CPAR Exam Notes
CPAR Exam Notes
Functions of Art
Personal or Individual Function - Artists have their personal reasons for indulging in
art.
Social Function - Man is a social being and as such he associates with his fellow beings.
Economic Function - Many people believe that it does not pay to be an artist. However,
the belief is negated by the facts that many people earn their living in arts.
Political Function - When Imelda Romualdez Marcos, a patroness of the arts became
the Governor of Metro Manila, she promoted her political programs by means of the
arts.
Historical Function - Paintings, sculptures, architectural works, and other art forms
serve to record historical figures and events.
Cultural Function - Buildings, furniture (chairs, table, etc.), clothes, and the like form
part of the country’s material culture.
Religious Function - Almost all, if not all, art forms evolved from religion. People in
olden times worshipped their Gods in the form of songs and dances.
Physical Function - Houses and other buildings are constructed to protect their
occupants and all others inside them.
Aesthetic Function - Artworks serve to beautify.
CONTEMPORARY ARTS
WHAT IS CONTEMPORARY ART?
Contemporary art is the art of today, produced in the second half of the 20th century
or in the 21st century.
Contemporary artists work in a globally influenced, culturally diverse, and
technologically advancing the world. Contemporary art as a whole is distinguished by
the very lack of a uniform, organizing principle, ideology, or "-ism".
Contemporary art is part of a cultural dialogue that concerns larger contextual
frameworks such as personal and cultural identity, family, community and nationality.
CONTEMPORARY ARTS IN THE PHILIPPINES
Conceptual - focus is on the idea, which can be either abstract or social;
Social – current social & political topics are dealt with, often from critical perspective.
Expressive – both content & form is meaningful & communicative.
Popular culture - issues and aspects of popular culture are dealt with, either by
conceptualizing or criticizing.
Poetic - content or form is poetic in nature.
Biographical - means of expression can be social, poetical or expressive;
Documentary - approach is documentary or holds elements of research
Sense related - total art work, installations which are often interactive and affect
different senses.
1. VISUAL ARTS- these are the art forms that perceived by the eyes. It uses any medium to
represent the artist’s skills, ideas, emotion and imagination. Its function is to aesthetically
and intellectually stimulate the viewer
2. APPLIED ARTS- are those in which artistic design is applied to utilitarian objects of everyday
use
3. PERFORMING ARTS- types of art (such as music, dance, or drama) that are performed for an
audience
Ang Panday
Isusumbong
kita sa tatay
ko…
Pakners
ELEMENTS OF ART and DESIGN
Line - refers to a prolongation of a point, or a mark on a surface.
Shape - a closed space made when a line connects to itself.
Space - the distance or area around or between elements of an artwork. The illusion of
depth created on a flat surface through the use of perspective, overlapping elements,
size, level of detail, color and value. It can be described as two-dimensional (2D) or
three dimensional (3D).
Form - refers to a shape that is or appears to be three dimensional, having weight,
width and depth. - could also be categorized as geometric or organic in nature.
Texture - the feel or appearance of a surface.
Value - the lightness or darkness of an area
Color - the visible spectrum of reflected light. It has the 3 attributes such as hue (it’s
unique color name), value (lightness or darkness), and intensity or saturation
(purity and strength).
PRINCIPLES of ART
Balance - refers to the visual weight of the elements. the painting feels stable and
"feels right." Imbalance causes a feeling of discomfort.
Contrast - is the difference between elements of art in a composition, such that each
element is made stronger in relation to the other. contrasting elements command
the viewer's attention. Areas of contrast are among the first places that a viewer's
eye is drawn.
Emphasis - is when the artist creates an area of the composition that is visually
dominant and commands the viewer's attention.
Movement - is the result of using the elements of art such that they move the viewer's
eye around and within the image.
Pattern - is the uniform repetition of any of the elements of art or any combination
thereof. Anything can be turned into a pattern through repetition.
Unity/Variety - You want your painting to feel unified such that all the elements fit
together comfortably.
TRADITIONAL ARTS
1. Ethnomedicine
It is one of the oldest traditional arts in the Philippines.
