GROUP NUMBER SECTION SUBJECT

7 STEM 12-1P RESEARCH 2

Title:
THE CORRELATION OF GRADE 12 STEM STUDENTS’ SCREENTIME TO PORNOGRAPHIC
CONTENT
Background:
As the pandemic progressed, the majority of pupils studied at home, which increased online
pornography searches in nations where home-bound instruction was the norm (Zattoni et al., 2020).
According to research, there are various reasons why people consume pornography. Boredom relief is
one of the reasons individuals view pornography, which is corroborated by certain empirical data (Bothe
et al., 2021). Pornography is defined as the explicit portrayal of sexual content and is erotic display
material that arouses desire for sexual encounters. (Harkness, Mullan, & Blaszczynsk, 2015).
Additionally, according to Leon-Larios et al. (2019), utilizing sex as a way to deal with emotions
represents people's psychological coping mechanisms in which they seek excitement and pleasure,
which stimulates their physiological elements. Individuals look for ways to escape from a world they
regard as posing meaningless existential risks that arouse passion. They do this by using pornography as
a source of pleasure, gratification, and emotion (Grubbs et al., 2019; Peter & Valkenburg, 2011).

Pornography is defined as a material that is considered sexual in the context and is produced and
distributed with everyone’s consent, with the primary goal of sexually stimulating the consumer
(Ashton, McDonald & Kirkman, 2019). The most popular source for obtaining pornography is the
Internet, followed by videos/DVDs and periodicals (Miller, Raggatt & McBain, 2020). In the study of
Solano, Eaton & O’Leary (2018), men's consumption rates of pornography remained fairly constant
throughout time, ranging between 91 and 99%, whereas women's rates changed more, ranging between
60 and 92%. Watching pornography is one of many reinforcing behaviors that are frequently used to
relieve stress, anxiety, and/or depression (Kiraly et al., 2020). Pornography has both perceived positive
and negative effects on both individuals in relationships and those who are not in relationships,
including both students and non-students (Miller, Kidd & Hald, 2018).
 A study of the brain responses to sexually explicit material has been conducted. As determined
by Brown and Wisco (2019), inquiry showed that the overlap of key areas associated with adolescent
brain development and exposure to sexually explicit material was noteworthy. In a study reported by
Dwulit and Rzymski (2019), constant use and self-discernment habits were accounted for by 10.7% and
15.5%, respectively. The most well-known self-perceived unfavorable impacts of pornography use
included the requirement for longer excitement (12.0%) and more sexual upgrades (17.6%) to arrive at
climax and a reduction in sexual fulfillment (24.5%). From the standpoint of Chavan and Khandagale
(2021), pornography is fuel for the worldwide sex exchange industry. Because of advances in ICT, they
admit that access to pornography is on the tip of their fingers in the modern world, causing psycho-
social well-being among youth. Research indicates that pornography use has been demonstrated to be
related to mental and psychological well-being issues like low confidence, unfortunate life fulfillment,
sensations of individual instabilities, poor quality of life, and discouragement (Kohut & Stulhofer,
2018). Furthermore, as stated by Cheney et al. (2017), young people believe that erotic entertainment
use can occasionally have an excessive influence on their developing sexual personalities and practices. 

Motivation:
People's usage of pornography increased during the pandemic, according to Lau et al. (2021).
That is why researchers are encouraged to examine and comprehend the many aspects (whether good or
bad) that influence how pornographic exposure affects people, primarily SHS students. Researchers also
sought to find out what differing viewpoints the study's respondents had on the topic. Furthermore,
researchers are encouraged to thoroughly analyze the findings in order to establish a correlation between
SHS students' exposure to pornographic content and the ongoing pandemic.

Respondents:
Quantitative: 12 Grade 12 STEM students.

