General description

CHAPTER 1
TECHNICAL MANUAL

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Generator GTI HF

Contents
Security .............................................................................. 4
Protection against Radiation............................................... 5
Cleaning and Disinfection ................................................... 5
Storage ............................................................................... 6
Transport ............................................................................ 6
Installation .......................................................................... 6
Operating............................................................................ 6
Maintenance ....................................................................... 7
Generator life time .............................................................. 7
Characteristics ................................................................... 8
Line switch characteristics ................................................. 9
Controller.......................................................................... 10
1 Radiography high voltage adjustment ............................................... 10
2 Radiography high voltage current adjustment .................................... 10
3 Radiography timer .......................................................................... 10
4 Work technic ................................................................................. 10
5 mAs display ................................................................................... 10
6 Operation indicators ....................................................................... 10
7 Error codes ................................................................................... 11
8 Manual adjustment of darkness ........................................................ 11
9 Selection of the screen re-enforcer ................................................. 11
10 Field selection of the ionisation chamber .......................................... 11
11 Housing ......................................................................................... 11

Control panel plan............................................................. 12

1 Signal light description .................................................................... 12
2 Tube number display ...................................................................... 14
3 Radiography technic selection key .................................................. 14
4 Validation / Invalidation key for the automatic radiographic mode ....... 15
5 Radiography kV adjustment ............................................................. 15
6 mAs displays ................................................................................. 16
7 Adjustment of the radiography high-voltage mA ................................. 17
8 Radiography exposure time ............................................................. 18
9 Darkness adjustment ...................................................................... 19
10 Fluoroscopy kV adjustment ............................................................ 21
11 Fluoroscopy high-voltage current adjustment .................................... 21
12 Fluoroscopy timer .......................................................................... 22

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13 Function of the automatiic fluoroscopy ............................................. 22

14 Pulsed fluoroscopy function ............................................................ 23

Radiography developement .............................................. 23

1 Examples of operating technics ....................................................... 23
2 Operating technic at 3 points technic KV - MA - S............................. 24
3 Operating technic at 2 points technic KV - MA .................................. 24
4 Operating technic at 1 points technic KV - MA ................................. 24

Anatomical technics.......................................................... 25
1 Memory recall ................................................................................ 25
2 Memory storage ............................................................................. 25
3 Display of the fonction parameters on the television monitor ............... 25
4 Supplementary control panels.......................................................... 25

Technical references ........................................................ 26

1 Diagram descriptions ...................................................................... 26
2 Data transmission format ................................................................ 26

Distinctions....................................................................... 27
1 Automatics stanby .......................................................................... 27
2 Automatic X-Ray tube emission measurement .................................. 27
3 mAs display ................................................................................... 27
4 High-voltage arcing protection ......................................................... 27
5 Tomography mode distinctions......................................................... 27
6 Cinema mode ditinctions ................................................................. 28
7 Inferiors members mode ................................................................. 28
8 Particularity of pulsed fluoroscopy mode .......................................... 28
9 Use of dual speed starter ................................................................ 28
10 Use in falling load .......................................................................... 29

Abnormal function ............................................................ 29

1 Abnormal interruption of radiographie exposures .............................. 29
2 mAs reading does not match the desired setting ............................... 29
3 Filament error ................................................................................ 29
4 No radiography with the automatic exposure controller ...................... 30
5 How to calculate the cooling coefficient of the X-ray tube .................. 30
6 Example: ....................................................................................... 31

Generator configuration ................................................... 32

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Generator GTI HF

Security
The user is asked to please observe all national laws concerning the usage and
installation of X-ray equipment.
No modification should be made to the equipment without the authorization of the
manufacturer.
Only properly qualified technical service individuals are authorized to remove the
protective housing of the unit. The keys have to be taken off of the equipment and kept by
the technical service.

This equipment is not intended to function in an atmosphere containing explosion

hazards.

In order to allow an effective ventilation it is necessary to not obstruct the ventilation

vent.

It is wise, as a rule, for the security of both patient and user, that the unit be checked
every 12 months in order to guarantee its reliability and efficiency
Worn out parts could become dangerous; they must be checked and replaced.

Before using the unit, the operator should make sure that all the parts regarding
security are functioning, with particular attention paid to the indicators and displays by
using the visual «lamp test».
The light indicator on the control panel (X-ray emissions) should remain lit
only while the X-ray emission key is pressed. If there is X emission without order, if
the mAs go beyond the mAs asked for, stop the emission immediately by pushing the
emergency push button. If it continues to be lit, disconnect the plug and call the
technical assistance.

Never try any intervention on any parts of the power supply without understanding all
the present circuits and voltages.

In order that no one remains ignorant about the risks, the "danger warning"must be
explicit and indicated on all stickers and manuals.

High voltage are permanantly present in this equipment. Disconnect the power supply
before opening the covers.

Death or serious wounds could be the result of an accidental contact with the high-
voltages.

There is an automatique device to discharge the power supply condensers. Respect

the necessary time of the condenser discharge before any intervention on the circuits.

Lack of a ground plug could cause an electric shock which can cause serious wounds
or even death.

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Chapter 1 / Technical manual

Before switching on this equipment, make sure that it is properly grounded as indicated
in the paragraph "installation" chapter 3 of this manual.
This grounding must to be ckecked regularly.
Be sure that the power supply plugs are properly grounded.
In case of doubt, call the technical service.

