Exercise 1 – Creation of Cyclic Steam Base Model

The purpose of this exercise is to utilize Builder to create a Base Model which simulates Cyclic
Steam Stimulation (CSS). The model will be created with Builder’s Quick Pattern wizard, which
allows the user to create a part of a patterned field.

The use of the quick pattern wizard allows the engineer to quickly create a grid which already
accounts for grid sizing, well creation, and element of symmetry definitions. The fluid model will
also be constructed via Black-Oil correlations. The exercise also details how to add temperature
and compositionally-dependent relative permeability data.

Basic Setup using the Quick Pattern Wizard

1. Double click on Launcher to activate the CMG interface GUI.

2. Open BUILDER by double clicking on the appropriate icon in the Launcher.

3. Choose:
• STARS Simulator
• SI Unit
• Single Porosity system
• Start date 2011-01-01
• Click OK, verify the settings and Click OK again

2
Introduction to Thermal EOR Modelling – Tutorial
4. Under the Reservoir Menu expand the Create Grid Section and choose Quick Pattern
Grid to enter the wizard

5. Input the following information:

• Pattern Type: Normal 5-Spot
• Pattern Area: 10 Acres
• Thickness of Reservoir: 30 (m)
• Top of Reservoir: 500 (m)
• Approx. Block Thickness: 4 (m)
• Approx. Block Size in X, Y: 6 (m)

3
Introduction to Thermal EOR Modelling – Tutorial
 6. Press the Calculate button. In doing so Builder will take the values which were input and
determine the number of blocks and their required sizes to cover the defined area.

Note on Grid Sizes:

When using the Quick Pattern wizard a uniform Cartesian grid will be created. There is a
possibility (as observed in this example) where if the defined block sizes were used it is
not possible to get create a grid of the exact aerial or vertical size specified. When this
occurs the wizard will scale the block sizes accordingly in a uniform manner so that the
size of the blocks and number of blocks cover exactly the defined volume (Pattern Area X
Thickness).

7. Press OK to close the window. The grid should now be created. This will include an
Injector well at each corner, a Producer well in the center, block sizes as defined in the
wizard, and an implicitly defined Element of Symmetry.

8. To specify other grid properties open the Specify Property window by clicking the button
on the top menu bar.

9. Input the following values (all of them will be input for the Whole Grid):
• Porosity: 0.3
• Permeability I: 400 (md)
• Permeability J: 400 (md), it is also valid to specify EQUALSI
• Permeability K: 40 (md), it is also valid to specify EQUALSI * 0.1

4
Introduction to Thermal EOR Modelling – Tutorial
10. Click Ok and OK again on the Property Calculation Window.

11. Under the Reservoir section in the Tree View Double-Click on Thermal Rocktypes to open
the associated window. At the top click the triangle icon and select New Thermal Rock
Type.

12. Under the Rock Compressibility Tab enter a Porosity Reference Pressure of 8576 kPa and
a Formation Compressibility of 1.8e-5 1/kPa. Press Apply.

13. Go to the Thermal Properties tab and enter the following values:
• Volumetric Heat Capacity (Rock): 2.35e6 J/(m3*C)
• T-Dependent Coefficient (Rock): 0 J/(m3*C*C)
• Thermal Conductivity Phase Mixing: Complex
• Thermal Conductivity (Reservoir Rock): 6.6e5 J/(m*day*C)
• Thermal Conductivity (Water Phase): 5.35e4 J/(m*day*C)
• Thermal Conductivity (Oil Phase): 8035 J/(m*day*C)
• Thermal Conductivity (Gas Phase): 2000 J/(m*day*C)

Press Apply.

5
Introduction to Thermal EOR Modelling – Tutorial
14. Go to the Overburden Heat Loss tab and enter the following information:
• Overburden Volumetric Heat Capacity: 2.35E+06 J/(m3*C)
• Underburden Volumetric Hear Capacity: 2.35E+06 J/(m3*C)
• Overburden Thermal Conductivity: 1.5E+05 J/(m*day*C)
• Overburden Thermal Conductivity: 1.5E+05 J/(m*day*C)

Press Apply. Press OK to close the window. Become familiar with the grid and wells via
the different views available in Builder.