These arts possess traditions (and objects associated with it) performed by medical
artisans and shamans, ranging from the babaylan, the manghihilot, and the albularyo.
The practices, grounded on the principles of the physical elements, is both an ancient
science and art known to the natives.
Herbal remedies, complemented with mental, emotional, and spiritual techniques, are
inherently part of many of the traditions as well.
2. Folk architecture
in the Philippines differ significantly per ethnic group,
structures can be made of bamboo, wood, rock, coral, rattan, grass, and other
materials.
❖ Bale - Rice granaries, Ifugao
❖ Daru jambangan – palace of flowers
- The royal residence of the ruler of Tausug in Sulu
❖ Kawayan Torogan – national cultural treasure in Lanao
❖ Dakay house – oldest surviving coral house in Batanes
❖ Bahay na Bato – world heritage site and part of national treasure (Vigan)
❖ Bahay na bato in Intramuros
3. Maritime transport
in the Philippines includes: boat houses, boat-making, and maritime traditions.
traditionally made of wood chosen by elders and crafts folks, were used as the main
vehicles of the people, connecting one island to another, where the seas and rivers
became the people's roads.
❖ Balangay – Agusan Del Norte
❖ Modernized Falua – Batanes
❖ Paraw – Palawan
4. Weaving
It is an ancient art form that continue in the Philippines today, with each ethnic group
having their distinct weaving techniques
Cloth and Mat weaving
Expensive textiles are made through the intricate and difficult process called back-
strap looming.
Fibers such as cotton, abaca, banana fiber, grass, and palm fiber are used in the Filipino
dresses and weaving arts.
❖ Binakol – itneg tribe, Northern Luzon
❖ T’nalak - T’boli, Mindanao
❖ Double ika mat – Sulu
5. Basketry
fine art of basket weaving has developed intricate designs and forms directed for
specific purposes such as harvesting, rice storage, travel package and so on.
❖ Pasiking – Mountain province
❖ Baskets by Iraya Mangyan – Mindoro
❖ Rice baskets – central Luzon
2. Music
epic poetry - Darangen and Hudhud ni Aliguyon
singing of folk music traditions through various means such as the Harana.
Manila sound - which brought hopeful themes amidst the decaying status of the
country during the martial law years,
Pinoy reggae - which focuses on dancehall music faithful to the expressions of
Jamaican reggae
Pinoy rock - which encompasses rock music with Filipino cultural sensibilities,
Pinoy pop - which is one of the most popular genre in the country
Tagonggo - which is music traditionally played by finely-dressed male musicians
Kapanirong - which is a serenade genre
Kulintang - which is a genre of an entire ensemble of musicians utilizing a diverse
array of traditional musical instruments
Kundiman - which is a traditional genre of Filipino love music,
Bisrock - which is a genre of Sebwano rock music
Pinoy hip hop - which is genre of hip hop adopted from American hip hop music.
3. Painting
Petroglyphs and petrographs are the earliest known folk drawings and paintings in the
country, with the oldest made during the Neolithic age.
4. Sculpture
Non-folk sculpture in the Philippines is a major art form, with many artists and
students focusing on the subject.
Notable non-folk sculptures include;
Oblation – which reflects selfless dedication and service to the natiom
Rizal Monument - depicting Filipino martyr and scholar José Rizal
Tandang Sora National Shrine - depicting the revolutionary mother of
the Katipunan Melchora Aquino
Mactan Shrine - which depicts the classical-era hero Lapulapu who vanquished the
colonizers during his lifetime
People Power Monument - which celebrates the power and activism of the people over
its government
Filipina Comfort Women - which immortalizes the suffering of and judicial need for
Filipina comfort women during World War II
Bonifacio Monument, depicting the revolutionary hero Andres Bonifacio.
5. Literature
Poetry, fiction, essay, and literary/art criticism are the focal arts of literature
usually based on or influenced by the traditional art of folk (oral) literature of the
natives
focuses greatly on works of art from epics, ethnic mythologies, and related stories and
traditions.