Protection against Radiation

All the personel who work with X-rays tubes and high voltage power supplys , must
take precautions to protect themselves from lesions that X-rays and high voltages can
cause.
The user must use the greatest focus-skin distance possible. And warn the patient
about secondary effects that accumulated X-ray exposure can produce.
For protection against radiation during exposures, the operator must always remain
at a sufficient distance away from the generator by using the full length of the handswitch
cable.
The personnel must use the protection accessories for protection against radiation
and respect the security rules. Wear an anti-X apron. Make sure that the patient is fully
protected in case of exposures near the reproductive organs. Protective clothes should
also be worn by the persons that stay near the patient during the exposure.

Information for the users : This power supply produce high voltage when it's "on",
and X-rays when it's used with an X-ray tube.
"Danger high voltage" stickers and "Caution X-rays" stickers must always be apparant
to indicate to the staff that they must be equiped with X-rays protections.

Cleaning and Disinfection

Before cleaning the unit make sure that the power supply is disconnected.

Be careful not to allow water or liquid of any kind to enter the unit, as this could cause
a short-circuit or corosion to occur.

Clean the covers and the unit using a soft rag with non-abrasive and non-corrosive
cleaning products.

For the console control do not use corrosive detergents or sprays containing acid,
only alkaloid solutions.

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Generator GTI HF

Storage
- Ambient temperature : -20 to 70°C
- Relative humidity : 10 to 95%, taking into account the condensation
- Atmospheric pressure range : 500 to 1060 hPa ( 375 to 795 mm Hg).

After a period of storage at a temperature inferior to 10°C, it is recommended to place

the turned-off device in an area with a temperature of between 10° to 40°C for a minimum
period of 4 hours.

After a period of non-use (3 weeks), please follow this procedure for the setting up of
the machine again :

Default :
The data sheet will indicate whether the tube can be operated with the anode stationary
or if it must be rotating during fluoroscopy.
With a tube current of 2 mA, the voltage is to be increased from minimum to 90 kV
within a period of 5 minutes.
Then increase to the maximum fluoroscopy voltage over an additional period of 5
minutes.

Transport
The equipment must not be moved without taking precautionary measures.
For more information, please contact the representative of APELEM.

Installation
The installation of the equipment must be done in a room without any humidity or
dust.
Please, refer to the chapter 3, paragraph "Installation" page 8 of this manual.

Operating
The conditions of use are the following :
- Ambient temperature : 10 to 40°C
- Relative humidity : 30 to 75%
- Atmospheric pressure range : 500 to 1060 hPa ( 375 to 795 mm Hg).

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Chapter 1 / Technical manual

Maintenance
For the security of patients and users it is advised that the equipment be checked
every 12 months for reliability and effective warranty.

Check regularly the condition of the cables and connections and change them if they
show signs of wearing out.

The operation security of this power supply is assured provided no components or parts
are removed from the unit and no unauthorized adjustments are made in the inverter
control or high voltage assemblies.

We recommand that:
•The cable plugs be removed, cleaned and reinserted.
•Circuits be checked for secure mounting, connector edges cleaned.
•Line and protective ground connections be checked for security.
•Fuses be checked for the correct value and type.
•Both the power supply and high voltage transformer are free of foreign objects.
•All physical supports be checked for secure mounts.
•The maintenance schedules indicated by the manufacturer be followed as specified.
•To ensure continued protection always replace fuses with the same make and type
as used by the original manufacturer.

Generator life time

According to the French legislature the life time of a generator is 25 years. Beyond
this life time the manufacturer does not guarantee proper fonction ‘‘of the product.

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Generator GTI HF

Characteristics
Power supply type: Switching reasonant power supply.
Electric power supply: 400 V AC +/- 10% 50/60Hz triphase
Line resistance: 0.2 ? maximum.
Protection of mains by fuses .
Protection level against electric shocks : type B

Power 80kW 65kW 50kW

Current 180A 150A 100A
Main supply by remote contactor

Radiography

kV 40...150
Precision 2%
mA 10..1000 10..800 10...600
mAs maximum 600/exposure

mA maximum at 80kV 1000mA 800mA 600mA

at 150kV 500mA 400mA 300mA

Power 80 kW 65 kW 50 kW
Maxi electric power 133 kV-600mA-0,1s 82 kV-800mA-0,1s 119 kW-400mA-0,1s
Nomi electric power 99 kV-800mA-0,1s 100 kV-600mA-0,1s 95 kV-500mA-0,1s

Ripple 4% peak to peak at 100 kV 300mA

Minimum time 0.003 s

Power 50 kW 65 kW 80 kW
mAs reference at 70 kV 30mAs 40mAs 40mAs
mAs reference at 100 kV 20mAs 30mAs 30mAs
mAs reference at 150 kV 10mAs 20mAs 30mAs

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Chapter 1 / Technical manual

Minimum values for the specified area of conformity 50 kW 65 kW 80 kW

Result current x time for 70 kV 1,2 1,2 1,8 mAs
Result current x time for 100 kV 1 0,8 1,6 mAs
Result current x time for 150 kV 0,6 0,6 0,9 mAs

GTI 50 : Field of conformity:

From 4 ms to 70 kV, 5 ms to 100 kV, and 6 ms to 150 kV, to maximum value displayed
GTI 65 : Field of conformity:
From 4 ms to 70 kV, 100 kV, 150 kV, to maximum value displayed
GTI 80 : Field of conformity:
From 6 ms to 70 kV, 100 kV, 150 kV, to maximum value displayed

