Name: Kier T.

Villegas
Course: BSED
Date: September 11 2022

The Teacher and the Community, School Culture and Organizational Leadership

Activity – Let’s Apply

1. The modern explosion of knowledge has led to an age specialization with this concomitant quip:

A specialist knows more and more about less and less.

An expert knows more and more about less and less until he or she knows everything
about nothing.
A related joke cleverly twists this saying:

A generalist knows less and less about more and more

Until he or she knows nothing about everything.
Should schools produce generalists or specialists? Defend your answer.

Answer:
Our school should produce this two as I believe that schools and any other learning
institutions produce experts and specialist simply because it is their mandate, it is in their mission
and vision, and it’s their goal. Schools are made to teach children about life whilst universities are
built to produce professionals.

2. Spencer is convinced that he who is most fit survives and so encouraged individual competition.
Read this article about Singaporean education today and find out with whom you agree
-Spencer’s individual competition or Singaporean educational system where competition is not
encouraged.

Answer:
I don’t agree in both of them. It is very concerning that Spencer said that the most fit
survives in class and that it is to be seen as a competition while I also disagree to the Singaporean
educational system because of seeing all students as equal and not filtering out those students
that needs extra help to learn. Although learning is not a competition, it is very vital to determine
those students that did not do well in school as well as it is vital for those over achiever to be
acknowledge, by having data of these students, teachers can now access and help those who
really needs help.

Learning is not a competition: No more 1st, 2nd or last in class for primary and secondary
students
SINGAPORE- Whether a child finishes first or last will no longer be indicated in primary and
secondary school report books from next year - a move which Education Minister Ong Ye Kung hopes
will show students that "learning is not a competition". Report books will not just stop showing a
student's position in relation to class or cohort. The information to be dropped includes:
 Class and level mean
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  Minimum and maximum marks
 Underlining and/or colouring of failing marks
 Pass/fail for end-of-year result
 Mean subject grades
 Overall total marks
 L1R5 (English plus five relevant subjects), L1R4, EMB3 (English, maths, best three subjects)
and EMB1 for lower secondary levels
The Ministry of Education (MOE) said on Friday (Sept 28) that the change is to allow
each student to focus on his or her learning progress and discourage them from being overly concerned
about comparisons.
From next year all examinations for Primary 1 and 2 pupils will also be removed, and
whatever forms of assessment they have will not count towards an overall grade. #

Amelia Teng
Education Correspondent
FacebookTwitterEmail
Sep 28, 2018, 2:00 pm SGT

3. The following is an excerpt of the keynote Address of Senator Shahani before the National Academy
of Science and Technology at its 15th Annual Scientific Meeting, 7 July 1993, Manila.
Read it. Underline those parts that emphasize development in moral and ethical values as most
necessary to effect change. Do you agree with her thoughts in these underlined sentences?
Answer:
Yes, I agree with her thoughts in the development in moral and ethical values as most necessary
to effect change.

Keynote Address of Senator Shahani before the National Academy of Science and Technology at its
15th Annual Scientific Meeting, 7 July 1993, Manila.
In essence, the Moral Recovery Program is a movement which aims to mobilize Filipinos for nation-
building through practical exercise of human values in our daily lives as citizens, and to awaken us to
the power of these values in achieving our individual and national goals. Those values are free of
charge; we do not have to borrow, nor to beg regularly and constantly from the outside world to
obtain them; we only have to look inward, internalize these values for our own self transformation,
and then externalize them for our individual lives and for building our nation. To use current
terminology, the Moral Recovery Program seeks to empower people the poor, the middle-class and the
rich trough the sustained application of human values and virtues to overcome our problems and build
our country in accordance witl1 our collective vision. We can also see the Program as an attempt to
complete the complex picture of nationalism. If nation-building has its political, economic and
cultural dimensions, it also has its moral and ethical imperative. This imperative is a most
compelling dimension of nation-building. It goes beyond mere legislation of anti-graft measures or
Congressional investigations of wrongdoing in the Government. We need to go back to the basics and

