UNIVERSIDADES PÚBLICAS DE LA COMUNIDAD DE MADRID

EVALUACIÓN PARA EL ACCESO A LAS ENSEÑANZAS

UNIVERSITARIAS OFICIALES DE GRADO
Curso 2021-2022
MATERIA: INGLÉS

INSTRUCCIONES GENERALES Y CALIFICACIÓN

Después de leer atentamente el examen, responda de la siguiente forma:
• elija un texto A o B y conteste EN INGLÉS a las preguntas 1, 2, 3 y 4 asociadas al texto elegido.
• responda EN INGLÉS una pregunta a elegir entre las preguntas A.5 o B.5.
TIEMPO Y CALIFICACIÓN: 90 minutos. Las preguntas 1, 2 y 4 asociadas al texto elegido se calificarán
sobre 2 puntos cada una, la pregunta 3 asociada al texto elegido sobre 1 punto y la pregunta elegida
entre A.5 o B.5 sobre 3 puntos.

TEXTO A

Today’s "Fake News" Used to Be Called Yellow Journalism

It is perhaps not so surprising to hear that the problem of "fake news" — media outlets adopting
sensationalism to the point of fantasy — is nothing new. As Robert Darnton said, the first example
of this in history may have been in the late 19th century. This was when "Yellow Journalism" first
began.

Why yellow? The reasons are not totally clear and some sources point to the yellow ink the
publications would sometimes use, though others say it was named after a popular cartoon called
The Yellow Kid. This cartoon first ran in Joseph Pulitzer's New York World, and later William
Randolph Hearst's New York Journal. These two newspapers were in a battle because they wanted
to win readers. Their competition led to the rise of Yellow Journalism.

Although today his name is somewhat synonymous with journalism of the highest standards,
through association with the Pulitzer Prize, Joseph Pulitzer had a very different reputation while
alive. After purchasing The New York World in 1884 and rapidly increasing circulation through the
publication of sensationalist stories, he earned the dubious honour of being the pioneer of tabloid
journalism. He soon had a competitor in the field when his rival William Randolph Hearst acquired
The New York Journal in 1885. The rivalry was fierce, each trying to outdo each other with ever
more sensational and scandalous stories.

Yellow Journalism was at its worst in the days leading up to the Spanish-American War. Hearst's
newspaper had a major influence on the conflict. It encouraged anti-Spanish feelings across the
United States. Some people started calling the war "The Journal's War". Both newspapers
published stories about the war that were full of unconfirmed claims, sensationalist propaganda,
and outright factual errors.

Adapted from “Yellow Journalism: The "Fake News" of the 19th Century,” The Public Domain
Review, December 11, 2019. <https://publicdomainreview.org/collection/yellow-journalism-the-
fake-news-of-the-19th-century>
 TEXTO A

QUESTIONS

A.1.- Are the following statements TRUE or FALSE? Copy the evidence from the text. Use a
complete sentence. No marks are given for only TRUE or FALSE.
a) The term “Yellow Journalism” was coined after a comic strip about a boy in a yellow nightshirt,
entitled the “Yellow Kid”.
b) Joseph Pulitzer has come to be related to one of the most prominent awards given to journalists.
(Puntuación máxima: 2 puntos)

A.2.- In your own words and based on the ideas in the text, answer the following questions.
Do not copy from the text.
a) What similarities are there between William Randolph Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer? Mention two.
b) Did Yellow Journalism play a role in the Spanish-American War? Why?
(Puntuación máxima: 2 puntos)

A.3.- Find the words in the text that mean:

a) possibly (paragraph 1)
b) questionable (paragraph 3)
c) intense (paragraph 3)
d) key (paragraph 4)
(Puntuación máxima: 1 punto)

A.4.- Complete the following sentences. Use the appropriate form of the word in brackets
when given.
a) I really think the journalist is biased. I mean, he _______ (give) a wrong perspective of the issue
blaming the goverment! That’s _______ (hard) fair, is it?
b) William Randolph Hearst was one of _______ (colorful), influential, and outspoken figures
_______ (involve) in activities surrounding the Spanish-American War.
c) Those _______ consume news need to find ways of _______ (determine) if what they're reading
is true.
d) Complete the following sentence to report what was said.
“Can you check it out in ten minutes?”
She wondered ______________________________________________________________.
(Puntuación máxima: 2 puntos)

A.5.- Write about 150 to 200 words on the following topic.