Automatic exposure : minimum time for nominal exposure : for 75 kV 12ms

Automatic exposure : minimum time for nominal exposure : for 150 kV 20ms

Fluoroscopy

kV 40...125
mA 0.5...9.9 mA
Ripple 10% at 100 kV 5 mA

Protection devices: Overload

Broken filament
Abnormal rotor
High voltage arcing
Over voltage

Line switch characteristics

If a line switch is requested, please follow these characteristics :

Type Electromagnetic circuit breaker four poles

Service voltage 440 volts AC
Service current 80 A curve D
Differential protection 300 mA

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Generator GTI HF

Controller
1 Radiography high voltage adjustment
40...150 per unit of 1kV

2 Radiography high voltage current adjustment

12 values:

10 mA 20 mA 30 mA 40 mA 50 mA 100 mA
150 mA 200 mA 300 mA 400 mA 500 mA 600 mA

3 Radiography timer

35 values:

0,003s 0,004s 0,005s 0,006s 0,007s 0,008s 0,009s

0.010s 0.020s 0.030s 0.040s 0.050s 0.060s 0.070s
0.080s 0.090s 0.100s 0.200s 0.300s 0.400s 0.500s
0.600s 0.700s 0.800s 0.900s 1.000s 1.200s 1.500s
2.000s 2.500s 3.000s 3.500s 4.000s 4.500s 5.000s

The exposure time is controled by a quartz timer

4 Work technic
Number of work technics: 6

5 mAs display
The mAs are displayed according to the constants chosen.
An optional display of the mAs accumulates during the exposure.
The mAs are also displayed during an esposure when using the automatic exposure
controller.

6 Operation indicators
X-ray emission in radiography.
X-ray emission in fluoroscopy.
Heating error/power supply fault.
Interdiction of an exposure due to an overload/tube temperature.
Small focus; large focus.

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Chapter 1 / Technical manual

7 Error codes

The mAs display is used to display the error codes.

0= High voltage power supply not ready.

1= The operator requests an exposure which exceeds the maximum power
of the generator.
2= The operator requests an exposure which exceeds the
possibilities of the tube.
3= The operator requests an exposure which exceeds the
possibilities of the tube
4= The operator requests too many mAs for the exposure.
5= The exposure is impossible due to the absence of the emission
characteristics of the tube.
6= Mistake of checksum of the configuration eprom
7= Mistake of checksum of the definition eprom tube 1
8= Mistake of checksum of the definition eprom tube 2
9= Overload mA in radiography

When the machine starts you will find the following codes on the kV graphy display.
11 Less than 3 hours has been passed.The integrator calculate the time.

44 Error of checksum. The integrator is set at 0.

55 More than one day without power supply. The integrator is set at 0.

66 More than 3 hours without power supply. The integrator is set at 0.

8 Manual adjustment of darkness

9 steps between -4 to +4.

9 Selection of the screen re-enforcer

3 keys allow a selection of either a slow, normal, or rapid screen.

10 Field selection of the ionisation chamber

3 keys allow to select or not, each of the 3 fields of the exposure chamber. The
selection of at least one field validates the function mode with the automatic exposure
controller. The program displays in regards to the kV and mAs, the maximum time
authorized.

11 Housing
approx. 600mm x 600mm x 1870mm, 200kg.

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Generator GTI HF

Control panel plan

1 Signal light description

The first light, a green circle,and lights up during an exposure request, to indicate that
the high voltage power supply and the tube starter are ready for the second time.

The second light, is marked by an x-ray tube design with a cross. It lights up to
indicate that all radiographic exposure is prohibited for one of the following reasons:
•the exposure power exceeds the high voltage power supply properties;
•the number of mAs for the exposure requested exceeds the maximum number of
mAs possible;
•the exposure power exceeds the tube’s properties;
•an abnormality in the function of the appparatus.
In the case where the maximum temperature of the tube housing is exceeded this
light will blink. If it begins to blink during an exposure, that exposure will be completed; but
the following exposure will be pro-hibited. Nevertheless, in the case of a problem with the
housing temperature, even though the radiography will be prohibited; it is always possible
to request fluoroscopy.

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The third light indicates that the heating of the selected focus of the selected tube is
not functioning. This could be due to the high voltage cable being disconnected; the X-ray
tube being broken; or that the generator is in a standby mode.It mays light also for an
arcing or a main overvoltage.

The fourth light indicates when lighted, that the small focus is being used.

The fifth light indicates when lighted, that the large focus is being used. The commu-
tation between the large and the small focus takes place automatically according to the
high voltage current value selected by the operator.You can choose this stepin configura-
tion mode.

The sixth light indicates when lighted, that a radiographic exposure is taking place.

The last light on the upper right-hand corner of the control panel indicates when lighted,
that a fluoroscopy is taking place.

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Generator GTI HF

2 Tube number display

The display unit bearing the indication «TUBE» indicates if the tube being used is the
first or the second tube.
If this display unit reads the number «1» it is tube number 1 being used and if the
display unit reads the number «2» it is tube number 2 that is being used.

The operator does not directly select the number of the tube. Rather it is by the
programming that each tube is associated to a radiographic technic.

3 Radiography technic selection key

The six keys linked to a recall LED allow the selection of the radiographic technic.
Through a personnalized programming during the installation of the X-ray tube high-
voltage power supply, the possible operating technics have been defined and which tube
has been assigned to each authorized operating technic.
Once the selection key of a valid operating technic is pressed, the generator initializes
the radiographic constants, inhibits or permits the fluoroscopic examen of that technic,
validates or invalidates the use of the automatic exposure controller; and effectuates the
tube selection.