Save the dataset as “EXERCISE_1_BaseCase.dat”.

6
Introduction to Thermal EOR Modelling – Tutorial
Generating a STARS Black Oil PVT using Correlations
If the necessary data for a fluid analysis is not available Builder offers the ability of creating a
STARS K-Value based fluid model via Black-Oil Correlations.

These correlations are similar to those used in creating Black-Oil fluid models for the IMEX
simulator but include a thermal aspect in STARS as well as being broken into components, rather
than just phases.

1. To create the fluid model start by navigating to the Components menu in Builder and
select Import Blackoil PVT…

2. In the window that appears under Black Oil PVT Properties select the Units to be SI.

3. Click on the button to Launch the Black Oil PVT Graphical User Interface (GUI).

4. In the PVT definition window which appears it should be noted that there is no
information yet. To create a fluid model values need to be input for the correlations.
Click on the Tools button and select Generate PVT Table using Correlations…

5. In the window which appears input the following values:

• Reservoir Temperature: 37.7778 C (100 F)
• Generate data up to…: 12000 kPa
• Bubble Point Pressure Calculation: Value Provided 8576 kPa
• Oil Density at STC (14.7 psia, 60F): Stock Tank Oil Gravity (API) 21
• Gas Density at STC (14.7 psia, 60F): Gas Gravity (Air=1) 0.65

Note on Dropdown Options:

For Choices Highlighted Above in Blue (i.e. intermediate dropdown choices in Builder)
make sure to select these intermediate choices BEFORE inputting associated values. If
these are selected after inputting data then the data will be converted and results will be
incorrect.

7
Introduction to Thermal EOR Modelling – Tutorial
6. Check the box at the bottom to Set/Update Values of Reservoir Temperature, Fluid
Density in Dataset and click Apply. Upon clicking Apply a message will appear regarding
the calculation of oil compressibility. Select No (this will be added in a future step).

8
Introduction to Thermal EOR Modelling – Tutorial
 7. Click OK to close the window (note that the default correlations were being used but
others are available if required). The PVT Regions window should now be populated
with generated data.

Examine the calculated values:

In particular, note the Solution Gas/Oil Ratio (Rs) value at the bubble-point pressure (8576
kPa). In this example it was known that this value at bubble-point pressure in the field
was 30 m3/m3. In this example it can be observed that this value is 30.9962 m3/m3, an
acceptably close value.

8. Upon quality checking of the data it can be observed that the viscosity at bubble-point is
10.3 cp from the correlations. However, in the field the viscosity was measured to be 120
cp at the reservoir temperature and bubble-point pressure. Viscosity information is
commonly separate from other fluid properties as the correlations used for calculation of
Rs, Bo, Eg, etc. are independent of viscosity.

For this exercise the viscosity needs to be shifted to match field values at the associated
37.7778 Degress C. To do this click on the Oil Viscosity (Viso) at the bubble-point
pressure (8576 kPa). Go directly to the Tools button and select Shift Column Values to
Match. Enter a value of 120 cp at this point. Press OK and it should be observed that the
oil viscosity column has been pivoted around this point based on the correlations.

9
Introduction to Thermal EOR Modelling – Tutorial
9. Click Apply. Water properties also need to be correlated to the proper initial conditions
of the field. Go to the General tab and click the Tools button. Choose the option to
Generate Water Properties using Correlations. In the window that appears input the
following values:
• Reservoir Temperature (TRES): 37.7778 C (100 F)
• Reference Pressure (REFPW): 8576 kPa
• Water Bubble point pressure: LEAVE BLANK
• Water Salinity (ppm): 10000 (ppm)

Check the box to Set/update values of TRES and REFPW in PVT Region Dialog. Click
Apply and OK to close the window.

