NCM113 CHN Written Report 1

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DISTRIBUTION
Written Report: NCM 113
Community Health Nursing
2
1st Semester A.Y. 2022 – 2023
MARIA CECILIA CAMACHO

JASPER CAÑITA
ALEXZANDRA J. CRISOSTOMO
BSN III – A
Submitted to:
ART Z. TRIBUNAL, RN, LPT

Clinical Instructor
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Table of Contents
CHAPTER 1
Introduction of Distribution 2
a) Estimated Population 2
b) Population by Gender 2
c) Life Expectancy 3
d) Population Distribution 3
 Rural areas 3
 Urban areas 4
e) Population by Age Group 4
CHAPTER 2
Pattern of Occurrence and Distribution of Disease 6
a) Time 6
b) Place 7
c) Classes of people affected 7
Leading Causes of Mortality 8
Common Health Problems of Age Group 8
CHAPTER 3
Exhibit Output 12
 Pamphlet 12
REFERENCES 13
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Chapter 1
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Introduction of Distribution
Distribution refers to the analysis by time, places, and classes of people affected. One of the
major results of a population census is the insight it provides into the patterns of population
settlement across the country. Data on distribution of population among the administrative areas
are useful for several purposes. They generally form the basis for determining the electoral
constituencies. They are useful in connection with social economic and administrative planning and
provide basic data for making population projections.
Distribution and determinants are terms used to describe descriptive and analytical
epidemiology, respectively, in the definition of epidemiology. As a result, "distribution" refers to
place, time, and person, whereas "determinants" refers to causes, risk factors, and transmission
modalities (why and how). Because it enables healthcare professionals to manage health issues and
offer preventive measures, it is crucial to investigate the distribution and determinants of health-
related states or occurrences in certain populations.
A. Estimated Population
Population estimates can describe the total population size as well as demographic
characteristics such as age, sex, or education level. The three demographic factors of change
—mortality, fertility, and migration—have an impact on population estimates. In the
Philippines, there are currently 115,559,009 people, increasing 1.47% from 2021. Future
population growth in the Philippines is anticipated to moderate, although it should still be
significant. By 2050, the present growth rate of 1.52% is anticipated to be cut in half. By
2020, 110 million people will live there, and by 2030, 125 million.
B. Population by Gender
The ratio between the number of males and females in a society is referred to as the
gender ratio. This ratio is not stable but instead shaped by biological, social, technological,
cultural, and economic forces. And in turn the gender ratio itself has an impact on society,
demography, and the economy. The Philippines's current total population was 115.5 million
in the year of 2022. Data show that the Philippines's population increased by 1.5 million
(+1.3 percent) between 2021 and 2022. 49.8 percent of the Philippines's population is
female, while 50.2 percent of the population is male.

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Gender
FEMALE MALE
Figure 1. Philippines’ Male and Female Population from the Year 2022
C. Life Expectancy
The phrase "life expectancy" relates to how many years one can anticipate living. By
definition, life expectancy is based on an estimation of the typical age at death for members
of a certain population group. The Department of Health (DOH) estimates that from 2020 to
2025, women in the Philippines can expect to live for an average of 75.52 years after giving
birth, compared to men who can expect to live for an average of 70.01 years.
D. Population Distribution
Population distribution is a measurement of population per unit land area and used
to describe how people are spread across a specific area.
POPULATION AREAS
URBAN RURAL
48%
52%
Figure 2. Philippines’ Population live in Rural and Urban Areas from the Year 2022
 Rural areas
As of 2022, the rural population or those who lived in areas classified as
rural was accounted for 52.0 percent of the total population.

