HW 4 Solution

Homework #4
1. Use the Rayleigh-Ritz method to determine the deflection v(x), bending moment M(x), and shear force
Vy(x) for the beam shown in the figure. The bending moment and shear force are calculated from the
deflection as: M (x )  EId2v / dx 2 and Vy (x )  EId3v / dx 3 . Assume the displacement as
v(x )  c0  c1x  c2x 2  c3x 3 , and EI = 2,000 N-m2, L = 1 m, and p0 = 200 N/m, and C = 100 N-m.
Make sure the displacement boundary conditions are satisfied a priori.
Hint: The potential energy of a couple is calculated as V  Cdv / dx , where the rotation is
calculated at the point of application of the couple.
Solution:
v(x )  c0  c1x  c2x 2  c3x 3
dv
 c1  2c 2 x  3c 3 x 2
dx
Displacement boundary condition: v(0)  0, v (0)  0  c0  c1  0
v(x )  c2x 2  c3x 3
Now we only need to determine c2 and c3.
dv
 2c 2 x  3c 3 x 2
dx
d 2v
 2c2  6c3x
dx 2
d 3v
 6c3
dx 3
Potential energy:
L  d 2v 2 L dv
1 EI 
 0 2
  dx   vpydx  (1)C
 dx 2  0 dx
c2x 2  c3x 3  200x dx  2c2  3c3 C

L L
0  2c2  6c3x  dx  
2
 1
2
EI
0
4000  c22  6c2c3x  9c32x 2  dx  0  200c2x 3  200c3x 4 dx 100  2c2  3c3 
1 1
 0
 4000 c22  3c2c3  3c32    50c2  40c3   100  2c2  3c3 
 4000 c22  3c2c3  3c32   150c2  260c3
 
  0  4000  2c2  3c3   150  0
 c2
 
  0  4000  3c2  6c3   260  0
 c3
 c2  0.01
 
 c 3  0.005833

Final results:
v(x)  0.01x 2  0.005833x 3
d 2v
M (x )  EI  2000  2  0.01  6  0.005833x   40  70x
dx 2
d 3v
Vy (x )  EI  2000(6  0.005833)  70
dx 3
2. Use two equal-length beam elements to determine the deflection of the beam shown below. Estimate
the deflection at point B, which is at 0.5 m from the left support. EI = 1000 N-m2.
Solution:
0.5 m
2
1 3
B
1m 1m
1,000 N
In order to save space, we will apply the boundary conditions at the element level. Thus, only free DOFs
will be written.
 12 6  v2   f2(1)  
Element 1: 103       

 6 4   2  m2 
(1)

 12 6   v2    f (2) 

Element 2: 103       2 

 6 4   2   (2) 
 m2  
After assembly, we obtain the global matrix equation as
 24 0   v2   1, 000   v2   0.0417 
10 3             
0 8     0    2   0 
   2       
Thus, all DOF are zero except for v2 = 0.0417. Thus, the deflection curve becomes
Element 1: v1(s)  N3(s)v2  0.0417(3s2  2s 3 )
Element 2: v2(s)  N1(s)v2  0.0417(1  3s2  2s 3 )
At point B, we can use v1(s) with s = 0.5. Thus, vB = 0.02085
3. The frame shown in the figure is clamped at the left end and supported on a hinged roller at the right
end. The radius of the circular cross section r = 0.04 m. An axial force P and a couple C act at the right
end. Assume the following numerical values: L = 1 m, E = 80 GPa, P = 10,000 N, C = 1,000 Nm.
(a) Use one element to determine the rotation  at the right support.
(b) What is the deflection of the beam at x = L/2?
(c) What is the maximum tensile stress? Where does it occur?
Solution:
(a) The frame element has 6 DOFs. {Q}T  {u1, v1, 1, u2 , v2 , 2 } . Since u1, v1, 1, and v2 are fixed, we
can construct element matrix equations for only free-DOFs: u2 and 2. From Eq. (3.80), we have
 EA 
 0  u   P 
 L  2   
     C 
 0 4EI   2   
 L 
By solving the above equation, two unknown DOFs are obtained as
PL
u2   2.49  105 m
EA
CL
2   1.56  103 rad
4EI
(b) The deflection at the center can be obtained using interpolation. Note that the axial displacement and
bending deflections have different interpolation schemes.
u(0.5)  0.5u2  1.25  105 m

v(0.5)  2N4 (0.5)  (0.52  0.53 )2  1.94  104 m
(c) Maximum tensile stress occurs at the bottom surface of the frame.
Mr P 1000  0.04 10000

max  xx      21.9 MPa
I A 2.01  106 0.00502

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Homework #4

v(x )  c0  c1x  c2x 2  c3x 3

Displacement boundary condition: v(0)  0, v (0)  0  c0  c1  0

v(x )  c2x 2  c3x 3

Now we only need to determine c2 and c3.

c2x 2  c3x 3  200x dx  2c2  3c3 C

v(x)  0.01x 2  0.005833x 3

After assembly, we obtain the global matrix equation as

Element 1: v1(s)  N3(s)v2  0.0417(3s2  2s 3 )

Element 2: v2(s)  N1(s)v2  0.0417(1  3s2  2s 3 )

At point B, we can use v1(s) with s = 0.5. Thus, vB = 0.02085

By solving the above equation, two unknown DOFs are obtained as

u(0.5)  0.5u2  1.25  105 m

Mr P 1000  0.04 10000

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