Rizal Reviewer

Jose Rizal – Dr. Jose Protacio Rizal Mercado Y Alonzo Realonda

Born – June 19, 1861

Birthplace – Calamba Laguna

Baptized by: Rev. Rufino Collantes on June 22,1861

Died – December 30, 1896 at the age of 35

Father- Don Francisco Mercado

Born – May 11, 1818 at Binan Laguna

Studied: Latin and Philosophy at the College of San Jose in Manila

Died on Manila – January 5, 1898 at the age of 80

Mother – Dona Teodora Alonzo Realonda

Born in manila – November 8,1826

Studied: At the College of Santa Rosa

Died in Manila – August 16,1911 at age of 85

Siblings

1. Saturnina (1850-1913) – palayaw niya ay Neneng

2. Paciano (1851-1930) – katapatang loob ni rizal
3. Narcisa (1852-1939) – palayaw niya ay Sisa
4. Olympia (1855-1887) – Palayaw niya ay Ypia
5. Lucia (1857-1919) – got married on Mariano Herbosa
6. Maria (1859-1945) – Palayaw niya ay Biang
7. Jose (1861-1896) – palayaw niya ay Mo’y at Pepe
8. Concepcion (1862-1865) – Palayaw niya ay Concha
9. Josefa (1865-1945) – Palayaw niya ay Panggoy
10. Trinidad (1868-1951) – Palayaw niya ay Trining
11. Soledad (1870-1929)- Palayaw niya ay Choleng

Rizal Law or Republic Act 1425

Rizal Law – Propose by Claro M. Recto and Jose P Laurel .

*Mandating schools to offer a course on Rizal’s life,works and writing.

Birth of Rizal Law

April 3,1956 – Senate Bill no. 438 ( An Act to make Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo compulsory
reading matter in all public and private college and universities and for other purposes) it was submitted
to the senate committee of education.

April 17,1956 – Senator Jose P. Laurel , the chairman of the committee sponsored and presented the bill
to the members of the upper house on April 17, 1956.

Main purpose of The Bill

 According to Senator Jose P. Laurel is to disseminate the ideas and ideals of Jose Rizal through
the reading of his works ,notably his novels NOLI ME TANGERE and EL FILI BUSTERISMO.
 He stated that rizal’s book must be read by all Filipino

Their Argument were as follows :

1. The bill was an attempt to discredit the catholic religion.

2. Inimical to the tenets of the faith to which 170 lines in Noli Me Tangere and 50 lines in El
filibusterismo were offensive to the church doctrine.
3. The bill might divide the nation.
4. Compulsion to read something against one’s faith impaired freedom of speech and religious
freedom.

Senator Francisco `SOC` Rodrigo-Opposed to the bill , stood up and delivered his speech.

Housebill No. 556- this bill was filed by Congressman Jacobo Z. Gonzales in the house of representatives.

~ this bill was welcomed by dissenting opinions.

May 12,1956- Senator Laurel proposed a substitute Bill.

- Senator Laurel was wanted the removal of the term *compulsion* to appease the
opposition.
- The provision of `exemption` of students from reading the two novels on a certain
condition.
- With this ,on May 12,1956, senate Bill 438 was unanimously approved on second
reading.

May 14,1956 – It was imitated by the lower house, the senate on May 14 ,1956 , the bill was approved
unanimously in the house of representatives.

June 12,1956- Republic act 1425 came into effect.

Senators who opposed the Bill

* Francisco `Soc` Rodrigo

* Mariano Cuenco

* Decosoro Rosales

Groups who opposed the Bill

*Catholic action of the Philippines

* Congregation of the Mission

* Knights of Columbus

* Catholic Teachers Guild

Republic Act 1425 ‘Rizal Law’

*It was an act to include in the Curicula of all Public and Private schools, Colleges, and Universities,
Course on the life, works and writings of Jose Rizal particularly His novels Noli Me tangere and El
Filibusterismo, authorizing the printing distribution thereof, and for other purposes.

Section 1. – The board shall promulgate rules and regulations providing for the exemption of students of
reasons of religious belief stated in a sworn written statement .

Section 2. - It shall be obligatory on all schools, colleges and universities to keep in their libraries an
adequate number of copies of the original and unexpurgated editions of the Noli me Tangere and El
filibusterismo, as well as Rizal’s other works and biography.

