International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD)

Volume 6 Issue 6, September-October 2022 Available Online: www.ijtsrd.com e-ISSN: 2456 – 6470

Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Exercise during

Pregnancy among Antenatal Mothers at Kondenchery
Mrs. C. Muthulakshmi1, G. Girthiga2, M. Rishikesh2, A. Tharani2
1
M.Sc., (N), Ph.D. Associate Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecological Nursing, 2B.Sc(N),
1,2
Saveetha College of Nursing, SIMATS, Thandalam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India

ABSTRACT How to cite this paper: Mrs. C.

AIM: the present study aims to assess the knowledge, attitude and Muthulakshmi | G. Girthiga | M.
practice exercise during pregnancy among antenatal mothers at Rishikesh | A. Tharani "Knowledge,
kondenchery. METHODS AND MATERIALS: A quantitative Attitude and Practice Exercise during
research design was used for the present study. A total 30 samples Pregnancy among Antenatal Mothers at
Kondenchery" Published in International
were collected using convenience sampling technique. The
Journal of Trend in
demographic variable and clinical variables was assessed by Scientific Research
structured questionarie, and data was gathered and analyzed. and Development
RESULTS: results showes that they were mostly written media (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-
(49.1%, n =54) and electronic media (48.2%, n=53). Midwives 6470, Volume-6 |
(40.9%, n=45) and nurses (37.3%, n=41) had also contributed. Issue-6, October
CONCLUSION: The knowledge of our women on exercise during 2022, pp.2193- IJTSRD52205
pregnancy Was less than average, and their attitude was favourable. 2200, URL:
The main reason for poor knowledge was inadequate Education. www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd52205.pdf
Very few were actually practicing exercise in Pregnancy. The main
attributable reason for the reduced Practice was a lack of awareness Copyright © 2022 by author(s) and
International Journal of Trend in
on the merits and demerits Of exercise in pregnancy.
Scientific Research and Development
KEYWORDS: antenatal mothers, attitude, practice, knowledge Journal. This is an
Open Access article
distributed under the
terms of the Creative Commons
Attribution License (CC BY 4.0)
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0)

INTRODUCTION
Knowledge is a fact, information, and skills acquired Behaviour is a response to things that are happening:
through experience or education; the theoretical or (internally) thoughts and feelings. (Externally) the
practical understanding of a subject Lack knowledge. environment, including other people. Objectives of
Arrogance, Defensiveness, Impatience, Rigid behavior. A behavioral objective is a learning
mindset, Lack of perspective. Source of knowledge outcome stated in measurable terms, which gives
experience, authority, deductive reasoning, inductive direction to the learner's experience and becomes the
reasoning, and the scientific approach. Educational basis for student evaluation. Objectives may vary in
level is the information that teacher teach and several respects. They may be general or specific,
students are expected to learn in given subject or concrete or abstract, cognitive, affective,
content area. Attitude is a feeling or way of thinking psychomotor. Types of behavior Aggressive, Passive.
that affects a person's behavior a positive attitude Exercise is any bodily activity that enhances or
change your attitude. a way of positioning the body or maintains physical fitness and overall health and
its parts an erect attitude He bowed in an attitude of wellness. It is performed for various reasons, to aid
respect. attitude. causes for attitude We don’t want to growth and improve strength, develop muscles and
be disappointed. We've had role models (possibly our the cardiovascular system, hone athletic skills, weight
parents) with negative attitudes. Wedont want to be loss or maintenance, improve health, or simply for
rejected. We think in black and white terms. We set enjoyment. Purpose of exercise physical activity can
unrealistic expectations or try to change too much at improve your muscle strength and boost your
one time. Behavior is how someone act. It is what endurance. Exercise delivers oxygen and nutrients to
person does to make something happen, to make your tissues and helps your cardiovascular system
something change or to keep things the same. work more efficiently. And when your heart and lung

