A

REPORT
ON
STUDENTS’ INDUSTRIAL WORK EXPERIENCE
SCHEME

UNDERTAKEN AT:
GREAT SYSTEM PRODUCTION
158, IDUA ROAD, EKET, AKWA IBOM.

BY:
THOMPSON, VICTORIA EDET
AK18/PHS/CHM/036

SUBMITTED TO:
DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY
FACULTY OF PHYSICAL SCIENCES
AKWA IBOM STATE UNIVERSITY

IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT

FOR THE AWARD OF BACHELOR OF SCIENCE
DEGREE IN CHEMISTRY.
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 TABLE OF CONTENT

TITLE PAGE

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

CERTIFICATION

CHAPTER ONE

1.0 Introduction (Overview of SIWES)

1.1 Aim and objectives of SIWES

1.2 About the company

1.3 Organizational structure of company

CHAPTER TWO

2.0 Definition of water

2.1 Properties of water

2.2 Uses of water

2.3 Definition of water treatment

2.4 Importance of water treatment

2.5 Water treatment plant

2.6 Machines involved in the production and packaging of water

2.7 Machines involved in water treatment

2.8 Chemicals involved in water treatment

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2.9 Apparatus used to test for treated water

2.9.1 Uses of chemicals involved in water treatment

CHAPTER THREE

3.0 Production of sachet water

3.1 Production of bottle water

3.2 Quality control test

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0 Recommendation

4.1 Conclusion

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Any piece of research, being a team work is almost impossible to

complete without the help of others. This study also becomes
possible through the whole-hearted cooperation of many persons
and well-wishers. I deem it an act of immense pleasure to
acknowledge them here.

I would like to give sincere thanks to my supportive SIWES

coordinator Dr. Ifiok Ekwere, my exceptional SIWES supervisor
Engr. Blessed Emenem, my respectable industry based
supervisor Miss NkeseAbasi Sam, to these above names, my
sincere and heartfelt grateful is expressed.

Most importantly I give thanks to GOD Almighty for seeing

through this period of industrial training. A big thank you goes to
my super mother Mrs. Emem Thompson, my supportive father
Engineer Sekerema Aniekpon and every member of my family
who have supported me through this journey. Finally, I want to
appreciate the unending support and coach, my partner Mr. Lloyd
Ezekwe.

Throughout this period a lot of people have contributed to the

fulfillment of this training, I appreciate you all.

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 CERTIFICATION

This is to certify that this report on Students’ Industrial Work

Experience Scheme was successfully completed by
THOMPSON, VICTORIA EDET with registration number
AK18/PHS/CHM/036.

Under my supervision and that this training completely

undertaken.

ENGR. BLESSED EMENEM ………………………

(SUPERVISOR) SIGNATURE/ DATE

DR. IFIOK EKWERE ………………………

(SIWES COORDINATOR) SIGNATURE/ DATE

DR. ANDUANGO ODIONGENYI ………………………

(HEAD OF DEPARTMENT) SIGNATURE/ DATE

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 CHAPTER ONE

1.0 INTRODUCTION

Student Industrial Work Experience Scheme is a compulsory

skill training program designed to expose and prepare
student of Nigerian Universities, Polytechnics, College of
Education, College of Technology and College of Agriculture
for the industrial work challenges/situation they are likely to
encounter after graduation.

The Student Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES)

was established by ITF in 1973 to solve the problem of lack
of adequate practical skills preparatory for employment in
industries by Nigerian Graduate of tertiary institution.

Against this background it becomes imperative to deploy

vocational/technical engineering and science related student
to industrial environment where they have the facilities and
equipment, this is archived through the student industrial
work experiment scheme (SIWES) which is a program
involving practical outside school. Hence, participation in
(SIWES) is a necessary pre-condition for the award of
Diploma and Degree Certificate in specific discipline in most
institution of higher learning.

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 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF SIWES

• To bridge the gap between theory taught in school and

practice, by providing a platform to apply knowledge learnt in
school to real work.