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 Urban areas
At the start of 2022, 48.0 percent of the Philippines’s population lived
in urban centers.
E. Population by Age Group
Age distribution, also called Age Composition, in population studies, the
proportionate numbers of persons in successive age categories in a given population. Age
distributions differ among countries mainly because of differences in the levels and trends
of fertility. In demography, it is usual to divide the population into three age
groups: children and young adolescents (under 15 years old); adults (15-64 years old); and
the elderly (above 65 years old).
AGE GROUP
Age 65 and
above
Age 55-64
Age 45-54
Age 35-44
Age 25-34
Age 18-24
Age 13-17
Age 5 -12
Age 0 -4
Median age
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
AGE GROUP
Figure 3. Philippines’ Population by Age from the Year 2022

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Chapter 2
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Pattern of Occurrence and Distribution of Disease
The central goals of epidemiology are describing the disease patterns, identifying the
etiological factors in disease development, and taking the most effective preventive measures. In
describing disease patterns and occurrence, two important concepts must be understood: risk and
rate.
Risk refers to the probability or chance of an adverse event. Risk factor refers to specific
exposure factors; such as high cholesterol, lack of physical activity, cigarette smoke, hypertension,
and excessive stress, which are known risk factors for noncommunicable diseases. Risk factors may
also be intrinsic factors or fixed characteristics of people; such as: age, sex, genetic make-up.
Although these intrinsic risk factors are nonmodifiable, they may still be influenced by some
lifestyle or environment changes, such as hormonal supplements and weight-bearing exercises.
Epidemiologists describe disease patterns in aggregates and measure the effects of risk factors on
disease rates.
Rate is a population proportion in which the numerator is the number of events occurring in a
specified period and the denominator consists of those in the population at the specified time
period. Rates allow meaningful comparison of magnitude of health problems or diseases across
countries, groups, or time periods. Comparing disease rates for those exposed with those who are
not exposed also help identify specific risk factors.
It is also preferable for a number of reasons to gather and analyze data according to time, place,
and person. First, the epidemiologist gets quite familiar with the data by carefully examining it.
Based on the variables at hand and its constraints, he or she can see what the data can or cannot
show. Additionally, they can discover the size and trends of the public health issue under
investigation, as well as which months, communities, and demographics are most and least affected.
Tables, graphs, and maps help the epidemiologist generate a thorough explanation of the health of a
population that is simple to understand. Lastly, can pinpoint regions or subgroups of the population
where disease rates are very high.
A. Time
The occurrence of disease changes over time. Some of these changes occur regularly,
while others are unpredictable. If investigators know the diseases that appears in different
time, they can conduct studies to identify the causes and modes of spread, and then develop
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appropriately targeted actions to control or prevent further occurrence of the disease.
There are different graphs to record the time data and these are:
 Secular (long-term) trends. Graphing the annual cases or rate of a disease over a
period of years shows long-term or secular trends in the occurrence of the disease.
 Seasonality. Disease occurrence can be graphed by week or month over the course
of a year or more to show its seasonal pattern, if any.
 Day of week and time of day. For some conditions, displaying data by day of the
week or time of day may be informative.
 Epidemic period. To show the time course of a disease outbreak or epidemic,
epidemiologists use a graph called an epidemic curve.
B. Place
Describing the occurrence of disease by place provides insight into the geographic
extent of the problem and its geographic variation. Characterization by place encompasses
any geographic area pertinent to the occurrence of the disease in addition to the person's
usual domicile. These locations include the site of the diagnosis or report, the place of birth,
the place of employment, the school district, the hospital unit, or the most recent places
visited. The unit may be a street address, a hospital wing, or an operating room, or it could
be as small as a continent or a nation. Place can also refer to a place category, such as urban
or rural, domestic or foreign, institutional or non-institutional, rather than a specific
location.
C. Classes of people affected
Age and sex are included in almost all data sets and are the two most commonly
analyzed “person” characteristics. When analyzing data by age, epidemiologists try to use
age groups that are narrow enough to detect any age-related patterns that may be present
in the data. Age is probably the single most important “person” attribute, because almost
every health-related event varies with age. A number of factors that also vary with age
include: susceptibility, opportunity for exposure, latency or incubation period of the
disease, and physiologic response (which affects, among other things, disease
development).
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When analyzing data by age, epidemiologists try to use age groups that are narrow
enough to detect any age-related patterns that may be present in the data. For some
diseases, particularly chronic diseases, 10-year age groups may be adequate. For other
diseases, 10-year and even 5-year age groups conceal important variations in disease
occurrence by age.
Leading Causes of Mortality
In 2020, the leading cause of death in the Philippines was ischemic heart disease in
approximately 105.28 thousand people. The other leading causes of death among Filipino were
cerebrovascular diseases, diabetes, and pneumonia.
MORTALITY: TEN (10) LEADING CAUSES
NUMBER AND RATE/100,000 POPULATION
Philippines
5-Year Average (2005-2009) & 2010
5-Year Average
2010*
CAUSES (2005-2009)
Number Rate Number Rate
1. Diseases of the Heart 88,299 99.4 102,936 109.5
2. Diseases of the Vascular System 58,761 66.2 68,553 72.9
3. Malignant Neoplasms 44,627 50.3 49,820 53.0
4. Pneumonia 37,865 42.6 45,591 48.5
5. Accidents** 35,005 39.5 36,329 38.6
6. Tuberculosis, all forms 25,296 28.6 24,714 26.3
7. Chronic lower respiratory diseases 21,586 24.4 22,877 24.3
8. Diabetes Mellitus 20,964 23.6 21,512 22.9
9.Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome and nephrosis 12,321 13.9 14,048 14.9
10. Certain conditions originating in the perinatal