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 International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
health improve, you have more energy to tackle daily MATERIALS AND METHODS
chores Regardless of the importance of physical A quantitative research approach with non-
exercise, some pregnant women and health care experimental descriptive design research design was
providers are concerned that regular physical exercise used for the study. Before commencing the data
during pregnancy may cause fetal risks, but studies collection, authorized setting permission was obtained
showed except vigorous physical activity under from the higher authority of selected community area
dehydrated conditions and exercise in the supine kondenchery the study was conducted. A total of 30
position, antenatal exercise is beneficial to pregnant postnatal mothers in kondenchery who met the
women and fetus. It is very important to create inclusion criteria were selected as study participants
awareness about benefits and contraindication and by using convenient sampling technique.
engage in physical exercise to compact pregnancy-
The purpose of study was explained by the
related complications. Moreover, it can give insight
investigator to each of the study participants and a
and baseline data for policymakers, the health care
written informed consent was obtained from them.
providers for future planning and emphasizing or
The demographic data and clinical variable was
developing antenatal physical exercise guidelines by
collected by structured questionarie was collected to
integrating into maternity health service.
evaluate the knowledge of postnatal mothers which
includes following the given schedule and
journalising and analyzed by using descriptive and
inferential statistics.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
SECTION A: DESCRIPTION OF THE DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLES OF CLIENTS WITH
ANTENATL MOTHERS.
Table 1: Frequency and percentage distribution of demographic variables of clients with
antenatalmothers
Socio-demographic and pregnancyrelated details Characteristics No (%)
Primipara 41(37.3%)
Parity
Multipara 69(62.7%)
20-30weeks 26(23.6%)
Period of amenorrhoea
31-40weeks 84(76.4%)
25 years or less 34(31%)
Age
26 years or more 76(69%)
Buddhist 45(41%)
Religion
Non Buddhist 65(59%)
Uptograde11orless 5(4.5%)
Level of highest education
Morethangrade11 105(95.5%)
Housewife 86(78.2%)
Occupation during pregnancy
Doing a job 24(21.8%)
25000 or less 49(44.5%)
Average monthly family income
Morethan25000 61(55.5%)
No children 42(38.2%)
Number of living children
Having children 68(61.8%)
Yes 68(61.8%)
Living with extended family
No 42(38.2%)
Colombo district 58(52.7%)
District of residence
Other 52(47.3%)
Yes 57(51.8%)
Has been recommended antenatal exercises
No 53(48.2%)
The table 1 shows that The response rate was 91.7% (110/120). Most of the mothers were in the age categoryof
26-30 years while 30.9% (n=34) were less than 26 years old. A great majority (80.9%, n=89) of the population
was housewives. Most indicated that they were educated up to grade 6-11 (57.3%, n=63). A majority (40.9%,
n=40) was Buddhists while 33.6% (n=42) were Muslims and 25.5% (n=28) of the population were Christians.
Approximately half (47.3%, n=52) of pregnant mothers were resident out of Colombo district and a majority
(61.8%, n=6) was living with extended family.

