Unit 3

UNIT 3
INPUT AND OUTPUT
© Ganapathi Nayak K
1
Files and Directories
File
Class present in the package java.io
Deals with files and file system (and not streams)
 Does not specify how information is stored in and retrieved from files
 Describes the properties of the file itself
File object: Obtain and manipulate information associated with a disk file
 Permissions, Time, Date, Directory path etc.
Directory: Treated as a File

A list of filenames
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File (Continued …)
Constructors used to create File objects (new File instances)
File (String directoryPath)
File (String directoryPath, String fileName)
File (File dirObj, String fileName)
File (URI URIObj)
Examples:
File f1 = new File (“/”);
File f2 = new File (“/Dir1”, “sample1.txt”);
File f3 = new File (f1, “sample2.txt”);
Note: Path separators – either / (Unix) or \ (Windows)
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File Methods
Method Description
String getName () File name
String getPath () Relative path
String getAbsolutePath () Absolute path
String getParent () Parent directory name
boolean exists () Exists or not
boolean canWrite () Writeable
boolean canRead () Readable
boolean canExecute () Executable
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File Methods (Continued …)
Method Description
long lastModified () Last modified time
long length () File size
boolean isFile () File (true) or Directory (false)
boolean isDirectory () Directory or not
boolean isAbsolute () Absolute path (true) or Relative path (false)
boolean renameTo (File newName) Rename file; returns true if successful

Example Delete
for File
fileMethods
or directory (if empty);
boolean delete ()
returns true if successful
Creates a new, empty file only if a file with this
boolean createNewFile ()
name does not yet exist.
Example for File Methods
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Method Description
Returns the number of bytes of storage available on the

long getFreeSpace ()
partition associated with the invoking object
Returns the storage capacity of the partition associated
long getTotalSpace ()
with the invoking object
Returns the number of usable free bytes of storage
long getUsableSpace () available on the partition associated with the invoking
object
Returns true if the invoking file hidden. Returns false
boolean isHidden ()
otherwise.
Sets the time stamp on the invoking file to that specified by

setLastModified
boolean millsec, which is the number of milliseconds from January
(long millisec)
1, 1970, Coordinated Universal Time (UTC)
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Method Description
boolean setReadOnly () Sets the invoking file to read-only
setWritable
boolean (boolean writable, Sets/resets the invoking file to writable
boolean ownerOnly)
setExecutable
boolean (boolean writable, Sets/resets the invoking file to executable
boolean ownerOnly)
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Directories
A File that contains list of other files and directories
Methods available
Method Description
boolean isDirectory () Returns true if it is a directory; otherwise, false
String[] list () List of files and directories in it
Example for Directory List
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Directories (Continued …)
Using FilenameFilter: Select files that match a certain pattern
Syntax: String[] list (FilenameFilter FFObj)
FFObj is an object that implements FilenameFilter interface
FilenameFilter (interface) defines a method accept()
Syntax: boolean accept (File directory, String filename)
Returns true for files in the directory specified by directory to be included in the list (of
files to be filtered)
Example for FilenameFilter
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Directories (Continued …)
The listFiles() alternative
Returns file list as an array of File objects instead of strings
Form 1: File[] listFiles ()
Form 2: File[] listFiles (FilenameFilter FFObj)
Form 3: File[] listFiles (FileFilter FObj)
FileFilter (abstract class) defines only a single method called accept(), which is called
once for each file in the list
boolean accept (File path)
Returns true for files to be included in the list (those which match the path argument);
false for others
Example for FileFilter
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Creating Directories
The mkdir() method
 Createsa directory; returns true on success, false on failure
Syntax: public boolean mkdir()
Example: File f = new File (“newdir”);
boolean b = f.mkdir();
OR
new File (“newdir”).mkdir();
The mkdirs() method

 Createsa directory and all the parents of the directory
Syntax: public boolean mkdirs()
Example: File f = new File (“tmp/one/two/three”);
boolean b = f.mkdirs();
OR
new File (“tmp/one/two/three”).mkdirs();
Example for Creating Directories
11
Streams
Stream
A logical entity that either produces or consumes information
 Linked to a physical device by the Java I/O system
 All streams behave in the same manner, even if the actual physical devices they are
linked to differ
Reading information into a program Writing information out of a program
The java.io package has a number of classes and interfaces to handle I/O
12
Streams
Closeable and Flushable interfaces