10. In the General tab enter the oil compressibility, Undersatruated Co (CO), of 1.0e-5 1/kPa.
Press Apply and OK to exit the Black Oil PVT window. Press OK to the message which
appears (this refers to the need to specify the bubble-point pressure which will be done
in the next step). The STARS PVT window should now be open.

11. From the list of available pressures the bubble-point pressure must be chosen. To do this
click the button to Select from Table then click next to the bubble-point pressure (8576
kPa). The Next button should now be available to be clicked.

10
Introduction to Thermal EOR Modelling – Tutorial
12. The previously input viscosities were related to a constant temperature of 37.7778
Degrees C. Due to the possible thermal nature of STARS datasets it may be required to
add temperature dependency to oil viscosity.

In the Step 2: Input STARS Component Data window leave the default values and click
Next:

13. Under the Gas K Value Temperature Dependence section the defaults will be chosen.
This value controls the behavior of the bubble point and GOR when temperatures are
changed. Click Next.

14. Enter the following information under the Temperature-Viscosity relationship:

Note that the Component System section is set to create a Live Oil system with 3 components
(Water, Dead Oil, and Solution Gas). If a Dead Oil system is chosen then only 2 components will
be added (Water and Dead Oil). The amount of gas in solution will be defined by the initial Mole
Fraction of the Solution Gas component in the Oleic Phase.

Click Next. A message will appear regarding the defining of the Thermal Expansion Coefficient
(Ct) for oil which is being calculated. Click OK to use this value.

11
Introduction to Thermal EOR Modelling – Tutorial
 Note on Possible Message Regarding Oil Viscosities:

Another message may appear about the oil viscosities. The oil viscosity at atmospheric
pressure in the PVT table is actually the same as the input dead oil viscosity at the
temperature of the PVT table. The wizard assumes that the viscosity value in the PVT table
is the most correct, since usually this table comes from measured laboratory data such as
differential liberation.

The wizard will still use the input dead oil viscosity vs. temperature data to establish the
relative viscosity/temperature relationship, and then it applies this to the base viscosity
in the PVT table to obtain a table of oil viscosity vs. temperature. This viscosity vs.
temperature relationship is also applied to the solution gas component present in the
same table of viscosity vs. temperature. Click OK which takes you to Step 5 (Check
Matches of PVT Properties).

15. Step 5 is used to show and alter the matches between the Black-Oil correlations and the
STARS K-Value Correlations. Move this panel to the side to enable viewing of the match
plots.

Note the Match error values shown in the Step 5 panel. Check the match quality by
expanding and clicking on the various available plots.

These matches are acceptable, given the limited PVT data available. Note that the Gas
Viscosity vs. pressure plot appears not to match the black oil PVT data. This is because
STARS has a correlation for gas viscosity vs. temperature and composition, but not gas
viscosity vs. pressure (see keywords AVG and BVG). It is felt that the gas viscosity change
with pressure is not as important as the change with temperature and composition.

Click Next to move on to Step 6: Done! This window shows the breakdown of composition
in the oil phase relative to pressure. These compositions are important as the model
needs to be initialized with the proper mole fractions at the associated pressure and
reference depth.

12
Introduction to Thermal EOR Modelling – Tutorial
 By default Builder assumes the reservoir to be at Bubble-Point pressure initially and will
automatically add the mole fractions related to that pressure (8576 kPa). This can of
course be overridden when defining the Initial Conditions Section.

16. Click Finish to close the window. The Components section in the tree view should now
contain a Green Checkmark.

17. Save the dataset.

13
Introduction to Thermal EOR Modelling – Tutorial
Generating Relative Permeability Curves and Interpolation Sets
This section details how to use Corey Equations to generate relative permeability curves based
on defined endpoints and curvature exponents. After the curves have been defined
Temperature-Dependency will be added to the endpoints followed by interpolation sets allowing
for the interpolation between different sets of curves based on composition differences.