Section 3. – The board of National Education shall cause the translation of the Noli Me Tangere and El
filibusterismo as well as other writings of rizal into English , Tagalog and the principal Philippine dialects;
cause them to be printed in cheap ,popular editions; and cause them to be distributed ,free of charge , to
persons desiring to read them , through the Purok organizations and Barrio Councils throughout the
country.

Section 4. – Nothing in this act shall be constructed as amendment of repealing section nine hundred
twenty-seven of the Administrative Code, prohibiting the discussion of religious doctrines by public
school teachers and other person engaged in any public school.

Section 5. - The sum of three hundred thousand pesos is hereby authorized to be appropriated out of
any fund not otherwise appropriated in the National Treasury to carry out the purposes of this act.

Section 6. – This act shall take effect upon its approval.

-Approved: June 12,1956.

CHAPTER TWO

Concept of Hero

~ People tend to misconstrue the title `hero’ as an award given to dead people.

~ This lesson traces the concept of hero in the Filipino culture and history to assess whether its
traditional sense is confined only to the likes of Rizal, on one hand , or may be applied to normal people
like the `millennials` on the other hand.

Concept of hero in Filipino Culture and History

~ In traditional western dictionaries, hero is defined here as an illustrious man, often of divine scent , or
with distinguished valor or enterprise in danger, and fortitude in suffering, who is supposed to exalted
after death.

Strip of Grandeur – Known as Bayani, Bagani, Magani ir Wani in various filipino ethno-linguistic groups.

Raiding into unallied territory or Pangangayaw

According to William Henry Scott , pangangayaw was done because of four reasons, namely:

1. To secure resources, ranging from the occasional use goods or bounty to human slaves.
2. To avenge a personal affront or family honor,
3. To fulfill mourning requirements to which the life of enemies must be sacrificed; and lastly
4. For personal prominence or mercenary reward.

It is important that Bayani does not work alone, he or she exerts effort together with his/her comrades in
community.

Bayan- Root word of Bayani

When pangangayaw is done , the group of Bayani returns home, thus fulfilling what Zeus Salazar said
about the bayani as a person who leaves his/her town and returns.

Tattoo- used as the protection of Kaluluwa of a bayani.

Kris/kampilan (weapon)

Putong (Head gear)

Other garments colored red are his iconic physical features.

Bayani- more often not a true kawani or lingkod-bayan who renders his/her help to those in need in the
community without counting the cost.

~ This bayani’s ultimate goal is to maintain peace and order. The concept of Bayanihan and the word
ipabayani (free labor offered to/by somenone) proves the semantic essence of BAYANI.
The Boxer Codex (1950) – an ancient document about the early Philippine societies, defines a bayani as a
person with high status and dignity.

Pedro Serrano Laktaw – in his dictionary , elaborates the personality of a bayani,

~ a person who fears no one, courageous,firm,bold, but quiet and calm.

Spaniards – Introduced the imaged of obedience of saints and disciples whom the filipinos had to imitate
in order to become good colonials .

Vida Sancti- or the lives of (dead) ,saints became the foundation of good qualities of life.

Doctrina Christiana – or prayer and doctrine books became a textbook of faith.

The americans- propagated a secular view on heroes.

- Hero-worshipping of American soldier who died during the Philippine-american war.

Overseas Filipino Workers (OFW) – are considered Bagong Bayani.

- Their work abroad is said to be a continuation of the culture of Pangangayaw.

Criteria for Recognizing Heroes

~ A hero is a social construct. Since that is the nature of the process,, recognizing heroes is always
subjective.

National Historical Commission of the Philippines (NHCP) -Released some of the criteria for recognizing
heroes , through their project Saysay. The criteria are listed below:

1. The extent of a person’s sacrifice for the welfare of the country ( Teodoro A. Agoncillo 1965)
2. The motive and methods employed in the attainment of the ideal ( welfare of the country )
(Teodoro A. Agoncillo 1965)
3. The moral character of the person concerned (Teodoro A. Agoncillo 1965)
4. The influence of the person concerned on his/her age and or the succeeding age ( Teodoro A.
Agoncillo 1965)
5. Those who have a concept of nation and thereafter aspire and struggle for the nations freedom
(Onofre D. Corpuz 1993)
6. Those who define and contribute to a system of life of freedom and order for a nation (Onofre D
Corpuz 1993)
7. Those who contribute to the quality of life and destiny of a nation ( Onofre D. Corpuz 1993)
8. A part of the people’s expression ( Alfredo Lagmay 1995)
9. Person who thinks of the future,especially the future generation ( Alfredo Lagmay 1995) ;and
10. The choice of a hero involves not only the recounting of an episode or events in history, but of
the entire process that made this particular person a hero ( Alfredo Lagmay 1995)

Rizal as a Filipino Hero

~ Jose Rizal as a filipino hero is state-sponsored through the Republic Act 1425 ( Rizal Law) . His
heroism , however, is not a post-world war II phenomenon. Two years after Rizal’s death , the first
commemoration was held on December 30,1898, when the President of The First Philippine Republic,
Emilio Aguinaldo,declared in Malolos Bulacan , a day of National Mourning.