12,257 13.8 12,086 12.9
period
Note: Excludes ill-defined and unknown causes of mortality

* reference year
** External causes of Mortality
Common Health Problems of Age Group
These are the leading cause of mortality and common health problems of age group 1 to 14
years old in the Philippines:

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1-4 YEARS
CAUSES
MALE FEMALE BOTH SEXES Rate
1. Pneumonia 1,073 978 2,051 223.3
2. Diarrheas and gastroenteritis of

482 334 816 9.3
presumed infectious origin
3. Congenital anomalies 409 388 797 9.1
4. Septicemia 251 231 482 5.5
5. Other diseases of the nervous

246 212 458 5.2
system
6. Accidental drowning and

296 159 455 5.2
submersion
7. Dengue Fever and Dengue-

195 223 418 4.7
hemorrhagic fever
8. Chronic lower respiratory

213 202 415 4.7
diseases
9. Meningitis 179 154 333 3.8
10. Leukemia 148 91 239 2.7
5-9 YEARS
CAUSES
1. Pneumonia 233 195 428 4.4

212 140 352 3.6
submersion
3. Other diseases of nervous

150 116 266 2.7
system
4. Transport accidents 172 77 249 2.5

111 102 213 2.2
hemorrhagic fever
7. Chronic rheumatic heart disease 86 106 192 2.0
8. Leukemia 94 82 176 1.8
9. Septicemia 92 78 170 1.7
10. Nephritis nephrotic syndrome 95 67 162 1.7

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10-14 YEARS
CAUSES
1. Pneumonia 334 282 616 5.9

211 328 5.2 9.3
hemorrhagic fever

409 388 797 9.1
submersion
4. Other diseases of nervous

177 155 332 3.2
system
5. Transport accidents 198 107 305 2.9
7. Leukemia 137 111 248 2.4
8. Meningitis 123 80 203 2.0
9. Septicemia 90 80 170 1.6
10. Diarrheas and gastroenteritis of

87 77 164 1.6
presumed origin
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Chapter 3
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EXHIBIT OUTPUT
PAMPHLET
A pamphlet is a small print product that includes detailed information on a single subject or
a specific event. The group choose to make a pamphlet design for the exhibit presentation on the
upcoming Friday since pamphlets are easy to make and distribute. It includes a lot of information
about the topic that was given. It takes a short time to read a pamphlet and it acts as a reminder of
important points. It aims to change knowledge and attitude, or to teach a behavioral skill.
The pamphlet contents include the topic distribution, along with the estimated population,
population by gender, the life expectancy of both male and female, population distribution in rural
and urban areas and lastly, the population by age group. In addition, information about the pattern
of occurrence and distribution of disease is also included as well as the time, place, and classes of
people that are affect. It also shows the leading cause of mortality and the common health problems
of age group in the Philippines.