• Provide an avenue for students in institution of higher

learning to acquire industrial skills for experience during their
course of study.

• Prepare students for real working atmosphere that they are

most likely to meet after graduation.

• Exposes student to work methods and techniques in

handling equipment and machinery that may not be available
during their years of study in the institution.

• Enabling the easier and smoother transition from school by

equipping student with better contact for future work
placement.

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 ABOUT THE COMPANY

GSP water is a subsidiary of Great System Production which

is involved majorly in the treatment, production and

distribution of water, either sachet water or bottle water.

GSP water is located at 158, Idua road, Eket. This great

establishment came into existence due to the high demand

for good and quality water.

The company also have other areas like blown film extrusion

department and pet blowing department which produces

packaging bags for both sachet and bottle waters

respectively. GSP is also the biggest water producing

company in Eket and has recorded awards for its quality

production of water.

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ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE OF THE COMPANY

CEO

MD

MANAGER

AUDITOR

QUALITY CONTROL SUPERVISOR

WATER FACTORY OPERATORS

FACTORY WORKERS

SALES OPERATIVES

DRIVERS

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 CHAPTER TWO
DEFINITION OF WATER

Water is a clear transparent colorless liquid, perfectly neutral

in its reaction and devoid of taste and smell. Water can also
be defined as a chemical compound that consists of
hydrogen and oxygen atoms in the ratio 2:1 respectively with
the chemical formula (H20).

PROPERTIES OF WATER

 It is tasteless, odorless and colorless liquid.

 Water is commonly referred to as a universal solvent.
 Water is commonly found in three common different
states of matter.
 It is a dynamic equilibrium between liquid and gas state
at STP.

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 USES OF WATER

Water is essential for life in all areas of life. Water is used in

agriculture, washing, basic home needs, industrial applications,
fire extinguishing and most importantly for water and waste
industries. Water also has its chemicals uses in chemical
reactions as a solvent or reactant.

WHAT IS WATER TREATMENT?

Water treatment is a process of removal of undesirable

contaminants (chemical, biological, suspended solids and gases)
in water.

The process used to achieve water purification are classified as

chemical, physical and microbiological methods. The chemical
methods include distillation, filtration, sedimentation, while the
biological method involves slow sand filters and biologically active
carbon.

IMPORTANCE OF WATER TREATMENT

Raw water contains water molecules and a very large variety of

other substances. Water is treated to remove contaminants and
undesirable components and also to reduce their concentration
so that the water becomes fit for its desired end use.
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 WHAT IS A WATER TREATMENT PLANT?

What treatment plant can be defined as an installation which

enhances the purification of water such that its quality at the end
of the process meets the water quality criteria for its intended
use.

This plant consists of semi-treated water tank, surface pump,

filters, UV water light sterilizer and the vessels. Activities that are
carried out in the water treatment plants includes backwashing,
refilling of chemical vessels.

WHAT IS BACKWASHING?

Backwashing is a process of reversing the flow of water through

the media such that the clogs (which includes particles,
microorganism) which were stalked on and within the media are
removed from the vessel. During the process, the reverse flow of
water causes a disturbance to the media such that the particles of
the media in the vessels are separated by removing the clogs
from the system. This process is done every day as production
occurs daily.

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 REFILLING OF VESSELS

There are two different types of vessels in the treatment plants

namely sand based vessel and carbon based vessel.

THE SAND BASED VESSEL

This vessel contains the sand bed. Before installation the vessel
is properly cleaned. The sand based vessels consist of gravel,
fine sand, 3/8 sand.

THE CARBON BASED VESSEL

This vessels chemicals. Before installation the chemicals are

washed thoroughly with chlorine and measured into the vessel.
These chemicals include calcite, adolite and carbon.

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 MACHINES INVOLVED IN WATER PRODUCTION AND
PACKAGING

 Surface pump

 Ultraviolet light sterilizer

 pH meter

 TDS meter

 Submersible pump

 Reversed blowing machine

 Online bottle machine

 Fountain water machine

 Industrial treatment plant

 Cutting and sealing machine

 Hot printer machine

 Automatic liquid packaging machine

 Microcomputer double column drawing plastic blowing

machine.

