t.q,

L2J
100
q«q
( 1-4/3.-2-1,6.517
^ =762,3811 kg/m
V 6,6 J
berat sendiri balok= 0,3 . 0,6. 2400= 432 kg/m
Beban merata ekivalen bentuk segitiga
qcq=2/3.t. qpl
qeq = 2/3.3. 517= 1034 kg/m
qeq(,o,a.)= 762,3811 + 551,4667 + 432 = 2228,3811 kg/m
Beban merata pelat/m akibat beban hidup = 250 kg/m2
koefisien reduksi = 0,7 ; beban hidup = 0,7. 250 =175 kg/m:
beban merata ekivalen bentuk trapesium
r 1,62^
1-4/3.— .1,6. 175
*°4 V 6,6Z
= 258 kg/m
beban merata ekivalen bentuk segitiga
qeq = 2/3.3. 175= 350 kg/m
qeq(,o,ai)= 258+ 350 = 608 kg/m
qtotal = 2228,3811 +608 = 2836,3811 kg/m
Tipe pembebanan yang lain ditabelkan !!

101
Tabel 3.8 Pola Pembebanan
No Pola Pembebanan Q ekivalen
[ekiv,ien =651,466 kg/m (beban mati)
1,5 ,=266,667 kg/m (beban hidup)
' ekivalen =862,381 kg/m (beban mati)
Lekivalen =368,656 kg/m (beban hidup)

1,5
6,6
I ekivalen =2228,38 lkg/m (beban mati)
Lekivalen =608 kg/m (beban hidup)
qefcvien=1134 kg/m (beban mati)

3,3
q ekh,ien =500 kg/m (beban hidup)
t ekivalen =2168 kg/m (beban mati)

3,3
q ekiv,ie„ =1000 kg/m (beban hidup)
3,3
Lekivalen =2041,4kg/m (bebanmati)
3,3 q ek.va.en =938,781 kg/m (beban hidup)
2
102
L ekivalen =2300 kg/m (beban mati)
I ekivalen =1000 kg/m (beban hidup)
P = 21,4 ton
qekiv.ien =1200 kg/m (beban mati)
1,2
qek,vaien =533,33 kg/m (beban hidup)
2.4
P= 10,7 ton
q ekivaien =2659,78 kg/m (beban mati)
1,65
q ekivaien =918,656 kg/m (beban hidup)
1/6
P = 9,9 ton
qekivaien =1517,34 kg/m (beban mati)
10 165 q ekivaien =370,906 kg/m (beban hidup)
q ekivaien =2284 kg/m (beban mati)
11 1,65
q ekivai™ =740 kg/m (beban hidup)
1,65
q ekivaien =3266 kg/m (beban mati)

1,65
qekivaien =1160 kg/m (beban hidup)
1.65
P= 15,7 ton
103
l ekivalen =1623,1 lkg/m (beban mati)

12
13 =518,91 kg/m (beban hidup)
I ekivalen
2A
P = 15 ton
I ekivalen
=2896,2 kg/m (beban mati)
14 =1360 kg/m (beban hidup)

I ekivalen
P = 30 ton
15 12 q ekivaien =255,13kg/m (beban hidup)

33 33
P = 2,3 ton
qekivên =1887,4 kg/m (beban mati)
16
q ekivaien =550 kg/m (beban hidup)
3.3 33
P = 9,9 ton
qekivaien =1789,7 kg/m (beban mati)
17 1,5 =502,78 kg/m (beban hidup)

i ekivalen
4S
I ekivalen =1267 kg/m (beban mati)

15
Lekivalen =250 kg/m (beban hidup)
19 qekiv,.e„ =920 kg/m (beban hidup)

PI = 6,6 ton , P2 = 9,2 ton
2,1 1,5
104
20 q ekivaien =16g3,5 kg/m (beban mati)
1,05
q ekivaien=500 kg/m (beban hidup)
1,05
q ekiv,ien =2600 kg/m (beban mati)
21
qek>v,ien =895 kg/m (beban hidup)
P= 18,4 ton
qekivaiea -1793,7 kg/m (beban mati)
22
q ekivaien =504,69kg/m (beban hidup)
P= 16,8 ton
qekiv,ien =2578 kg/m (beban mati)

P2
23 ,05 i q ekivaien =850 kg/m (beban hidup)
,05
2,1 15 .3 PI = 12,756 ton ;P2 = 7 ton
q euv,ien =2810 kg/m (beban mati)
24
P = 3,5 ton
qekivaien =1850 kg/m (beban mati)

25 1,05
1,05
6,4.,
105
q ekivaien 1129,13 kg/m (beban mati)
26
I ekivalen =183,33 kg/m (beban hidup)
q eîen=1946 kg/m (beban mati)
q ekivaien =558,3 kg/m (beban hidup)
Pl = 12 ton , P2 = 7 ton
106
3.3.2 Perhitungan Gaya Geser Dasar Horisontal Total Akibat Gempa dan
Distribusinya ke Sepanjang Tinggi Gedung
A. Berat bangunan total (Wt)
a. Berat Atap Topfloor
1) Beban mati:
Atap = ( 9 x 20 x 6,4 ) + ( 6 x 10 x 3 ) = 1332 kg
balok = ( 10 x 6,6 x 0,3 x 0,4 x 2400 ) + ( 4 x 6,4 x 0,3 x 0,4 x 2400 )
( 4 x 3 x 0,3 x 0,4 x 2400 ) = 29836,8 kg
kolom = 14 x 0,3 x 1,5 x 2400 = 4536 kg
dinding = 103,4x 1,5 x 250 = 38775 kg
plafond = ( 26,4 x 6,4x 50 ) + (2 x 3 x 6,6 x 50) = 10428 kg
Wm= 84907,8 kg
2) Beban hidup
qh atap = 100 kg/cm2
koefisien reduksi untuk beban hidup menurut Peraturan Pembebanan
Indonesia - 1983 (PPI-1983) sama dengan 0,3 sehingga :
Wh = 0,3 x 100 x (26,4 x 6,4 + 2 x 3 x 6,6 ) = 6256,8 kg
Jadi berat total lantai atap topfloor = Wm + Wh
= 84907,8+6256,8
=91164,6 kg
107
b.Berat lantai Topfloor
l)Beban mati:
plat = ( 26,4 x 6,4 x 0,12 x 2400 ) + ( 2 x 3 x 6,6 x 0,12 x 2400 )

= 60065,28 kg
balok induk = ( 4 x 6,6 x 0,3 x 0,58 x 2400 ) + ( 5 x 6,4 x 0,3 x 0,48 x
2400)+ ( 6 x 3 x 0,3 x 0,28 x 2400 ) + ( 4 x 0,5 x 0,68 x 6,6
x2400 )
= 50929,92kg
balok anak = 4 x 0,3 x 0,4 x 6,4 x 2400 = 7372,8 kg
kolom = ( 10 x 1,5 x 0,5 x 0,5 x 2400 ) + ( 10 x 1,5 x 0,3 x 0,3 x 2400 )