If you press a selection key of an unauthorized operating technic, the control system
will indicate your error by emitting a buzzer sound.

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Chapter 1 / Technical manual

4 Validation / Invalidation key for the automatic radiographic mode

The key located in the lower center of the control panel is linked to a recall LED and
allows the validation or invalidation of the automatic radiography mode.
The automatic radiography mode frees the operator from having to select the
radiography kVs by using the following principle: as a general rule, a fluoroscopy is used to
localize the area of the patient that will then be radiographed. The high-voltage value of the
fluoroscopy used for this localization is transfered to the radiographic constants selection
displays. Then, if the fluoroscopy is used together with the automatic fluoroscopy kVs
mode, the radiography kVs are deterrnined automatically.
Note: A functional error can result if the televized radioscopy system misfunctions,
as the necessary scopy kVs in such a case could be higher than what is actually necessary.

5 Radiography kV adjustment

The group of 3 seven-segment displays units marked «kV» and the two corresponding
adjustment keys located on the left of the control panel allow for the radiography kV selection.
The adjustment range extends from 40 kV to 150 kV. Please note that the maximum
value of the radiography kV can be lower up to 120 kV, as defined independantly for the two
X-ray tubes according to the properties of the tube and the housing.

The selection keys are equiped with an automatic repetition characteristic: each time
it is pressed the displayed value is progressed by one unit and if pressed for more than a
certain time, without interruption, the displayed value progresses rapidly.

Each time the displayed value is modified, the calculator verifies if the exposure is
possible or not due to exceeding the characteristics of the tube or the high voltage power
supply. If the exposure becomes impossible the interdiction signal light is illuminated and
the display normally used for the mAs display will contain the error code.

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Generator GTI HF

The modification of the displayed value becomes impossible during the preparation
for a radiography or an exposure.

When the machine starts you will find the following codes on the kV graphy display.

11 Less than 3 hours has been passed.The integrator calculate the time.
44 Error of checksum. The integrator is set at 0.
55 More than one day without power supply. The integrator is set at 0.
66 More than 3 hours without power supply. The integrator is set at 0.

6 mAs displays

The group of 3 seven-segment display units located in the middle of the control panel
and marked «mAs» are used generally to display either, the mAs of the requested exposure,
or the mAs of the exposure taking place.
However, this display group is also used to display an error code in the case of an
overload:
•The display indicates «1» if the requested exposure exceeds the possibilities of the
high-voltage power supply.
•The display indicates «2» if the requested exposure exceeds the tube’s power.
•The display indicates «3» if the requested exposure exceeds the tube’s power in
regards to the kV.
•The display indicates «4» if the requested exposure exceeds the quantity of mAs
possible
•The display indicates «5» if the calculator does not arrange the heating current
value to correspond to the requested exposure.
•The display indicates «6» in case of wrong checksum of the configuration eprom
•The display indicates «7» in case of wrong checksum of the tube 1 eprom
•The display indicates «8» in case of wrong checksum of the tube 2 eprom
•The display indicates «9» if the mA graphy are too high.

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Chapter 1 / Technical manual

7 Adjustment of the radiography high-voltage mA

The group of 4 seven-segment display units marked «mA» and the two corresponding
adjustment keys allow for the selection of the high-voltage current for the radiography.
The operator has a choice between 14 high-voltage current values which are:

10mA 20mA 30mA 40mA 50mA 100mA

150mA 200mA 300mA 400mA 500mA 600mA

800 mA (65kW,80kW)

1000 mA (80kW)

The adjustment keys are equiped with an automatic repetition function which allows
for a rapid pass through of the values if the operator presses the key for a moment without
interruption.

With each change in the displayed value, the calculator immediately verifies if the
new ensemble of exposure parameters, selected by the operator, permits the exposure. If
it is not possible and the values chosen exceed either, the characteristics of the X-ray
tube, or the characteristics of the high-voltage power supply; the user is immediately warned
of the interdiction by the illumination of the exposure interdiction signal light and the display
of the error code on the display group normally used to display the mAs values.

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Generator GTI HF

8 Radiography exposure time

The group of4 seven-segment displays units marked «s» and the two corresponding
adjustment keys allow for the radiography exposure time selection.
The operator has a choice between 28 exposure time values which are:

0,003 s 0,004 s 0,005 s 0,006 s 0,007 s 0,008 s 0,009 s

0.010 s 0.020 s 0.030 s 0.040 s 0.050 s 0.060 s 0.070 s
0.080 s 0.090 s 0.100 s 0.200 s 0.300 s 0.400 s 0.500 s
0.600 s 0.700 s 0.800 s 0.900 s 1.000 s 1.200 s 1.500 s
2.000 s 2.500 s 3.000 s 3.500 s 4.000 s 4.500 s 5.000 s

The adjustment keys are equiped with the automatic repetition function which permits
a rapid pass through the values if the operator presses the key for a moment without
interruption.
With each change in the displayed value, the calculator immediately verifies if the
new ensemble of exposure parameters, selected by the operator, permits the exposure.
If it is not possible and the values chosen exceed either, the characteristics of the X-ray
tube, or the characteristics of the high-voltage power supply; the user is immediately warned
of the interdiction by the illumination of the exposure interdiction signal light and the display
of the error code on the display group normally used to display the mAs values.