Locale:
Our Lady of Fatima University Pampanga Campus, City of San Fernando.
Research Objectives:
 Researchers are interested in understanding the positive and negative effects of screen time on
pornographic content among Grade 12 STEM students.
 Use correlation analysis to investigate the relationship between the following factors: screen time,
Grade 12 STEM students, and pornographic content.
 Determine the average screen time of Grade 12 STEM students.
 Determine if there is a connection between the Grade 12 students’ screen time and pornographic
content.

Variable Relationships:
 Screen time, Grade 12 STEM students, and pornographic content.
 The main variable that is being changed is the pornographic content, which varies by screening time
and may have an effect on Grade 12 STEM students. It is a covariant variable that depends on how
the pornographic content screening time affects Grade 12 students.
 The correlation between the screening time and the grade 12 STEM students depends on how much
the screening time of the grade 12 STEM students can influence them.
 Pornographic content has a covariant relationship with screen time. When a grade 12 STEM student
spends more screen time watching pornographic content, the student is more likely to be exposed to
pornographic content. 

Research Problem:

The study's goal is to discover the correlations between Grade 12 STEM students' screen time
and pornographic material. This study seeks to provide a solution, a counter-argument, and perspectives
on the detrimental effects of pornography.

In particular, the study intends to answer the following questions:

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

EVIDENCES
AUTHOR/AUTHORS TITLE OF THE STUDY (METHODS CLAIMS
AND ANALYSIS
TECHNIQUE)
Ballester-Arnal,   R.,   “Pornography  and  Consumption Data for this study The study showed
García-Barba, M., in People of Different Age was collected that pornography
Castro-Calvo, J.,     Groups: an Analysis Based on between 2016 and consumption is
Giménez-García,   C.,   Gender, Contents, and 2019 using an Ad somewhat
Gil- Consequences” Hoc protected successive in
Llario, M.D., (2022). online platform. various age groups,
Around 10,000 particularly in men,
people took the and that it scarcely
survey and were differs over the
asked to provide course of life. The
their age and researchers
gender. guaranteed that the
Subsequent obscene substance
studies compared named
individuals in "Normophilic" is
these five age the most often
groups and devoured across all
included an ages. Their findings
exploratory factor showed that
analysis (EFA). pornography is a
Finally, a series of typical thing in the
hierarchical linear populace and is, as
regressions were of now, part of the
run to investigate sexuality of pre-
each pornographic adolescents,
content's adolescents, adults,
predictive capacity and the elderly.
over cybersex Hence, for the
addiction. distinctions found,
particularly
concerning the
gamble of
 compulsion, it is
essential to
consider
generational
contrasts while
adopting inhibitory
strategies and
advancing solid
utilization of the
internet for sexual
purposes.
Burta˘verde, V., Jonason, “Why Do People Watch Porn?, The study used an The study claims
P.K., Giosan, C., & Ene, An Evolutionary Perspective on open-ended that there are four
C., (2021). the Reasons for Pornography questionnaire for main reasons for
Consumption” data collection. watching
And the study pornography. The
used content first is for greater
analysis and sex drive. The
confirmatory second is to
factor analysis for improve sexual
data analysis. performance. The
third is for social
and practical
considerations.
And the fourth one
is because of a
deficiency in
interpersonal and
emotional
competencies.
Camilleri, C., Perry, J.T., “Compulsive Internet The Study The results show a
& Sammut, S., (2021). Pornography Use and Mental conducted an strong correlation
Health: A Cross-Sectional Study anonymous survey between the use of
in a Sample of University for the students of pornography and
Students in the United States” Franciscan mental health,
University of including behaviors
Steubenville in indicative of
Steubenville, behavioral
Ohio. All college addictions,
students from underscoring the
Franciscan need for more
University of research into and
Steubenville over consideration of the
the age of 18 possible impact of
received an internet
anonymous survey pornography on
 that consists of university students'
various poor mental health.
components. The majority of
students said they
used internet-
related technology
to access porn.
Furthermore, 17.0,
20.4, and 13.5% of
students,
respectively,
reported having
severe or extremely
severe levels of
sadness, anxiety, or
tension.
Compulsive
pornography
consumption
significantly
affected all three
mental health
indices in both
sexes.
Dwulit, A.D., & “Prevalence, Patterns and Self- The study The current study
Rzymski, P., (2019). Percieved Effects of conducted an reveals the
Pornography Consumption in anonymous online widespread usage
Polish University Students: A survey, structured of pornography
Cross-Sectional Study” questionnaire was among Polish
done to examine students and
consumption suggests that both
patterns, impacts genders may have
of use that similar
participant consumption
experienced and patterns. When it
how pornography comes to various
is generally seen self-perceived
by Polish negative
university consequences of
students. pornography usage
presenting
themselves in
university students'
ages, it was
discovered that the
early age of initial
 exposure (12 years)
is substantially
correlated (18–26
years). Although it
should be noted
that this study is
cross-sectional in
nature and cannot
establish causation,
this outcome lends
weight to the idea
that age-verified
limit enforcement
may be useful in
protecting children
and adolescents
from early
exposure.
Kordić, B. & Babić, L., “Enjoyment in   Pornography and In this study, The study claimed
(2020). Sexual Behavior of  young participants that, only peer
people of  Belgrade” independently evaluation of
completed the "porno" proclivity
self-report corresponds with
questionnaire. juvenile sexual
Author-controlled behavior. Peers
items that influence children's
emphasize ope- behavior, and
rationalization of people project their
variables and own thoughts,
avoidance of interests, and
ambiguous item behaviors onto
content. Five their peers. Self-
possible replies evaluation of
ranging from "opinion that porno
strongly disagree has a detrimental
to strongly agree effect on sexual
were provided. behavior"
Each participant correlates with
was informed that "openness of
the study will parents (school) to
focus on sexuality sexual themes."
and pornographic This suggests that
personality such convictions
characteristics and coexist with
behavior patterns. specific sexual
behavior in
 adolescents.
Lewczuk,  K., Leśniak, “Variability of Pornographic Throughout the They believed that
J., Lew-Starowicz, M., & Content Consumed and Longest investigation, they if people
Gola, M., (2020). Session of Pornography Use comprised 132 committed more
Associated With Treatment heterosexual men time to this
Seeking and Problematic Sexual who were referred behavior, they
Behavior Symptoms” for treatment for would be able to
problematic consume a wider
pornography range of
consumption by pornographic
therapists after genres, types, or
their initial visit, categories.
as well as 437 Similarly, binging
non-treatment habits may be
seekers in the associated with
control group. pornographic
They then utilized viewing sessions.
descriptive Their findings also
statistics, mean reveal that the
rank comparisons, association
regression models, between the
and regression variability of
analysis. consumed
pornographic
content and
dependent variables
is significant even
when the amount of
time spent on
pornography is
regulated for.
Finally, in the
entire sample, a bi-
variate correlation
between the variety
of consumed
explicit materials
and time spent on
this consumption
was unexpectedly
weak.
Moynihan, A.B., Igou, “Pornography consumption as Prolific Academic The existential
E.R., & Tilburg, W.A.P., existential escape from boredom” provided them escape theory was
(2021). with a total of one used to frame their
hundred eighty- predictions. The
four participants results revealed a
 (184). They then substantial indirect
used conceptual connection between
representation, perceived
zero correlations, meaninglessness
measured the and increased
frequency of pornographic usage
pornography via increased
usage among boredom proneness
participants, and and emotional
conducted a avoidance.
mediation analysis Boredom
(PROCESS proneness, in
marco) of the particular,
information correlated
gathered. positively and
substantially with
perceived
meaninglessness.
Furthermore, the
effect sizes of the
relationships
between boredom
and the outcome
variables were
small.
Sallie, S.N., Ritou, “Assessing online gaming and In this research, They claimed that a
V.J.E., Bowden-Jones, pornography consumption The researcher combination of
H., Voon, V., (2021). patterns during COVID-19 employs survey COVID-19 stress
isolation using an online survey: questions and variables, as well
Highlighting distinct avenues of Likert scales, as as social-
problematic internet behavior” well as non demographic,
parametric tests, to psychiatric, and
collect data on personality traits,
online gaming and was responsible for
pornographic the growth in the
viewing. intensity of online
gaming and
pornographic
watching. As they
stated, online
gaming and
pornographic
watching increased
overall during
lockdown, and
particular groups
 may be more
vulnerable to the
growth of risky
online activities.
Their findings
demonstrate the
relevance of the
theories of negative
emotion and stress
reduction to
behavioral
addictions and
impulse control
problems.
Moderate quantities
of healthy, non-
pathological
internet gaming
and pornographic
watching can be
done for substitute
socialization,
entertainment, and
stimulation. Their
results highlight the
significance of
identifying those
who require
emotional
regulation therapy
to lessen risky
online behaviors,
both within the
context of COVID-
19 isolation and
beyond.
Tan, S.A., Goh, Y.S., “Problematic Internet The study was Their findings state
Zaharim, N.M., Gan, Pornography Use and held through the that problematic
S.W., Yap, C.C., Nainee, Psychological Distress among use of a purposive Internet
S., Lee, L.K., (2022). Emerging Adults in Malaysia: sampling method, pornography use
Gender as a Moderator” and data collection (IPU) is
was performed via significantly linked
Qualtrics survey, a with psychological
web-based distress, and males
overview are more likely to
platform. The encounter
 researchers problematic IPU
advised the than females.
participants to During the interval,
give their assent the present study
prior to additionally offers
responding to the preliminary
inquiries. statistical
foundation for the
moderating role of
gender in the
relationship
between
problematic IPU
and psychological
distress in
dispersion through
arising grown-ups
in Malaysia. Their
findings also show
that females are
frequently more
affected by such a
correlation than
males.
Yu, C., Kågesten, A.E., “Pornography Use and Perceived In this study, Their findings are
Meyer, S.D., Moreau, C., Gender Norms Among Young respondents were crucial in low-
Reeuwijk, M.V., & Lou, Adolescents in Urban Poor interviewed face- income urban
C., (2021). Environments: A Cross-site to-face, and the contexts where
Study” researchers used a access to evidence-
4-point scale to based sexual
collect the data. education is limited
and sexual norms
remain restrictive,
impeding young
people's ability to
challenge the
narratives of
gender stereotypes,
they claim. Their
study showed that
lifetime exposure
to pornography
among 10 to 14-
year-olds varied
widely across
urban poor settings
 and confirmed
pornography as a
highly gendered
experience that
begins in early
adolescence.