The reason for using a compositional dependency relates back to the notion that gas relative
permeability to liquid is different depending on the composition of the gas (i.e. more solution gas
or more steam). As the composition of gas in a block shifts from solution gas to steam or vice-
versa then the relative permeability curves will shift with it accordingly. This can be included in
addition to the Temperature-Dependencies.

1. Under the Rock-Fluid Menu select the option to Create/Edit Rocktypes.

2. On the top of the Rock Types window click the arrow and select the option to add
a New Rock Type from the list. Go to the Tools button and select the option to Generate
Tables using Correlations. Input the following values to generate the relative
permeability curves:

14
Introduction to Thermal EOR Modelling – Tutorial
3. Click Apply to create the curves and OK to close the window. Press Apply on the Rock
Types window and Green Checkmark should appear in the tree view for the Rock-Fluid
section.

4. To implement temperature dependency, navigate to the Relative Permeability End

Points tab in the Rock Types window.

Note on Initial End-Point Values:

It should be noted that for the current curves the Connate Water to Oil is 30% (0.30) and
the Residual Oil to Water is 40% (0.40 oil saturation or 0.60 water saturation).

In the Liquid-Gas table the Residual Oil to Gas saturation can be calculated by taking the
Residual Liquid to Gas, 75% (0.75), and subtracting the Connate Water Saturation, 30%.
The result is a value of 45% (0.45) Residual Oil Saturation to Gas.

All of these values are acceptable for a typical displacement at reservoir conditions but
may be pessimistic when adding energy into the system via a hot water or steam flood.

5. Set the Temperature Intervals to be 2 (should be the default) with a Minimum range of
37.7778 and a Maximum of 325. The endpoints will interpolated linearly between the
data given by these points.

6. In the Overwrite Critical Saturation and Endpoints From Tables Section click on the blue
triangle for the property Irreducible Water Saturation (SWR or SWCON) and choose the
option Temperature Dependence.

The property should show in the Temperature Dependence Section. Repeat this same
process for Residual Oil Saturation for Water Injection (SORW) and Residual Oil
Saturation for Gas Injection (SORG).

15
Introduction to Thermal EOR Modelling – Tutorial
7. In the Temperature Dependence Section enter the following values for each of the
endpoints:

8. Click Apply and OK to close the window.

9. To view the effect on the relative permeability curves as a function of temperature, Click
on Rock-Fluid, then the right arrow and select Diagnostic Plots. Toggle the Oil Water and
Gas Oil buttons.

This allows you to see the effect of the endpoint changes. In the case of multiple rock
types, if you click on Reservoir to display any property and have the Rock Fluid Diagnostics
panel open, clicking on any block will change the diagnostic plot to show that
corresponding to the UBA.

16
Introduction to Thermal EOR Modelling – Tutorial
10. In the Diagnostic Plot window select Ternary Kro.

Note that only one temperature at a time can be selected. Check that the Kro (intermediate phase
relative permeability) does not touch the zero oil saturation line at either temperature. If it does,
the Stone 2 formulation has failed and another 3-phase relative permeability option should be
chosen.

Check That Kro is 0 inside

the Plot Boundary

11. To add Compositional Dependency different curve Interpolation Sets will need to be
created. Open the Rock Types window again Check the box at the top to Use
Interpolation Sets.

12. Go to the Rocktype Properties Tab and Check the box to enable Interpolation
Components (INTCOMP). In doing so the options will become available to select the
component and phase that will be tracked for switching.

In this case choose for the Rock-Fluid Interpolation Will Depend on Component: to be
Water and the Phase from which component`s composition will be taken: to be gas mole
fraction.

17
Introduction to Thermal EOR Modelling – Tutorial
13. Click Apply then go to the Interpolation Set Parameters Tab. Input a value of 0.2 for the
DTRAPW and DTRAPN. This relates to the water mole fraction in the gas phase (steam)
associated with this relative permeability set. Click Apply.

14. At the top of the window is a dropdown for Interpolation Sets. Next to this is a triangular
button. Click on this and choose the option to Copy Current Interpolation Set. A second
Interpolation set will be created that is identical to the first. Values now need to be
altered to differentiate the relative permeability in this set from the first based on the
presence of steam.