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Chapter 1 / Technical manual

9 Darkness adjustment

The group of 2 seven-segment display units and the nine corresponding adjustment keys
located on the lower left side of the control panel allow a remote control adjustment of the automatic
exposure controller. The automatic exposure controller frees the operator from having to choose
the exposure time of a radiography.
This high-voltage power supply for the X-ray tube is conceived to be linked directly, by a simple
cable connection, to our company’s automatic exposure controller. If you use an automatic exposure
controller of another mark, it is possible that some or most of the adjustment functions will not be
easily remote controlled.
The automatic exposure controller effectuates the cutoff of the X-ray emissions during a
radiographic exposure in such a way that there is a sufficient impression on the photographic film.
The group of 2 seven-segment display units indicates the value of the manuel darkness
correction desired by the operator and adjusted by him with the aid of the corresponding keys. The
operator can choose between the following compensation values:
-4 -3 -2 -1 0 +1 +2 +3 +4

The three following keys allow a choice of the type of screen re-enforcer used in the film
cassette. Each key is registered by a signal light. Only one of these keys can be activated at a
time. By selecting a screen re-enforcer, the previously selected screen re-enforcer is automatically
annulled.

The next three following keys allow for the selection or annulation of the ionization chambers
of the automatic exposure controller. Depending on the type of radiographic examination to be
done, the operator must select the ionization chamber or chambers which are necessary.

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Generator GTI HF

Validating at least one ionization chamber activates the radiographic function mode
assisted by the automatic exposure controller. This function mode inhibits the manuel
adjustment of the exposure time and the calculator displays permanently on the radiographic
exposure time display unit, the maximum time allowed in relation to the characterisitics of
the high-voltage power supply and the X-ray tube selected. It is the responsibility of the
operator to verify if the maximum time allowed allows for a negative suitable to the automatic
exposure controller.

This key would re-initialize the automatic exposure controller in the case where a
suitable exposure would have been impossible following an insufficient dose of X-rays for
the impression of the radiographic film. An abnormality in a radiographic exposure is
signaled by a buzzer.

Note: The function in connection with the automatic exposure controller can be
prohibited on each operating technic by programming the generator.
Also, a personalized programming of the generator allows you to attribute to each
operating technic:
•the use or prohibition of use of the automatic exposure controller
•a transparent selection for the operator of the ionization chamber number
•the prefered screen re-enforcer
•the prefered ionization chambers.
In selecting an operating technic, this group of preferences is automatically recalled.

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Chapter 1 / Technical manual

10 Fluoroscopy kV adjustment
The group of 3 seven-segment display units and the two corresponding adjustrnent
keys marked kV, and located on the upper right of the control panel, allow for the selection
of the kilo-Volts of the fluoroscopy mode.
The range of adjustment extends for 50kV to 120kV by unit of lkV. In the automatic
function mode of fluoroscopy this group of display units displays during fluoroscopy, the
immediate value of the high- voltage fluoroscopic deterrnined by the automatic fluoroscopic
system.
If the generator is in the autornatic fluoroscopy function mode, the operator leaves the
mode by pressing one of the high-voltage fluoroscopic manual adjustment keys. In the
automatic radiography function mode, the fluoroscopic high-voltage value is transferred to
the radiographic high-voltage display units.
Note: The fluoroscopic mode can be inhibited for an operating technic. In that case,
the display units of the fluoroscopic section are switched off and the keys are inoperable.

11 Fluoroscopy high-voltage current adjustment

The group of 2 seven-segment display units and the two corresponding adjustrnent
keys marked mA, and located on the rniddle right of the control panel, allow for the display
and selection of the fluoroscopic high-voltage current.
In the fluoroscopy automatic function mode, this group of display units displays during
fluoroscopy, the irnmediate value of the fluoroscopic high-voltage current determined by
the autornatic fluoroscopic system.
If the generator is in the automatic fluoroscopy function mode, the operator leaves the
mode by pressing one of tlle high-voltage fluoroscopic manual adjustrnent keys.
Note: The manual variation of the fluoroscopy high-voltage current is possible only
during fluoroscopy.
Pressing one of the adjustment keys while the generator is on standby does not
affect the adjustrnent of the fluoroscopic high-voltage current.
Also, the value of the fluoroscopic high-voltage current is only displayed during a
fluoroscopy. When the generator is on standby this display unit displays «0.0», indicating
that there is no fluoroscopy at the moment and as a consequence, no fluoroscopic current
circulating in the selected X-ray tube.
The fluoroscopic mode can be inhibited for an operating technic. In which case the
display units for the fluoroscopic section are switched off and the adjustment keys are
inoperable.

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Generator GTI HF

In the case where the fluoroscopic current pass over 10mA ,all the displays of
fluoroscopy are switched off and in this case a simple press on a post key allows a normal
works.If the problem persist ,call your technical service.

12 Fluoroscopy timer

The group of 3 seven-segment display units and the corresponding adjustment key
rnarked «min», located on the lower right of the control panel, indicate to the operator the
cumulate time in the fluoroscopy timer.
Once the timer reaches 5rnn, fluoroscopy is impossible.
Pressing the corresponding key re-initiates the timer for 5 minutes.
This group of display units contains both the minutes and the units of seconds
remairling in the timer.Both 1/10 and 1/100 of a second are recorded by the timer during
an active fluoroscopy, although they are not displayed.
Note: The fluoroscopic mode can be inhibited for an operating technic. In which case
the display units of the fluoroscopic section are switched off and the adjustment keys are
inoperable.