( 6 x 1,5 x 0,3 x 0,3 x 2400 ) + ( 6 x 1,5 x 0,5 x 0,5 x 2400 )
= 19584 kg
dinding = 103,4 x 0,3x 250 = 77550 kg
plafond = ( 26,4 x 6,4 x 50) + ( 2 x 3 x 6,6 x 50 ) = 10428 kg
spesi = ( 26,4 x 6,4 x 21) + ( 2 x 3 x 6,6 x 21 ) = 4379,76 kg
tegel = ( 26,4 x 6,4 x 24) + ( 2 x 3 x 6,6 x 24 ) = 5005,44 kg
tangga luar = 2500 kg
Wm = 237815,2 kg
2) Beban hidup
Wh = 0,3 x 250 x (26,4 x 6,4 + 2 x 3 x 6,6 ) = 15642 kg

108
Jadi berat total lantai topfloor = Wm + Wh
=237815,2+ 15642
=253457,2 kg
c. Berat lantai 4
1) Beban mati:
plat = ( 9,4 x 26,4 x 0,12 x 2400 ) = 71470,08 kg
balok induk = ( 5 x 6,4x 0,4 x 0,58 x 2400 ) + ( 4 x 6,6 x 0,3 x 0,48 x
2400) + ( 8 x 0,5 x 0,68x 6,6 x 2400 )
= 70026,24 kg
balok anak = (4 x 0,3 x 0,6x 6,6 x 2400) + (5 x 0,3 x 0,4x 7 x 2400 )

= 21484,8 kg
kolom = ( 15 x 1,5 x 0,5 x 0,5 x 2400 ) + ( 15 x 1,5 x 0,6 x 0,6 x 2400 )
( 4 x 1,5 x 0,5 x 0,5 x 2400 ) + ( 4 x 1,5 x 0,6 x 0,6 x 2400 )

= 41724 kg
dinding = 127,7 x 0,3x 250 = 95775 kg
plafond = ( 9,4 x 26,4 x 50) = 12408 kg
spesi = ( 9,4 x 26,4 x 21 ) = 5211,36 kg
tegel = ( 9,4 x 26,4 x 24 ) = 5955,84 kg
Wm = 326555,32 kg
2) Beban hidup

109
Wh = 0,3 x 250 x 9,4 x 26,4 = 18612 kg
Jadi berat total lantai 4 = Wm + Wh
=326555,32+ 18612
=345167,32 kg
d. Berat lantai 3
1) Beban mati:
plat = ( 12,4 x 26,4 x 0,12 x 2400 ) = 94279,68 kg
balok induk = ( 4 x 6,6 x 0,3 x 0,48 x 2400 ) + ( 8x 6,6 x 0,4 x 0,58 x2400
( 5 x 6,4 x 0,4 x 0,58 x 2400 ) + ( 5 x 6,4 x 0,5 x 0,68 x
2400 ) = 82452,48 kg
balok anak =( 4 x 0,3 x0,4 x6x2400 ) + ( 4x0,3 x 0,4 x6,4 x2400 )

( 4 x 0,3 x 0,4 x 6,6 x 2400 ) = 25344 kg
kolom = ( 15 x 1,5 x 0,6 x0,6 x 2400 ) +( 15 x 1,5 x 0,7 x0,7 x2400 )

= 45900 kg
dinding = 194 x 3x 250 = 145500kg
plafond = 12,4 x 26,4 x 50 = 16368 kg
spesi = ( 12,4 x 26,4 x 21 ) = 6874,56 kg
tegel = ( 12,4 x 26,4 x 24 ) = 7856,64 kg
Wm = 427075,36 kg
110
2) Beban hidup
qh lantai = 250 kg/cm2
Wh = 0,3 x 250 x 12,4 x 26,4 = 24552 kg
=427075,36 + 24552
=451627,36 kg
d. Berat lantai 2
l)Bebanmati
plat = ( 15,6x 26,4 x 0,12 x 2400 ) = 118609,92 kg
balok induk = ( 8 x 6,6 x 0,3 x 0,48+ 8x 6,6 x 0,4 x 0,58+
5x6,4x 0,4 x 0,58+ 5 x 6 x 0,4 x 0,58+
5 x 3,2 x 0,3 x 0,28 )x 2400 = 204003,84 kg
balok anak = ( 4 x 0,3 x 0,4 x 6 x 2400 ) + ( 4 x 0,3 x 0,4 x 6,4 x 2400 )
( 4 x 0,3 x 0,4 x 6,6 x 2400 ) = 25344 kg
kolom = ( 15 x 3 x 0,7 x 0,7 x 2400 ) + ( 5 x 1,5 x 0,7 x 0,7 x 2400 )

= 61740 kg
dinding = 177,2 x 3x 250 = 132900kg
plafond = 12,4x 26,4 x 50 = 16368 kg
spesi = ( 15,6 x 26,4 x 21 ) = 8648,64 kg

ill
tegel = ( 15,6 x 26,4 x 24 ) = 9884,16 kg
Wm = 579998,56 kg
2) Beban hidup
Wh = 0,3 x 250 x 15,6 x 26,4 = 30888 kg
=579998,56 + 30888
=610886,56 kg
d. Berat lantai 1
l)Beban mati
plat = ( 15,6 x 26,4 x 0,12 x 2400 ) = 118609,92 kg
balok induk = ( 8 x 6,6 x 0,3 x 0,48+ 8x 6,6 x 0,4 x 0,58+ 5 x 6,4 x 0,4x
0,58 + 5 x 6 x 0,4 x 0,58+ 5 x 3,2 x 0,3 x 0,28 )x 2400
=204003,84 kg
balok anak = ( 4 x 0,3 x 0,4 x 6 x 2400 ) + ( 4 x 0,3 x 0,4 x 6,4 x 2400 )

( 4 x 0,3 x 0,4 x 6,6 x 2400 ) = 25344 kg
kolom = ( 20 x 1,5 x 0,7 x 0,7 x 2400 ) + ( 20 x 2 x 0,8 x 0,8 x 2400 )

= 96720kg
dinding = 177,2 x 3,5x 250 = 132900kg

112
plafond = 12,4 x 26,4 x 50 = 16368 kg
spesi = ( 15,6 x 26,4 x 21) = 8648,64 kg
tegel = ( 15,6 x 26,4 x 24) = 9884,16 kg
615278,56 kg
2) Beban hidup

Wh = 0,3 x 250 x 15,6x 26,4 = 30888 kg
=615278,56 + 30888
=646166,56 kg
d. Berat Groundfloor
1) Beban mati:
plat = ( 15,6x 26,4 x 0,12 x 2400 ) = 118609,92 kg
balok induk = ( 8 x 6,6 x 0,3 x 0,48 + 8x 6,6 x 0,3 x 0,48 +
5x6,4x 0,4x0,58+ 5x6x0,4x0,58 +
5 x 3,2 x 0,3 x 0,28 )x 2400 = 204003,84 kg
balok anak = 4 x 0,3 x 0,4 x 6,6 x 2400 = 7603,2 kg
kolom =( 20 x 10 x 0,8 x 0,8 x 2400 ) = 307200 kg
dinding = 183,6 x 4x 250 = 183600 kg

