8

Technology
and
Livelihood Education
COMPUTER SYSTEM SERVICING
Quarter1-Module 2 – Part 1
PERFORMING COMPUTER OPERATIONS

Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines

 What I Need to Know

A computer is a programmable machine designed to perform arithmetic and

logical operations automatically and sequentially on the input given by the user. It
gives the desired output after processing. Understanding sets of instructions which
a computer follows will help you to process data, perform an operation or solve a
logical problem.

This module covers the knowledge and skills needed to perform

computer operations which include inputting, accessing, producing, and
transferring data using the appropriate hardware and software.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. input data into computer (TLE_IACSS9-12PCO-Id-e-5),
2. access information using computer (TLE_IACSS9-12PCO-Ie-f-6),
3. produce output/data using computer system (TLE_IACSS9-12PCO-If-7); and
4. use basic functions of a www-browser to locate information
(TLE_IACSS9-12PCO-Ig-h-8).
 What I Know

Pre-test

Before starting with this module, let us measure what you already know
about Performing Computer Operations. Follow and answer the activity below.

Directions: Read the statements carefully. In your TLE CSS Activity

Notebook, write TRUE if the statement is correct, and write
FALSE if it is wrong.
1. Computers are changing our lives.
2. In this digital world, having the knowledge and skills
in computer servicing is the start and most
fundamental of all.
3. A computer is a mechanical machine that processes
information.
4. The computer system is a collection of entities like
hardware, software and electricity.
5. Hardware refers to the physical and tangible
computer equipment.
6. Output device accepts data and instructions from the
user.
7. Microphone is one of the output devices of the
computer.
8. A projector is an input device.
9. The system unit is the main part of a desktop
computer.
10. CPU is an acronym for Central Processing Unit.
11. A storage device stores data and programs.
12. Software refers to the collection of electronic
instructions that tell the computer what to do.

2
 13. Search engine is a program that enables the users
to search for documents or information in the World
Wide Web.
14. Use the Anti-Virus to eliminate the virus.
15. Make sure the pins are misaligned when connecting
a cable connector.

If your score is…

11-15 Very Good! You may still read the module, but you are
already knowledgeable with the topics that we are to
discuss.

6-10 Good! Go over the items that you find difficult. Then, you
may proceed to the lessons in this module that you don’t
understand.

0-5 Don’t worry about your score. This module is designed for
you to understand all about Performing Computer
Operation. So, what are you waiting for? Start your
journey. Turn to the next page.

3
Lesson
The Computer System
1
What’s In

In the previous lesson, you have learned the different hand tools and
their uses. Do you think learning about them is helpful? Keep on track
because the next lesson will show you more interesting and helpful things
which you can use in the modern world.

What’s New

Activity 1. Word Codes

Computers are found in many places. Find out what these places are
by decoding the words below. Do this by writing the letter of the alphabet that
comes after each given letter. Use A as the letter after Z. Write your answer in
your TLE CSS Activity Notebook.
1. Khaqzqx - Example: (k(l) h(i) a(b) q(r) z(a) q(r) x(y)) = library
2. rgno
3. neehbd
4. rsnqd
5. ezbsnqx
6. gnld
7. azmj
8. kzanqzsnqx
9. rbgnnk
10. ntsdq rozbd

4
 What is It

Computers in a Changing World

Many scientific and technological advances mark the beginning of the
twentieth century. These advances include inventions such as airplane,
television, and most especially the computer. Computers are changing our
lives; they are sweeping away the old ways of doing things with their superb
speed and reliability.
As many of today’s basic functions are being simplified by technology,
computers have been on the forefront in developing innovations through their
many functions.
In this digital world, having the knowledge and skills in computer
servicing is the start and most fundamental of all.

Years ago… Today…

www.google.com www.google.com
We use calculator to compute. It We use computers to solve billions
takes some time to solve huge of math problems.
amount of numbers.

We use landline telephone to call our We use mobile phones to call

anyone anywhere.
friend.

5
 www.google.com www.google.com

We send our mails through post We send messages through the

office. It takes several days to computer. It takes only a few
receive. seconds before they are received.

www.google.com www.google.com

We go to the library to look for We search information on the

information in books. internet.