13 Function of the automatic fluoroscopy

The second key beginning from-the bottom right of the generator control panel with a
LED recall, allows for the validation or invalidation of the automatic fluoroscopy function
mode.
When the automatic fluoroscopy function mode is invalidated, the user must fix the
values of the fluoroscopy high-voltage and high voltage current.
When the automatic fluoroscopy function mode is validated, the automatic fluoroscopy
system during an active fluoroscopy adjusts the values of the fluoroscopy highvoltage and
high-voltage current in order to obtain a correct fluoroscopic image.
Note: The automatic fluoroscopy function mode can be invalidated by simply pres-
sing on one of the four keys which adjust rnanually the value of the fluoroscopy high-
voltage and high-voltage current.
The first key beginning from the bottom right of the generator control panel with a
LED recall, allows for the validation or invalidation of the pulsed fluoroscopy function mode.
The pulsed fluoroscopy function mode can function only if the generator is linked to a
digital video memory.
If such is the case, and the pulsed fluoroscopy function mode is validated, the
fluoroscopy is periodically interrupted by a cornmand from the digital video memory circuitry;
in order to diminish the total dose of X-rays during a fluoroscopy.
Note: The fluoroscopic mode can be inhibited for an operating technic. In which
case the display units of the fluoroscopic section are switched off and the adjustment
keys are inoperable.

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Chapter 1 / Technical manual

14 Pulsed fluoroscopy function

The first key begining from the bottom right of the generator control panel with a LED
recall, allows for the validation or invalidation of the pulsed fluoroscopy function mode.
The pulsed fluoroscopy function mode is actived only if the generator is linked to a
digital video memory.
If such is the case, and the pulsed fluoroscopy function mode is validated, the
fluoroscopy is periodically interrupted by a comn-iand from the digital video memory circuitry;
in order to dinùnish the total dose of X-rays during a fluoroscopy.
- Note: The fluoroscopic mode can be inhibited for an operating technic. In which
case the display uriits of the fluoroscopic section are switched off and the adjustment keys
are inoperable.

Radiography developement
1 Examples of operating technics

A radiography can take place only in the absence of all interdictions indicated by the
illuminated signal lights. The operator begins an exposure by pressing on the graphy
control and when the first phase is acheived, that is once the tube filament reaches its
operating temperature and the rotor starting circuit signals that the tube anode rotation
speed is reached; the operator can press completely the control to begin the second
phase; the actual emission of X-rays. If he wishes the operator can immediately press
the control completely, and the phase procedure will take place automatically.
The operator can at any moment interrupt the exposure procedure by releasing the
graphy control. If he releases only the second phase button and returns to the first phase
of graphy, he can again attain the second phase. A complete release of the control obliges
him to pass through the beginning phase first, before attaining the second phase.
During an exposure, the graphy X-ray signal light is illuminated and the mAs display
indicates the immediate accumulated value, if the internal mAs-meter display option is
validated.
Note: Once the graphy control is pressed, it is impossible to press a control panel
key. Pressing the scopy pedal during a graphy request or during a graphy will stop the
graphy or the preparation.

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Generator GTI HF

2 OPERATING TECHNIC AT 3 POINTS KV - MA - S

The operating technic at three points obliges the operator to select for each radiography
the value of three parameters: kV, mA, and the duration of the exposure. This work mode
is obtained when no automatic exposure field is active and when the automatic radiography
key is switched off.

3 OPERATING TECHNIC AT 2 POINTS KV - MA

The operating technic at two points obliges the operator to select for each radiography
the value of two parameters: kV and mA. This work mode is obtained when at least one
automatic exposure field is active and when the automatic radiography key is switched
off. In this mode the automatic exposure controller fixes the duration of the exposure so
as to produce a suitable impression on the radiographic film. Note that the generator
displays the maximum time possible for the exposure and that the operator must judge if
the exposure can be suitably brought to term before that time.

4 OPERATING TECHNIC AT 1 POINT MA

The operating technic at one point obliges the operator to select for each radiography
the value of one parameter: the mA. This work mode is obtained when at least one automatic
exposure field is active and when the automatic radiography key is switched on.
In this mode the automatic exposure controller fixes the duration of the exposure so
as to produce a suitable impression on the radiographic film. The kV value is that which
was determined during the preceding fluoroscopy. Note that the generator displays the
maximum time possible for the exposure and that the operator must judge if the exposure
can be suitably brought to term before that time.

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Chapter 1 / Technical manual

Anatomical technics
1 Memory recall
To recall the parameters on memory of one of the body parts, it is sufficient to select
the LED, place it on the area to be X-rayed, by the intermediary of a combination of keys A
to E and the keys 1 to 5.
Next, verify that the correct screen is selected as well as the size selection of the
subject to be X-rayed.
It should be noted that pressing the screen keys, the size selection keys and the
profile key recall the memory values for each body part.
A buzzer in the control panel stand is set off if an unmemorized parameter is selected.
For example; to do a frontal X-ray of a normal sized hand with a normal screen it is
sufficient to select the hand on the anatomical control panel by keys E and 1, then select
the normal screen and the normal size and verify that the profile key is not illuminated.
Your constants values previously registered are automatically recalled on the keyboard.

2 Memory storage
To store on memory the constants of the examination it is necessary to select the
body part to be programmed by keys A to E and 1 to 5 which illuminate the corresponding
LED, then select the screen type to be used the subject size and the profile key if necessary.
Then simply display the current constant for this type of examination and memorize
them by pressing simultaneously the two memory keys.
It is necessary to repeat this process for each different examination which is dealt
with by the anatomical control panel.
It should be noted that certain parameters are already programmed at the factory.
These values are given simply as information and must be re-adjusted afterwards.