113
plafond = 15,6 x 26,4 x 50 = 16368 kg
spesi = ( 15,6 x 26,4 x 21) = 8648,64 kg
tegel = ( 15,6 x 26,4 x 24 ) = 9884,16 kg
tangga luar =3100 kg
Wm = 859017,76 kg
2) Beban hidup
ruang sewa = toko = taman kanak - kanak = musholla = qh lantai
= 250 kg/cm2
Wh = 0,3 x 250 x 15,6 x 26,4 = 30888kg
=859017,76 + 30888
=889905,76 kg
maka berat total bangunan (Wt):
Wt = 91164,6 + 253457,2 + 345167,32 + 451627,36 + 610886,56
= 646166,56 + 889905,76 = 3288375,36 kg
B. Waktu getar bangunan
dengan menggunakan persamaan : Tx = Ty = 0,06.H3/4
= 0,06 x 27 3/4= 0,71 dt
Dengan menggunakan waktu getar 0,71 dt, untuk daerah gempa 3 dan kondisi
tanah lunak diperoleh koefisien gempa dasar C sama dengan 0,07

114
Gaya geser horisontal total akibat gempa besarnya gaya geser dasar horisontal
akibat gempa yang harus ditahan Oleh struktur dengan berat total Wt dan
koefisien gempa dasar C dengan I dan K ditentukan berdasarkan ketentuan yang
ada dalam Peraturan Perencanaan Tahan Gempa Indonesia untuk Gedung

(PPTGIUG-1981), maka diperoleh :
V = C.I.Wt.K
=0,07 . 1. 3288375,36. 1 = 230186,2752 kg
Distribusi gayageser horisontal total akibat gempa
a) arah sumbu x
kontrol H/A atau H/B < 3
dari batasan masalah tersebut diketahui H =27 m ; A=26,4 m ; B=15,6 m
27/15,6= 1,73 < 3
W.h;
F jv
IX'
=F •*• TV
V V
SW.h; " y
Tabel 3.9 Ditribusi Gaya Geser Horisontal

tingkat hi Wi Wi.hi Fix,y untuk tiap portal
(i) (m) (ton) (ton.m) (ton) 1/4Fix (ton) 1/5Fiy(ton)
7 27 91.1646 2461.444 11.8141 2.953526 2.362821
6 24 253.4576 6082.982 29.19627 7.299067 5.839254
5 21 345.1673 7248.513 34.79043 8.697606 6.958085
4 18 451.6274 8129.293 39.01787 9.754468 7.803575
3 15 610.8866 9163.299 43.98075 10.99519 8.796151
2 12 646.1666 7753.999 37.21659 9.304147 7.443318
1 8 889.9058 7119.246 34.16999 8.542497 6.833998
£=47958.78
115
3.4 Perencanaan Balok
-Balok As H (5-6)
Momen rencana tumpuan = 1,39E8 Nmm = 139 KN m
Momen rencana lapangan = 3,95E7 Nmm = 39,5 KN m
Balok = 30/50
Mutu beton (fc') = 30 Mpa
Mutu baja (fy) = 400 Mpa
diasumsikan d = 500 - 70 = 430 mm
Mu = 139 KNm
0,85.fc\0, 600
Pb
fy 600 +fy
0,85.30.0,85 600
pb = = o 033
400 600 + 400 '
P min = 1,4/fy
= 1,4/400 = 0,0035
Pm« =0,75. pb
= 0,75.0,033 = 0,025
m = fy/ (0,85.fc)
=400/ (0,85.30) =15,6863

^ =Mm.x/(b.d*)
= l,39E8/(300.4302) = 2,948
_ l_ 2m.Rn
r perlu 1-1-
^ m
116
2.15,6863.2,948
perlu I-,/1 = 0,0079
15,6863 V 400
AS =P verlu- bd
= 0,0079. 300 . 430 = 1019,1mm2
pakai 3D22 ( As = 1140,399 mm2)
d ak,ua, = 500 - (40 + 10 + »/2.22) = 439 mm > 430 mm (Ok)
Menentukan momen nominal aktual balok
Anggab baja tarik telah mencapai regangan leleh saat beton tekan mencapai
regangan hancur 0,003
Gaya dalam:
C = 0,85 . fc'. b.a
= 0,85 . 30 . 300. a = 7650 a
T = As.fy
= 1140,399 . 400 = 456159,6 N
7650 a = 456159,6
a= 59,6287 mm
x = a/p,
=59,6287/0,85 = 70,1514 mm
periksa regangan baja tarik :
8 y = fy/Es = 400/200000 = 0,002

117
d-x 439-62,6898
£s= ecu = .0,003
x 62,6898
=0,0158 > 0,002 (Ok)
Mn = T.(d - a/2)
= 456159,6 .(439 - 53,2863/2 ).10 6
= 186,654 KNm
MR= 0Mn = O,8 . 186,654= 149,323 KNm > 139 KNm
Perencanaan tulangan lapangan
Mu = 39,5 KNm
0,85.fc'.p, 600
pb =
fy 600 +fy
pb =
f 0,85.30.0,85 600 _ QQ33
400 600 + 400 '
P min = 1,4/fy
= 1,4/400 = 0,0035
Pmax=0,75. pb
= 0,75. 0,033 = 0,025
m =fy/(0,85.fc)
=400/(0,85.30) =15,6863
Rn =Mraax/(b.d2)
= 3,95E7/(300.4302) = 0,8378
2m.Rn
r perlu •*'
m
fy
1 2.15,6863.0,8378
perlu 1-Jl 0,0021
15,6863 400
118
P penu < P mm maka dipakai p mm= 0,0035
As pû = K
p ,
perlu bu- du
= 0,0035. 300 . 430 = 451,5 mm2
pakai 2D22 ( As = 760,266 mm2)
d,kn»i= 500 - (40 + 10 + V2.22) =439 mm >430 mm (Ok)

Menentukan momen nominal aktual balok
Anggab baja tarik telah mencapai regangan leleh saat beton tekan mencapai
regangan hancur 0,003
Gaya dalam ;
C = 0,85 . fc'. b.a
= 0,85 . 30 . 300. a = 7650 a
T = As.fy
= 760,266 . 400 = 304106,4 N
7650 a = 304106,4
a= 39,7525 mm
x = a/ P,
=39,7525/0,85 = 46,7676 mm
periksa regangan baja tarik :
s y = fy/Es = 400/200000 = 0,002

119
d-x 439-46,7676
s s= ecu = .0,003
x 46,7676
=0,0252 > 0,002 (Ok)
Mn = T.(d - a/2)
=304106,4 .(439 - 39,7525/2 )10"6
= 127,4582 KNm
MR = 0 .Mn = 0,8 . 127,4582 = 101,967 KNm > 39,5 KNm... .(Ok)