Objects of a class that implements Closeable can be closed
 Defines close () method
void close () throws IOException
 Closes the invoking stream, releasing any resources that it is holding
Objects of a class that implements Flushable can force buffered output to be

written to the stream to which the object is attached
 Defines flush () method
void flush () throws IOException
 Flushing a stream causes buffered output to be physically written to the specified
device
Note: FileNotFoundException is a subclass of IOException
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Streams
The Stream Classes

Java I/O : built upon four abstract classes (used to build concrete
subclasses)
 InputStream and OutputStream
– Designed for byte streams
– Used for working with bytes and binary objects
– Abstract methods
» InputStream: read() to read a byte of data
» OutputStream: write() to write a byte of data
 Reader and Writer
– Designed for character streams
– Used for working with characters and strings
– Abstract methods
» Reader: read() to read a character
» Writer: write() to write a character
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Streams
The Stream Classes (Continued …)
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Streams
InputStream
Abstract class; Implements Closeable interface
Methods throw IOException (except mark() and markSupported())
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Streams
InputStream (Continued …)
Method Description
✓ Returns an integer representation of the next available

int read ( ) byte of input.
✓ Returns –1 when end-of-file is encountered.
✓ Attempts to read up to buffer.length bytes into buffer.

int read (byte buffer[ ]) ✓ Returns the actual number of bytes successfully read.
✓ Attempts to read up to numBytes bytes into buffer
read (byte buffer[ ], starting at buffer[offset].
int int offset,
✓ Returns the number of bytes successfully read.
int numBytes)
✓ Returns the number of bytes of input currently available

int available ( )
for reading.
Methods defined by InputStream
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Streams
InputStream (Continued …)
Method Description
✓ Closes the input source.

void close ( )
✓ Further read attempts will generate an IOException.
✓ Places a mark at the current point in the input
void mark (int numBytes) stream that remains valid until numBytes bytes are
read.
void reset ( ) ✓ Resets the input pointer to the previously set mark.
✓ Returns true if mark( )/reset( ) are supported by

boolean markSupported ( )
the invoking stream.
✓ Ignores (that is, skips) numBytes bytes of input,

long skip (long numBytes)
returning the number of bytes actually ignored.
Methods defined by InputStream
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Streams
OutputStream
Abstract class; Implements Closeable and Flushable interfaces
Methods throw IOException (except mark() and markSupported())
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Streams
OutputStream (Continued …)
Method Description
✓ Writes a single byte to an output stream. The parameter

void write (int b) is an int, which allows us to call write( ) with expressions
without having to cast them back to byte.
void write (byte buffer[ ]) ✓ Writes a complete array of bytes to an output stream.
write (byte buffer[ ],

✓ Writes a subrange of numBytes bytes from the array
void int offset,
buffer, beginning at buffer[offset].
int numBytes)
✓ Closes the output stream.

void close ( )
✓ Further write attempts will generate an IOException.
✓ Finalizes the output state so that all buffers are cleared

void flush ( )
(flushes the output buffers).
Methods defined by OutputStream

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Byte Streams
FileInputStream
Creates an InputStream to read bytes from a file
Constructors (can throw FileNotFoundException)
 FileInputStream(String filePath) // full path name of the file
Ex: FileInputStream f0 = new FileInputStream (“test.txt”);
 FileInputStream(File fileObj) // file object describes the file
Ex: File f = new File (“test.txt”);
FileInputStream f1 = new FileInputStream(f);
FileInputStream overrides six methods of InputStream (except mark() and