3 Display of the fonction parameters on the television monitor

You have the possibility to display the scopy constants on your monitor screen by
inserting between the video output of the camera and the video input of the monitor, the
video cables coming from the anatomical control panel. By doing so, you will obtain on
your screen the display of the scopy kV, the scopy rnAs as well as a blinking cross signaling
an X-ray emission.

4 Supplementary control panels

You are given the possibility to add by a simple connection a second control panel
equipped or not with anatomical commands that you can install for example in another
room for use with another tube.

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Generator GTI HF

Technical references
1 Diagram descriptions
Please refer to chapter 6 of the control panel diagram.
The control panel is run by two micro-processors; one which cornmands the keyboard
and the other the displays.
All the commands are governed by the micro-processors with the exception of those
concerning the scopy commands and of first and second time graphy.
It should be noted that the keys for first and second time are represented on the
diagram but are not placed on the control panel.
The micro-processor Ul-A governs the control panel commands as well as those of
a second control panel.
The micro-processor U2-A governs the displays of the control panel, the illumination
of the LEDs and the display of the scopy parameters on the TV monitor.
U3 permits the interface between the generator and the control panel.
The displays contain their own command logic and the transfers between the micro-
processors and the displays are effectuated by a rapid MOSI link, SCK being the dock
signal.
U4 supplys the voltage of 3.5 V necessary to illuminate the LEDs.
For the text display two BNC are used. BNC 1 being the input and BNC 2 the output.
In the absence of the control panel power supply the relay Kl straps the input and the
output, or else it extracts the synchro from the video signal through U7; U5A and B supply
the synchro frame to U6 which supplies the text insertion to U8 which is charged with
super-imposing this information of the video signal. U9 supplies the -5 V for U8.

2 Data transmission format

A matrix of 6 lines 8 columns is used. The management is made following the mode
one key roll over. UlA governs the key matrix and the emission reception link of the other
control panel; if the other control panel permits an order U1 verifies if the first control panel
is not permitting an order simultaneously and gives the priority to the first control panel.
The link used is a series link R422 which allows for long distance transfers due to
differential links.

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Chapter 1 / Technical manual

Distinctions
1 Automatics stanby
This generator is equiped with a system that places it on standby after ten minutes of
non-use. This system of standby can be inhibited by a simple modification of a configura-
tion parameter. The goal of this system is to economize energy and avoid an unneccessary
wear and heating of the X-ray tube and power supply during long periods of non-use
After ten minutes of non-use, the system sounds a one second buzzer, cuts off the
high-voltage circuit power supply and switches off the seven-segment display units on the
control panel; while however illuminating the decimal points so as to signal that the generator
is still under tension, although on standby.
To take the generator out of the standby mode, the operator presses either, any one
of the control panel keys, the graphy control, or the scopy pedal; and the generator returns
to the same mode it was in before going into standby. After standby, the generator will be
ready to function again in ten seconds.

2 Automatic X-Ray tube emission measurement

In order to obtain the most precise function possible, each of the two tubes undergoes
a measuring phase to determine its own emission measurments. The system stored in
several EEPROM, one each tube; has both the load properties (which allows never using
the tube beyond its possibilities), and the heating current values which give the high-vol-
tage current desired by the operator in function with the displayed kilo-volts.
This automatic measuring phase generally can be done in less than an hour and
must be done obligatorily during each installation after having defined the load properties
of the tube.

3 mAs display
The generator is equiped with a mAs-meter which can, by configuration, give for
each exposure the accumulated value of the mAs. Thus the operator can control the
development of each exposure and is immediately notified of all function abnormalities.

4 High-voltage arcing protection

A control circuit permanently surveys the high-voltage current value and reveals
immediately an arcing in the high-voltage tube. In such a situation, the exposure underway
is stopped to avoid the destruction of the electronic componants.

5 Tomography mode distinctions

The tomography mode is different from the five other operating technics. The
programming of a configuration parameter fixes the maximum value of the high-voltage
current that is possible to request in this mode. In general, the current is limited in such a
way so as to allow a function only with the small focus of the tube.

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Generator GTI HF

Working in automatic kV is possible with the input AN5 on U31 pin 6 where you must
put an analogical value coming from the photo multiplier.
The key used for the copy of fluoroscopy kV to graphy kV will be used for activate this
automatic mode.

6 Cinema mode ditinctions

The cinema post can be validate on post 5.(in configuration mode)
In this configuration exposure time is chosen in configuration mode..The pulses are
activated on input EXT on the interface board.
The display of pulses frequency and the serial time is done in the time display. Working
in autornatic kV is possible with the input AN5 on U31 pin 6 where you must put an analogical
value coming from the photo multiplier.
The key used for the copy of fluoroscopy kV to graphy kV will be used for activate this
autornatic mode.

7 Inferiors members mode

This mode can be validate on post 6.(in configuration mode)
In this configuration the leds used usually for anatomical technic are used to show
the position of the patient under XRAY.
With the profil key you can invert the way of moving the patient.A relay is activated(if
configurate) and give a signal to the table.
You have also the possibility to configurate an other relay which will indicate to the
system if it’s the first scanning (mask) or the second phase.