Can social networking sites like Twitter or Instagram be considered news sources? Justify your
answer.
(Puntuación máxima: 3 puntos)
 TEXTO B

Breakfast Radio

Global Breakfast Radio (GBR) is a 24-hour operation, broadcasting programs from more than 250
radio stations around the world. But there's a catch: each of those stations is only played during its
time zone's respective breakfast time slot. As GBR explains in a statement, "The sun is always
rising somewhere; breakfast is always just about to happen. In some small way, Global Breakfast
Radio hopes to be a way of traveling globally through the medium of radio."

The station was created by two UK-based breakfast radio fans, Seb Emina, a writer, and Daniel
Jones, a systems artist. The duo searched for hundreds of radio stations worldwide to narrow down
the current list of 250. Those stations play on a loop, with music and news following the sunrise.
Pulling that off, however, required a bit of technical finesse. Digital music lovers might notice that
the output bears a little resemblance to the algorithmically generated playlists built by Spotify or
Pandora. "The difference is that here the algorithm is mediated by the day-long cycle of the Sun
sweeping the globe," says Jones, "tied together with the myriad broadcasters in these remote
locations."

But this is not without problems, explains Jones. "We soon discovered that internet stream URLs
seem to decay and disappear extremely quickly, meaning that the database of stations needs to
be constantly updated." Once the algorithmic problems were worked out, the team tried to create
a list that is representative of the tremendous diversity around the globe and that captures the
feeling of exploring new places. Even licensed photos of sunrises from those places are shown as
music and news are broadcast.

Adapted from “This Radio Station Broadcasts All Over the World, But Only at Breakfast Time,”
Smithsonian Magazine, May 7, 2014. <https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/radio-
station-broadcasts-all-over-world-only-breakfast-time-180951352/>
 TEXTO B

QUESTIONS

B.1.- Are the following statements TRUE or FALSE? Copy the evidence from the text. Use a
complete sentence. No marks are given for only TRUE or FALSE.
a) Radio stations around the world apply to participate in Global Breakfast Radio.
b) GBR offers both an auditory and a visual experience.
(Puntuación máxima: 2 puntos)

B.2.- In your own words and based on the ideas in the text, answer the following questions.
Do not copy from the text.
a) What is GBR’s main goal?
b) Why do they need to continuously supervise the database?
(Puntuación máxima: 2 puntos)

B.3.- Find the words in the text that mean:

a) corresponding (paragraph 1)
b) observe (paragraph 2)
c) solved (paragraph 3)
d) huge (paragraph 3)
(Puntuación máxima: 1 punto)

B.4.- Complete the following sentences. Use the appropriate form of the word in brackets
when given.
a) In the 19th century, German scientist Heinrich Hertz _______ (prove) the existence of radio
waves, _______ occur in nature.
b) Guglielmo Marconi, who was born _______ 20th April 1874, invented what he called “the
wireless telegraph” while _______ (experiment) in his parents’ attic.
c) Marconi used radio waves _______ (transmit) Morse code and the instrument he used became
_______ (know) as the radio.
d) Before the 1920s, the radio _______ (use) to contact ships that were out _______ sea.
(Puntuación máxima: 2 puntos)

B.5.- Write about 150 to 200 words on the following topic.

Discuss the pros and cons of starting the school day later in the morning.
(Puntuación máxima: 3 puntos)
 INGLÉS
CRITERIOS ESPECÍFICOS DE CORRECCIÓN Y CALIFICACIÓN

El ejercicio incluirá cinco preguntas, pudiendo obtenerse por la suma de todas ellas una puntuación
máxima de 10 puntos. Junto a cada pregunta se especifica la puntuación máxima otorgada. La
valoración y los objetivos de cada una de estas preguntas son los siguientes:

Pregunta 1: Hasta 2 puntos. Se trata de medir exclusivamente la comprensión lectora. El

estudiante deberá decidir si dos frases que se le presentan son verdaderas o falsas, copiando a
continuación únicamente el fragmento del texto que justifica su elección. Se otorgará 1 punto por
cada apartado. Se calificará con 0 puntos la opción elegida que no vaya justificada.

Pregunta 2: Hasta 2 puntos. Se pretende comprobar dos destrezas: la comprensión lectora y la

expresión escrita, mediante la formulación de dos preguntas abiertas que el estudiante deberá
contestar basándose en la información del texto, pero utilizando sus propias palabras en la
respuesta. Cada una de las preguntas valdrá 1 punto, asignándose 0,5 puntos a la comprensión
de la pregunta y del texto, y 0,5 a la corrección gramatical y ortográfica de la respuesta.

Pregunta 3: Hasta 1 punto. Esta pregunta trata de medir el dominio del vocabulario en el aspecto
de la comprensión. El estudiante demostrará esta capacidad localizando en el párrafo que se le
indica un sinónimo, adecuado al contexto, de cuatro palabras o definiciones. Se adjudicará 0,25
por cada apartado.