reset())
 Attempt to use mark()/reset() generates java.io.IOException (mark() and reset() not
supported)
Example for FileInputStream
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Byte Streams
FileOutputStream
Creates an OutputStream to write bytes to a file
Constructors (can throw IOException in case of read-only files)
 FileOutputStream(String filePath) // full path name of the file
Ex: FileOutputStream f0 = new FileOutputStream (“test.txt”);
 FileOutputStream(File fileObj) // file object describes the file
FileOutputStream f1 = new FileOutputStream(f);
 FileOutputStream(String filePath, boolean append)
Ex: FileOutputStream f2 = new FileOutputStream (“test.txt”, true);
 FileOutputStream(File fileObj, boolean append)
FileOutputStream f3 = new FileOutputStream(f, false);
Example for FileOutputStream
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Byte Streams
ByteArrayInputStream
Implements an input stream that uses a byte array as the source
Fields (protected)
Field Description
byte[] buf Array of bytes to hold the inputs
int count Index one greater than the last valid character in the input stream buffer
int mark Currently marked position in the stream
int pos Index of the next character to be read from the stream buffer
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Byte Streams
ByteArrayInputStream (Continued …)
Constructors
 ByteArrayInputStream (byte array[])
– Creates a stream from the specified byte array that uses buf as its internal buffer
 ByteArrayInputStream (byte array[], int start, int numBytes)
– Creates a stream from the specified part of the byte array that uses buf as its
internal buffer
Example:
String temp = “Manipal”;
byte b[] = temp.getBytes();
ByteArrayInputStream b1 = new ByteArrayInputStream(b);
ByteArrayInputStream b2 = new ByteArrayInputStream(b, 1, 3);
Example for ByteArrayInputStream
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Byte Streams
ByteArrayOutputStream
Implements an output stream that uses a byte array as the destination
Fields (protected)
Field Description
byte[] buf Buffer where data is stored
int count Number of valid bytes in the buffer
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Byte Streams
ByteArrayOutputStream (Continued …)
Constructors
 ByteArrayOutputStream()
– A buffer of 32 bytes is created
 ByteArrayOutputStream(int numBytes)
– A buffer of size numBytes is created
– Number of bytes held by the buffer is contained in the protected count field of
ByteArrayOutputStream
Example for ByteArrayOutputStream
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Byte Streams
Buffered Byte Streams

A memory buffer is attached to the I/O stream
 Allows Java to do I/O operations on more than one byte a time
– increases performance
 Skipping, marking and resetting of the stream becomes possible
3 buffered byte stream classes

 BufferedInputStream
 BufferedOutputStream
 PushbackInputStream
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Byte Streams
BufferedInputStream
Wrap any InputStream into buffered stream
Fields (protected)
Field Description
byte[] buf Internal buffer where the data is stored
int count Index one greater than the last valid byte in buf
Maximum read ahead allowed after a call to the mark method before
int marklimit
subsequent calls to the reset method
int markpos Value of the pos field at the time the last mark method was called
int pos Current position in buf
InputStream in Input stream to be filtered
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Byte Streams
BufferedInputStream (Continued …)
Constructors
 BufferedInputStream (InputStream in)
– Creates a buffered input stream
– Default buffer size (8192 characters)
 BufferedInputStream (InputStream in, int bufSize)

– Creates a buffered input stream with the specified buffer size
– Sizes multiples of a memory page, a disk block – improves performance
Supports mark() and reset() in addition to read() and skip()

 BufferedInputStream.markSupported() always returns true
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Byte Streams
BufferedOutputStream
Similar to any OutputStream except that flush() method is added
To physically write data buffers
Fields (protected)
Field Description
byte[] buf Internal buffer where the data is stored
int count Number of valid bytes in buf
OutputStream in Output stream to be filtered
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Byte Streams
BufferedOutputStream (Continued …)
Constructors
 BufferedOutputStream (OutputStream out)
– Creates a new buffered output stream to write data to the specified output stream
– Default buffer size (8192 characters)
 BufferedOutputStream (OutputStream out, int bufSize)

