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    Fundamentals of PLC Programm

    Uploaded by

    Electrifying Guy
    The document provides an overview of programmable logic controllers (PLCs) and PLC programming. It discusses what PLCs can do, including sequence control, timers/counters, arithmetic operations, and process monitoring. It also describes PLC components like the central processing unit, memory types, inputs, outputs and software. Basic PLC instructions are explained including load, AND, OR, timers/counters. Work bits or internal relays are described as bits that can indirectly manipulate the program. In summary, the document is a guide that introduces the basic concepts and components of PLCs and PLC programming.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Fundamentals of PLC Programm

    Uploaded by

    Electrifying Guy
    114 views70 pages
    The document provides an overview of programmable logic controllers (PLCs) and PLC programming. It discusses what PLCs can do, including sequence control, timers/counters, arithmetic operations, and process monitoring. It also describes PLC components like the central processing unit, memory types, inputs, outputs and software. Basic PLC instructions are explained including load, AND, OR, timers/counters. Work bits or internal relays are described as bits that can indirectly manipulate the program. In summary, the document is a guide that introduces the basic concepts and components of PLCs and PLC programming.

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    Fundamentals of Plc Programm

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    The document provides an overview of programmable logic controllers (PLCs) and PLC programming. It discusses what PLCs can do, including sequence control, timers/counters, arithmetic operations, and process monitoring. It also describes PLC components like the central processing unit, memory types, inputs, outputs and software. Basic PLC instructions are explained including load, AND, OR, timers/counters. Work bits or internal relays are described as bits that can indirectly manipulate the program. In summary, the document is a guide that introduces the basic concepts and components of PLCs and PLC programming.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    114 views70 pages

    Fundamentals of PLC Programm

    Uploaded by

    Electrifying Guy
    The document provides an overview of programmable logic controllers (PLCs) and PLC programming. It discusses what PLCs can do, including sequence control, timers/counters, arithmetic operations, and process monitoring. It also describes PLC components like the central processing unit, memory types, inputs, outputs and software. Basic PLC instructions are explained including load, AND, OR, timers/counters. Work bits or internal relays are described as bits that can indirectly manipulate the program. In summary, the document is a guide that introduces the basic concepts and components of PLCs and PLC programming.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 70

    FUNDAMENTALS OF PLC

    PROGRAMMING

    CPM1A
    Course Outline
    i – Overview of PLC
    ii – Basic Command
    a. LD/LD not
    b. And/And not
    c. Or/Or not
    d. And Load
    e. Or Load
    f. Timer/Counter
    WHAT A PROGRAMMABLE
    CONTROLLER CAN DO ?

    Sequence a. Conventional Relay Logic Replacer


    Control
    b. Timers / Counters

    c. PCB Card Controller Replacer

    d. Auto/ Semi-auto/Manual control


    of machine and processes
    WHAT A PROGRAMMABLE
    CONTROLLER CAN DO ?

    Sophisticated a. Arithmetic Operation


    Control b. Information Handling
    c. Analog Control
    d. PID
    e. Servo motor control
    f. Stepper motor control
    WHAT A PROGRAMMABLE
    CONTROLLER CAN DO ?

    Supervisory a. Process Monitoring and Alarm


    Control b. Fault Diagnostic and monitoring
    c. Interfacing w/ Computer
    d. Printer / ASCII Interfacing
    e. Factory Automation Networking
    f. Local Area Network
    g. Wide area Network, etc.
    ADVANTAGES OF USING P L C
    IN AUTOMATION

     Shorter project implementation time


     Shortest training required
     Easy modification of program
     Easy maintenance
     Higher reliability
    PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC
    CONTROLLER

    is an electronic devices with a programmable


    memory used for logic, sequencing, timing
    counting and arithmetic to control machine
    and its processes.
    PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC
    CONTROLLER

    Power Supply

    Signal Unit (CPU) Signal to


    From Input Output Solenoid,
    Switches, Motors,
    Sensors Interface Interface Etc.
    Etc. Memory

    Block Diagram of PLC


    Central Processing Unit

    is a microprocessor that coordinates the


    activities of the PLC system. It executes
    the program, processes I/O signals &
    communicates with external devices.
    Central Processing Unit

    CPM2A-_ _ CDR

    CPM1A-20EDR
    Inputs

    Limit Switch Timer Photoelectric


    Switch

    Rotary Encoder Proximity Switch


    Outputs
    Memory

    It is the area that hold the operating


    system and user memory
    Memory

    The operating system is actually a


    system software that coordinates the
    PLC.
    Memory

    Ladder program, timer and counter are


    stored in the user memory.
    Types of Memory

    1. ROM
    2. RAM
    3. EPROM
    4. EEPROM
    Read Only Memory (ROM)

    is a non-volatile memory that


    can be program only once
    Random Access Memory (RAM)

    volatile RAM would be normally lost if


    the power source is removed, but it is
    solved by backing up the RAM with a
    battery.
    Electrically Erasable Programmable
    Read Only Memory (EEPROM)

    Its content can be erased and reprogram


    electrically, however to a limited number
    of times.
    Omron PLC Software
    Types of Software