I. Computer and Its Types

A computer is an electronic machine that processes and stores

information. It takes in raw information using input devices, stores in the
memory until it is ready to be processed in the processing unit and sends out
results using output devices.

www.google.com

6
 Computers are classified into four (4) different types based on its
processing power and size:

THE TYPES OF COMPUTERS

1. Supercomputer is the fastest and most powerful computer in terms of
performance and data processing. It uses its power to run one program at
a time.
Used in:
• Research and exploration
• Weather forecasting
www.google.com
• Nuclear weapon testing
2. Mainframe computer is not as powerful as the supercomputer. It is
designed to run multiple programs concurrently. It is commonly used in:
• Banks
• Educational Institution www.google.com
• Insurance companies
3. Minicomputer, also known as “Midrange” computer fill the space between
the mainframe and microcomputer. It is smaller than Supercomputer or

Mainframe computer but bigger and more powerful than the

microcomputer. They are generally used as mid-range servers.
Some of its uses are as:
• Data Management device
• Communications Portal
• Process Control
www.google.com
7
4. Microcomputer is the most widely used computer – desktop, laptop, tablet, and
smartphone. It is the cheapest among the different classes of computers. This
computer is designed for general usage such as entertainment, education, and work
purposes.

Basic Parts of a Computer System

www.google.com

II. The Elements of Computer System

A computer system is a collection of entities that are designed to
receive, process, manage, and present information in a meaningful
format. It has 3 elements that will make a computer really useful.

A. Hardware refers to the physical, tangible computer equipment and

devices which provide support for major functions such as input,
process, output and storage.

8
1. INPUT DEVICES are composed of a device that accepts data and instructions
from the user or from another computer system.

Keyboard Mouse Scanner Microphone

www.google.com
a. Keyboard
A computer keyboard is an input device used to enter characters and
functions into the computer system by pressing buttons, or keys. It is the
primary device used to enter text.

b. Mouse
The mouse is another input device used to point and to select objects on
the computer monitor. Using the mouse and keyboard in combination
allows the computer user to accomplish a wide variety of tasks.

c. Scanner
A scanner is used to capture a source document and to convert printed
data or images into an electronic data format that a computer can store
or process as required.

9
 d. Microphone
Microphone is used to input sound that is then stored in a digital form. It
is used for various applications such as adding sound or mixing music to
a multimedia presentation.

2. OUTPUT DEVICE is any piece of computer hardware that displays results. A projector
is an output device that projects an image onto a large surface, such as a white screen or wall
after the computer has processed the input data that has been entered.

3. PROCESS DEVICE is the computer’s circuitry in the system unit. It plays an

important role in processing operations. It is used to process data using
instructions from the program.

a. Motherboard / Mainboard / System Board is the main circuit board of a

computer. It contains all the circuits and components that run the computer.

Monitor Printer Speaker Projector

www.google.com

b. Monitor
A monitor is an electronic visual computer display that includes a screen, circuitry,
and case in which that circuitry is enclosed.

c. Printer
The printer is a device use to print texts and pictures.

d. Speaker
A computer speaker is an output hardware device that produces sound.

e. Projector
A projector is an output device that projects an image onto a large surface,
such as a white screen or wall.

10
f. CPU (Central Processing Unit). The processor is the main “brain” or “heart” of a
computer system. It performs all of the instructions and calculations that are
needed and manages the flow of information through a computer.

g. RAM – (Random Access Memory) RAM is volatile, meaning it holds data only
when the power is on. When the power is off, RAM's contents are lost.

h. Video Card/GPU (Graphics Processing Unit), also called a display card,

graphics card, display adapter, or graphics adapter, is an expansion card
which generates output images to a display device (such as a computer
monitor).

SYSTEM UNIT
The system unit, also known as a "tower" or "chassis," is the main part of a
desktop computer. It encloses the motherboard, CPU, RAM, video card, and other
internal components.

www.google.com

11
 Other Internal Components of the System Unit

a. Power Supply Unit (PSU) is installed in the back corner of the PC case, next
to the motherboard. It converts 220/110vac (standard house power) into DC
voltages that are used by other components in the PC.

b. Heat sink (also commonly spelled heatsink) is a passive heat

exchanger that transfers the heat generated by an electronic or a mechanical
device to a fluid medium, often air or a liquid coolant, where it is dissipated away
from the device, thereby allowing regulation of the device's temperature.

c. Optical Drive is a storage device that uses lasers to read data on the optical
media. There are three types of optical drives: Compact Disc (CD), Digital
Versatile Disc (DVD) and Blu-ray Disc (BD).