– Creates a new buffered output stream to write data to the specified output stream
with specified buffer size
– Sizes multiples of a memory page, a disk block – improves performance
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Byte Streams
PrintStream
Provides all output capabilities of System.out
 Implements Appendable, Closeable and Flushable interfaces
Fields
 protected OutputStream out
Constructors
 PrintStream (OutputStream out)
 PrintStream (OutputStream out, boolean flushOnNewline)
 PrintStream (OutputStream out, boolean flushOnNewline, String charSet)
throws UnsupportedEncodingException
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Byte Streams
PrintStream (Continued …)
Write output to a file
 Can be created from a File object or by specifying a file name
 Existing file will be deleted
Constructors
 PrintStream (File outputFile) throws FileNotFoundException
 PrintStream (File outputFile, String charSet)
throws FileNotFoundException, UnsupportedEncodingException
 PrintStream (String outputFileName) throws FileNotFoundException
 PrintStream (String outputFileName, String charSet)
throws FileNotFoundException, UnsupportedEncodingException
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Byte Streams
PrintStream (Continued …)
Supports print() and println() methods
 Ifan argument is not a primitive type, it calls the object’s toString() method and then
display the result
The printf() method (added with the release of JDK 5) supports formatted
output
 Constructors
– PrintStream printf (String fmtString, Object … args)
Example for PrintStream
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Byte Streams
DataOutputStream
Write primitive data to a stream
Constructor
 DataOutputStream (OutputStream out)
– Creates a data output stream that uses the specified output stream
 Defines methods to convert values of a primitive type into a byte sequence and then
write it to the output stream
– final void writeDouble (double value) throws IOException
– final void writeBoolean (boolean value) throws IOException
– final void writeInt (int value) throws IOException
Example for DataOutputStream
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Byte Streams
DataInputStream
Read primitive data from a stream
Constructor
 DataInputStream (InputStream is)
– Creates a data input stream that uses the specified input stream
 Defines methods to read a sequence of bytes from the stream and then convert them
into values of a primitive type
– double readDouble () throws IOException
– boolean readBoolean () throws IOException
– int readInt () throws IOException
Example for DataInputStream
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Byte Streams
RandomAccessFile
Encapsulates a random-access file
 Not derived from InputStream or OutputStream classes
 Implements DataInput and DataOutput interfaces
 Supports positioning of file pointer within the file
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Byte Streams
RandomAccessFile
Constructors
 RandomAccessFile (File fileObj, String access) throws IOException
 RandomAccessFile (String fileName, String access) throws IOException
Access modes:
 ‘r’ – read only
 ‘rw’ – read-write
 ‘rws’ - opened for read-write, updates file’s data and metadata
 ‘rwd’ - opened for read-write, updates only file’s data
(metadata is updated on file closure)
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Byte Streams
RandomAccessFile (Continued …)
Method Description
Closes the random access file stream and releases any

void close ()
system resources associated with the stream
long getFilePointer () Returns the current offset in the file
long length () Returns the length of the file
Sets the file-pointer offset, measured from the beginning

void seek (long pos)
of the file, at which next read or write occurs
void setLength (long newLen) Sets the length of the file
Attempts to skip over n bytes of input discarding the

int skipBytes (int n)
skipped bytes
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Byte Streams
Method Description
int read () Reads a byte of data
Reads up to b.length bytes of data into the array of

int read (byte[] b)
bytes
Reads up to len bytes of data from position offset

int read (byte[], int off, int len)
into the array of bytes
void write (int b) Writes the specified byte
Writes b.length bytes of data from the specified byte

void write (byte[] b)
array
Writes len bytes of data from position offset from

void write (byte[], int off, int len)
the specified byte array
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Byte Streams
Method Method
boolean readBoolean () void writeBoolean (boolean b)
byte readByte () void writeByte (byte b)
char readChar () void writeChar (char c)
double readDouble () void writeDouble (double d)
float readFloat () void writeFloat (float f)
String readLine () void writeBytes (String str)
int readInt () void writeInt (int i)
long readLong () void writeLong (long l)
short readShort () void writeShort (short s)
Example for RandomAccessFile
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Character Streams
Reader
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Character Streams
Reader (Continued …)
Reader – an abstract class – defines streaming character input
Method Description

int read ( ) character from the invoking input stream.
✓ Attempts to read up to buffer.length characters into buffer

int read (char buffer[ ]) and returns the actual number of bytes successfully read.
✓ Attempts to read up to numChars characters into buffer

read (char buffer[ ], starting at buffer[offset], returning the number of characters
int int offset, successfully read.
int numChars)
Methods defined by Reader
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Character Streams
Reader (Continued …)
Method Description
✓ Closes the input source.

void close ( )
mark ✓ Places a mark at the current point in the input stream

void
(int numChars) that remains valid until numChars characters are read.
void reset ( ) ✓ Resets the input pointer to the previously set mark.
✓ Returns true if mark( )/reset( ) are supported by the

boolean markSupported ( )
invoking stream.
skip ✓ Ignores (that is, skips) numChars characters of input,

long
(long numChars) returning the number of characters actually ignored.
Methods defined by Reader
44
Character Streams
Writer
45
Character Streams
Writer (Continued …)
Writer – an abstract class – defines streaming character output
Method Description
✓ Appends ch to the end of the invoking output stream.

