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    Notes 5.4 Part II Algebra 2 Honors

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    Lia de la melena
    This document discusses rational functions, which are functions whose rules can be written as a ratio of two polynomials. The parent rational function f(x) = 1/x forms a hyperbola with two branches and has a vertical asymptote at x = 0 and a horizontal asymptote at y = 0. Rational functions can be transformed in similar ways as other functions. Examples demonstrate how the values of h and k in transformed functions affect the locations of asymptotes and domain and range. Some rational functions do not form hyperbolas. The document provides examples of identifying zeros, asymptotes, and graphing various rational functions.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Notes 5.4 Part II Algebra 2 Honors

    Uploaded by

    Lia de la melena
    30 views14 pages
    This document discusses rational functions, which are functions whose rules can be written as a ratio of two polynomials. The parent rational function f(x) = 1/x forms a hyperbola with two branches and has a vertical asymptote at x = 0 and a horizontal asymptote at y = 0. Rational functions can be transformed in similar ways as other functions. Examples demonstrate how the values of h and k in transformed functions affect the locations of asymptotes and domain and range. Some rational functions do not form hyperbolas. The document provides examples of identifying zeros, asymptotes, and graphing various rational functions.

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    This document discusses rational functions, which are functions whose rules can be written as a ratio of two polynomials. The parent rational function f(x) = 1/x forms a hyperbola with two branches and has a vertical asymptote at x = 0 and a horizontal asymptote at y = 0. Rational functions can be transformed in similar ways as other functions. Examples demonstrate how the values of h and k in transformed functions affect the locations of asymptotes and domain and range. Some rational functions do not form hyperbolas. The document provides examples of identifying zeros, asymptotes, and graphing various rational functions.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    30 views14 pages

    Notes 5.4 Part II Algebra 2 Honors

    Uploaded by

    Lia de la melena
    This document discusses rational functions, which are functions whose rules can be written as a ratio of two polynomials. The parent rational function f(x) = 1/x forms a hyperbola with two branches and has a vertical asymptote at x = 0 and a horizontal asymptote at y = 0. Rational functions can be transformed in similar ways as other functions. Examples demonstrate how the values of h and k in transformed functions affect the locations of asymptotes and domain and range. Some rational functions do not form hyperbolas. The document provides examples of identifying zeros, asymptotes, and graphing various rational functions.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 14

    2/6/2018

    5-4 Rational Functions

    A rational function is a function whose rule can be


    written as a ratio of two polynomials.

    The parent rational function is f(x) = 1


    x . Its graph
    is a hyperbola, which has two separate branches.
    You will learn more about hyperbolas later in this
    course.

    Holt McDougal Algebra 2

    5-4 Rational Functions

    The function f(x) = 1 has


    x
    a vertical asymptote at
    x = 0 and a horizontal
    asymptote at y = 0.

    Holt McDougal Algebra 2

    1
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    5-4 Rational Functions

    The rational function f(x) = 1 can be transformed


    x
    by using methods similar to those used to
    transform other types of functions.

    Holt McDougal Algebra 2

    5-4 Rational Functions


    Example 1: Transforming Rational Functions
    1
    Using the graph of f(x) = x as a guide, describe
    the transformation and graph each function.

    A. g(x) = 1 B. g(x) = 1 – 3
    x+2 x

    Holt McDougal Algebra 2

    2
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    5-4 Rational Functions


    Check It Out! Example 1
    1
    Using the graph of f(x) = x as a guide, describe
    the transformation and graph each function.

    a. g(x) = 1 b. g(x) = 1 + 1
    x+4 x

    Holt McDougal Algebra 2

    5-4 Rational Functions

    The values of h and k affect the locations of


    the asymptotes, the domain, and the range of
    rational functions whose graphs are hyperbolas.

    Holt McDougal Algebra 2

    3
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    5-4 Rational Functions


    Example 2: Determining Properties of Hyperbolas
    Identify the asymptotes, domain, and range of
    the function g(x) = 1 – 2.
    x+3

    Vertical asymptote:
    Domain:
    Horizontal asymptote:
    Range:
    Check Graph the function on
    a graphing calculator.

    Holt McDougal Algebra 2

    5-4 Rational Functions


    Check It Out! Example 2
    Identify the asymptotes, domain, and range of
    the function g(x) = 1 – 5.
    x–3

    Vertical asymptote:
    Domain:
    Horizontal asymptote:
    Range:
    Check Graph the function on
    a graphing calculator.

    Holt McDougal Algebra 2

    4
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    5-4 Rational Functions

    A discontinuous function is a function


    whose graph has one or more gaps or breaks.
    The hyperbola graphed in Example 2 and
    many other rational functions are
    discontinuous functions.

    A continuous function is a function whose


    graph has no gaps or breaks. The functions
    you have studied before this, including linear,
    quadratic, and polynomial are continuous
    functions.