4. STORAGE DEVICE stores data and programs. This holds data, information, and
programs permanently.

a. Magnetic Storage
1. Hard Disk Drive (HDD), also known as hard drive, is a magnetic
storage device that is installed inside the computer. The hard drive is used as
permanent storage for data.

www.google.com

12
 2. Floppy Disk is a removable data storage magnetic medium that is
housed in a rigid plastic cartridge measuring 3.5 inches square and
about 2 millimeters thick. It is also called a "3.5-inch diskette" that
can store up to 1.44 megabytes (MB) of data.

www.google.com

b. Optical Storage

1. BD (Blu-ray Disc) is simply called as Blu-Ray, a digital optical disc

data storage format. It was designed to supersede the DVD format
and is capable of storing several hours of video in high definition.

www.google.comwww.go
ogle.com
2. CD (Compact Disc), also called optical disc, is a nonmagnetic,
polished metal disk used to store digital information. The disc is
read by the CD- ROM.

www.google.com

13
 3. DVD (Digital Versatile Disc) is an optical disc technology with a
4.7 gigabyte storage capacity on a single-sided, one-layered disk,
which is enough for a 133-minute movie.

c. Flash Memory
www.google.com

1. Solid State Drive is a storage medium that uses non-volatile

memory.

www.google.com

2. Memory Card is a solid-state electronic flash memory data

storage device used with digital cameras, handheld and
tablet/mobile computers and other electronics.

3. USB Flash Drive is a plug-and-play portable storage device that uses flash
memory and is lightweight enough to attach to a key chain. A USB
drive can be used in place of a floppy disk, Zip drive
disk, or CD.

www.google.com

14
B. Software refers to the collection of electronic instructions that tell the computer
what to do. It is a computer program that is installed in your computer. The diagram
below shows the classification of software.

Kinds of Computer Software

1. System Software coordinates the activities and functions of hardware and

software. It controls the operations of computer hardware and provides an
environment or platform for all the other types of software to work in. It is the most
basic type of software in any computer system, which is essential for other
programs, applications and the whole computer system to function.

a. Operating System is the program that, after being initially loaded into
computer by a boot program, manages all the other programs in a
computer.
Examples: Microsoft Windows, Mac OS, Linux, Ubuntu

www.google.com
b. Utility Programs are small, powerful programs with a limited capability. They
are usually operated by the user to maintain a smooth running of the computer
system.

15
 2. Application Software is a computer program that performs a specific task.
(Application software examples: MS Office, OpenOffice, Media Players, MS
Access, educational software, media development software, Antivirus
software, etc.)

C. People ware. The most important element of a computer system is its users. The
following types of people interact with a computer system:

1. System Analysts - are people who design the operation and

processing of the system.
2. System Programmers – are people who write codes and
programs to implement the working of the system.
3. System Operators – are people who operate the system and
use it for different purposes. They are also called the end users
like students, teachers, and other professionals.

III. HOW DOES THE COMPUTER WORK?

A. Data are raw facts about things, events, or activities that are captured,
recorded, and stored on the computer. These can be in the form of
words, numbers, or pictures.

Data become information when these have been arranged or

organized to be of use and of meaning to the user.

INPUT In this step, data are entered into the computer through input
devices, such as keyboard and mouse.
PROCESS is the computer’s method of analyzing, managing, or
manipulating data. The data entered into the computer
undergo changes. The Central Processing Unit (CPU) directs
the operation of the input and output devices to create the
needed information.
OUTPUT You get the output once the computer is finished processing
the data. It could be displayed on the monitor, printed on
paper, or heard through speakers.
16
 B. STORAGE The processed data are kept for future use. We use
Hard Disk Drive to store the information.

www.google.com

Common Computer Applications Used in Performing Computer

Related Duties

1. Microsoft Office Application – is a package application developed by

Microsoft and is intended to be used in offices and schools.
a. MS Word – is a word processing application used for creating
documents such as letters, brochures, activity programs, and
learning activities.

www.google.com
b. MS Excel – is a spreadsheet program ideal for entering, calculating,
and analyzing numeric data such as sales figures, sales taxes, and
students’ grades.

www.google.com
c. MS PowerPoint – is a presentation tool that uses graphical
approach to presentation in the form of slides. Its primary function is
to help a presenter delivers its presentation effectively.

www.google.com
2. Photo Editing Software – is commonly used in editing and enhancing
photos that would give you an excellent output.

www.google.com
3. Video Editing Software – is used to edit movies or video clips.

www.google.com
16
 4. Web Browser – is an application used to access information on the
World Wide Web. Web browsers interpret and display HTML web
pages, applications, JavaScript, and other content hosted on web
servers in the form of text, pictures, audio, and video.

www.google.com
Search Engine is a program that enables the users to search for documents or information
on the World Wide Web.

How to search information on the World Wide Web?

1. Click a browser that you want to use – Chrome, Firefox or Edge.
2. Type the search engine that you want to use in the web browser’s URL
(Uniform Resource Locator) and press the Enter key.