The americans ,realizing the possibilities of rizal cult in their colonial agenda,seized the opportunity and
made Rizal the `national` hero of the Philippines.

Among the choices they had,three criteria were used in selection:

1. A hero who is not violent and militant, and if possible, preferred peaceful means like education;
2. A hero who had no qualms on American imperialism; and
3. A hero who is already dead. It is obvious here that Del Pilar, Mabini, Bonifacio and Aguinaldo
were not qualified as heroes.

Three step ,instead ,were made by the American Colonial government to promote his heroism,namely:

1. The creation of Rizal Province.

2. The erection of Rizal Monument;and
3. The declaration of Rizal Day on December 30 as public holiday.

In 1995, the National Heroes Committee created by President Fidel V. Ramos releast a list of
recommended National Heroes. These were as follows:

1. Jose Rizal
2. Andres Bonifacio
3. Emilio Aguinaldo
4. Apolinario Mabini
5. Sultan Dipatuan Kudarat
6. Juan Luna
7. Melchora Aquino
8. Gabriela Silang

The aforementioned list is not yet approved. The website of the National Commission on the culture and
arts states that `this might trigger a flood of request for proclamations` and might `trigger bitter debates
involving historical controversies about the heroes.

There are four major national celebrations with Rizal as an important subject:

1. June 12 (Independence Day)

2. June 19 (Birth Anniversary)
3. Last week of August (National heroes Week) and
4. December 30 (Rizal Day)
 CHAPTER THREE

Rizal as Symbol

Noli Me Tangere – is an 1887 novel by Filipino writer and activist Jose Rizal published during the
Spanish colonial period of the Philippines.

El Filibusterismo- also known by its alternative English title `The Reign of Greed`,is the second
novel written by Philippines national hero Jose Rizal.

Jose Rizal Last Will

~ He should be buried in the earth, preferably in Paang Bundok (Now North Cemetery) with a
stone and a cross on top.

~ His name, date of birth and dead must also be indicated.

~ He requested for the fence that would mark his grave.

~ He then stressed that no anniversary celebration must be conducted.

December 30,1912~ he was transferred beneath his monument in Luneta.

Second Rizal ~ is the symbolic Rizal. He is the kind if Rizal we have today. He is the Rizal in
Luneta.

Text ~ is anything that can be read, interpreted, and analyzed.

Two Types of Text

Sign ~ it is a kind of text which represents a fixed reality and posits itself as a means of portraying
that reality.

- A sign is “closed” text which implies that the freedom to create meaning is being

monopolized.

Symbol ~ which conveys meaning not only about itself but about cultural processes and relationships
meaning, therefore that it is not constant but constituted through a human agency.

~ A symbol is an “open” text which implies that any interpretation may be valid.
CHAPTER FOUR

Rizal and Nation Building

Jose Rizal – is considered a national hero because he fought for freedom in a silent but powerful way and
expressed his love for the Philippines through his writings rather that through the use of force or
aggression.

Vision of Rizal – he envisioned in the past a future generation of enlightened and educated Filipino ; a
time when filipinos would read his writings not as a heretic but as a person with the same national
sentiment as he had once.

History- relates to ancient Greek word “itivoey” ,istoria, which means “ knowledge acquired by
investigation, inquiry” , which clearly entails a rigorous investigation and not a sheer act of remembering
and empty utterance.

History or Kasaysayan – the filipino translation of history .

-It denotes essence and value (saysay) which therefore implies that the narrative
of the past must be seen as important to everyone;s existence.

Propaganda Movement (1882-1896) – advocated political reforms.

Rizal- awakens national consciousness and insists that education is the instrument for social progress.

Ignorance is slavery

~ should be adaptable to the needs or actual life of the people.

~ “Ang Kabataan ang pag-aasa ng bayan”

Novels of Rizal

NOLI ME TANGERE (1884)

~ Raise the political consciousness in relation to the current state of the Philippines.