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

The researchers’ framework considered two main variables: screen time and pornographic
content. The study wants to see if an individual’s screen time correlates with the amount of pornography
that is being used by grade 12 STEM students. Screen time is an independent variable that refers to how
much time they spend viewing pornographic content and how much pornographic content they can
accumulate from their viewing time. In addition, their screen time implies an increase in the possibility
and probability of a Grade 12 STEM student viewing sexually aggressive content. The other variable
would be the pornographic content. It is a dependent variable. It is explicit material, erotic behavior, and
the ability to arouse sexual desire (Hudson, 2009). They are all considered to constitute pornographic
content, in which case it alludes to the portrayal of sexual conduct in various stages that is planned to
cause sexual excitement (Jenkins, 2017). Lastly, it depends on how much screen time they racked up,
because the pornographic content rises as screen time rises. The amount of pornographic content will
decrease if the screening time does as well. The researchers also included hypothesized effects in the
framework because the study's goal is to learn about the potential positive and negative effects of screen
time and pornographic content on grade 12 STEM students.

Group 7 Members:

Antonio, Trisha Lei B.

Atole, Clarence T.

Demition, Gavino Lance

Geronimo, Sofia Erika M.

Pelaez, Ruben Dexter G. (Leader)

Pertudo, Yvainne Hann G.