Address bar
Bookmark

Search tab

*To bookmark a page, just click the star icon on the right side of the
browser.
3. Use the search tab or the address bar of your search engine to find
information on the web.
When searching for an information on the web, the results are
categorized – All, Images, Videos, Maps, News, More,

17
www.google.com

18
 What’s More

Activity 3: Name Game

Directions: Name the following computer hardware & software. Write your answer in your
TLE CSS Activity Notebook.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

19
 What’s More

Activity 4: Classification
Directions: Classify the following devices. Write ID for input device, PD for
process device, OD for output device and SD for storage device.
Write your answer in your TLE CSS Activity Notebook.
1. Mouse
2. Printer
3. Monitor
4. USB Flash Drive
5. Speaker
6. Hard Disk Drive
7. Keyboard
8. SSD
9. Scanner
10. GPU

20
 What I Have Learned
Directions: In your TLE CSS Activity Notebook, fill in the blanks with the missing
words to complete the sentences.

1. A is an electronic machine that processes

information. It takes in raw information using devices,
stores in the memory until it is ready to be processed in the
processing unit and sends out re su l t s u s i n g
devices.
2. A is a collection of entities that
are designed to receive, process, manage and present
information in a meaningful format. It has three elements:
, , and
.
3. A computer refers to the physical,
tangible computer equipment and devices which provides
support for major functions such as , process,
, and storage.
4. Keyboard, mouse, scanner, and microphone are
devices.
5. Monitor, printer, speaker, and projector are
devices.
6. Motherboard, CPU, RAM, and GPU are
devices.
7. Computer device store data and programs.
8. A computer refers to the collection of electronic
instructions that tells the computer what to do.
9. A browser is an application used to access
information on the World Wide Web.

21
 What I Can Do

Activity 6: Search Me
Directions: In this activity, you will apply your Internet browsing and Internet
search skills. Complete the following activities, and write your
answers in your TLE CSS Activity Notebook.
1. Select a search engine, and search for information on the uses
of the Internet. Use at least three different keywords to search
for the information. Bookmark one web page that you think is
relevant.
Keywords used:

URLS for the first three results on the search page:

URLS bookmarked by you with your reason for bookmarking

the website

2. Go to http://www.xe.com/, and find the exchange rate of 1

US Dollar ($) in peso.
Exchange rate for 1 $ =
3. Go to www.wikipedia.com, and find an article on a
prominent person who was in the news recently.
Name of the Person:
Wikipedia Link:

22
 Assessment

Test I. TRUE or FALSE

Directions: Read the statements carefully. Then, write TRUE if the statement
is correct, and write FALSE if it is wrong. Write your answers in
your TLE CSS Activity Notebook.

1. In this digital world, having the knowledge and skills

in computer servicing is the start and most fundamental
of all.
2. The computer system is a collection of entities like
hardware, software and electricity.
3. The system unit is the main part of a desktop
computer.
4. Software refers to the collection of electronic
instructions that tell the computer what to do.

5. Make sure the pins are misaligned when connecting

a cable connector.

Test II. Multiple Choice

Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write your answer in your
TLE CSS Activity Notebook.
6. The numbers, letters, and symbols that you enter into the computer
are called .
A. Data C. Facts

B. Knowledge D. Information
7. The computer takes data and works on them. This is called

A. Input C. Processing
B. Output D. Storage

23
8. The part of the computer that processes data is the

A. Mouse C. Printer
B. Keyboard D. CPU
9. When the computer finished processing data. You get

A. Input C. Data
B. Output D. Numbers
10. Information produced by the computer can be stored on_______.
A. Hard Disk C. Mouse
B. Monitor D. Keyboard
11. __________ is an electronic machine that processes information.
A. Computer C. Video Card
B. Motherboard D. People ware
12. __________ is the main circuitry board of the computer.
A. Keyboard C. Power Supply
B. Motherboard D. System Fan
13. __________ is the brain of the computer.
A. CPU C. FDD
B. RAM D. HDD
14. __________ is the primary storage of the computer.
A. RAM C.HDD
B. CPU D.SSD
15. It is an application used to access information in the World Wide
Web.
A. MSWord C, Web Browser
B. Windows Defenders D. Search Engine

24
 Additional Activities
Activity 6. Finger Keyboarding Assignment
Directions: In your TLE CSS Activity Notebook, draw a diagram of proper
hand position using a keyboard, and label each finger with the
keys assigned.

25
 6
2

Answer Keys

Activity 3 Activity 1 What I Know

1. ID 1. library 1. True
2. OD 2. shop 2. True
3. OD 3. office 3. False
4. SD 4. store 4. False
5. OD 5. school 5. True
6. SD 6. factory 6. False
7. ID 7. home 7. False
8. SD 8. bank 8. False
9. ID 9. laboratory 9. True
10. ID 10. outer space 10. True
11. True
Activity 2
12. True
1. Scanner
13. True
2. RAM
14. True
3. HDD
15. False
4. Optical Drive
5. Mouse