Writer append (char ch)
✓ Returns a reference to the invoking stream.
✓ Appends chars to the end of the invoking output

append stream.
Writer
(CharSequence chars)
✓ Returns a reference to the invoking stream.
append ✓ Appends the subrange of chars specified by begin and

Writer (CharSequence chars, end–1 to the end of the invoking output stream.
int begin, int end) ✓ Returns a reference to the invoking stream.
Methods defined by Writer
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Character Streams
Method Description
void write (char ch) ✓ Writes a single character to the invoking output stream.
write ✓ Writes a complete array of characters to the invoking

void
(char buffer[ ]) output stream.
write
✓ Writes a sub-range of numChars characters from the
abstract (char buffer[ ],
array buffer, beginning at buffer[offset] to the invoking
void int offset,
output stream.
int numChars)
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Character Streams
Method Description
void write (String str) ✓ Writes str to the invoking output stream.
write (String str, int ✓ Writes a sub-range of numChars characters from

void
offset, int numChars) the string str, beginning at the specified offset.
abstract ✓ Closes the output stream. Further write attempts

close ( )
void will generate an IOException.
abstract ✓ Finalizes the output state so that any buffers are

flush ( )
void cleared. That is, it flushes the output buffers.
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Character Streams
FileReader
Creates a Reader that can be used to read from a file
Fields (protected)
Object lock – Object used to synchronize operations on this stream
Constructors (can throw FileNotFoundException)

 FileReader (String filePath)
 FileReader (File fileObj)
Example for FileReader
49
Character Streams
FileWriter
Creates a Writer that can be used to write to a file
Fields (protected)
Object lock – Object used to synchronize operations on this stream
Constructors (can throw IOException)

 FileWriter (String filePath)
 FileWriter (String filePath, boolean append)
 FileWriter (File fileObj)
 FileWriter (File fileObj, boolean append)
Example for FileWriter
50
Character Streams
CharArrayReader
Implementation of the input stream that uses character array as the source
Fields (protected)
Field Description
char[] buf Internal character buffer where the data is stored
int count Index of the end of buf
int markedPos Position of the mark in buf
int pos Current position in buf
Object lock Used to synchronize operations on this stream
51
Character Streams
CharArrayReader (Continued …)
 CharArrayReader (char array[])
– Creates a character array reader from the specified array of characters
 CharArrayReader (char array[], int start, int numChars)
– Creates a character array reader from the specified part of the array of characters
Example for CharArrayReader
52
Character Streams
CharArrayWriter
Implementation of the output stream that uses character array as the
destination
Fields (protected)
Field Description
char[] buf Internal character buffer where the data is stored
int count Number of characters in buf
Object lock Used to synchronize operations on this stream
53
Character Streams
CharArrayWriter (Continued …)
 CharArrayWriter ()
– Creates a character array reader with a default size (8192 bytes)
 CharArrayWriter (int numChars)
– Creates a character array reader with the specified size
Example for CharArrayWriter
54
Character Streams
BufferedReader
Improves performance by buffering input
 BufferedReader (Reader inputStream)
– Creates a buffered stream using default buffer size (8192 characters)
 BufferedReader (Reader inputStream, int bufSize)
– Size of the buffer is passed in bufSize
55
Character Streams
BufferedWriter
Improves performance by buffering output
 BufferedWriter (Writer outputStream)
– Creates a buffered stream using default buffer size (8192 characters)
 BufferedWriter (Writer outputStream, int bufSize)
– Size of the buffer is passed in bufSize
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Predefined Streams
System class (java.lang)

Contains three predefined stream variables: in, out and err
 Declared as public, static and final within System class (can be called without System
object)
 in is an object of type InputStream
 out and err are objects of type PrintStream
57
Predefined Streams
Reading Console Input

Accomplished by reading from System.in (byte stream)
 To
obtain a character based stream attached to the console, wrap System.in in a
BufferedReader object (supports buffered input stream)
Example
InputStreamReader in = new InputStreamReader (System.in);
BufferedReader br = newBufferedReader (in);
OR
BufferedReader br = newBufferedReader (new InputStreamReader(System.in));
br is the character-based stream that is linked to the console through System.in
58
Predefined Streams
Reading Console Input (Continued ….)