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 MACHINES INVOLVED IN WATER TREAMENT

 Surface pump
 Industrial treatment plant
 pH meter
 TDS meter
 Ultraviolet light sterilizer
 Beaker (not a machine but an apparatus involved in the
process of water treatment)
 Filters (not a machine but it’s very essential for water
treatment)

CHEMICALS USED IN WATER TREATMENT

• Carbon

• Calcite calcium carbonate

• Adolite

• Fine sand

• 3/8 sand

• Gravel

• Super sand

• Limes

• Caustic soda
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 APPARATUS USED IN THE LABORATORY OF GSP

WATER

• Weighing balance

• Beaker

• pH meter

• Volumetric flasks

• TDS meter

• Stirrer

• Stopwatch

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 USES OF CHEMICALS INVOLVED FOR WATER
TREATMENT

From the above listed numbers of chemicals, these are the uses
of a few of them from the list.

CALCITE

 It is used in making the water hard.

 It is used in neutralizing acidic or low the pH water to reduce
corrosiveness and balance pH prior to iron treatment.

CARBON

 It is used retain taste, odor and color of water as it is by

nature.
 Carbon is also used to remove certain chemicals, particularly
organic chemicals from water.

FINE SAND

 It is used for the removal of suspended matter, as well as

floating and sinkable particles.

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GRAVEL

 Gravel is extremely effective filter media because of its ability

to hold back precipitate containing impurities.

CAUSTIC SODA

 It increases the pH of water.

 It can also easily change hard water to a much closer
approximation to neutral.

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 CHAPTER THREE

PRODUCTION OF SACHET WATER

The following steps are involved in sachet water production.

MICROFILTRATION

The semi treated water passes through a 1hp surface-pump into

a set of four micro filters, moving from 5um to 1um to 0.5um and
finally through a solid block carbon filter then UV light water
sterilizers. The carbon filters remove contaminants like arsenic,
lead and other contaminants from water.

DISINFECTION (UV LIGHT WATER STERILIZER)

From the carbon filter, water enters into the UV light water
sterilizers where the water is disinfected. In the sterilizers, water
passes through a clear chamber where water is to ultraviolet light.
Microorganisms like bacteria and virus are destroyed when
exposed to the UV light.

For an excellent effectiveness of the UV sterilizers to obtained,

the water that is passed through it must be clear. When the water
is not clear, disinfection effectiveness reduces due to a result of
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absorption, scattering and shadowing caused by the suspended
solids. That is the reason for sediment and carbon filters before
the disinfection process.

PACKAGING

After the UV sterilization, the treated water is pack aged using a

machine called Automatic Liquid Packing Machine, where the
sachet water roll is folded, sealed, fills water, final sealing to a
60cl packaged sachet

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 SACHET WATER PRODUCTION FLOW
Underground water source

Raw water storage in overhead tanks

5um micro filtration

Multimedia filtration

Granular activated carbon filter

Microfiltration

Semi-treated water storage in overhead

Microfiltration

Ultraviolet light water sterilization

Automatic filling and packaging machine

Packaged sachet water

Fig 3.1: Flow diagram illustrating sachet water production process

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 PRODUCTION OF BOTTLE WATER

The following steps are involved in bottle water production;

REVERSE OSMOSIS

The semi treated is passed into the reverse osmosis system

which uses a separation technique which allows for the removal
of dissolve solids and salt from water through the use of
membrane and the application of counter pressure which
overcomes osmotic pressure thereby, achieving the separation
process.

The key components of the reverse osmosis system include the

feed water inlet, pre filters, reverse osmosis membrane
rotameters, pump, permeate (good water, low solute content)
outlet and concentrate (bad water, high solutes content). The
process is highly effective purification process where bacteria,
pathogen, hydrocarbon, suspended particles, calcium,
magnesium, lead etc.