18
Introduction to Thermal EOR Modelling – Tutorial
15. In the Interpolation Set Parameters tab for the Interpolation Set 2 input values of 0.6 in
place of 0.2 for both the DTRAPW and DTRAPN values.

16. In the Relative Permeability End Points tab find the Relative permeability to gas at
connate liquid (KRGCW) and choose to Overwrite Table Value with the value of 0.8 (the
original value was 0.3 for solution gas). Press Apply.

17. In the Relative Permeability Tables tab change the Smoothing method for table end-
points from Linear Interpolation to Cubic Smoothing for both the Oil-Water and the
Liquid-Gas Tables. Apply this to both Interpolation sets.

18. Apply and press OK to exit the window. Once again, examine the diagnostic plots to
observe how the compositional dependency and temperature dependency are taken into
account at the same time. Save the Dataset.

19
Introduction to Thermal EOR Modelling – Tutorial
Note on How Interpolation is Applied:

In this model, the composition of the Gas Phase will be determined in every gridblock on
each timestep. If the composition of gas is less than 20% steam (based on mole fractions)
then the first interpolation set will be used. If the composition of gas is greater than 60%
steam then the second interpolation set will be used. For any compositions between
these values a linear interpolation of the different sets of curves will be done.

A similar technique will also be applied to the temperature dependency where linear
interpolation will be done between the points at the two defined temperatures.

20
Introduction to Thermal EOR Modelling – Tutorial
Definition of Initial Conditions and Numerical Controls
1. Open the Initialization Settings under the Initial Conditions menu.

2. Select Depth-Average Capillary-Gravity Method (VERTICAL DEPTH_AVE) as the Vertical

Equilibrium Calculation Method (should be the default).

3. Enter the following information in the Initialization Region section:

• Reference Pressure: 8576 kPa
• Reference Depth: 504 m (subsea-units, SS)
• Water-Oil Contact Depth (DWOC): 526 m (SS)
• Gas-Oil Contact Depth (DGOC): 504 m (SS)

Press Apply and OK to close the window. Note that the pressure at the gas-oil contact
must be bubble-point pressure for equilibrium.

4. Under the Numerical menu select Timestep Control to open the Numerical Settings
window. Set a First Time Step Size after Well Change (DTWELL) of 1e-3 and change the
Upstream Calculation Option (UPSTREAM) to KLEVEL.

Both the Initial Conditions and the Numerical sections should now have Green
Checkmarks on the tree view.

Save the dataset.

21
Introduction to Thermal EOR Modelling – Tutorial
Defining Well Perforations and Constraints
Although wells were automatically created when using the Quick Pattern Grid wizard there are
completions defined (by default in all layers) which need to be altered as well as a lack of
operating constraints, which need to be defined. This section details the implementation of
these.

1. To alter the well completions navigate to the Wells and Recurrent menu and open the
Well Completions (PERF) window.

The perforations for the injectors are going to be limited so that they do not inject at the
top of the formation. This is done since the injected steam will over-ride the fluids,
making it generally better to inject steam lower in the formation.

In order to make this change go to the Perforations Tab for Injector 1 and select the first
3 layers. This can be done by clicking on the #1 perforation and dragging down to #3.
Once selected click the button on the left side to Delete the selected nodes .

22
Introduction to Thermal EOR Modelling – Tutorial
 2. Click Apply. Repeat this deleting of the first three layers for each of the Injector wells.

3. The producer needs to be limited to ensure it is not producing from either the gas cap or
the water zone. Under the Producer 1 completions Delete the top 3 nodes (layers 1-3)
and the bottom 2 (layers 7-8).

4. Click Apply and OK to close the window. Save the dataset.

5. In the tree view under the Wells and Recurrent section expand the Wells group and
double-click on one of the wells to open the Well Events window.