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ask the fundamental questions: what is our vision of ourselves and of Filipino society? How do we
achieve that vision despite overwhelming odds? what key values are needed to attain our goals? I
submit that this vision and the strategies and political will needed to realize it should constitute the
main framework to build tllis nation. Nothing less will do. This combination of vision and action is the
key to our national sunrival, rebirth and renewal. In this context, the Moral Recovery Program
becomes a major ingredient of an alternative strategy for national development. –
Ethics and Politics
The close interrelationship between ethics and politics is obvious in our many problems our large
foreign debt; the state of permanent disrepair of our roads and public toilets; graft and corruption in
Government; the perennial squabbling and intramurals between Government bodies; and bureaucratic
inefficiency. Chronic problems in such vital areas as agriculture and industry, rural development and
land reform could be overcome if some of the values such as love of country, discipline, honesty,
accountability and teamwork were practiced on a daily basis in Government offices and political
circles, as well as by the people themselves.
Vision
The over-all vision I have for our country has the following essential elements: reverence for all forms
of life and the primacy of human values; a priority given to cultivation of the spiritual and cultural life
of the nation; the democratization of power, resources and wealth; the right 60 combination of a free
market economy and Government intervention in appropriate areas at appropriate stages to provide for
the basic needs of its citizens; a Government which works for the good of the people, the development of
our agricultural resources and an environmentally conscious industrialization plan; a well-implemented
agrarian reform program; respect for human rights, including the rights of women; and an independent
foreign policy within the framework of global cooperation. In other words, we should have a vision
which represents strong combination of human dignity, sustainable development and appropriate
economic growth; national interest; and global orientation. A tall order indeed, but a vision must
inspire over the long-term, shed light in the midst of darkness and make possible the seemingly
impossible.

Individual and National Transformation

At this point, we come to the question: what is to be transformed or changed the structures of society or
the individual? In my view, both should be transformed, each dynamically affecting the other, but the
starting point always the individual, or a group of individuals within institutions. The empowerment of
the poor must come from the poor themselves; the poor must help themselves; others can only help them
to help themselves. There is a welcome opportunity in this country to help empower poor, and such
empowerment is vital to the creation of more just social and economic structures.
Human Values: Powerful Building Blocks
It is obvious from what I have said that human values are powerful building blocks in the development
of a nation. Yet the non-economic and non-budgetary dimensions of progress and growth, i.e., the moral
and c;cultural elements, have been conveniently overlooked or disregarded by the learned technocrats
and theoreticians of development perhaps to make way for smootJ1, non-controversial discussions of
the development process. The technocratic and neutral language of development, which has evolved
from the agenda of international institutions, has eclipsed tlle moral choices which have to be made in
the development process. Terms like equity, social justice, distributive justice when repeated over and
over again without any explanation of the painful ethical choices which have to be made by individuals
and governments in order to achieve them cannot touch the hearts and minds of the popular, the rich,
the middle-class and the poor, on whom the burden of transformation rests. Development is, after all, a
grassroots-oriented process and a challenge in mass mobilization, for the people and not for political
expediency.

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4. "If you cannot bring the learners to the world, bring the world to the classroom." Will this go with John
Dewey's philosophy of education: Explain your answer?
Answer:
Yes, as Dewey strongly supported experiential learning. Though the classroom or school may be
following a curriculum and is limited to the world, bringing the some life essence or part of the world to
it is a very effective way of learning. This is where experience comes in, while the child is learning in
school he/she also gains experience both outside and inside of the the school hence the world. As though
the child’s experience can be brought to school to be of use or it can be the other way around.

5. Considering DepEd mission statement "to protect and promote the right of every Filipino to quality,
equitable, culture-based, and complete basic education" can we say that Philippine educational system is
in a sense equitable? What actions and what recent legislations are proofs that the Philippines gives equal
access to quality education to its citizens?
Answer:
I have to say yes because not only the DepEd but also the Philippine Government are taking
comprehensive measures to encourage students to keep the learning spirit alive. Although the DepEd and
the Philippine Government is always making improvements and staying true to its mission, there are also
isolated areas or geographically challenging areas that could not enjoy this equity but I’am sure that
they(Philippine Government) have a plan for this. Some actions I notice in empowering education and
equity is the TESDA program, Scholarship programs, DSWD Assistance, 4Ps, educational TV programs
and etc..

6. Is free tertiary education really pro-poor in the sense that it is the poor who are indeed benefited?
Justify your answer.
Answer:
Yes. Although there are some cases that high class family often takes advantage of this, free tertiary
education is really pro-poor considering the high number of beneficiaries in this program, plus most high
class families go to prestigious schools for the education of their children meaning the free tertiary
education would have a small number of high class families to cater. In percentage, I think it would be
95% poor and 5% rich.

7. Freire opposed the banking method of education and favored critical pedagogy. Why? The banking
method is characterized as a vertical relationship while critical pedagogy is characterized by a horizontal
type of relationship. Be guided by the Figure below.

teacher

student
teacher student

Answer:
Even though Freire explored the banking method, he very much went to the critical pedagogy method,
simply because he sees that it is very much effective and humane. As I observe the the figure, I see the
banking method as a method that teachers feed the students knowledge, although they are connected but
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it seems like there is no equality in nature because of the teacher being above the student. However in
the critical pedagogy method, they are both aligned seemingly indicating equality and with the arrow
indicating passing of knowledge and information unto the student