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REFERENCES:
Data Reportal (2022). Digital 2022: The Philippines. Retrieved online last 12th of October at 5:35 pm
from https://datareportal.com/reports/digital-2022-philippines#:~:text=The
%20Philippines's%20total%20population%20was,of%20the%20population%20is
%20male
Department of Health (2010). Leading Causes of Child Mortality. Retrieved online last October 12th
at 5:00 pm from https://doh.gov.ph/Statistics/Leading-Causes-of-Child-Mortality
World Population Review (2022). Philippines Population 2022. Retrieved last October 11th at 3:23
pm from https://worldpopulationreview.com/countries/philippines-population
Epidemiology (2020). Patterns of Occurrence and Distribution of Disease. Retrieved last October 11th
at 8:00 pm from Community Health Nursing 2nd Philippine Edition Pg. 159, Ch. 17.

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MABINI COLLEGES, INCORPORATED MISSION

“MABINI COLLEGES provides quality

MARIA CECILIA CAMACHO

ART Z. TRIBUNAL, RN, LPT

e) Population by Age Group 4

Pattern of Occurrence and Distribution of Disease 6

c) Classes of people affected 7

Leading Causes of Mortality 8

Common Health Problems of Age Group 8

provide basic data for making population projections.

epidemiology, respectively, in the definition of epidemiology. As a result, "distribution" refers to

related states or occurrences in certain populations.

Population estimates can describe the total population size as well as demographic

—mortality, fertility, and migration—have an impact on population estimates. In the

population growth in the Philippines is anticipated to moderate, although it should still be

female, while 50.2 percent of the population is male.

to describe how people are spread across a specific area.

As of 2022, the rural population or those who lived in areas classified as

rural was accounted for 52.0 percent of the total population.

At the start of 2022, 48.0 percent of the Philippines’s population lived

E. Population by Age Group

Age distribution, also called Age Composition, in population studies, the

proportionate numbers of persons in successive age categories in a given population. Age

of fertility. In demography, it is usual to divide the population into three age

the elderly (above 65 years old).

Figure 3. Philippines’ Population by Age from the Year 2022

Pattern of Occurrence and Distribution of Disease

lifestyle or environment changes, such as hormonal supplements and weight-bearing exercises.

not exposed also help identify specific risk factors.

where disease rates are very high.

appropriately targeted actions to control or prevent further occurrence of the disease.

 Secular (long-term) trends. Graphing the annual cases or rate of a disease over a

 Seasonality. Disease occurrence can be graphed by week or month over the course

of a year or more to show its seasonal pattern, if any.

week or time of day may be informative.

 Epidemic period. To show the time course of a disease outbreak or epidemic,

epidemiologists use a graph called an epidemic curve.

or rural, domestic or foreign, institutional or non-institutional, rather than a specific

C. Classes of people affected

include: susceptibility, opportunity for exposure, latency or incubation period of the

Leading Causes of Mortality

cerebrovascular diseases, diabetes, and pneumonia.

MORTALITY: TEN (10) LEADING CAUSES

NUMBER AND RATE/100,000 POPULATION

5-Year Average (2005-2009) & 2010

Number Rate Number Rate

1. Diseases of the Heart 88,299 99.4 102,936 109.5

2. Diseases of the Vascular System 58,761 66.2 68,553 72.9

3. Malignant Neoplasms 44,627 50.3 49,820 53.0

4. Pneumonia 37,865 42.6 45,591 48.5

5. Accidents** 35,005 39.5 36,329 38.6

6. Tuberculosis, all forms 25,296 28.6 24,714 26.3

7. Chronic lower respiratory diseases 21,586 24.4 22,877 24.3

8. Diabetes Mellitus 20,964 23.6 21,512 22.9

9.Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome and nephrosis 12,321 13.9 14,048 14.9

10. Certain conditions originating in the perinatal

Note: Excludes ill-defined and unknown causes of mortality

Common Health Problems of Age Group