6. Navigate to Injector 1 and go to its Constraints tab. Under Constraint select a new
OPERATE constraint. Set the Parameter to be BHP bottom hole pressure with a MAX
value of 12,000 kPa. Lastly change the Action to CONT REPEAT.

7. Add a second OPERATE constraint for a STW surface water rate MAX of 250 m3/day and
again select CONT REPEAT.

Note on use of CONT REPEAT:

When CONT REPEAT chosen, if the operating constraint is violated in a timestep then the
timestep will be repeated to ensure a non-violated constraint. If CONT is selected then it
will continue to the next timestep where the violation will be fixed. The use of this is
recommended to improve the accuracy of well constraint changes but may increase run
time due to the repeating of timesteps. Caution should therefore always be applied when
using this option if run time is an area of concern.

23
Introduction to Thermal EOR Modelling – Tutorial
8. Click Apply then go to the Injected Fluid Tab and enter the following information:
• Injected Fluid: Water
• Mole Fraction: Component -> Water 1.0
• Temperature 325 C
• Steam Quality 0.8 (if a value of 0 is entered then the enthalpy of hot
water is injected)

9. The information added to Injector 1 will now be copied to the other injectors. To do this,
in the menu under Injector 1 hold down the CTRL key and click on Constraints, Injected
Fluid, Stream quality, and Stream Temperature. With these highlighted Right-Click and
choose Copy events using filter.

10. In the window that appears on the Wells tab select the 4 Injectors. Next go to the Dates
tab and select the first date (2011-01-01). Finally click the button on the bottom right to
Search & Add.

24
Introduction to Thermal EOR Modelling – Tutorial
 The Search Results window pane should now contain the 4 wells. If it does not then a
step was missed. Press OK to close the window. It should be observed that the selected
well definitions will have been added to the 4 injection wells.

11. Operating constraints need to be defined for the Producer well also. In the Well Events
window find Producer 1 and in a manner similar to the Injection wells add the following
operating constraints:
• BHP bottom hole pressure MIN 200 kPa CONT REPEAT
• STL stock tank liquid MAX 100 m3/day CONT REPEAT

25
Introduction to Thermal EOR Modelling – Tutorial
 12. Click Apply and OK to close the window.

13. Under the Wells & Recurrent section in the tree view double-click on Dates to open the
Dates window. Click the button to Add a range of dates . Choose:
• From: 2011-01-01
• To: 2016-01-01
• By: Month

Click OK. Set a STOP on the last date. Click Close to exit the Dates window.

All section of the dataset should now be validated with a Green Checkmark in the tree view. Save
the dataset.

Defining Data to be Output

1. Click on I/O Control in the tree view. Double-click on Simulation Results Output to open
the window.

2. Under the lower What to write (OUTSRF) section change the Well Information to Values
for all layers (LAYER ALL). Click the Green Plus sign under this section and add another
well output. Choose Values for all components (COMPONENT ALL). Do this one more
time creating a final Well output for Well Values at reservoir and surface conditions
(DOWNHOLE).

26
Introduction to Thermal EOR Modelling – Tutorial
 3. Under the Grid output press the Select button to open the associated window. In here all
values chosen can be viewed on a per-gridblock basis in Results 3D. Click the button to
Deselect All then select the following outputs (note that in Builder v2011.10 and later this
list can be sorted alphabetically):

CCHLOSS Net Heater Rate

CCHLOSSCUM Net cumulative energy lost(-) or gained(+) by a…
FLUXRC Flux vectors of oil, water, and gas at reservoir conditions
FPOROS Fluid Porosity
KRG Gas relative permeability
KRO Oil relative permeability
KRW Water relative permeability
MASDENO Oil density
PRES Pressure
SG Gas saturation
SO Oil saturation
SW Water saturation
TEMP Temperature
VISO Oil viscosity
X Component composition in oil phase
Y Component composition in gas phase

Select any other outputs that may be of interest as well. When finished press OK to close the
window. Press OK again to close the Simulation Results File Writing window.
Save the dataset.