8 Particularity of pulsed fluoroscopy mode

the pulsed fluoroscopy may be configurated in radiographic mode (Parameter 174);
in this case the display used for for counting fluoroscopy time is used to defined the serial
time. (Parameters 179/180). The mA value used is entered by programming. (Parameters
175/176), and kV regulation is made by video camera or by PM (Parameters 181/182) .
This function is used only with an optionnal board which synchronize the pulses of the
generator with the video camera.

9 Use of dual speed starter

Configuration parameters (Parameters 189/190) are used to inform the GTI of the
presence of a Varian High speed steter. It’s not require to configurate the rotate anode in
fluoroscopy (Parameters 38/39), the rotating in low speed will be always effective in
fluoroscopy . The parameters used for selecting a high speed starter (parameters 36/37)
must be set to 0.

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Chapter 1 / Technical manual

10 Use in falling load

The parameters from 191 to 196 allow the use in falling load according to the automatic
exposure controller (AEC).
In this configuration, the keys regurlarly used for the mA selection, allow the selection
of the focus.

Note : The falling load only works if the triggering of the large focus (parameters 57 or
58 depending on the tube) is at 150 mA = value 7.

Abnormal function
1 Abnormal interruption of radiography exposures
An interruption of an exposure can be due to the following causes:
•high-voltage arcing in the tube
•insufficient power supply
•problem in the tube heating (a broken or non-powered filament).

2 mAs reading does not match the desired setting

The internal mAs-meter included in the generator has only one indicative value and
its precision cannot be compared to a specialized measuring instrument. Its measuring
precision can be faulty when measuring weak high-voltage currents or if the exposure is
very short. Note that its precision is only about +20%. If however, you notice repeated
measurement irregularities, probably your tube is no longer calibrated and a re-calibration
operation must be performed by the after-sales service.

3 Filament error
The illumination of the signal light does not necessarily mean that the tube filament is
broken. This signal is illuminated in the following cases:
•a fault in the high-voltage cable
•the generator is in the standby mode
•the heating circuit is not functioning.
•main suply too high( you can control if the led on voltage control is light up)
•high-voltage arcing
In these two last cases you must put the generator off and on to reset the system.
If the problem persist call your technical service.

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30
Generator GTI HF

4 No radiography with the automatic exposure controller

If the second phase is impossible when the generator is functioning with the automatic
exposure controller, you should verify that the automatic controller is operating correctly
and that the connecting cable is connected.
In effect, if you request a technic using the automatic exposure controller, it is the
controller which real-izes the actual request for the second phase at the nearest level
possible to the direct request of the X-ray emission; so as to obtain the most rapid cutoff
time possible.
If in the case of a configuration error, you authorize the use of the automatic controller
while the radiologic installation is unequipped, the operator can accidentally request the
function mode in 1 or 2 points by val-idating a field of the exposure chamber; and no
radiographic exposure will be possible.

6 How to calculate the cooling coefficient of the X-ray tube

Take the cooling curve of the tube.
Note the heating value at t0=0mn >T0
Note the heating value at t1=1mn >T1
Note the heating value at t2=2mn >T2
Note the heating value at t3=3mn >T3
Note the heating value at t4=4mn >T4
Note the heating value at t5=5rnn >T5

Calculate the following ratios:

KO=Tl/TO ;K1=1"2/Tl ;K2=T3/T2 ;K3=T4/T3 ;K4=T5/T4
Take an average value :Kaverage=(KO+Kl+K2+K3+K4)/5
Coefficient is k=Kaverage X 255
(If one of the values is too different of the others don’t take care for calculate the
average)

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Chapter 1 / Technical manual

6 Example:

a)

DI 105 H(S)
T0=300kJ T1=212kJ T2=180kJ T3=162kJ T4=150kJ T5=132kJ
K0=0,70 K1=0,85 K2=0,9 K3=0,92 K4=0,88

We can see that KO compared to others ratio is very slow, so we will not use it for
calculate K average, and then K average =0,89
and K=227

HOW TO CALCUL THE COOLING COEFFICIENT OF THE HOUSING

- Take the cooling curve of the housing of the tube.
- Note the heating value at t0=0h >T0
- Note the heating value at t1=1h >T1
- Note the heating value at t2=2h >T2
- Note the heating value at t3=3h >T3

- Calculate the following ratios:

K0=Tl/’T0 ;K1=T2/Tl ;K2=T3/T2
- Take an average value :Kaverage=(KO+Kl+K2)/3
Coefficient is k=Kaverage X 255
(If one of the values is too different from the others, don’t take care of it to calculate
the average)

b)
-DO 10 without fan
T0=1200kJ T1=400kJ T2=130kJ T3=40kJ
K0=0,33 K1=0,325 K2=0,31

K average =0,32
and k=82

DO 10 with fall
T0=1200kJ «1»1=280kJ T2=40kl
K0=0,23 Kl=o,14

K average =0,19
and k=48

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Generator GTI HF

Generator configuration
Software Version
Control board Anatomic keyboard
U1
Version : Version : 1.0

Checksum : Checksum : 36CD

U2
Version : 2.0

Checksum : C1CE

Generator

Type:

Converter N° :

Cuve

Type :

Housing N° :

Control board Interface board

Reference: 05-91-188E Reference : 04-91-187E
Serial N° : Serial N° :

Line voltage control board Anatomic keyboard

Reference : 04-93-234A Reference : 05-92-210A
Serial N° : Serial N° :

Keyboard power supply

Reference : 10-94-278B
Serial N° :

Any apparatus connected to this generator must respected CEI standard.

Ref : 32-40-013-C