Penulangan tulangan geser
Gaya geser maksimum sejauh d (430 mm ) dari perietakan :
Vu = 55,83697 (KN) (dari SAP90)
I/2.0.Vc = 36,0675 KN
Vi. 0.Vc < Vu <0 .Vc perlu tulangan geser minimum
digunakan sengkang D10 ; Av= 2 %102 = 157 mm2
Luas tulangan geser minimun :
1 bw.s 3.Av.fy
Av = —>• s =
3 fy bw
3.157.400
—££- =628 mm
spasi sengkang maksimum: s < d/2 atau s < 600 mm
s<219,5mm
dipakai D10-215
Kontrol terhadap torsi
Gambar 3.6 Balok pada kontrol torsi
Mtx =Tu = 3,7028 KNm
lx 2y =3002.500 +360.1202 =50,2E6mm3
0[—Vfc"J Sx2y =0,6.-^30.50,2 =6,871KNm >3,7028 KNm

maka tidak perlu tulangan torsi
• »
Gambar 3.37 Potongan balok As H (5-6)
Hasil tulangan balok yang lain di tabelkan !!

Tabel 3.11 PenulanganBalok Induk
Mu Tulangan Atas Tulangan Bawah Mn

Lantai Balok Dimensi (KN.m) (mm2) (mm2) (KN.m)
Negatif Positif Perlu Terpasang Perlu Terpasang Negatif Positif
ground as H 5-6 30x50 139 39.5 1016.44 3D22 (1140.399) 451.5 2D22(760.266) 146 99.8
as J 5-6 30x60 249 88.4 1494.335 5D22(1900.665) 556.5 2D22(760.266) 292 124
as K 5-6 30x60 212 83.7 1254.615 4D22(1520.S32) 556.5 2D22(760.266) 239 124
as L 5-6 30x50 102 39.7 727.455 3D22(1140.399) 451.5 2D22(760.266) 146 99.8
as 5 H-J 30x60 241 118 1437.374 5D22(1900.665) 556.5 2D22(760.266) 292 124
as 5 J-K 30x50 110 42.4 451.5 3D22(1140.399) 451.5 2D22(760.266) 146 99.8
as 5 K-L 30x40 24.5 8.50 346.5 2D22(760.266) 346.5 2D22(760.266) 75.45 75.45
as 6 H-J 40x70 440 218 2204.851 6D22(2280.79B) 1050.45 3D22(1140.399) 427 222
as 6 J-K 30x60 158 69.2 556.5 3D22(1140.399) 556.5 3D22(1140.399) 183 183
as 6 K-L 30x40 47.8 19.8 441.2445 2D22(760.266) 346.5 2D22(760.266) 75.45 75.45
1=2 as H 5-6 30x50 180 68.7 1340.432

4 D22(1520.532) 451.5 2 D22(760.266) 190 99.8
as J 5-6 40x70 425 285 2126.179
6 D22(2280.798) 1388.429 4 D22(1520.532) 427 292
as K 5-6 40x70 319 204 1567.148 5 D22(1900.665) 984.1106 3 D22(1140.399) 361 222
as L 5-6 30x50 100 39.6 451.5 3 D22(1140.399) 451.5 2 D22(760.266) 146 99.8
as 5 H-J 30x60 308 151 1882.459 6 D22(2280.798) 878.7091 3 D22(1140.399) 343 183
as 5 J-K 30x50 122 48.5 881.8198 3 D22(1140.399) 451.5 2 D22(760.266) 146 99.8
as 5 K-L 30x40 26.5 6.02 346.5 2 D22(760.266) 346.5 2 D22(760.266) 75.45 75.45
as 6 H-J 40x70 521 291 2651.435 8D22(3041.064) 1421.581 4 D22(1520.532) 555 292
as 6 J-K 30x60 162 69.4 942.0568 3 D22(1140.399) 556.5 2 D22(760.266) 183 124
as 6 K-L 30x40 34.1 9.65 346.5 2 D22(760.266) 346.5 2 D22(760.266) 75.45 75.45
3 as H 5-6 30x50 155 69.4 1140.429 4 D22(1520.532) 451.5 2 D22(760.266) 1.9E+08 99.8
as J 5-6 40x70 425 287 2122.521 6 D22(2280.796) 1401.159 4 022(1520.532) 4.27E+08 292
as K 5-6 30x60 220 180 1306.637 4 D22(1520.532) 556.5 3 D22(1140.399) 239 183
as 5 H-J 30x60 290 146 1764.515 5 D22(1900.665) 556.5 3 D22(1140.399) 292 183
as 5 J-K 40x70 256 291 1244.517 4 D22(1520.532) 1422.042 4 D22(1520.532) 292 292
as 6 H-J 40x70 560 278 2871.925 8D22(3041.064) 1357.29 4 D22(1520.532) 555 292
as 6 J-K 50x80 546 661 2313.745 7 D22(2660.931) 2835.68 8 022(3041.064) 586 664
4 as H 5-6 30x50 107 39.4 767.0289 3 D22(1140.399) 451.5 2 D22(760.266) 146 99.8
as J 5-6 40x70 321 234 1574.392 5 D22(1900.665) 882 4 D22(1520.532) 361 292
as J' 5-6 40x70 425 196 2126.771 6 D22(2280.798) 882 3 D22(1140.399) 427 222
as 5 H-J 30x60 284 202 1722.626 5 D22(1900.665) 1191.506 4 D22(1520.532) 292 239
as 5 J-J' 30x40 91.0 45.5 871.0752 3 D22(1140.399) 419.1789 2 D22(760.266) 110 75.45
as 6 H-J 40x70 532 351 2714.542 8D22(3041.064) 1731.029 5 D22(1900.665) 555 361
as 6 J-J' 30x40 108 56.0 1052.353 3 D22(1140.399) 520.0928 2 D22(760.266) 110 75.45
TopFloor as H 5-6 30x60 294 225 1788.806 6 D22(2280.798) 1335.863 4 022(1520.532) 343 239
as J 5-6 40x70 406 345 2021.168 6 D22(2280.798) 1703.22 5 D22(1900.665) 427 361
as 5 H-J 30x60 147 234 852.8003 3 D22(1140.399) 1394.093 4 D22(1520.532) 183 239
as 6 H-J 30x60 145 136 837.4832 3 D22(1140.399) 782.4773 3 D22(1140.399) 183 183
as K 5'-6 30x40 39.3 66.3 346.5 2 D22(760.266) 621.3136 2 D22(760.266) 75.45 75.45
as 5' J-K 30x40 142 40.2 1432.2 4 D22(1520.532) 346.5 2 D22(760.266) 141 75.45
as 6 J-K 30x40 44.8 43.2 413.1676 2 D22(760.266) 397.1671 2 D22(760.266) 75.45 75.45
Atap as H 5-6 30x40 21.7 43.4 346.5 2 D22(760.266) 399.0696 2 D22(760.266) 75.45 75.45
as J 5-6 30x40 42.8 51.7 393.3638 2 D22(760.266) 479.2476 2 D22(760.266) 75.45 75.45
as 5 H-J 30x40 43.4 32.2 398.9745 2 D22(760.266) 346.5 2 D22(760.266) 75.45 75.45
as 6 H-J 30x40 55.6 37.9 516.5001 2 D22(760.266) 346.5 2 D22(760.266) 75.45 75.45
asK 5'-6' 30x40 32.7 29.8 346.5 2 D22(760.266) 346.5 2 D22(760.266) 75.45 75.45
as 5' J-K130x40 52.9 490.7366 2 D22(760.266) 2 D22(760.266) 75.45
Tabel 3.12 Penulangan Balok Anak
Balok Dimensi Mu Tulangan Atas Tulangan Bawah Mn Sengkang