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A majority of the pregnant mothers were multiparous (62.72%, n=69) with 61.81% (n=68) having living children.
Approximately half 50.9% (n=56) of the pregnant mothers, were in the POA category of 31-40 weeks.
On inquiry it revealed that, approximately half of the pregnant mothers (51.8 %, n=57) had been recommended
to perform antenatal exercises during the current pregnancy. A majority of the pregnant mothers (48.2%, n=53)
have been recommended to perform walking as an exercise while 30.9% (n=34) of pregnant mothers have been
recommended to perform exercises to ankles and toes.
Table 2: Distribution of mothers who demonstrated accurate knowledge regarding different aspects of
antenatal exercises
Aspects of antenatal exercises assessed No. %
Contraindications for exercises during pregnancy 39 35.5
Precautions for exercises during pregnancy 92 83.6
Recommended frequency of exercises during pregnancy 30 27.3
Correct posture of standing during pregnancy. 36 32.7
Importance of performing breathing exercises 57 51.8
Importance of ankles/toes exercises to reduce swelling in ankles 83 75.5
Importance of ankles/toes exercises to prevent varicoseveins during pregnancy 41 37.3
Importance of pelvic floor strengthening exercises 7 6.4
Importance of pelvic floor strengthening exercises doing before and after the pregnancy 5 4.5
Importance of abdominal muscles strengthening exercise 17 15.5
Technique of performing pelvic floor strengthening exercises 6 5.5
Technique of abdominal muscles strengthening exercise 4 3.6
Technique of performing breathing exercises 38 34.5
Technique of performing relaxation exercise 13 11.8
Results of the assessment of knowledge on antenatal exercises are shown in Table 2 Only 27.3% (n=30) of
pregnant mothers knew the recommended frequency of antenatal exercises as performing daily or at least 3 days
a week to get the expected health benefits. Though a majority of pregnant mothers (75.5%, n=83) knew the
importance of exercises for ankles and toes during pregnancy as maintaining good circulation and reducing the
swelling in the legs, only 37.3% (n=41) knew the importance of performing the same exercise to prevent
varicose veins during pregnancy. Only 6.4% (n=7) knew the importance of pelvic floor strengthening exercises
as helping to avoid occurrence of uncontrollable leakage of urine when laughing or sneezing. A minority
(5.5%, n=6) knew the technique of pelvic floor strengthening exercises as tightening the muscles around the
vaginal and urethral opening as we are trying to hold the need of defecation and urination. Only 4.5% (n=5) of
the pregnant mothers knew the importance of doing this exercise before, during and after the pregnancy. The
sources of information of pregnant mothers on antenatal exercises was inquired into and results showed that they
were mostly written media (49.1%, n =54) and electronic media (48.2%, n=53). Midwives (40.9%, n=45) and
nurses (37.3%, n=41) had also contributed.

Figure 1: Distribution of pregnant mothers by the overall knowledge and practices related to
antenatalexercises

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Figure 2: Distribution of pregnant mothers by the overall attitudes related to antenatal exercises
Table 3: Distribution of mothers by their attitudes regarding antenatal exercise
Attitudes regarding antenatal Stronglyagree Agree Uncertain Disagree Stronglydis-
exercise No. (%) No. (%) No. (%) No. (%) Agree No. (%)
Whether a pregnant woman does
the recommended antenatal
4(3.6) 18(16.4) 7(6.4) 40(36.4) 41(37.3)
exercises during pregnancy or
not, will not affect labour
Though the recommended
exercises make the labour easy,it
5(4.5) 14(12.7) 11(10) 44(40) 36(32.7)
may also harm to the baby in
some way.
Pregnant mothers performing
physical exercises does not suit 5(4.5) 7(6.4) 8(7.3) 47(42.7) 43(39.1)
our culture
Any pregnant mother can
perform exercises without the
5(4.5) 17(15.5) 5(4.5) 33(30) 50(45.5)
advices and recommendations of
healthcare professionals
During pregnancy the priority
should be improvement of
2(1.8) 14(12.7) 8(7.3) 49(44.5) 37(33.6)
nutrition and the rest and not
physical exercises
Performing day to day
household activities gives
adequate physical exercises to
17(15.5) 22(20) 7(6.4) 44(40) 20(18.2)
pregnant women and they do not
have to perform recommended
exercises duringpregnancy
Table 3 shows the attitudes of pregnant mothers regarding performing antenatal exercises.
The statement “Though the recommended exercises make labour easy, it may also harm to baby in some way”
was disagreed by 40% (n=44) and strongly disagreed by 32.7% (n=36) of the mothers. Responses to the
attitudinal statement “Performing day to day household activities gives adequate physical exercises to pregnant
women and they do not have to perform recommended exercises during pregnancy” was disagreed by 40.0%
(n=44) and strongly disagreed by 18.2% (n=20).

