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    2.5 Second Derivative Test PDF

    Uploaded by

    patrick alves
    The document discusses using the second derivative test to find the extrema of functions. It provides examples of applying the test to various functions and determining whether critical points represent relative maxima or minima based on the sign of the second derivative. The key steps are finding the critical points by taking the derivative and setting it equal to 0, then evaluating the second derivative at those points and using the sign to classify the extrema.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    2.5 Second Derivative Test PDF

    Uploaded by

    patrick alves
    69 views7 pages
    The document discusses using the second derivative test to find the extrema of functions. It provides examples of applying the test to various functions and determining whether critical points represent relative maxima or minima based on the sign of the second derivative. The key steps are finding the critical points by taking the derivative and setting it equal to 0, then evaluating the second derivative at those points and using the sign to classify the extrema.

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    2.5 Second derivative test.pdf

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    The document discusses using the second derivative test to find the extrema of functions. It provides examples of applying the test to various functions and determining whether critical points represent relative maxima or minima based on the sign of the second derivative. The key steps are finding the critical points by taking the derivative and setting it equal to 0, then evaluating the second derivative at those points and using the sign to classify the extrema.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    69 views7 pages

    2.5 Second Derivative Test PDF

    Uploaded by

    patrick alves
    The document discusses using the second derivative test to find the extrema of functions. It provides examples of applying the test to various functions and determining whether critical points represent relative maxima or minima based on the sign of the second derivative. The key steps are finding the critical points by taking the derivative and setting it equal to 0, then evaluating the second derivative at those points and using the sign to classify the extrema.

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    You are on page 1of 7

    Topic: Second derivative test

    Question: Use the Second Derivative Test to classify the given critical
    points.

    f ′′(x) = − 6x + 6, x = 0, x = 2

    Answer choices:

    A Relative minimum at x = 0; Relative maximum at x = 2

    B Relative minimum at x = 2; Relative maximum at x = 0

    C Relative minima at x = 0 and x = 2

    D Relative maxima at x = 0 and x = 2

    442
    Solution: A

    Since the second derivative of the function is positive at the critical


    number x = 0 (f ′′(0) = − 6(0) + 6 = 6 > 0), the function f is concave up at that
    point. Therefore, there is a relative minimum at x = 0.

    Since the second derivative of the function is negative at the critical


    number x = 2 (f ′′(2) = − 6(2) + 6 = − 6 < 0), the function f is concave down at
    that point. Therefore, there is a relative maximum at x = 2.

    443
    Topic: Second derivative test

    Question: What are the extrema of the function using the second
    derivative test?

    f (x) = x 2 + x + 4

    Answer choices:

    A There is a local minimum at x = − 1/2.

    B There is a local maximum at x = − 1/2.

    C There is a local minimum at x = 1/2.

    D There is a local maximum at x = 1/2.

    444
    Solution: A

    Start by finding the critical numbers, which we’ll do by taking the first
    derivative of the function.

    f (x) = x 2 + x + 4

    f′(x) = 2x + 1

    Now set the derivative equal to 0 and solve for x.

    0 = 2x + 1

    2x = − 1

    1
    x=−
    2

    There is one critical number at x = − 1/2. Now take the second derivative of
    the function.

    f′′(x) = 2

    Substitute the critical number into the second derivative.

    ( 2)
    1
    f′′ − =2

    Because the second derivative is positive at the critical number, it means


    the critical number x = − 1/2 represents a minimum. Remember when
    f′′(x) > 0, there is a local minimum at that point.

    The function f (x) = x 2 + x + 4 has a local minimum at x = − 1/2.

    445
    Topic: Second derivative test

    Question: What are the extrema of the function using the second
    derivative test?

    1 4
    f (x) = x − x2 + 6
    2

    Answer choices:

    A There are local maximums at x = − 2 and x = 2 and a local minimum


    at x = 0.

    B There are local minimums at x = − 2 and x = 2 and a local maximum


    at x = 0.

    C There are local maximums at x = − 1 and x = 1 and a local minimum


    at x = 0.

    D There are local minimums at x = − 1 and x = 1 and a local maximum


    at x = 0.

    446
    Solution: D

    Start by finding the critical numbers, which we’ll do by taking the first
    derivative of the function.

    1 4
    f (x) = x − x2 + 6
    2

    f′(x) = 2x 3 − 2x

    f′(x) = 2x (x 2 − 1)

    f′(x) = 2x(x − 1)(x + 1)

    Now set the derivative equal to 0 and solve for x.

    0 = 2x(x − 1)(x + 1)

    x = − 1, 0, 1

    There are three critical numbers at x = − 1, 0, 1. Now take the second


    derivative of the function.

    f′′(x) = 6x 2 − 2

    Substitute the critical numbers into the second derivative.

    f′′(−1) = 6(−1)2 − 2 = 4

    f′′(0) = 6(0)2 − 2 = − 2

    f′′(1) = 6(1)2 − 2 = 4

    447
    Remember when f′′(x) > 0, there is a local minimum at that point, and when
    f′′(x) < 0, there is a local maximum at that point. Therefore, the function has
    local minimums at x = − 1 and x = 1, and a local maximum at x = 0.

    448

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