(KN.m) (KN.m)
(mm2) (mm2)
Negatif Positif Perlu Terpasang Perlu Terpasang Negatif Positif
ba-1 25x30 4.10 1.63 201.25 2D22(760.266) 201.25 2D22760.266 50.15 50.15 010-110
ba-2 30x40 46.4 21.4 428.0641 2D22(760.266) 346.5 2D22760.266 75.45 75.45 010-160
ba-3 30x40 39.9 17.4 366.6199 2D22(760.266) 346.5 2D22760.266 75.45 75.45 0IO-I6O
ba-4 30x40 233 128 2622.331 8D22(3041.064 1269.363 4D221520.53 244 141 010-120
ba-5 25x30 19.6 9.79 259.5743 2D22(760.266) 201.25 2D22760.266 50.15 50.15 010-110
ba-6 30x40 118 58.9 1155.076 4D22(1520.532 548.5443 2022760.266 141 75.45 010-160
Tabel 3. 13 Penulangan Geser Balok Induk
Vu kritis Vs Tulangan Geser
Lantai Balok Dimensi (KN) (KN) Dalam Luar
Jarak d Jarak d
ground as H 5-6 30x50 55.837 101.902 010-265 010-265
as J 5-6 30x60 117.0565 125.6 010-265 010-265
as K 5-6 30x60 107.1886 125.6 010-265 010-265
as L 5-6 30x50 53.0451 125.6 010-215 010-215
as 5 H-J 30x60 136.0794 144.71304 010-230 010-265
as 5 J-K 30x50 65.2085 125.6 010-215 010-215
as 5 K-L 30x40 22.0164 125.6 010-165 010-165
as 6 H-J 40x70 235.9875 263.76 010-150 010-315
as 6 J-K 30x60 103.9485 125.6 010-265 010-265
as 6 K-L 30x40 40.7813 125.6 010-165 010-165
1=2 as H 5-6 30x50 87.3679 125.6 010-215 010-215

as J 5-6 40x70 245.5499 125.6 010-150 010-315
as K 5-6 40x70 190.5169 125.6 010-315 010-315
as L 5-6 30x50 53.1275 125.6 010-215 010-215
as 5 H-J 30x60 209.4098 221.893 010-150 010-250
as 5 J-K 30x50 71.5175 125.6 010-215 010-215
as 5 K-L 30x40 188.4218 125.6 010-165 010-165
as 6 H-J 40x70 390.3944 439.6 010-90 010-150
as 6 J-K 30x60 110.5387 125.6 010-265 010-265
as 6 K-L 30x40 12.499 125.6 010-165 010-165
3 as H 5-6 30x50 82.14612 125.6 010-215 010-215

as J 5-6 40x70 252.1003 263.76 010-150 010-315
as K 5-6 30x60 160.5593 166.42 010-200 010-265
as 5 H-J 30x60 187.9525 221.893 010-150 010-265
as 5 J-K 40x70 193.5608 197.82 010-200 010-300
as 6 H-J 40x70 345.0511 359.673 010-110 010-300
as 6 J-K 50x80 412.9627 416.764 010-110 010-130
4 as H 5-6 30x50 59.4994 125.6 010-215 010-215

as J 5-6 40x70 193.1191 197.82 010-150 010-200
as J' 5-6 40x70 304.3461 329.7 010-120 010-180
as 5 H-J 30x60 207.8974 208.25 010-160 010-240
as 5 J-J' 30x40 40.1476 125.6 010-165 010-165
as 6 H-J 40x70 363.8165 395.64 010-100 010-300
as 6 J-J' 30x40 48.38 125.6 010-165 010-165
TopFloor as H 5-6 30x60 220.6451 229.5448 010-145 010-200

as J 5-6 40x70 258.0893 263.76 010-150 010-315
as 5 H-J 30x60 159.9318 166.42 010-200 010-200
as 6 H-J 30x60 111.6981 125.6 010-265 010-265
as K 5'-6 30x40 11.75448 125.6 010-165 010-165
as 5' J-K 30x40 58.2667 125.6 010-165 010-165
as 6 J-K 30x40 42.9333 125.6 010-165 010-165
Atap as H 5-6 30x40 32.0713 125.6 010-165 010-165

as J 5-6 30x40 36.555 125.6 010-165 010-165
as 5 H-J 30x40 30.9406 125.6 010-165 010-165
as 6 H-J 30x40 31.13706 125.6 010-165 010-165
asK 5'-6' 30x40 19.9327 125.6 010-165 010-165
as 5' J-K 30x40 21.6384 125.6 010-165 010-165
3.5 Perencanaan Kolom
-Kolom As-C
4 0/4 C
" 0 / 4 H
4 0/40 j
4 0/70
50/60!
60/60
40/70
60/60
40/70
10
e: c e
P Z - ~ A_ MELINTANG CI n ~t
Gambar 3 T8 Portal melintang
Portal as 7
eleraen trtik MDfT.M) ML(T.M) MEfT.M) PD (Ton) PL (Ton) PE (Ton)
30 1 -6,694 -0,106 13,772 -391,043 -57,976 -2,806
2 8,855 0,811 -13,607 -384,899 -57,976 -2,806

124
*Kelangsingan Kolom 30*
-Kekakuan kolom
Ec= 4700 . Vf' c = 4700 . V30 =25742,9602 Mpa
Ig= 1/12. b.h= 1/12 . 600. 6003 = 1.08E10mm4
1,2MD 1,2.8,855
(3 = = —- = 0,8922
K 1,2MD + 1,6ML (1,2.8,855 +1,6.0,8110)
(Ec.Ig)/2,5 (25742,9602.108E10)/2,5 ____„_ 2

EIk= = = 5.88E13Nmm
1+ P 1+ 0,8922
r = 0,3 .h = 0,3 . 600 =180 mm
-Kekakuan Balok :
Ec= 4700 .*JFc = 4700 .V30 =25742,9602 Mpa
Igl= 1/12. b . h = 1/12 . 400.7003 = 1,143 E10 mm4
Ig2 = 1/12 . b. h = 1/12 .300.5003 = 3,125 E9 mm4
B = 0,8922
(Ec.Ig)/5 (25742,9602.1,143E10)/5 _„_„__ 2