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Table 4: Distribution of mothers by whether they perform exercise
Performing more than 3 Performing less than 3 times
Performing exercises
times a week NO. (%) a week or not at all NO. (%)
Walking 50(45.5) 24(21.8)
Ankle, toe exercises 26(23.6) 63(57.3)
Abdominal strengtheningexercises 1(0.9) 105(95.5)
Pelvic floor strengtheningexercises 5(4.5) 102(92.7)
Breathing exercises 19(17.3) 81(73.6)
Relaxation exercises 6(5.5) 96(87.3)
Results of the assessment of performance of antenatal exercises are shown in Table 4.
Only 45.5% (n=50) of pregnant mothers were doing ‘walking’ as an exercise more than three times a week. Only
about one fourth (23.6%, n=26) of pregnant mothers were practicing exercise for ankles and toes and 17.3%
(n=19) were practicing breathing exercise more than three times a week.
Pelvic floor muscle strengthening exercises were performed more than three times a week only by 4.5% (n=5) of
pregnant mothers. The least performed exercises among pregnant mothers was abdominal strengthening exercise
(0.9%, n=1).
Table 5: Association of socio-demographic and pregnancy related char acteristics and overall
knowledge regarding antenatal exercises among pregnant mothers.
OVERALL KNOWLEDGE
Socio-demographic And
Characteristics Poor no Good/Excellent SIGNIFICANCE
pregnancy related details
(%) no (%)
Primipara 28(35%) 13(43.3%) χ 2 =0.648, df=1
Parity
Multipara 52(65%) 17(56.7%) p=0.421
20-30weeks 19(23.8%) 7(23.3%) χ 2 =0.002, df=1
Period of amenorrhoea
31-40weeks 61(76.2%) 23(76.7%) p=0.963
25 years or less 28(35%) 6(20%) χ 2 =2.299, df=1
Age
26 years or more 52(65%) 24(80%) p=0.129
Buddhist 30(37.5%) 15(50%) χ2=1.410, df=1
Religion
Non Buddhist 50(62.5%) 15(50%) p=0.235
Uptograde11orles 5(6.2%) 0 χ2=1.964, df=1
Level of highest education
Morethangrade11 75(93.8%) 30(100%) p=0.161
Housewife 69(86.2%) 20(66.7%) χ2=5.417, df=1
Occupation duringpregnancy
Doing a job 11(13.8%) 10(33.3%) p=0.020
Average monthly family 25000 or less 36(45%) 44(55%) χ2=0.025, df=1
income Morethan25000 13(43.3%) 17(56.7%) p=0.876
No children 29(36.2%) 13(43.3%) χ2=0.464, df=1
Number of living children
Having children 51(63.7%) 17(56.7%) p=0.496
Yes 51(63.7%) 17(56.7%) χ2=0.464, df=1
Living with extended family
No 29(36.3%) 13(43.3%) p=0.496
Colombo district 47(58.7%) 11(36.7%) χ2=4.269, df=1
District of residence
Other 33(41.3%) 19(63.3%) p=0.039
Has been recommended Yes 39(48.7%) 18(60%) χ2=1.106, df=1
antenatal exercises No 41(51.3%) 12(40%) p=0.293
Doing a job during pregnancy was significantly associated with possessing a ‘Good/Excellent’ level of
knowledge on antenatal exercises among pregnant mothers (p=0.02). Similarly, living in a district other than
Colombo was also associated significantly with ‘Good/Excellent’ level of knowledge regarding antenatal
exercises (p=0.039).

