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    Revision Notes Class - 8 Science Chapter 8 - Cell - Structure and Functions

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    Arpit Sharma
    The document discusses the structure and function of cells. It defines cells as the basic units of organisms and notes they come in various shapes and sizes. A cell contains a cell membrane, cytoplasm, and a nucleus. Within the cytoplasm are organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts. The nucleus houses genetic material and is enclosed by a nuclear membrane. Cells are either prokaryotic, lacking a nucleus membrane, or eukaryotic, with a defined nucleus. Plant and animal cells share components like the nucleus and cytoplasm but plant cells additionally contain a cell wall and chloroplasts.

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    Revision Notes Class - 8 Science Chapter 8 - Cell - Structure and Functions

    Uploaded by

    Arpit Sharma
    75 views5 pages
    The document discusses the structure and function of cells. It defines cells as the basic units of organisms and notes they come in various shapes and sizes. A cell contains a cell membrane, cytoplasm, and a nucleus. Within the cytoplasm are organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts. The nucleus houses genetic material and is enclosed by a nuclear membrane. Cells are either prokaryotic, lacking a nucleus membrane, or eukaryotic, with a defined nucleus. Plant and animal cells share components like the nucleus and cytoplasm but plant cells additionally contain a cell wall and chloroplasts.

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    Chapter 8

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    The document discusses the structure and function of cells. It defines cells as the basic units of organisms and notes they come in various shapes and sizes. A cell contains a cell membrane, cytoplasm, and a nucleus. Within the cytoplasm are organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts. The nucleus houses genetic material and is enclosed by a nuclear membrane. Cells are either prokaryotic, lacking a nucleus membrane, or eukaryotic, with a defined nucleus. Plant and animal cells share components like the nucleus and cytoplasm but plant cells additionally contain a cell wall and chloroplasts.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    75 views5 pages

    Revision Notes Class - 8 Science Chapter 8 - Cell - Structure and Functions

    Uploaded by

    Arpit Sharma
    The document discusses the structure and function of cells. It defines cells as the basic units of organisms and notes they come in various shapes and sizes. A cell contains a cell membrane, cytoplasm, and a nucleus. Within the cytoplasm are organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts. The nucleus houses genetic material and is enclosed by a nuclear membrane. Cells are either prokaryotic, lacking a nucleus membrane, or eukaryotic, with a defined nucleus. Plant and animal cells share components like the nucleus and cytoplasm but plant cells additionally contain a cell wall and chloroplasts.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Revision Notes

    Class - 8 Science
    Chapter 8 – Cell - Structure and Functions

    Cell:
    ● A cell is defined as the basic smallest structural and functional unit of
    an organism. They are complex units which are microscopic in nature.
    ● The term ‘cell’ was first coined by Robert Hooke in the year 1665 when
    he noticed boxes or compartments in a slice of cork under microscope.
    ● An organism can be made up of a single cell unit and they are called
    unicellular organisms like amoeba, paramecium, etc.
    ● The single cell unit of unicellular organisms perform all the functions
    necessary for life like growth, digestion, respiration, excretion, and
    reproduction by itself.
    ● An organism made up of many cells is called as a multicellular organism
    like human beings, plants etc.
    ● In the multicellular organisms a group of special cells perform the same
    function and are termed as tissues. Similar tissues form an organ and
    organs form an organism. Thus each cell or group of cells has a specific
    function to perform.
    ● In general the cells exhibit a wide variety of shapes, sizes, and number and
    these can vary from organism to organism.
    ● A cell can be as big as a hen’s egg which can be seen by naked eye and as
    small as 0.1 - 0.5 micrometres in a bacteria.
    ● A cell can be of multiple shapes. It can be spherical like the red blood cells
    or spindle shaped like the muscle cells or branched like the nerve cells.
    ● The size of a cell is not related to the size of the organism, it is the
    function of that cell which is important. The nerve cells perform the same
    function of transferring messages whether it is in an elephant or a rat.

    Parts of a cell:
    The cell has basically three main parts, which are the cell membrane, cytoplasm,
    and the nucleus.
    a) Cell membrane: This is the basic component of a cell that encloses the
    cytoplasm and nucleus and gives shape to the cell. This is also known as
    the plasma membrane and it separates the cells from each other. It is
    porous in nature to allow transport of substances in and out of the cell. The
    plants have an additional thick outer layer known as the cell wall.
    b) Cytoplasm: The jelly-like substance which is present between the cell
    membrane and the nucleus is called as the cytoplasm. There are various
    other components of a cell which are present in the cytoplasm called
    organelles. They are as follows:
    ● Mitochondria
    ● Endoplasmic reticulum or the ER
    ● Ribosomes
    ● Lysosomes ● Vacuole
    ● Golgi body
    ● Plastids which are small coloured bodies in the cytoplasm in plants.
    The green coloured ones are called chloroplasts. ●
    Centrosome which is present only in animal cells.
    c) Nucleus: This is the dense spherical component that is present in the centre
    of the cell. This is the most important part of a living cell as it controls all
    the activities of the cell. It also contains thread like structures called
    chromosomes which carry the hereditary material in the genes.
    d) Nuclear membrane: The nucleus of a cell is separated from the cytoplasm
    by a porous membrane called nuclear membrane which functions to
    transport substances between the cytoplasm and the nucleus.
    e) Nucleolus: There are small spherical bodies present in the nucleus which
    are known as nucleolus.

    Prokaryotic cells:
    The cells that lack a nuclear membrane for the nucleus are called prokaryotic
    cells, like that of bacteria and blue green algae.
    Eukaryotic cells:
    The cells that have a defined nuclear membrane for the nucleus are called
    eukaryotic cells. All organisms except bacteria and blue green algae are
    eukaryotic cells.

    Comparison of Animal and Plant cell:


    S No Component Animal cell Plant cell
    1 Cell membrane Present Present
    2. Cell wall Absent Present
    3. Cytoplasm Present Present
    4. Nucleus Present Present
    5. Nuclear membrane Present Present
    6. Plastids Absent Present
    7. Vacuole Present Present

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