Validation of the Dataset

Validation of values occurs at multiple levels in Builder. On individual windows a validation will be done
on necessary values and units. Each section of the dataset is also validated for values and completeness
(Demonstrated by the Warning, Error, and Checkmark symbols in the tree view). Prior to running a model
it is generally recommended to run the model through validation in the simulator as well (since the
simulator may catch an inconsistency that Builder did not).

1. To validate the model with the simulator through Builder start by clicking on the Validate
with STARS button on the menu bar:

27
Introduction to Thermal EOR Modelling – Tutorial
 2. As the dataset should have just been saved, on the window that appears asking to save
No can be selected. If it is unknown when the dataset was last saved select Yes and save
the dataset before proceeding.

3. In the validation screen which appears start by selecting Validate (Run to validate dataset
only) and press Run. This will send the dataset to the STARS simulator which will read it
in and validate the parts. A summary will be output which will describe any warnings or
errors which have been found.

4. If no warnings or errors occur then change the option to Run to view Initialization (run
one time step) and click Run. This will take the validation step further by initializing the
model. In doing so, the results files will be created which can be loaded in Results 3D to
view the initialization.

5. Once successfully validated Close the window and Exit Builder.

Running (time-stepping) of the Dataset

After validation has been completed the model can be ran. This is generally done through CMG’s Launcher
as numerous options are available for scheduling jobs and submitting to a variety of different
computer/operating system types. For more information on these options please refer to the Launcher
Manual.

1. Drag and drop the dataset EXERCISE_1_BaseCase.dat from the main view of the Course
Solutions folder onto the STARS simulator icon in the Program Tab.

2. In the window that appears set the Number of Processors to Use at 1 (there is no reason
to run with additional processors as this model is not of sufficient size or runtime to justify
parallelizing).

Also choose to Submit to Scheduler and choose the scheduler Local (this refers to the
machine which is being utilized). All other options may be kept as defaults. Press OK to
start the simulation run.

28
Introduction to Thermal EOR Modelling – Tutorial
 3. After the simulation has been launched it should appear in the Job Status window at the
bottom of Launcher (if it does not then Right-Click in this area and click Refresh). Right-
Click on the job and choose View Log File.

This allows for the viewing of the Log (Diary) file either while the dataset is being ran or
after it is complete. This file contains run-time information such as the time-step sizes,
number of iterations, material balance error, any warnings or errors, etc.

To view other information in text format from the simulator refer to the Out (Echo) file
which contains the information being input to the simulator, any assumptions made,
initialization parameters, and other data coming from the simulator as defined by the
user (chosen under the Text Output section of the I/O Control in Builder).

4. If everything looks acceptable in these two files (i.e. no errors, warnings, etc.) then the
results can be viewed in Results Graph and Results 3D.

Viewing the Results in Results

After running the model and validating the time-steps/warnings/errors the results may be
viewed.

1. To open the results in Results, drag and drop the SR3 file, EXERCISE_1_BaseCase.sr3,
onto the Results Icon in Launcher.
2. Click on the Home tab in the ribbon menu and select to organize By Data
3. Click on Producer 1 in the Time Series section of Project Navigation
4. Save as Results.project.

29
Introduction to Thermal EOR Modelling – Tutorial
After the dataset has been run check the bottom of the Log file. If a message appears regarding
the “Fraction of Newton iterations with matrix solver failure (_%) is too large” then bring the
dataset into Builder and under the Numerical Section increase the ITERMAX and NORTH values
to 150 each. Save the model as EXERCISE_1_BaseCase_iternorth.dat. Run the model and ensure
the message is gone.

After creating this dataset, also change the Maximum Average Scaled Residual for All Equations
(TOTRES) under the Numset tab to Tight. Save the model as
EXERCISE_1_BaseCase_iternorth_tight.dat and run it.

After running these datasets, compare the numerical statistics shown at the bottom of the .log
file. These statistics include the material balance error, run time, and number of time steps
taken.

30
Introduction to Thermal EOR Modelling – Tutorial
 31
Introduction to Thermal EOR Modelling – Tutorial