EI°= —:—^— = ;—^~rZr7ZZ = 3»! lE13Nmm
1+ p 1+ 0,8922
(Ec.Ig)/2,5 (25742,9602.3,125E9)/2,5 2
EIb= = = 8,5E12Nmm
1+ p 1+ 0,8922
-Menentukan nilai k:
(EDc/ Lk,) + (Elk / Lk2) (5,88E13 / 4E3) + (5,88E13 / 3E3)

^ ~ (Elb /Lb).+(EIb2 / Lb2) ~(3,11E13/6,4E3) +(8,5E12/6E3) ~
Vi =¥2
dari grafik dan tabel dari perhitungan beton bertulang (Gideon jilid 4,hal 106)untuk
harga vj/, = vj/2 =5,46 struktur tanpa pengaku didapat k=2,29

125
( kl. Lk)/r = ( 2,29.4000/ 180 ) = 50.889 > 22 kolom langsing
7t2.EIk 7i2.5,88E13
Pc -.E-3 = 6906,27KN
(k,.l)2 (2,29.4E3):
*Pembesaran Momen*
-Pembebanan pada Kolom elemen 30:
Pu = 1,05. (-391,043 - 57,976 -2,806) = -474,4163 Ton
Mbl = (1,2 . -6,694 + 1,6 . -0,106 ) = -8,2024 T.M
Mb2 = ( 1,2 . 8,855 + 1,6 . 0,811 ) = 11,9236 TM
ME1 = 13,772 T.M
ME2 = -13,607 T.M
Pc = 6906,27 KN
Tabel 3.13 Perhitungan Pc PortalMelintang
Elemen Pu(Ton) Mbl(T.M) Mb2(T.M) MElfT.M) ME2(T.M) PC(KN)

10 538,418 1,1496 5,3424 20,313 -5,381 35130
30 474,4163 8,2024 11,9236 13,772 -13,607 6906,27

50 379,2075 11,3316 16,7692 5,661 -10,109 10850,78
68 288,3395 3,192 20,1204 1,612 -6,233 20667,82
83 165,2522 11,502 30,2536 -3,161 3,350 8517,899
96 90,1247 8,8624 11,0468 9,215 -8,3 3630.682
112 12,4835 3,042 1,2796 1,669 -1,932 1597.716
-Pembesaran Momenpada elemen 30:
Cm = 0,6 + 0,4 .( 6,694/8,855 ) = 0,9024
Cm 0,9024
Sb =
1- (Pu / 0Pc) 1- (4744,163 / 0,65.6906,27)
126
Cm 0,9024
1,3058
l-(IPu/E0Pc) 1-(19482,417/0,65.97017,7)
Mcx = Mb + ME =1. 11,9236 + 1,3058 . 13,772
=29,994 T.M = 299,94 KN.m
30/40 30/4 0
i
i ;'
! 40/70 ; 40/70 1
*
1 j 1
| 40/4C; 1
j 40/7Q ! " 40/7C 1
{-
j 1P3
1 10/70 40/70
i
60/60
68
I
40/70 40/70
60/60
1
40/70 40/70
60/60 30
*
40/70 40/70
10
70/70 6
I c <-
1
1
7 S
;DR" •"iZMBUJUR
Gambar 3.39 Portal membujur
Portal as C
elemen titik MD(T.M) ML (T.M) ME (T.M) PD (Ton) PL (Ton) PE (Ton)
30 1 0,001 0,00 14,848 -391,043 -57,976 -0,007
2 0,00 0,00 -14,798 -384,899 -57,976 -0,007

127
*Kelangsingan Kolom 30*
-Kekakuan kolom
Ec= 4700 . Vf' c = 4700 . V30 =25742,9602 Mpa
Ig= 1/12. b.h= 1/12. 600. 6003 = l,08E10mm4
B=\
(Ec.Ig)/2,5 (25742,9602.1,08E10)/2,5 _.„^XT 2

EIk= — = = 5,56E13Nmm
1+P 1+1
r = 0,3 .h = 0,3 . 600 =180 mm
-Kekakuan Balok :
Ec= 4700 .jTc =4700 .V30 =25742,9602 Mpa
Igl= 1/12. b . h = 1/12 . 400.7003 = 1,143 E10 mm4
Ig2 = 1/12 . b. h = 1/12 .400.7003 = 1,143 ElOmm4
B=l
(Ec.Ig)/5 (25742,9602.1,143^10)/5 .-.„.... 2

EIbl= —-—-— = = 2,94El3Nmm
\+P 1+1
2
EIb2= EIbl= 2,94E13 Nmm
-Menentukan nilai k
(EDc / Lk,) + (EDc / Lk2) (5,56E13 / 4E3) + (5,56E13 / 3E3)

Wl ~~ (EIb/Lb).+(EIb2/Lb2) _(2,94E13/6,6E3) +(2,94E13/6,6E3) =3'H8
Vi = ¥2
dari grafik dan tabel dari perhitungan beton bertulang (Gideon jilid 4,hal 106)untuk
harga vj/, = vj/2 =3,118 struktur tanpa pengaku didapat k=l,85

128
( kl. Lk)/r = (1,85.4000/180) = 41,11> 22 => kolom langsing
7i2.EDc 7i2.5,56E13
Pc .E-3 = 10011,71KN
(k,.l)2 (1,85.4E3)2
*Pembesaran Momen*
-Pembebanan pada Kolom elemen 30:
Pu = 1,05. (-391,043- 57,976 -0,007) = -471,4773 Ton
Mbl =(1,2.0+ 1,6 . 0) = 0 T.M
Mb2 = ( 1,2 .0 + 1,6 .0 ) = 0 TM
ME1 = 14,848 T.M
ME2 = -14,978 T.M
Pc= 10011,71 KN
Tabel 3.14 Perhitungan Pc Portal Membujur