Reading characters
 Usage
int read() throws IOException
 Example
char c = (char) br.read();
Reading strings
 Usage
String readLine() throws IOException
 Example
String s = br.readLine();
59
Predefined Streams
Writing Console Output

Simple methods: print(), println() and printf()
Using write() method of PrintStream (derived from output stream)
 Usage
void write (int byteVal)
 Example
int b;
b = ‘A’;
System.out.write (b);
System.out.write(‘\n’);
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Serialization
Object Serialization and Deserialization
Mechanism where characteristics (state) of an object is written to a bytes

stream
 Object’s data
 Information about the objects type and types of data stored in the object
Write serialized object to a persistent storage (disk file)
Object can be restored using deserialization
JVM independent
 Object can be serialized in one platform and deserialized in another platform

62
Serialization
Serializable Interface
A built-in interface in java.io package
 Defines no members
 Indicates that a class may be serialized
– If a class is serializable, all its subclasses are also serializable
An object of a class that implements this interface can be serialized
Variables declared as transient or static cannot be saved by serialization
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Serialization
ObjectOutput Interface
Extends DataOutput interface and supports object serialization
Method Description
void write (byte buffer[ ]) ✓ Writes an array of bytes to the invoking stream.
write (byte buffer[ ], ✓ Writes a subrange of numBytes bytes from the array
void
int offset, int numBytes) buffer, beginning at buffer[offset].
✓ Writes a single byte to the invoking stream.

void write (int b)
✓ The byte written is the low-order byte of b.
void writeObject (Object obj) ✓ Writes object obj to the invoking stream.
✓ Closes the invoking stream.

void close ( )
✓ Further write attempts will generate an IOException.
✓ Finalizes the output state so that all buffers are
void flush ( )
cleared (flushes the output buffers).
Methods defined by ObjectOutput interface

64
Serialization
ObjectOutputStream Class
Extends OutputStream class and implements ObjectOutput interface
 Responsible for writing objects to a stream
Constructor
ObjectOutputStream (OutputStream out) throws IOException
 Argument out is the output stream to which serialized object will be written
All methods throw IOException
65
Serialization
ObjectOutputStream Class (Continued …)
Method Description
void write (byte buffer[ ]) ✓ Writes an array of bytes to the invoking stream.
write (byte buffer[ ], ✓ Writes a subrange of numBytes bytes from the

void
int offset, int numBytes) array buffer, beginning at buffer[offset].
✓ Writes a single byte to the invoking stream.

void write (int b)
void writeBoolean (boolean b) ✓ Writes a boolean to the invoking stream.
✓ Writes a byte to the invoking stream.

void writeByte (int b)
Methods defined by ObjectOutputStream Class
66
Serialization
Method Description
✓ Writes the bytes representing str to the invoking

void writeBytes (String str)
stream.
void writeChar (int c) ✓ Writes a char to the invoking stream.
void writeChars (String str) ✓ Writes the characters in str to the invoking stream.
void writeDouble (double d) ✓ Writes a double to the invoking stream.
void writeFloat (float f ) ✓ Writes a float to the invoking stream.
void writeInt (int i) ✓ Writes an int to the invoking stream.
Methods defined by ObjectOutputStream Class
67
Serialization
Method Description
void writeLong (long l) ✓ Writes a long to the invoking stream.
void writeShort (int i) ✓ Writes a short to the invoking stream.
final void writeObject (Object obj) ✓ Writes obj to the invoking stream.

void close ( ) ✓ Further write attempts will generate an
IOException.
✓ Finalizes the output state so that all buffers are

void flush ( )
cleared (flushes the output buffers).
Methods defined by ObjectOutputStream
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Serialization
ObjectInput Interface
Extends DataInput interface and supports object serialization
Method Description

void read () byte of input.
✓ Attempts to read up to buffer.length bytes into buffer,

void read (byte buffer[ ]) returning the number of bytes successfully read.
✓ Attempts to read up to numBytes bytes into buffer

read (byte buffer[ ], starting at buffer[offset], returning the number of
void bytes successfully read.
int offset, int numBytes)
Methods defined by ObjectInput interface

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Serialization
ObjectInput Interface (Continued …)

Extends DataInput interface and supports object serialization
Method Description
Object readObject ( ) ✓ Reads an object from the invoking stream.
✓ Skips numBytes bytes in the invoking stream.

long skip (long numBytes)
✓ Returns the number of bytes actually skipped.
✓ Returns the number of bytes that are now available in

int available ( )
the input buffer.

void close ( )
Methods defined by ObjectInput interface
70
Serialization
ObjectInputStream Class
Extends InputStream class and implements ObjectInput interface