    1. SSS – Sysmac Support Software


    2. Syswin
    3. CX-Programmer
    4. CX-One
    SSS – Sysmac Support Software

    Processor 80386, 80486,Pentium


    Main Memory 535kbytes minimum
    Hard Disk 9Mbytes min. disk space
    Expansion Memory 1.2 Mbytes
    Keyboard Home,ESC,Control,Pg up
    Pg down,Backspace,End,
    F1-F10,Insert, Delete, Tab
    Syswin

     50 Mhz
     OS : Windows 3.1 or higher
     Resolution : SVGA X 600 or larger
     RAM : 8 Mbytes or more
     Hard Disk : 40 MB or more
    CX-Programmer

     32 Bit application
     OS : Windows 95, NT3.51, NT 4.0
     Resolution : SVGA X 600 or larger
     RAM : 16 Mbytes or more
     Hard Disk : 40 MB or more
    PC TYPES SELECTING POINTS
    CPM2A

    Max. number of I/O  120 I/O

    Program Capacity  4,096 words


    TERMINOLOGY

    1 Channel = 16 Bits
    1 Word = 16 Bits
    Internal Relay (IR)

    Do not have any specific function, they


    Can be freely used within the program

    Except those assigned to input, output,


    And special I/O cards.
    Temporary Relay (TR)

    These bits are used to temporary


    Store ON and OFF status.
    Holding Relay (HR)

    These bits retain their ON and OFF


    Status during power interruption.
    Data Memory (DM)

    Can be read in as WORD, retain status


    During power interruption
    Special Relay (SR)

    These bits serve specific function


    Such as flag and control bits.
    Common Special Relay (SR)

    253.13 Always ON flag


    253.15 First cycle flag
    255.00 0.1 sec clock pulse
    255.01 0.2 sec clock pulse
    255.02 1 sec clock pulse
    Programming Console Operation
    Function Key Mode Operation
    Run Monitor Program

    Input the CLR MONTR CLR


    Password

    Clear the CLR SET NOT RESET


    Memory MONTR CLR
    Inserting instruction

    Instruction INS
    Deleting Instruction

    Instruction Currently
    Display DEL
    Overview of Instruction
    Load / Load Not (LD/LD NOT)
    Electrical Control Circuit Diagram

    L1 Sw 1 L2
    Lamp 1

    Sw 2 Lamp 2
    Load / Load Not (LD/LD NOT)
    Control Ladder Diagram

    Address Command Data Enter


    L1 L2
    000.01
    10.01
    00000 LD 1 write
    00001 OUT 1001 write
    000.02 10.05 00002 LD NOT 2 write
    00003 OUT 1005 write
    00004 FUN 01 write
    End
    And / And Not
    Electrical Control Circuit Diagram

    Sw 1 Sw 2 Lamp 2

    Sw 3 Sw 4 Lamp 4
    And / And Not
    Control Ladder Diagram

    Address Command Data Enter


    000.01 000.02 10.02 00000 LD 1 write
    00001 AND 2 write
    00002 OUT 1002 write
    00003 LD 3 write
    00004 AND NOT 4 write
    00005 OUT 1004 write
    000.03 000.04 10.04 00006 FUN 01 write

    End
    OR / OR NOT
    Electrical Control Circuit Diagram

    Sw 1 Lamp 3

    Sw 2
    Lamp 5
    Sw 3
    Sw 4
    OR / OR NOT
    Control Ladder Diagram

    Address Command Data Enter

    00000 LD 1 write
    000.01 10.03 00001 OR 2 write
    00002 OUT 1003 write
    00003 LD 3 write
    000.02 00004 OR NOT 4 write
    00005 OUT 1005 write
    000.03 10.05 00006 FUN 01 write

    000.04

    End
    AND LD
    Control Ladder Diagram

    000.03 000.05 000.07

    10.06
    000.02 000.04

    End
    AND LD
    Control Ladder Diagram

    000.03 000.05 000.07 Address Command Data Enter


    00000 LD 3 write
    10.06 00001 OR 2 write
    000.02 000.04
    00002 LD 5 write
    00003 OR 4 write
    00004 AND LD write
    End 00005 AND 7 write
    00006 OUT 1006 write
    00007 FUN 01 write
    OR LD
    Control Ladder Diagram

    000.02 000.03 000.11

    10.05
    000.04 000.05

    End
    OR LD
    Control Ladder Diagram

    000.02 000.03 000.11 Address Command Data Enter


    00000 LD 2 write
    10.05 00001 AND 3 write
    000.04 000.05
    00002 LD 4 write
    00003 AND NOT 5 write
    00004 OR LD write
    End 00005 AND NOT 11 write
    00006 OUT 1005 write
    00007 FUN 01 write
    Practice 1
    Convert the ladder diagram below
    to the equivalent mnemonic code:
    01 02
    10.07
    03 04

    05 06

    07 08

    End
    Practice 1
    Convert the ladder diagram below
    to the equivalent mnemonic code:
    01 02
    10.07
    03 04

    05 06

    07 08

    End
    Practice 2
    Convert the ladder diagram below
    to the equivalent mnemonic code:
    TR 0 TR 1
    03 04 05
    10.00

    06
    10.02

    07 08
    10.04

    End
    Workbits / Internal Relay

    A certain bits to trigger other instruction


    Indirectly to manipulate the program.