Pregunta 4: Hasta 2 puntos. Con esta pregunta se pretende comprobar los conocimientos
gramaticales del estudiante, en sus aspectos morfológicos y/o sintácticos. Se presentarán
oraciones con huecos que el estudiante deberá completar o rellenar. También podrán presentarse
oraciones para ser transformadas u otro tipo de ítem. Se adjudicará 0,25 a cada “hueco en blanco”
y en el caso de las transformaciones o ítems de otro tipo se concederá 0,5 con carácter unitario.

Pregunta 5: Hasta 3 puntos. Se trata de una redacción, de 150 a 200 palabras, en la que el
estudiante podrá demostrar su capacidad para expresarse libremente en inglés. Se propondrá una
única opción y se otorgarán 1,5 puntos por el buen dominio de la lengua – léxico, estructura
sintáctica, etc. – y 1,5 por la madurez en la expresión de las ideas – organización, coherencia y
creatividad. Para corregir esta redacción se utilizará la siguiente rúbrica de evaluación:
Puntuación: de 0 – 3

Cada apartado se valorará entre 0 y 0,5, según se ajuste a lo que figura en el descriptor de
“Excelente” (con la nota máxima de 0,5) o de “Deficiente” (con la nota mínima de 0).
 Excelente Nota Deficiente
El mensaje es claro,
El mensaje es
preciso y coherente, con demasiado confuso,
ideas interesantes, que se ambiguo o incoherente,
---/0,5
atienen al tema con ideas irrelevantes o
propuesto. Se sigue el repetitivas. No se sigue
requisito de extensión el requisito de extensión
mínima.
mínima.

Es difícil distinguir la
Se muestra capacidad postura personal del
CONTENIDO para desarrollar un punto autor. Se incluyen
de vista personal, con generalidades sin
opiniones originales. Las ---/0,5 fundamento, porque no
ideas se ilustran de forma se aportan datos o
ejemplos que ilustren las
adecuada. ideas expuestas.

Faltan conectores
Se emplean conectores de adecuados y se acusa una
forma efectiva y variada. ---/0,5 falta de transiciones
temáticas lógicas.

No hay errores Hay errores graves de

importantes de gramática ---/0,5 gramática

No muestra limitaciones
en el uso del vocabulario ---/0,5 Hay errores graves
de léxico.
FORMA que utiliza.

Hay múltiples
No hay errores equivocaciones en el
importantes de ortografía -- / 0,5 uso de la ortografía y/o
y/o puntación. la puntuación.

Total --- / 3
 INGLÉS
(DOCUMENTO DE TRABAJO ORIENTATIVO)

TEXTO A - SUGGESTED ANSWERS

Question A.1

a) FALSE: “The reasons are not totally clear and some sources point to the yellow ink
the publications would sometimes use, though others say it was named after a popular
cartoon called The Yellow Kid.”

b) TRUE: “Although today his name is somewhat synonymous with journalism of the
highest standards, through association with the Pulitzer Prize, Joseph Pulitzer had a
very different reputation while alive.”

Question A.2

Key ideas

a) Joseph Pulitzer and William Randolph Hearst were the pioneers of engaging in a
style of publishing called Yellow Journalism. They were owners and publishers of
newspapers, and they were rivals.

b) Yes, Yellow Journalism played a role in the Spanish-American War because both
Hearst and Pulitzer devoted more and more attention to the war, at times writing many
stories that proved to be false, which fostered negative ideas towards Spain.

Question A.3

a) perhaps

b) dubious

c) fierce

d) major

Question A.4

a) has given / gave ------- hardly

b) the most colorful ------- involved

c) who / that ------- determining

d) She wondered if / whether I could check it out ten minutes later / after ten minutes /
in ten minutes.
 INGLÉS
(DOCUMENTO DE TRABAJO ORIENTATIVO)

TEXTO B - SUGGESTED ANSWERS

Question B.1

a) FALSE: “The duo searched for hundreds of radio stations worldwide to narrow down
the current
list of 250.”

b) TRUE: “Even licensed photos of sunrises from those places are shown as music and
news are broadcast.”

Question B.2

Key ideas

a) The main goal is to stream radio stations from all over the world and be able to listen
to them as the sun rises in those countries.

b) The URLs of the radio stations in their database tend to stop working very soon, so
GBR needs to pay attention and change them all the time.

Question B.3

a) respective

b) notice

c) worked out

d) tremendous

Question B.4

a) proved ------- which

b) on ------- experimenting

c) to transmit ------- known

d) had been used / was used ------- at