 Responsible for reading objects from a stream
Constructor
ObjectInputStream (InputStream in) throws IOException
 Argument in is the input stream from which serialized object will be read
All methods throw IOException
71
Serialization
ObjectInputStream Class (Continued …)
Method Description
✓ Returns an integer representation of the next

int read ( ) available byte of input.
✓ Attempts to read up to numBytes bytes into

read (byte buffer[ ], buffer starting at buffer[offset], returning the
int number of bytes successfully read.
int offset, int numBytes
✓ Reads and returns a boolean from the invoking

boolean readBoolean ( )
stream.
✓ Reads and returns a byte from the invoking

byte readByte ( )
stream.
Methods defined by ObjectInputStream Class
72
Serialization
Method Description
char readChar ( ) Reads and returns a char from the invoking stream.
double readDouble ( ) Reads and returns a double from the invoking stream.
float readFloat ( ) Reads and returns a float from the invoking stream.
int readInt ( ) Reads and returns an int from the invoking stream.
long readLong ( ) Reads and returns a long from the invoking stream.
short readShort ( ) Reads and returns a short from the invoking stream.
73
Serialization
Method Description
final Object readObject ( ) Reads and returns an object from the invoking stream.
Returns the number of bytes that are now available in

int available ( )
the input buffer.
Closes the invoking stream. Further read attempts will

void close ( )
generate an IOException.
74
Serialization
Implementation
Create a class to implement Serializable interface
Serialization
 Create a FileOutputStream to refer to a file named “Student.ser”
 Create an ObjectOutputStream for this file stream
 Use writeObject() method of ObjectOutputStream to serialize the object
 Flush and close the ObjectOutputStream
Deserialization
 Create a FileInputStream to refer to the file named “Student.ser”
 Create an ObjectInputStream for this file stream
 Use readObject() method of ObjectInputStream to deserialize the object
 Close the ObjectInputStream
Example for Serialization and Deserialization
75
The End
76

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UNIT 3

INPUT AND OUTPUT

Directory: Treated as a File

Note: Path separators – either / (Unix) or \ (Windows)

String getName () File name

String getPath () Relative path

String getAbsolutePath () Absolute path

String getParent () Parent directory name

boolean exists () Exists or not

boolean canWrite () Writeable

boolean canRead () Readable

boolean canExecute () Executable

File Methods (Continued …)

long lastModified () Last modified time

long length () File size

boolean isFile () File (true) or Directory (false)

boolean isDirectory () Directory or not

boolean isAbsolute () Absolute path (true) or Relative path (false)

boolean renameTo (File newName) Rename file; returns true if successful

Example for File Methods

File Methods (Continued …)

Returns the number of bytes of storage available on the

Sets the time stamp on the invoking file to that specified by

File Methods (Continued …)

boolean setReadOnly () Sets the invoking file to read-only

boolean isDirectory () Returns true if it is a directory; otherwise, false

String[] list () List of files and directories in it

Example for Directory List

Example for FilenameFilter

Example for FileFilter

The mkdirs() method

Example for Creating Directories

Reading information into a program Writing information out of a program

Closeable and Flushable interfaces

Objects of a class that implements Flushable can force buffered output to be

Note: FileNotFoundException is a subclass of IOException

The Stream Classes

The Stream Classes (Continued …)

Abstract class; Implements Closeable interface

Methods throw IOException (except mark() and markSupported())

✓ Returns an integer representation of the next available

✓ Attempts to read up to buffer.length bytes into buffer.

✓ Returns the number of bytes of input currently available

Methods defined by InputStream

✓ Closes the input source.

✓ Returns true if mark( )/reset( ) are supported by

✓ Ignores (that is, skips) numBytes bytes of input,

Methods defined by InputStream

Abstract class; Implements Closeable and Flushable interfaces

Methods throw IOException (except mark() and markSupported())

✓ Writes a single byte to an output stream. The parameter

write (byte buffer[ ],

✓ Closes the output stream.

✓ Finalizes the output state so that all buffers are cleared

Methods defined by OutputStream

FileInputStream overrides six methods of InputStream (except mark() and

Example for FileInputStream

Example for FileOutputStream

byte[] buf Array of bytes to hold the inputs

int mark Currently marked position in the stream

Example for ByteArrayInputStream

byte[] buf Buffer where data is stored

int count Number of valid bytes in the buffer

Example for ByteArrayOutputStream