    Often used with OUTPUT, OUTPUT NOT,


    DIFFERENTIAL UP (DIFU), DIFFERENTIAL
    DOWN (DIFD), and KEEP instruction.
    Work bits / Internal Relay

    A relay for the used of the program only,


    it is used when you don’t have to turn ON,
    or turn OFF external I/O devices.

    The relays of CH to which units are not


    mounted are also available for work bits.
    Work bits / Internal Relay

    The work bits is useful, example, when the


    same combination of I/O signal is repeatedly
    in the ladder diagram.
    Work bits / Internal Relay
    The ff. diagram gives an illustration in which a work bit
    Can be used to simplify the program:

    01 03 04 01 03
    10.00 200.00
    02 02

    01 03 05 200.00 04
    10.01 10.00
    02 200.00 05
    10.01
    01 03 06
    200.00 06
    10.02
    10.02
    02
    Differential UP – DIFU (13)

    Turns an output ON for one scan only

    Turns an output ON when it detects an


    OFF to ON transition in its input signal.
    Differential UP – DIFU (13)

    input
    DIFU(13)
    _____ Bits of
    IR, SR, AR, HR,LR
    Differential UP – DIFU (13)
    Self Holding Circuit

    Address Command Data Enter


    01
    DIFU(13)
    200.00 00000 LD 1 write
    00001 FUN 13
    200.00 200.01 DIFU 20000 write
    00002 LD 20000 write
    00003 OR 1003 write
    10.03 10.03 00004 AND NOT 200.01 write
    00005 OUT 1003 write
    00006 LD 2 write
    02
    DIFU(13) 00007 FUN 13
    200.01 DIFU 200.01 write
    00008 FUN 01 write
    End
    Differential Down – DIFD (14)

    input
    DIFD(14)
    _____ Bits of
    IR, SR, AR, HR,LR
    Differential down – DIFD (14)
    KEEP (11) Latching relay

    Address Command Data Enter


    02
    DIFD(14)
    200.01 00000 LD 2 write
    00001 FUN 14
    200.01 DIFD 20001 write
    set 00002 LD 20001 write
    KEEP(11) 00003 LD 04 write
    04
    reset 10.04 00004 FUN 11
    KEEP 1004 write
    00005 FUN 01 write
    End
    TIMER

    Address :

    Input TIM 000


    TIM _ _ _ TIM 001
    #_ _ _ _

    TIM 127

    Max of 999.9 sec.


    TIMER
    Address Command Data Enter
    000.01 00000 LD 1 write
    TIM 000 00001 TIM 0 write
    #0050
    #0050 write
    TIM 000 Tim 001 00002 LD TIM 0 write
    00003 OR 1000 write
    010.00 write
    010.00 00004 AND NOT TIM 1
    00005 OUT 1000 write
    010.00
    00006 LD 1000 write
    TIM 001 00007 TIM 1 write
    #0050
    #0050 write
    End
    00008 write
    FUN 01
    COUNTER

    Address :

    Set CNT 000


    CNT _ _ _ CNT 001
    Reset
    #_ _ _ _

    CNT 127

    Max of 9999 counts


    COUNTER
    Address Command Data Enter

    000.01 S
    00000 LD 1 write
    00001 LD 2 write
    CNT 127
    000.02 R # 0005 00002 CNT 127 write
    #0005 write
    CNT 127 00003 LD CNT 127 write
    00004 OUT 1006 write
    00005 OUT 1007 write
    010.06
    00006 FUN 01 write

    End 010.07
    EXERCISE

    1. After 1 sec. a push button(000.01) is pushed,


    let CH 10 bits 00, 01, and 02 lit consecutively
    with one second interval.
    2. Then, will turn OFF all output 1 second after
    the last LED is ON
    3. The sequence will repeat only for 10 times
    then, the circuit will be totally OFF after the
    last LED is ON.
    4.The circuit will start again when PB1 is press.
    INTERLOCK (02) /
    INTERLOCK CLEAR (03)

    IL and ILC instruction unify the several contact


    points and enable the program to be simple.
    IL is always used in conjunction with ILC to
    create interlocks.
    INTERLOCK (02) /
    INTERLOCK CLEAR (03)

    10.00 01
    01 02 IL (02)
    02 10.00
    01 03 10.01

    03 10.01
    10.02
    01 04
    10.02
    04
    End

    ILC (03)
    End
    APPLICATION OF BASIC COMMAND
    When a start button is pushed, the motor (M) will move from
    Left to right. When LS2 is ON, the motor stops, delay for 5 s
    And then moves back to home. When LS1 is ON, the motor
    Cuts off signifying the sequence is completed.

    LS1 LS2
    Start

    HOME
    PRACTICE – ESCALATOR CONTROL
    This escalator is s stationary until someone approaches.
    when someone passes by the sensor, the motor starts to
    operate, and stop one minute after the last person passed by.

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