Physics Lab Report 2

NAME : VINNAAVEANN A/L VEERAPPAN
MATRIX NO. :MS2111100283

GROUP :
EXPERIMENT 2 : FREE FALL MOTION
LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the end of this lesson, students should be able to:
i. determine the acceleration due to gravity, g using free fall motion.
THEORY
Figure 3.2 Experiment Free Fall Motion Set Up

When a body of mass, m falls freely from a certain height, h above the ground, it
experiences a linear motion. The body will obey the equation of motion,
GROUP :
By substituting the following into equation 3.4,

s = –h (downward displacement of the body from the falling point
to the ground)
u = 0 (the initial velocity of the body)
a = –g (the downward acceleration due to gravity) we obtain
APPARATUS
A smart phone with Phyphox app
A measuring tape/metre rule
A click ball pen Cellophane tape/binding tape/plasticine
A metal paper clip/marble/steel ball
A vertical wall
A pair of scissors or a cutter
PROCEDURE
1.Phyphox Physical Phone Experiments by RWTH Aachen University application
was installed from App Store (requires iOS 9.0 or later)
https://apps/apple.com/us/app/phyphox/id1127319693 or Google Play store
(Android) https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=de.rwth_aachen.phyphox
2. Apparatus was set up as in Figure 3.2. A picture of the complete set up was taken.
The picture was then attached in the laboratory report.
3. The Phyphox application was launched. It was scrolled to Timers section in the
main menu and ‘Acoustic Stopwatch’ was chosen.
4.The threshold value was set as 0.04 a.u. and Minimum Delay was set as 0.2s
under the SIMPLE tab.
5. The falling distance was set to h = 45cm. h was recorded.
6. The play button was tapped to start the Acoustic Stopwatch.
7.The click ball pen was pressed, and the object was let fall.
8.The falling time, t measured by the Acoustic Stopwatch was recorded. RESET
button was pressed to clear the reading. The process was repeated to obtain the
average falling time.
GROUP :
9. Steps (5) to (8) was repeated for h=55, 65, 75, 85, and 95 cm.
10. The data was tabulated.
11. A graph of h against 𝑡𝑡 2 was plotted.
12.The acceleration due to gravity, g was determined from the gradient of the graph.
13. The acceleration due to gravity, g obtained from the experiment was compared
with the standard value. Comments were written on the subject.
OBSERVATION
Object used: Metal paper clip
No of Falling Falling time, 𝑡𝑡
readings distance, ℎ (±0.001 s) taverage 𝑡𝑡 2
(± 0.1 cm) 𝑡𝑡1 𝑡𝑡2 𝑡𝑡3 (s) ( s2 )
1 45.0 0.353 0.326 0.344 0.341 0.116

2 55.0 0.389 0.368 0.393 0.383 0.147
3 65.0 0.403 0.412 0.409 0.408 0.166
4 75.0 0.423 0.433 0.444 0.433 0.187
5 85.0 0.467 0.458 0.462 0.462 0.213
6 95.0 0.492 0.489 0.482 0.488 0.238
The best picture

GROUP :
Data Analysis
0.116 + 0.147 + 0.166 + 0.187 + 0.213 + 0.238

𝑡𝑡2 = = 0.178 𝑠𝑠2
6
45.0 + 55.0 + 65.0 + 75.0 + 85.0 + 95.0
ℎ= = 70.0 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐
6
∴ Centroid (0.178 𝑠𝑠 2 ,70.0 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 )
Plot graph of h against t2.

GROUP :
Decimal Place
0.020𝑠𝑠 2
x axis: = 0.001𝑠𝑠 2 ( 3 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝)
20
10.0
y axis: = 0.5𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 (1 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝)
20
𝑦𝑦 −𝑦𝑦 70.0−19.0
Gradient, 𝑚𝑚 = 𝑥𝑥2−𝑥𝑥1 = 0.178−0.060
= 432.2 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝑠𝑠 −2 = 4.32 𝑚𝑚 𝑠𝑠 −2
2 1
Using least square method, uncertainty of gradient, ∆𝑚𝑚 = 0.86 𝑚𝑚 𝑠𝑠 −2
1
Refer equation 2.2 : h = 2 𝑔𝑔𝑡𝑡 2
Compare with straight line equation : 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 + 𝑐𝑐
GROUP :
y m x + c
1
h 𝑔𝑔 t2 + 0
2
1
Gradient, 𝑚𝑚 = 2 𝑔𝑔
𝑔𝑔 = 2𝑚𝑚 = 2( 4.32 ) = 8.64 𝑚𝑚 𝑠𝑠 −2

𝑈𝑈𝑈𝑈𝑈𝑈𝑈𝑈𝑈𝑈𝑈𝑈𝑈𝑈𝑈𝑈𝑈𝑈𝑈𝑈𝑈𝑈, ∆𝑔𝑔 = 2∆𝑚𝑚 = 2( 0.86 ) = 1.72 𝑚𝑚 𝑠𝑠 −2
Acceleration due to gravity, 𝑔𝑔 = (8.64 ± 1.72) 𝑚𝑚 𝑠𝑠 −2
|𝑔𝑔𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 −𝑔𝑔𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 |
Percentage of difference = × 100%
𝑔𝑔𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠
| 8.64 − 9.81|
= × 100% = 11.93 %
9.81
DISCUSSION
The objective of this experiment is to determine acceleration due to gravity, 𝑔𝑔

of an object using free fall motion. Free fall motion is motion downwards caused by
acceleration due to gravity, g only with no other external force. The theoretical value
of acceleration due to gravity, 𝑔𝑔 is 9.81𝑚𝑚𝑠𝑠 −2 . The percentage of difference of this
experiment is 11.93% which indicates that this experiment is unsuccessful. There are
errors done that caused inaccuracies in results of this experiment. One of those errors
are parallax error which happened when reading was taken on measuring tape. This
error can be prevented by making sure our eyes are perpendicular to the reading while
taking it. Furthermore, another error is noise interruption when taking reading for falling
time using the Phyphox application in a smart phone. This can be prevented by
performing this experiment in a quiet place with minimal noise because the smart
phone is very sensitive to sound and may cause inaccurate reading. Moreover, air
resistance caused by a fan may affect the falling time of an object. This can be
overcame by switching off fans or any windows in the vicinity of the experiment during
the experiment.
GROUP :
CONCLUSION
1. The acceleration due to gravity, g =( 8.64 ± 1.72 ) m s-2 with percentage of

difference = 11.93 %

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NAME : VINNAAVEANN A/L VEERAPPAN

MATRIX NO. :MS2111100283

EXPERIMENT 2 : FREE FALL MOTION

Figure 3.2 Experiment Free Fall Motion Set Up

By substituting the following into equation 3.4,

1 45.0 0.353 0.326 0.344 0.341 0.116

The best picture

0.116 + 0.147 + 0.166 + 0.187 + 0.213 + 0.238

Plot graph of h against t2.

Using least square method, uncertainty of gradient, ∆𝑚𝑚 = 0.86 𝑚𝑚 𝑠𝑠 −2

𝑔𝑔 = 2𝑚𝑚 = 2( 4.32 ) = 8.64 𝑚𝑚 𝑠𝑠 −2

The objective of this experiment is to determine acceleration due to gravity, 𝑔𝑔

1. The acceleration due to gravity, g =( 8.64 ± 1.72 ) m s-2 with percentage of

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