Elemen Pu(Ton) Mbl(T.M) Mb2(T.M) ME1(T.M) ME2(T.M) PC(KN)
10 535,1398 0,00 0,00 24,163 -6,154 18801,13
30 471,4773 0,0012 0,00 14,848 -14,798 10011,71
50 376,682 0,0012 0,00 6,186 -10,956 12585,88
68 286,076 0,0024 0,0036 2,821 -7,018 12585,88
83 163,769 0,0024 0,0024 0,532 -2,112 108294,5
96 87,1742 0,0084 0,018 3,867 -3,876 21391,51
112 11,9249 0,0072 0,0048 1,861 -1,914 1525,088
-Pembesaran Momenpada elemen 30:
Cm=l
Cm
4 3,63
\-(Pul0Pc) 1-(4714,773/0,65.1011,71) '
129
Cm 1
4 = = 1,1976
\-Q:PuI£0Pc) ~~ 1-(19322,432/0,65.102080,1)
Mcy = Mb + ME = 3,63 . 0,0012+ 1,1976 . 14,848
= 17,787 T.M =177,87 KN.M
*Perencanaan Tulangan Kolom
Kolom 1 (elemen 30)
600
Mn/
600 -y f
| (Mny
i
Pu = 474,4163 Ton = 4744,163 KN
Pn = 4744,163/0,65 = 7298,712 KN
Mcx = 299,94 KN M
Mnx = 299,94/0,65 = 460,144 KN M
Mcy =177,87 KNM
Mny = 177,87/0,65 = 273,6494KN M
h/b = 600/600 = 1 ; B = 0,75
Mox ekivalen = Mnx + Mny . h/b. ( \-p)l B
= 460,144+273,65. 1 (l-0,75)/0,75
= 551,3309 KNM
Dari grafik interaksi kolom dengan Mn = 551,3309 KN M dan
Pn =7298,712 KN
130
didapat nilai p = 1% ( kolom menaalami patah desak)
As = 0,01. 600.510 =3060 mm2 -»A's = 1530 mm2
dipasang tulangan kolom = 4 D25 (1963,5 mm2)^ satu sisi
cek patah desak:
A's.fy b.h.fc
Pn = ———r2 +
[el (d-d')] + 0,5 (3he/d2) + l,18
e=Mox / Pn = 551,3309 / 7298,871 = 0,07538 m
1963,5.400 600.600.30
Pn = + = 7497 324KN
[75,538/(510-90)]+ 0,5 (3.600.75.538/5102) +1,18 /H*''^HJV1N
jadi Pn=7298,71 KN < 7497,324 KN- OK
Perencanaan Sengkang
s < 16x diameter tulangan memanjang = 16x 25 = 400 mm
48x diameter tulangan sengkang = 48 x 10 = 480 mm
ukuran kolom terkecil = 600 mm
maka dipasang sengkang = D10-400

131
Tabel 3.14 Penulangan Kolom
Lantai Kolom Dimensi Pu/0,65 As tarik As total PN Tul. Geser

(KN) (KN)
Basement Exterior 60/60 3350.598 4D25 12D25 5195.97 D10-400
Interior 70/70 8283.35 5D25 18D25 9911.459 D10-400
Ground Exterior 60/60 2863.9 4D25 12D25 4204.119 D10-400
Interior 60/60 7306.124 4D25 12D25 7497.324 D10-400
First Exterior 60/60 2268.437 4D25 12D25 5661.082 D10-400
Interior 60/60 5833.96 4D25 12D25 6219.038 D10-400
Second Exterior 60/60 1707.462 4D25 12D25 5293.183 D10-400
Interior 60/60 4435.99 4D25 12D25 6837.174 D10-400
Third Exterior 40/40 1217.5 3D25 8D25 1535.511 D10-400
Interior 40/40 2542.34 4D25 12D25 5505.89 D10-400
Fourth Exterior 40/40 719.7831 3D19 8D19 4808.109 D10-300
Interior 40/40 1386.53 4D19 12D19 1548.438 D10-300
Topfloor Exterior 30/30 122.2369 2D19 4D19 2734.313 D10-300
Interior 30/30 192.05 3D19 8D19 2918.129 D10-300
132
3.6 Perencanaan Pondasi
-Pondasi C7
Data.
Daya dukung tanah = 300 KN/m2
Berat volume tanah =20,5 KN/m2
Ukuran kolom : 70/70
Beban aksial kolom = 439,365 ton
Berat sendiri TieBeam = ((6,6+3,2+3)2,4.0,4.0,7 ) = 8,6016 ton
Berat kolom pondasi = 0,7. 0,7. 4 . 2,4 = 4,704 ton
Berat tanah sepanjang kolompondasi = 0,7.0,7. 4. 2.05 = 4,018
Beban mati PD = 439,365 + 8,6016 + 4,704 - 4,018 = 448,65 ton =4486,5KN

Beban hidup PL=70,253 ton =702,53 KN
Momen = 1,2.Md + 1,6 ML =1,2.0,422 + 1,6.0,402 =l,1496Tm
Momen gempa (ME) = 20,313 TM=203,13 KNm
q tanah = (4 -0,2 - 0,9). 20,5=59,45 KN/ m2
q pondasi = 0,9.24. =21,6 KN/m2
q basement = 19,82 KN/m2
*Menentukan dimensi pondasi*
daya dukung tanah eflctif o^ = 300 -59,45 - 21,6- 19,82 = 198,78 KN/ m2
A = Pu/ aef= ((1,2.4486,5 + 1,6. 702,53)/198,78)=32,898 m2
Pondasi direncanakan bujur sangkar, sehingga :

13:
A = bxb * b=V/f =5,735 m~5,9m
e = M/Pu = (11,496+203,13)/6732,11 = 3,28E-2 m
tegangan dengan memperhitungakan momen yang terjadi
Pu
i+\¥
6539,458 '6.0,0328^
1+ 194,13 KN/m'
5,92 ^ 5,9
a = Pu / A < a ef
= 6539,458/5,92= 187,86 KN/m2 <194,13 KN/m:
-Cek kuat geser beton
Cek geser pons

5,9 M
^ ^^^g
0,7 '^d
5,9 M n 0,? B1
!£d ,•
////
////
I ^ZYl
V2d
yA
}^d
Gambar 3.40 Daerah kritis geser pons
Bl=0,7 + 2. (0,5.d )
= 0,7+ 2.(0,5.0,92)=!,62m
B2=0,7 + 2. (0,5 d )
= 0,7+ 2.(0,5 .0,92) =1,62 m

gaya geser total pada penampang kritis
Vu= a . (5,92-Bl.B2)
Vu= 187,86 (5,92-1,62. 1,62) =6397,854 KN
Kuat geser beton
0 Vc = 0,6.(4. A/77c)2(Bl+B2). d
=0,6.(4. V30)2.3240.920.E-3 = 78367,27 KN>Vu aman
Cek geser balok

S ..CJ 0 7
1M • 5,9 M
59M
Gambar 3.41 Daerah kritis geser balok
Vu = a .b.s
s=(5,9 - 0,7)/2 -0.92 =1,68 m
Gaya geser total pada penampang kritis tiap lm panjam

Vu = a b.s
= 187,86. 1 .1,68 = 326,1411 KN
Kuat geser beton tiap lm panjang
0Vc = 0,6.(1/6. ^TO-b.d.