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Table 6: Relationship between socio-demographic characteristics and attitudes regarding antenatal
exercises
Socio-demographic Attitude score
And pregnancy related Characteristics Somewhat Favourable SIGNIFICANCE
details favourable no (%) no (%)
Primipara 9 (52.9%) 32 (34.4%) χ2=2.111, df=1
Parity
Multipara 8 (47.1%) 61 (65.6%) p=0.146
20-30weeks 6(35.3%) 20 (21.5%) χ2=1.514, df=1
Period of amenorrhoea
31-40weeks 11(64.7%) 73 (78.5%) p=0.219
25 years or less 8 (47.1%) 26 (28.0%) χ2=2.456, df=1
Age
26 years or more 9 (52.9%) 67 (72.0%) p=0.117
Buddhist 4 (23.5%) 41 (44.1%) χ2=2.512, df=1
Religion
Non Buddhist 13 (76.5%) 52 (55.9%) p=0.113
Level of highest Uptograde11orles 1 (5.9%) 4 (4.3%) χ2=0.083, df=1
education Morethangrade11 16(94.1%) 89 (95.7%) p=0.773
Occupation during Housewife 14(82.4%) 75(80.6%) χ2=0.027, df=1
pregnancy Doingajob 3(17.6%) 18(19.4%) p=0.869
Average monthly family 25000 or less 13(76.5%) 36(38.7%) χ2=8.296, df=1
income Morethan25000 4(23.5%) 57(61.3%) p=0.004
Number of living No children 9 (52.9 %) 33(35.5%) χ2=1.856, df=1
children Having children 8(47.1%) 60(64.5%) p=0.173
Living with extended Yes 11(64.7%) 57(61.3%) χ2=0.071, df=1
family No 6(35.3%) 36(38.7%) p=0.790
Colombo district 11(64.7%) 47(50.5%) χ2=1.158, df=1
District of residence
Other 6(35.3%) 46(49.5%) p=0.282
Has been recommended Yes 9(52.9%) 48(51.6%) χ2=0.010, df=1
antenatal exercises No 8(47.1%) 45(48.4 %) p=0.920
Having an average family monthly income of Rs. 25000 or more was significantly associated with possessing
‘somewhat favourable/favourable’ attitudes on antenatal exercises among pregnant mothers (p=0.004).
Table 7: Relationship between socio-demographic characteristics and practices regarding
antenatalexercises
Practice score
Socio-demographic and
Characteristics Inadequate Good
pregnancy related details Significance
No. (%) No. (%)
Primi para 35(35.7%) 6(50.0%) χ2=0.933, df=1
Parity
Multi para 63(64.3%) 6(50.0%) p=0.334
20- 30 weeks 23(23.5%) 3(25.0%) χ2=0.014, df=1
Period of amenorrhoea
31-40 weeks 75(76.5%) 9(75.0%) P=0.906
25 years or less 30(30.6%) 4(33.3%) χ2=0.037, df=1
Age
26 years or more 68(69.4%) 8(66.7%) p=0.847
Buddhist 38(38.8%) 7(58.3%) χ2=1.692, df=1
Religion
Non Buddhist 60(61.2%) 5(41.7%) p=0.193
Up to grade 11 or less 5(5.1%) 0(0.0%) χ2=0.641, df=1
Level of highest education
More than grade 11 93(94.9%) 12(100.0%) p=0.423

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Occupation during Housewife 76(80.6%) 10(83.3%) χ2=0.051, df=1

pregnancy Doing a job 19(19.4%) 2(16.7%) p=0.821
Average monthly family 25000 or less 42(42.9%) 7(58.3%) χ2=1.037, df=1
income More than 25000 56(57.1%) 5(41.7%) p=0.309
No children 36(36.7%) 6(50.0%) χ2=0.797, df=1
Number of living children
Having children 62(63.3%) 6(50.0%) p=0.372
Yes 60(61.2%) 8(66.7%) χ2=0.134, df=1
Living with extended family
No 38(38.8%) 4(33.3%) p=0.714
Colombo district 55(56.1%) 3(25%) χ2=4.154, df=1
District of residence
Other 43(43.9%) 9(75%) p=0.042
Has been recommended Yes 49(50%) 8(66.7%) χ2=1.189, df=1
antenatal exercises No 49(50%) 4(33.3%) p=0.275
Living in a district other than Colombo was also associated significantly with a ‘Good’ level of practices
regarding antenatal exercises (p=0.042).
Conclusion
The knowledge of our women on exercise during University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.
pregnancy Was less than average, and their attitude Canadian guidelines for exercise in pregnancy.
was favourable. The main reason for poor knowledge
[6] ACOG Committee Obstetric Practice. ACOG
was inadequate Education. Very few were actually
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practicing exercise in Pregnancy. The main
2002: Exercise during pregnancy and the
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ACKNOWELEDGEMENT activity during pregnancy.
Authors would like to appreciate all the study
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study successfully. and practice of women in Campinas, São Paulo,
Brazil with respect to physical exercise in
CONFLICTS OF INTEREST pregnancy: A descriptive study.
Authors declare no conflicts of interest.
[9] Owe KM, Nystad W, Bø K. Correlates of
FINANCIAL SUPPORT AND SPONSORSHIP regular exercise during pregnancy: The
None
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