OZONATION OF THE TEMPORARY STORED WATER:

The water being stored in the overhead storage tank is exposed

ozone gas (an unstable gas made of three oxygen atoms, O 3)

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which readily degrades back to oxygen during which a free

oxygen is released into water. As a powerful oxidant, it oxides

metals like iron, manganese, sulfur to insoluble particles, thereby,

aiding in their filtration and removal out of water. It helps in the

removal of odor and taste from the water. Ozone helps in killing

microorganism in the water when the free atom attaches itself to

the microorganism thereby, deactivating it. Also, as a naturally

occurring substance, when utilized, it degrades back to oxygen,

leaving no trace in the water. Due to the use of ozone, no need

for chemical addition to the water.

MICROFILTRATION AND UV LIGHT WATER STERILIZATION

The water then passes through a 1hp surface pump where the

pressure is increased and then, it passes through micro filtration

by the sediment filters from 5um to 1um to 0.5um to carbon filters

and then, through the UV water sterilizer for final disinfection.

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24
 PACKAGING

The water is finally packaged by the automatic liquid filling and

capping machine, using pet bottles either 50cl,75cl,150cl or 20L

respectively.

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 BOTTLE WATER PRODUCTION

Semi-treated water storage in overhead tank

Reverse osmosis with pre-microfiltration and 2.2kw pump

Storage of water and ozonation

Microfiltration (5um, 1um, 0.5um and carbon filter)

Ultraviolet light water sterilization

Automatic liquid filling and capping machine

Packaged bottle water

Fig 3.2: Flow diagram illustrating Bottle water production process

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 QUALITY CONTROL TESTS

The following are the major tests done on treated water to ensure

its safety for the end use of consumers. These tests are usually

carried out in the laboratory session of the factory by a lab

scientist. The test includes;

POTENTIAL OF HYDRGEN(pH) TEST

This is the most important test that is done on water before and

after production. The pH value of water determines whether the

water is safe for drinking or not.

pH is defined as the measure of hydrogen ion concentration in a

given solution. It is also referred to the degree of acidity or

alkalinity. The logarithm scale of the pH meter is 1 - 14 wherein 1-

6 is acidic, 7 is neutral and 8 - 14 is alkaline.

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 HOW TO TEST FOR pH

150ml of water is measured into a beaker after which the pH

meter is turned on and allowed to stay for some time to start up

well, before being inserted into the beaker and allowed to stay for

5 minutes in order to get a stable reading. The recommended pH

value by NAFDAC is 6.5 - 8.5 at this range, the water is safe for

drinking.

TOTAL DISSOLVED SOLIDS TEST

Total dissolved solids are the amount of dissolved solids present

in water and it’s measured using a TDS meter.

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 HOW THE TDS METER WORKS?

The cap of the TDS meter is removed and the switch is turned

on, the tip of the TDS meter is deepened into a beaker containing

150ml of water and allowed to stay for five minutes in order to

obtain a steady reading.

The T.D.S value falls from 300ppm to 600ppm on every test, then

the water is the safe for drinking.

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 CHAPTER FOUR

RECOMMENDATION

Water treatments is very important as it helps in the reduction of

sicknesses like diarrhea and typhoid, therefore, it is not just for

industrial use alone but can be applied at home and public water

supply tanks.

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 CONCLUSION

My industrial training experience with GSP water has provided an

opportunity for me to understand the practical aspects of some theoretical

courses learnt in school as an undergraduate of Chemistry department,

through various analysis and test carried out on water to ensure that it is

safe for consumption and beneficial to human health.

Moreover, the students’ industrial work experience scheme has exposed

me to the working environment and moral learning in the organization.

I also gained experience on new equipment operation, data analysis in

the laboratory and how to run some test that are water treatment related.

Also, I had the opportunity of interacting with some I.T students from

other schools of higher learning, we also shared practical ideas.

In conclusion, the experience gained will enhance my knowledge in

chemistry.

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