135
=0,6.(1/6 . V30 ) 1000 920.E-3 =503,905 KN > Vu
Penulangan
S ,
IIP 0,7
5,9
il -5.9 M-
Gambar 3.42 Daerah momen
î
Q9
r\ \ ~A I A—TT-X
Ci
Gambar 3.43 Gaya dari bawah pondasi
momen diambil selebar b = lm
s = (5,9-0,7)/2 =2,6 m
M= a .b.s. 1/2. s
=187.86. 1.2,6. 1/2. 2.6 = 656,1649 KNm
Mn = 656,1649 / 0,8 =820,2061 KN m
jd = 0,9 d = 0,9 .920 = 828 mm

136
Mn 820,2061
As = ——" = nnn „ = 2476,468mm2
jd.fy 828.400
dipakai D25 dengan A10 = 490,873 mm2
. , , 40.1OOO 490,873.1000
jarak tulangan = x = —^ = = 198 2154mm
5 As 2476,468 iyo^1^mm
dipasang tulangan pokok D25-150
As paka,^ (A10 1000)/150 = 3272,493 mm:
As^ 1,4/(400.1000.920) = 3220 mm2

Tabel 3.15 Penulangan Pondasi
PONDASI Pd PL PE PU Tebal ° .i B ° t.rj.di Dua arah Satu arah

(ton) (ton) (ton) (ton) (mm) (KN/m2) (m) (KN/nv) (KN/m2) VU(KN) 0VC(KN) VU(KN) 0VC(KN)
AS-E5 186.2033 19.076 12.691 2666.566 600 196.08 3.7 228.2497 194.782 2392.49 33357.62 223.6847 284.8157
AS-E7 317.447 35.897 13.021 4513.926 700 195.73 4.9 202.6815 188.0019 4358.437 43032.59 299.9686 339.588
AS-B7 209.3694 34.604 0 3066.097 600 196.08 4 211.6514 191.6311 2845.435 33357.62 239.166 284.8157
AS-A7 61.0329 10.64 0 902.6348 400 196.78 2.5 210.9457 144.4216 1025.145 17162.56 122.3485 175.2712
As-C7 448.65 70.253 3.161 6539.458 1000 198.78 5.9 194.1316 187.8615 6397.854 78367.27 326.1411 503.9048
M Mn AS As terpakai As min DIPAKAI

(KN.m) (KN.m) (mm2) (mm2) (mm2)
256.7809 320.9762 1714.616 1963.496 1820 D25-250
446.9127 558.6409 2502.872 2583.547 2170 D25-190
288.1104 360.138 1923.814 1963.496 1820 D25-250
85.43302 106.7913 927.0076 1227.185 1120 D25-400
656.1649 820.2061 2476.468 3272.493 3220 D25-150
138
Perencanaan Balok Ikat (Tie Beam)
Balok ikat dengan bentang 6,6 m (40/50)
Pu = 5384,118 KN
Pu=10%PU =538,4118 KN
- Terhadap gaya aksial tarik :
Pu'/0 538,4118.E3/0,65
As0eriu
perlu = —,—
fy = 400 — = 2070mm2
dipasang tulangan 5D25 dengan As= 2454 mm2 > As lu
- Terhadap gaya aksial desak :
Pu' = 538,4118 ; fc'= 30 Mpa
Agr = 400 x 500 =200000 mm2
Pu' 538,4118E3
0,162
0. Agr.0,85. fc' 0,65. .200000.0,85.30
Mu = 0 > et=0
et ^=(15+0,03.11)
=(15+ 0,03.500)= 30 mm
et/h = 30/500 = 0,06
d'/h = 70/500 =0,14
Pu' et
—-———— — = 0,162.0,06 = 0,00972
0. Agr.0,85. fc' h
dari grafik halaman 90 (Gideon #4) didapat nilai r =0,02;/?=1,2,p =0,024
As ^ =0,024 x 400 x 500 =4800 mm2

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30

3.1 Perencanaan Kuda - Kuda

Gambar 3.1 Kuda-kuda

3.1.1 Perencanaan Gording

1. Data rangka atap

Bentang kuda-kuda = 6,40 m

Jarak kuda-kuda = 3,30 m

Sudut kemiringan atap = 45 °

2. Perhitungan panjang batang

Cos 45" = 1,5/Al

Tabel 3.1 Panjang Batang Kayu

Kayu kelas I = 1 gr/cm3 = 1000 kg/m3

Jarak antar gording = 2,263 m

Jarak kuda-kuda = 3,30 m

o „ = 1 . 150. 5/4= 187,5 kg/cm2

a. Beban angin (W)

Bangunan di daerah angin daratan W=25 kg/m:

Angin tekan (Wt) a < 65 °

= 0,02 . 45 - 0,4 = 0,5

Wt = Clx W x jarak gording

Angin Hisap (Wh)

= 100 Cos 45° =70,71 kg

qx = q . L . Cos a = 50 . 2,263 . Cos 45 ° = 80,0 kg/m

qy = q. L . Sin a = 50 . 2,263. Sin 45 ° = 80,0 kg/m

Kayu kelas kuat I, E = 125.000 kg/cm2

dimensi gording 8/12 , Bj = 1000 kg/m3

q = b. h. Bj = 0,08 . 0,12. 1000 = 9,6 kg/m

qx = q . Cos a = 9,6 . Cos 45 " = 6,79 kg/m

qy = q . Sin a = 9,6 . Sin 45 ° = 6,79 kg/m

q tetap = q atap + q gording

qx tetap = 80,0 + 6,79 = 86,79 kg/m

qy tetap = 80,0 + 6,79 = 86,79 kg/m

Mx= 1/8 . qx. L2 + 1/4 . Px. L

= 1/8. 86,79 2,263 2+ %. 70,71. 2,263 = 95,5625 kg m

My = 1/8 . qy. L2+V4.Py. L

= 1/8. 86,79 2,263 2+ V* . 70,71. 2,263 = 95,5625 kg m

Wy =l/6.b2h=l/6. 12. 82 =128 cm3

= 86,79 + 28,28755 =115,0775 kg/m

qy si = qy tetap = 86,79 kg/m

= 1/8 . 115,0775 . 2,263 + %. 70,71. 2,263 = 113,6706 kg m

= 86,79 + (-22,63) = 64,16 kg/m

= 1/8 . 64,16. 2,263 2= 41,072 kg m

=1/8 . 86,79. 2,263 2= 55,5583 kg m

64,7966 kg/cm2 < 187,5 kg/cm2

384 EI +48 EI <200 L

1/12. 8,123= 1152cm4

L= 330 cm (jarak kuda-kuda)

0,9307 + 0,3676 = 1,3 cm < 1,7 cm

0,0582 + 0,3676 =0,4258 cm < 1,7 cm

Fmax = JFx2 +Fy2 < ——.L

Jl,32 +0,42582 < 340

1,368 cm < 1,7 cm Amaan !!

3.1.2 Perencanaan Dimensi Kuda-Kuda

a. Beban Genteng (PPI 1983 ) = 50 kg/m2

P0 = V2 . 2,263 . 3,3 . 50 = 186,6975 kg

PI = V2 . 3,3 2,263. 50 .2 = 360,4 kg

b. Beban eternit (PPI 1983 ) = 11 kg/m2

P0' = V2. 1,6.3,3 . 11 =29,04 kg

VV = V2. 1,6.3,3. 11 .2 = 58,08 kg