~ Disseminate information about the country through journalism and public debate.

EL FILIBUSTERISMO a sequel to NOLI ME TANGERE (1891)

~ To draw attention calamitous state of affairs in the country.

Rizal’s Program of Action

~organize a group of Filipino students in Madrid.

~Publication of NOLI ME TANGERE and EL FILIBUSTERISMO

~Establishment of La Liga Filipina

~ Establishments of schools , clinic and other community development projects

~Piece together the past history of the Philippines.

Rizal’s Farewell: A well wish for the Nation

~Mi Ultimo Adios of Last Farewell

~Ang Huling Pahimakas ni Dr. Jose Rizal

Political Reforms

~restoration of Filipino representation to the Spanish Cortes and Freedom of press

~religious liberty

Educational Reforms

~Mass education for all people

~Education would liberate Filipinos from ignorance

Socio-Economic Reforms

~ 3 basic factors of production

~Development of agriculture

Moral Principles and Teaching

~Home as a strong influence in the minds of children

~No man has the right to subjugate his will to another

~Importance of Women
POINTERS TO REVIEW

1. REPUBLIC ACT 1425

~ Proposed by Claro M. Recto and Jose P. Laurel

~ An act to include in the curricula of all public and private school, colleges and universities
courses on the life,works and writings of Jose Rizal , particularly NOLI ME TANGERE and EL
FILIBUSTERISMO, authorizing the printing and distribution thereof and for other purposes.

2. SENATE BILL NO.438

~ An act to make NOLI ME TANGERE and EL FILIBUSTERISMO compulsory reading matter in all
public and private colleges and universities and for other purposes, was submitted to the senate
committee of education.

3. SENATOR JOSE P. LAUREL

~ The chairman of the committee, sponsored and presented the bill to the members of the upper
house on April 17, 1956.

4. SEN. CLARO M. RECTO

~Proposed the R.A 1425 or Rizal Law.
5. HOUSEBILL NO. 5561
~The bill was welcomed by dissenting opinions. It was a similar Bill that filed by Congressman
Jacobo Z. Gonzales in the house of representatives.
6. June 12, 1956
~Republic act 1425 came into effect.
~Independence Day.
7. Filipino Concept of Hero
~This lessen traces the concept of Hero in the filipino culture and history to assess whether it’s
traditional sense is confined only to the likes of Rizal, on one hand, or maybe applied to normal
people, like the millennials on the other hand.
8. Filipino Ethno-Linguistic Group
~Albeit Strip of Grandeur.Known as Bayani,Bagani,Magani or Wani.
~A hero in early Philippine societies was just a normal warrior of the community.
9. Personality of a Bayani
~ he or she exerts efforts together with his/her comrades in community.
~he/she renders help to those in need in the community without counting the cost.
10. William H. Taft
~Sa ilalim niya ay naganap ang pagpili kay Jose Rizal bilang bayaning Pambansa noong panahon
ng Amerikano sa pilipinas.
11. Pangangayaw
~Or Raiding into unallied territory is an example of this.
~According to William Henry Scott ,pangangayaw was done because of four reasons,namely:
*To secure resources,ranging from the occasional use goods or bounty to human slaaves,
*To avenge a personal affront or family honor,
*To fulfill mourning requirements to which the life of enemies must be sacrificed;and lastly
 *For personal prominence or mercenary reward.

12. Criteria for Recognizing Heroes

~The extent of a person’s sacrifice for the welfare of the country (Teodoro A. Agoncillo 1965)

~The motive and methods employed in the attainment of the ideal (welfare of the country)
(Teodoro A. Agoncillo 1965)

~The moral character of the person concerned (Teodoro A. Agoncillo 1965)

~The influence of the person concerned his/her age and or the succeeding age (Teodoro A.
Agoncillo 1965)

~Those who have a concept of nation and thereafter aspire and struggle for the nation’s
freedom (Onofre D. Corpuz 1993)

~Those who contribute to the quality of life and destiny of a nation (Onofre D. Corpuz 1993)

~A part of the people’s expression (Alfredo Lagmay 1995)

~Person who thinks of the future,especially the future generations (Alfredo Lamay 1995)

~The choice of a hero involves not only the recounting of an episode or events in history,but of
the entire process that made this particular person a hero (Alfredo Lagmay 1995)

13.OFW (Overseas Filipino Workers)

~This was a modern-day concept of indigenous bayani that exists today.
~ This was considered a Bagong Bayani.
~Their work abroad is said to be a continuation of the culture of pangangayaw.
14.Recommended National Heroes
~Jose Rizal
~Andres Bonifacio
~Emilio Aguinaldo
~Apolinario Mabini
~Sultan Dipatuan Kudarat
~Juan Luna
~Melchora Aquino
~Gabriela Silang
15. Noli and El Fili
~Noli Me Tangere(Touch me Not) is an 1887 novel by Filipino writer and activist Jose Rizal
published during the Spanish colonial period of the Philippines.
~Noli Me Tangere (1884) Raised the political consciousness in relation to the current state of
the Philippines.