    Holt McDougal Algebra 2

    5-4 Rational Functions

    The graphs of some rational functions are not


    hyperbolas. Consider the rational function
    f(x) = (x – 3)(x + 2) and its graph.
    x+ 1
    The numerator of this
    function is 0 when x = 3
    or x = –2. Therefore, the
    function has x-intercepts at
    –2 and 3. The denominator
    of this function is 0 when
    x = –1. As a result, the
    graph of the function has a
    vertical asymptote at the
    line x = –1.
    Holt McDougal Algebra 2

    5
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    5-4 Rational Functions

    Holt McDougal Algebra 2

    5-4 Rational Functions


    Example 3: Graphing Rational Functions
    with Vertical Asymptotes
    Identify the zeros and vertical asymptotes of
    f(x) =(x + 3x – 4).
    2

    x+ 3
    Step 1 Find the zeros and vertical asymptotes.

    f(x) = (x + 4)(x – 1) Factor the numerator.


    x+ 3
    The numerator is 0 when
    Zeros: –4 and 1
    x = –4 or x = 1.

    The denominator is 0
    Vertical asymptote: x = –3
    when x = –3.
    Holt McDougal Algebra 2

    6
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    5-4 Rational Functions


    Example 3 Continued
    Identify the zeros and vertical asymptotes of
    f(x) = (x + 3x – 4).
    2

    x+ 3
    Step 2 Graph the function.

    Plot the zeros and draw the


    asymptote. Then make a
    table of values to fill in
    missing points. Vertical
    asymptote: x = –3

    x
    y
    Holt McDougal Algebra 2

    5-4 Rational Functions


    Check It Out! Example 3
    Identify the zeros and vertical asymptotes of
    f(x) = (x + 7x + 6).
    2

    x+ 3
    Step 1 Find the zeros and vertical asymptotes.

    f(x) = (x + 6)(x + 1) Factor the numerator.


    x+ 3
    The numerator is 0 when
    Zeros: –6 and –1
    x = –6 or x = –1 .

    The denominator is 0
    Vertical asymptote: x = –3
    when x = –3.

    Holt McDougal Algebra 2

    7
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    5-4 Rational Functions


    Check It Out! Example 3 Continued
    Identify the zeros and vertical asymptotes of
    f(x) = (x + 7x + 6).
    2

    x+ 3
    Step 2 Graph the function.

    Plot the zeros and draw the


    asymptote. Then make a
    table of values to fill in
    missing points. Vertical
    asymptote: x = –3

    x
    y
    Holt McDougal Algebra 2

    5-4 Rational Functions


    Warm Up (Post 5.4, Part I)
    1
    1. Using the graph of f(x) = x as a guide, describe the
    transformation and graph the function g(x) = 1 .
    x–4

    2. Identify the asymptotes, domain, and range of the


    function g(x) = 5 + 2.
    x–1

    Holt McDougal Algebra 2

    8
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    5-4 Rational Functions

    Some rational functions, including those


    whose graphs are hyperbolas, have a
    horizontal asymptote. The existence and
    location of a horizontal asymptote depends
    on the degrees of the polynomials that make
    up the rational function.

    Note that the graph of a rational function can


    sometimes cross a horizontal asymptote.
    However, the graph will approach the
    asymptote when |x| is large.

    Holt McDougal Algebra 2

    5-4 Rational Functions

    Holt McDougal Algebra 2

    9
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    5-4 Rational Functions


    Example 4A: Graphing Rational Functions with
    Vertical and Horizontal Asymptotes
    Identify the zeros and asymptotes of the
    function. Then graph.
    x2 – 3x – 4
    f(x) =
    x

    Holt McDougal Algebra 2

    5-4 Rational Functions


    Example 4B: Graphing Rational Functions with
    Vertical and Horizontal Asymptotes
    Identify the zeros and asymptotes of the
    function. Then graph.
    x–2
    f(x) =
    x2 – 1

    Holt McDougal Algebra 2

    10
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    5-4 Rational Functions


    Example 4C: Graphing Rational Functions with
    Vertical and Horizontal Asymptotes
    Identify the zeros and asymptotes of the
    function. Then graph.
    4x – 12
    f(x) =
    x– 1

    Holt McDougal Algebra 2

    5-4 Rational Functions


    Check It Out! Example 4a

    Identify the zeros and asymptotes of the


    function. Then graph.

    f(x) = x + 2x – 15
    2

    x–1

    Holt McDougal Algebra 2

    11
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    5-4 Rational Functions


    Check It Out! Example 4b

    Identify the zeros and asymptotes of the


    function. Then graph.
    x–2
    f(x) =
    x2 + x

    Holt McDougal Algebra 2

    5-4 Rational Functions


    Check It Out! Example 4c
    Identify the zeros and asymptotes of the
    function. Then graph.
    f(x) = 3x2 + x
    2

    x –9

    Holt McDougal Algebra 2

    12
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    5-4 Rational Functions

    In some cases, both the numerator and the


    denominator of a rational function will equal 0 for
    a particular value of x. As a result, the function
    will be undefined at this x-value. If this is the
    case, the graph of the function may have a hole.
    A hole is an omitted point in a graph.

    Holt McDougal Algebra 2

    5-4 Rational Functions


    Example 5: Graphing Rational Functions with Holes

    Identify holes in the graph of f(x) = x – 9 .


    2

    x– 3
    Then graph.

    Holt McDougal Algebra 2

    13
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    5-4 Rational Functions


    Check It Out! Example 5

    Identify holes in the graph of f(x) = x


    2 + x – 6
    .
    x– 2
    Then graph.

    Holt McDougal Algebra 2

    14

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