~El Filibusterismo is also known by its alternative English title The Reign of Greed,is the second
novel written by Philippine national hero Jose Rizal.
~El Filibusterismo a sequel to Noli Me Tangere (1891).
~To draw attention calamitous state of affairs in the country.
16. Fidel V. Ramos
~ He created the National Heroes Committee.
~ He released a list of recommended National Heroes.
17. Major National Celebrations w/ Rizal
~ June 12 (Independence Day )
~ June 19 (Birth Anniversary)
~ Last week of August (National Heroes Week)
~ December 30 (Rizal Day)
18. La Liga Filipina
~ this was a secret organization.
~ it was founded by Jose Rizal in the house of Doroteo Ongjunco at Ilaya Street, Tondo
Manila on July 3, 1892.
~ This organization derived from La solarida and the Propaganda Movement.
19. Rizal Siblings/ Parents of Rizal
RIZAL SIBLINGS
~ Saturnina (1850-1913) – palayaw niya ay Neneng
~ Paciano (1851-1930) – katapatang loob ni rizal
~ Narcisa (1852-1939) – palayaw niya ay Sisa
~ Olympia (1855-1887) – Palayaw niya ay Ypia
~ Lucia (1857-1919) – got married on Mariano Herbosa
~ Maria (1859-1945) – Palayaw niya ay Biang
~ Jose (1861-1896) – palayaw niya ay Mo’y at Pepe
~ Concepcion (1862-1865) – Palayaw niya ay Concha
~ Josefa (1865-1945) – Palayaw niya ay Panggoy
~ Trinidad (1868-1951) – Palayaw niya ay Trining
~ Soledad (1870-1929)- Palayaw niya ay Choleng

FATHER OF RIZAL
~Don Francisco Mercado
~Born in Binan Laguna on May 11,1818
~Studied Latin and Philosphy at the College of San Jose in Manila
~Died on Manila on January 5,1898 at age of 80

MOTHER OF RIZAL
~Dona Teodora Alonzo Realonda
~Born in Manila on November 8,1826
~Educated at the College of Santa Rosa
~ Died in Manila on August 16,1911 at age of 85
20. Birth of Rizal
~Born on June 19,1861 at Calamba, Laguna
~Baptized by: Rev. Rufino Collantes
~Died on December 30,1896 at Bagumbayan
21.Memorias de un Estudiante Manila
~Talambuhay ni Rizal (Mga alaala ng Isang Mag aaral sa Maynila ), kung saan ay ginamit niya
ang ngalang P. Jacinto.
22.Ateneo Municipal/UST
*Ateneo Municipal (Now Ateneo De Manila)
~Kolehiyong nasa pamamahala ng mga Heswitang Kastila.
~Dati itong tinatawag na Escuela Pia (Paaralan ng kawanggawa)
~Itinatag noong 1817 sa pamahalaang lungsod.
~Ito ay nasa loob ng Intramuros,sentro ng administrasyon ng Kastila, Paaralang Sekundarya sa
Maynila sa mga lalaking may katalinuhan at maykaya sa buhay:
~Seminaryo ng San Jose
~Kolehiyo ng San Juan De Letran
~Ateneo Municipal ng mga Heswita.

*Unibersidad ng Santo Tomas (UST)

~Nagpatala si Rizal sa UST noong Abril ,1877
~Sa unang taon nag aral siya ng Pilosopiya bilang pagsunod sa kagustuhan ng ama.
~Lumipat siya ng kursong medisina nang sumapit ang taong-aralang 1878-1879. Ito ay upang
magamot niya ang nanlalabong paningin ng kanyang ina.
~Nag-aral siya ng pagiging agrimensor. Natapos niya ito sa edad na labingpito ngunit hindi
niya nakuha agad ang titulo dahil sa pagiging menor de edad.